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August 19, 2026 15 mins

Weasels have a bad reputation among bird farmers and have been cast as literal villains in books and cartoons, but they can actually help control vermin populations -- and ferrets can make great pets. Learn more about various types of weasels (including why they dance) in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on these articles: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/weasels.htm; https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/otherpets/ferrets.htm

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Speaker 1 (00:01):
Welcome to Brainstuff, a production of iHeartRadio. Hey brain Stuff,
Lauren Vogelbaum. Here, it's time to admit that we've done
weasels wrong. In the English speaking world, someone who's a sneak,
a cutthroat, or a liar isn't called a tiger, for example,
or an apossum. No, these unsavory characters get branded as weasels.

(00:28):
We've also turned the word weasel into an equally unsavory verb.
To weasel your way out of something is to deceitfully
avoid it, and anti weasel sentiments extend far beyond linguistics.
Lots of children's books and animation have had these tubular
mammals play sleazy bad guys, possibly rooting from the nineteen

(00:51):
oh eight novel The Wind in the Willows and its
partial adaptation Disney's nineteen forty nine film The Adventures of
Ichabod and Mister Toad, then spinning through everything from The
Berenstain Bears to Who Framed Roger Rabbit to Zutopia. Weasels
were even deemed bad omens in ancient Greece. Some of

(01:11):
their image problems harken back to common misconceptions. Others have
more nuanced roots. Today, let's talk about weasels in general
and their most adoptable varieties ferrets. Weasels are various species
of nimble, long bodied mammalian predators that belong to the
taxonomic subfamily Mastellani and the genera Mastella and Neo gala I.

(01:38):
Tried to look it up. Couldn't find a pronunciation, y'all
let me know anyway. Different species hail from Eurasia, the Americas,
and North Africa. The word weasel can be a little
confusing just from a classification standpoint. Some people restrict weasel
to refer to one particular species, the least weasel, but
also animals from different generaly get called weasels sometimes, and

(02:02):
related animals like badgers and otters are in what's called
the weasel family, also referred to as mustelids. Furthermore, classification
is something that scientists seem to enjoy arguing about, and
a few species have been moved in and out of
the subfamily mistinally over time. But for our purposes today,

(02:23):
we're defining true weasels as mistellane species, including weasels, polecats, minx, stoats,
and ferrets. Around twenty species and one hundred and fifty
subspecies around the world. Weasels are adept hunters that evolved
with small, thin, long bodies with sleek fur and short
legs that allow them to chase burrowing rodents down narrow tunnels.

(02:48):
They tend to have delicate, pointed faces and small, rounded ears.
Different species will grow to different sizes. Polecats and ferrets
tend to be on the bigger side, growing to about
twenty inches in length that's fifty centimeters from the tip
of their nose to the tip of their tail, though
the tail can account for about a quarter to a
third of that length. They might weigh up two four

(03:10):
and a half pounds or two kilos. Other weasels rival
beanie babies in size. The aforementioned and aptly named least
weasel has a maximum length of just eight and a
half inches or around twenty two centimeters, and its average
weight is just two ounces or fifty five grams. These
animals have evolved differing fur colors and patterns to help

(03:31):
them survive in their varied environments. Their fur can be
anything from loamy brown to earthy red, to grassy gold
to snowy white, sometimes with darker patterning on their feet
and tails along their backs or in bands on their
faces to help confuse their predators. Some even change their
fur color with the changing seasons to help them blend in.

(03:52):
When the days shorten or lengthen, it can trigger hormone
changes that spur a snow colored coat in the winter
and a darker one in the summer. Ferrets, which are domesticated,
are often bred for particular coloration, from blonde to black,
and some of those patterns on weasels faces do slightly
resemble a bandit's mask, perhaps adding to their reputation. One

(04:15):
thing weasels all have in common is their sky high
metabolic rates. Unlike say, bears, weasels can't depend on long
term fat reserves. Because staying lean in order to tunnel
is a matter of survival, weasels don't put on a
lot of body fat, and without thick fur coats, they
struggle to retain body heat. So to meet their energy

(04:39):
needs and stay warm, weasels burn a lot of fuel.
This forces them to process meals very rapidly. As such,
many species must consume twenty to forty percent of their
body weight and food every day. In addition to rodents,
weasels will also eat rabbits, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and various invertebrates,

(05:00):
basically anything they can get their paws on, including animals
much larger than themselves. They're good climbers too, and will
prey on eggs or young in nests. Back in twenty fifteen,
photographer Martin LeMay even captured an image of a least
weasel riding on the back of an airborne woodpecker. It
looks like a dragon rider on its colorful steed, but

(05:23):
this was no joy ride. It was an attempt at predation. Evidently,
the weasel attacked the bird while it was grounded, setting
off an aerial rodeo. LeMay reported that this woodpecker managed
to escape, but other birds aren't so lucky. Even predatory
raptors can fall victim to the ferocity of weasels. From

(05:44):
time to time, eagles or buzzards will swoop down and
snatch up a weasel, hoping to score a quick meal.
But if the weasel manages to reach up and bite
its captor on the neck or chest, the mammal might
not only survive the encounter, but turn the tables and
eat its attacker. Among chicken farmers, weasels are notorious for

(06:04):
killing prized birds and making off with their eggs. Therein
lies a popular misconception or technicality. Animals like the short
tailed weasel will put a small hole into an egg
and then lap up the contents as they come oozing out.
But what it won't do is actively suck out the
yolks and the whites, like some kind of breakfast vampire. However,

(06:28):
famous folks from William Shakespeare in writing Henry the Fifth
to Theodore Roosevelt in a speech from nineteen sixteen have
referred to weasel's sucking eggs. To be fair, it is
more vivid imagery than lapping eggs. Roosevelt was using this
image as a metaphor. He said, one of our defects
as a nation is a tendency to use what have

(06:50):
been called weasel words. When a weasel sucks eggs, the
meat is sucked out of the egg. If you use
a weasel word after another, there's nothing left of the other.
The image of an empty eggshell here is an echo
of the hollow vague language used by some politicians to
avoid or weasel out of accountability. Weasel Words have their

(07:14):
meanings sucked out Roosevelt liked this phrase and helped popularize it.
But of course we can't blame Shakespeare and Roosevelt for
all of weasel's pr problems. Historically, weasels have often found
themselves at odds with farmers of animals like chickens. These
tubular creatures can slip into chicken coops through unprotected holes

(07:36):
in the floor walls. Once inside, they can raid the
nests or attack the birds themselves. Most weasels do prefer
rodents to chickens, which means weasels can actually benefit farmers
by retting the premises of vermin and by providing an
alternative to chicken for any larger predators in the area
like foxes or hawks. But finding empty eggs and the

(08:00):
occasional remains of an unlucky bird doesn't endear weasels to farmers,
so it's no wonder that weasels have come to be
known as sneaky devious creatures. They also got a reputation
for being bloodthirsty or vicious because of those high metabolisms.
They'll often wrangle more food than they can eat in
a single sitting and store the extra in cash sites

(08:23):
such as abandoned animal burrows. This is a behavior that's
considered cute when squirrels do it with acorns, but feels
a little weirder to us when the cash is say
one hundred and fifty dead voles dashed away for future meals.
From an evolutionary standpoint, that impulse to kill extra game
makes perfect sense. Everyone likes a full pantry. It's also

(08:47):
the reason why weasels have been known to slaughter every
chicken in sight upon entering a coop and then disappear
without eating them. They were probably hoping to save the
birds for later, but couldn't get them out of the coop.
A weasel's also don't suck blood, though the bite marks
they might leave on chicken necks do put us in
mind of vampires. Again, that's just an effective place for

(09:08):
them to bite to stop their prey from fighting back. Fortunately,
there are steps chicken breeders can take to prevent these
incidents from occurring, like keeping coops raised off the ground
to prevent burrowing, and making sure there are no holes
in the coup greater than an inch wide that's about
two and a half centimeters, which includes being shared of
patch any holes nod by rodents However, there are some

(09:32):
places where weasels simply don't belong. In New Zealand, introduced
least weasels have been taking a serious chunk out of
native bird populations. The government is actively removing these unwelcome guests,
but combating invasive species is always a difficult job. While
New Zealand's weasels are causing real harm and should be

(09:52):
dealt with, that doesn't justify Western societies centuries long disdain
for mustelids as a whole. Ye. Yes, weasels are crafty
little beasts with healthy appetites. That's what makes them so
richly important to their native ecosystems, and where and when appropriate,
so fascinating as pets. We're going to get into that,

(10:14):
but first we're going to get into a quick break
for a word from our sponsors, and we're back, Thank
you sponsors. Okay, most weasels should be left alone in nature. However,
fans of the domesticated ferret love their playful, friendly personalities.

(10:36):
Ferrets are known to be affectionate and very smart, which
they demonstrate by being leash and litter trainable. They're quiet
animals and sleep about eighteen hours a day. They're not
nocturnal unless their owners are. They tend to adjust their
sleep schedules to match their owners. You could put considerate
in the pro column of getting a pet ferret, but

(10:58):
high maintenance is perhaps a lot larger factor. To get
an ample amount of exercise and stimulation, ferrets need several
hours a day of supervised time outside of a cage. However,
because they're natural burrowers and like to slip between or
under things and hide, it's a good idea to ferret
proof the areas they have access to. Doors should be

(11:21):
kept closed, cabinets inaccessible, small spaces blocked off, including under
and behind appliances like your fridge or washing machine. Also,
anything small or that you just care about like socks, shoes, keys,
and cords should be kept away. Ferrets will chew, hoard,
and hide little pieces of anything they find. The word

(11:44):
ferret is most likely derived from Latin words meaning thief
or robber, but yes, they love to chew everything, especially
anything rubber or foam, which can be dangerous because pieces
they swallow can cause intestinal obstruction. As so critters, ferrets
enjoy and need interaction with their owners and ideally with

(12:04):
ferret friends. In other words, if you're getting one ferret,
you might as well get too wild. Weasels, in contrast,
tend to be solitary animals. They'll come together to mate,
and female weasels will care for their kits for a
few months, but they don't run in packs. When household
ferrets aren't enjoying supervised free time, they should be in

(12:25):
housing to keep them safe and prevent damage from their
mischievous behavior, A multi level cage is best, especially if
you own more than one ferret. Other basic needs include
quality ferret food, which can be found in pet stores, water,
perhaps obviously, a toys and a hammock, small hideout or
sleeping bag which might be less obvious, but they do

(12:47):
love to burrow. Oh, and be aware. Ferrets tend to
have a bit of a musky smell. These animals do
need to live indoors because they're prone to heatstroke, have
very poor vision, and are nonetheless fearless. Experts advise against
having ferrets in a home with very young children due
to that nibbling done by the ferrets, not the children.

(13:10):
Nor a home with cats or dogs. Even friendly animals
could easily hurt a ferret when they're playing. Ferrets are
banned as pets by some local governments, generally based on misinformation.
There's a fear that pet ferrets could escape and form
wild populations that would either upset natural ecosystems or spread rabies.

(13:31):
But ferrets, unlike say cats or dogs, cannot survive in
the wild, and rabies is very rare in ferrets. There's
never actually been a case of a ferret transmitting rabies
to a human. However, you should ferret out local regulations
before adopting any pet. A vet or wildlife organization can
help you figure out what you need to do or

(13:52):
not do. The phrase ferret out, by the way, it
comes from the medieval practice of using ferrets to kill
vermin or hunt rat by flushing them out of their burrows.
One other bit of behavior that's common to wild weasels
and tame ferrets is what sometimes called the weasel war dance.
This is a frantic sort of hopping, bouncing flail that

(14:16):
can seem alarming, like a seizure or maybe a display
of aggression. They'll puff their tail out, arch their spine,
toss their head, and often make a clucking noise known
in the ferret hobby as a duke faster and louder
as they go. In the wild, this is sometimes observed
right before a weasel strikes it prey. The weasel is

(14:36):
perhaps performing this playlike motion on purpose to interest or
confuse its prey and allow it to get with in
biting distance. But in captive ferrets this dance is well
known as the mustulid equivalent of the zoomies, a chaotic
expression of positive excitement and an invitation to join in

(14:57):
the play. Today's episode is based on the articles how
did Weasels get such a Bad Rap? By Mark Mancini
and Ferrets Are Mischievous Loyal affectionate Pets by Max Barwick,
both on how Stuffworks dot Com. Brain Stuff is production
of iHeartRadio in partnership with HowStuffWorks dot Com and is

(15:17):
produced by Tyler Quaying. Four more podcasts my heart Radio
visit the iHeartRadio app Apple Podcasts for wherever you listen
to your favorite shows.

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Lauren Vogelbaum

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