Mildred Fish-Harnack

Mildred Fish-Harnack was a woman from Wisconsin who found herself at the center of a resistance group in Germany working to undermine the Nazis. But her secrecy in this work enabled both Germany and the Soviet Union to twist her story into propaganda. 

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Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:01):
Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production
of I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
I'm Holly Fry and I'm tra Phoebe Wilson. Hey. Fair
warning you guys, this is not a particularly fun episode. Uh.
It is, in fact, I'm fun. Uh. It is the

(00:23):
story of Mildred fish Harnack, who was a woman from
Wisconsin who found herself at the center of a resistance
group working to undermine the Nazis in Germany as Hitler
came to power and catalyzed World War Two. While it
is not fun, it's an important story because it offers
a glimpse into some of the ways that the historical
record can get blurry, simply because in some cases there

(00:46):
are people trying to do the right thing and having
to cover their tracks, and as a consequence, their own
life stories kind of get blurry enough that they can
become tools of propaganda as a result. So that is
the story that we are telling to day. Uh. Like
I said, it's not a super upbeat one. So if
you're in a place where a downer is gonna make
you have a bad day, maybe save this one. It

(01:08):
will still be here waiting for you. When you get back. So.
Mildred was born Mildred Elizabeth Fish on September sixteenth, nineteen
o two. Although her birth certificate lists heer's name is
simply Maddie Fish. Her parents, William C. And Georgina Fish,
had three other children. They were Harriet, Marian, and mar Beau,

(01:29):
and they raised their family in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mildred went
by Millie growing up, and because of the family lived
in a city with a large German population, she learned
to speak German. Yeah, she could also read and write it.
And the family moved around quite a bit, and that
was because William, who was an insurance agent, kind of
struggled to keep up financially and he often couldn't make rents,

(01:51):
so they would just pick up and move over time.
His problems with money led William and Georgina to become
a strange so he was not really living with the
family for most of high school. Milly attended West Division
High School, which has since changed names to Milwaukee High
School of the Arts. Prior to her senior year, however,

(02:11):
her father, William died and Georgina and the children moved
to Chevy Chase, Maryland. Georgina had taken classes to learn
things like shorthand and taking dictation, so she was able
to secure a good job in Washington, d c. That
enabled her to provide for the family on her own.
Millie completed high school at Western High School in Baltimore, Maryland,

(02:32):
attending in the nineteen eighteen to nineteen nineteen school year
as a senior. And even though she only spent that
one year in school in Maryland, Millie did not seem
to have any problems with jumping into a variety of
school activities. She played sports, both baseball and basketball. She
acted in the senior play, and she also edited the
school paper, which was right in line with her career

(02:54):
goal of becoming a writer. Throughout her early years, she
wrote poetry and she became skilled as a writer of
both verse and prose. And when she wrapped up her
whirlwind final year of high school, she attended First George
Washington University, but she missed Wisconsin and so she transferred
to the University of Wisconsin Madison to complete her degree,

(03:15):
which she did in During her undergrad years, Mildred seems
to have been the kind of person that you'd love
to meet. She became part of a group known as
the Friday Night Ers. This was a progressive circle of
friends and intellectuals who met to socialize to discuss issues
such as women's equality and labor rights. One of the

(03:36):
other things Mildred did during college was to memorize the
first book of the Iliad in Greek. She was able
to recite the entire thing. This was something that her
professors occasionally had her do for their classes after she graduated.
It's one of those mind blowing things. To me. I
can't imagine ever being able to do it. Uh. With
her bachelor's degree in hand, Mildred continued into graduate studies

(04:00):
also at the University of Wisconsin Madison, which she completed
in nine. Her senior thesis was titled a Comparison of
Chapman's and Pope's translations of the Iliad with the original
and during that time in graduate school, she had also
worked on the Wisconsin Literary Magazine as an editor, and
she also taught English at the university, and it was

(04:20):
while teaching that she met her future husband. The meat
cute story for Mildred and Arvid Harnack goes like this. Harnack,
who was from Germany and was studying in the US
as a Rockefeller scholar, accidentally ended up in the wrong
classroom in the wrong building. That classroom was where Mildred

(04:40):
was teaching, and Arvid was immediately taken with her. When
the class was over. According to the story, Arvid introduced
himself and he and Mildred each apologized, he for his
halting English and she for her rusty German. So they
decided that they would study together so that they could
each improve their fluency, and this very quickly blossomed into

(05:02):
more of a date situation than study time. Arvid immediately
wrote to his family that he had met someone special
and he would continue to write to his mother about
the dates that he and Mildred went on, and then
on June n six, he wrote quote, I am very
happy I've got engaged. The whole thing is actually very curious,
because I can hardly speak English and Mildred knows no German.

(05:24):
I made up my mind when I saw her for
the second time. We got engaged yesterday. This engagement was
pretty short, just two months. Mildred and Arvid were married
on August seven, nine six. That was two days after
Mildred completed her exam for her master's degree. Per Arvid's
letter to his family quote, we celebrated the wedding on

(05:44):
her brother's farm. A large part of the Fish family
was gathered there. Mildred's mother is simple and yet very fine.
We arrived at the farm at five p and Mildred
and I left again at nine p. We were married
on the farm by father Johnston, methodist of his couple
of church. He made it short and painless. In a
very progressive move for the time, Mildred hyphenated her last

(06:07):
name to Fish Harnack rather than taking Arvid's last name.
I love how kind of just direct his letters are.
He manages to be both very clearly like into her
and yet not super florid and romantic in his writing style.
It's kind of adorable. So for the nine school year,

(06:28):
Mildred taught English in Baltimore at Goucher College. Arvid's fellowship
ended and he returned to Germany, initially by himself. Mildred
joined him in nine and she fit right in with
his family, who, like Mildred, valued education, and she became
very close with Arvid's sisters. Mildred wanted to continue her
studies to get a doctorate degree, and she did so

(06:51):
in her new home country. The couple moved away from
the Harnack home to Berlin in nine thirty, and she
got a job at the university, teaching English language literature
classes while also working towards her doctorate. That made her
not only one of the first Americans ever to teach there,
but it also made her a colleague of Albert Einstein,
who was also on the faculty. Of course, if you're

(07:12):
doing the math in terms of timeline, that decision to
move to Germany at the end of the nineteen twenties
meant that Mildred and Arvid were there as Hitler's rise
to power was gaining momentum, and they were, of course
troubled by it. Soon, their gatherings of friends to discuss
intellectual matters evolved into a resistance group. Mildred, as a

(07:33):
woman and a foreigner, lost her job. It also seems
that part of the problem was that she was not
aligned with the ruling Nazi party. She was able to
find work after that, but it was all sort of
piecemeal teaching, tutoring and translation work. None of it was
particularly lucrative. But Mildred was an ardent lover of literature,
so She continued to both translate German works into English

(07:56):
and to share the works of US writers like Faulkner
and Thomas Wolfe, who she met a one point with
her German students. Arvid was an economist. In the fallout
from the US market crash, he felt that capitalism was
a troubled economic structure, and he became fascinated with Marxism
and communism. He formed a study group that traveled to
Moscow in ninety two. That was a moment that might

(08:19):
have led to him being approached by Soviet agents about
sharing information on what was happening in Germany, but this
also meant that he had to become more and more secretive.
As both paths of his double life widened. He rose
through the ranks of the economics ministry, and soon he
was actively using the knowledge that he gained there to

(08:40):
help Germany's enemies. Both Mildred and Arvid also joined the
Nazi Party. This was so Mildred could continue to find
work and so Arvid could continue to work in the
economics ministry and just learn as much as he could.
They also both started working with a resistance group that
fought the Nazi regime in a number of ways. First,
they published a secret newsletter in Berlin to try to

(09:03):
warn people about the dangers of Hitler's regime. If you
listen to the episode in the archives about the White
Rose by previous hosts, you know that printing a newsletter
was inherently dangerous. Obtaining enough paper to print such things
automatically aroused suspicions, so even this seemingly simple act took
a great deal of stealth planning and smuggling of needed materials. Second,

(09:27):
as we mentioned a moment ago, they started sending information
to Germany's enemies, both the US and Soviet Union. By
giving information they had to contacts at the embassies for
those countries in Berlin. Mildred was close friends with Martha Dodd,
the daughter of the US ambassador stationed in Berlin, and
Arvin had professional connections to the embassies through his work.

(09:49):
In a moment, we're going to talk about some of
the other resistance efforts of Mildred and her husband, but
first we will pause for a sponsor break. We mentioned
before the break that both of the har Knacks joined
the Nazi Party so that they could continue their work,

(10:09):
but that also meant that they could continue to meet
with their friends without arousing suspicion, and that meant they
could keep planning their resistance strategies. Mildred, like her husband,
used her work as part of their anti Nazi efforts.
She actually started recruiting students to the cause, and she
also used her translating work in the publishing industry, which

(10:30):
required business trips around Europe, to make contacts in other
countries who were sympathetic to Germans trying to fight their
dictatorship from within. There is evidence that Mildred helped Jews
escape from Germany, but exactly what she was doing to
do this, or how she got anyone out, is a
little bit unclear. It is highly possible that her personal

(10:50):
connection to the US embassy probably greased the wheels to
getting at least some people out with travel visas. And
throughout all of this they continued to document Nazi violence
and to write anti Hitler tracts, and they became part
of the larger affiliation of loosely connected groups that got
the umbrella nickname Red Orchestra. That name, to be clear,

(11:12):
was not a name that they used, It was one
that the Nazis assigned to them. It was wrote a
cappelle in German, and that translates literally to red chapel
or red band. The name arose because the Soviet code
for a radio operator was a musician, and the transmitters
were called music boxes. The Soviets had supplied radios to

(11:33):
the resistance groups in Berlin. It's still a little bit
unclear how much any of those radios actually got used.
I there's one documentary that interviewed some researchers that said
that like the effort had gone awry, like they didn't
really know how to use them, but uh, this still
kind of all got amalgamated into their name and in
their work with the orchestra, they shared information about Germany's

(11:55):
finances gained largely through Arvid's work. Information about very as
companies and their contracts made their way to the US
and Soviet intelligence agencies, so data regarding the allocation of
assets could help predict Germany's movement. In nine thirty seven,
Mildred and Arvid took a trip to the US. This
was a work trip for Arvid. The US was not

(12:17):
yet at war with Germany, and Mildred arranged a concurrent
lecture tour with a topic titled the German relation to
current American literature. This trip was also arranged because Mildred's mother, Georgina,
was ill at the time. Arvid was willing to share
information about German activities, but he was running into a problem.

(12:37):
As a member of the Nazi Party. It was naturally
assumed that he was a Nazi, and while the US
wasn't in the war at this time, that didn't exactly
make anyone in the US government feel especially comfortable trusting him. Additionally,
both Mildred and her husband believed that they might have
been followed by German spies, so they couldn't exactly reveal

(12:58):
that their affiliation with the party was strictly for show.
Arvid was known for his economic study of communism, so
there was a whole second layer of distrust at play.
Also in ninety seven, once they returned to Germany, there
was a personnel change at the U. S Embassy. William
Edward Dodd, whose daughter had been close with Mildred, stepped

(13:19):
down from his position and he was replaced by Hugh R. Wilson.
Mildred and Arvid became good friends with the embassy's new
first Secretary, Donald R. Heath, as well as his family,
and he understood that they were Nazi party in paperwork
only as a ruse, and as tensions mounted in Berlin,
Mildred started tutoring he son, Donald Jr. And it was

(13:41):
through him that she and Arvid were able to pass
information to the US. It wasn't only Arvid's work that
provided intelligence. At one point Mildred was tutoring a German
soldier who, as he came to trust her, became a
little loose lipped on military matters. With this and the
military spending information gained through Arvid's post, they were able

(14:02):
to share critical information regarding Germany's rearmament, which was a
violation of the Treaty of Versailles. In Berlin. They also
disseminated information to other members of the resistance. Mildred illegally
accessed in transcribed foreign radio broadcasts so others in the
movement could know what was happening outside of Germany and

(14:23):
how Hitler's regime was being seen beyond their borders. As
part of their effort to keep a low profile. As
their involvement with the resistance effort escalated, the Harnacks moved
to a new home on the outskirts of the City,
and in their work with the Rhetor Orchestra that Harnacks
worked closely with Haro Schiltze Boizen It's a German Air
Ministry intelligence officer and initially Arvid Harnack thought Schiltze Boizen

(14:47):
was really too dangerous to work with, but he did
have a history of anti Nazi work. His revolutionary views
had gotten him arrested by the Essay when he was younger.
He came to their attention running a leftist periodical called Gegner,
which translates to Opponent. After being beaten severely and having
swastikas carved into his legs, among other tortures which led

(15:09):
to hospitalization, he was finally released through the influence of
his socialite mother. His co editor, Henry er Lange, who
was half Jewish, did not survive this encounter. Schiltza Voisen
is often reported as saying, after this horrific event quote,
I have put my revenge on ice. It was after
that he enrolled in pilot school and joined the German military,

(15:31):
again through his parents influence and apparently true to his word,
because as he appeared the perfect soldier and officer, he
was actually collecting intelligence and feeding it to the spy ring.
He eventually earned a degree of trust from Harnack and Mildred.
As the nineteen thirties came to a close, Arvid had
grown increasingly worried for Mildred's safety because of her foreigner status.

(15:55):
He bought her an open ticket to return to the
US abort a steamship. She refused us to go, but
kept the ticket with her at all times. Her belief
was that she had work to do in Germany, and
she also just didn't want to leave her husband's side.
In the months leading up to June, the Red Orchestra
warned Soviet agents repeatedly about the impending Operation Barbarossa that

(16:19):
was Hitler's plan to invade the Soviet Union, but those
warnings were not heated, and the initial attacks took the
Soviet military by surprise from the top down in the structure.
And for people that were involved in the Red Orchestra,
who had really gone to great effort and endangered themselves
and their families to share this intelligence with the Soviets,
this whole thing was incredibly frustrating. Meanwhile, the Heaths had

(16:42):
been recalled from the US embassy just before the bombing,
of Pearl Harbor led to the US joining the war.
The embassy in Berlin was empty and the network of
informants that had once connected through it was broken. Ultimately,
the Red Orchestra was compromised in the fall of ninety
two biaus sloppy move on the part of the Soviets.

(17:02):
They reached out to a contact in Brussels via radio
and relayed the names and addresses of the Harnacks as
well as other associates advising resistance in Brussels, that they
should contact them in Berlin. That communication was intercepted by
the Germans. The Nazis quickly moved to arrest all of
the members, eventually taking hundreds into custody. Yeah, we're not

(17:26):
going super deep into the Red Orchestra itself, but there
were like it's usually laid out as like three pockets,
and so the Berlin pocket was the one obviously that
the Harnacks were part of. But they were moving to
arrest huge groups of people kind of across the resistance
efforts throughout Europe. Mildred and Arvid went to the Baltic coast,

(17:48):
and there's been speculation that they may have intended to
try to escape to Sweden, knowing that they had been
compromised and were in danger, but if they were making
an escape attempt that failed. They were instead arrested at
the Gestapo at the cottage that they had rented in
a seaside fishing town. Mildred was still carrying the ticket
Arvid had bought her for passage to North America with

(18:09):
the Transatlantic shipping company United States Lines. The Harnacks were
taken to the Gestapo headquarters and interrogated by Nazi agents
known for their use of torture. Mildred was placed in
Charlottenburg Women's Prison, and she was interrogated every day. We're
about to move into the Harnack's time after they were captured,
but before we get into that, we're going to take

(18:31):
a quick break and here from the sponsors that keep
Stuffy miss in history class going. The Harnack's trials were swift,
and they were not particularly interested in actually weighing the evidence.
That was also true for other members of the Red
Orchestra that had been captured. The Germans had long known

(18:55):
that there had to be a spy ring with a
branch operating in Berlin, and as Red Orchestra was un yield,
they felt justified in pursuing the harshest possible penalties for
that activity. Nazi judge Manfred Rhoder oversaw the trials. He
was known as one of Hitler's blood judges, and he
sought the steepest possible penalties. Were all involved in Red Orchestra,

(19:16):
demanding death sentences for most. Arvid was found guilty of
high treason and espionage and was sentenced to death, and
his deep love for Mildred is evident in his last
letter to her, which is dated December four. It opens
with quote, my dear beloved heart, in the last few months,

(19:37):
I found the strength to be inwardly calm and composed.
And when I await that which is coming as calmly
and composed, I have to thank above all the fact
that I feel a strong attachment to all that is
good and beautiful in this world, and that towards the
whole earth. I have the feeling which sings out of
the poet Whitman. As far as people come into the question,

(20:01):
it has been the ones close to me, and especially you,
who embodied these two feelings for me. Despite all the severity,
I look back gladly on my life up to now,
the bright outweighed the dark, and our marriage was, for
the greatest part the reason for this. That letter continues
on Arvid reminisces about moments in their life together, including

(20:24):
the picnic where they got engaged, and also just conversations
with Mildred that shaped the person he was. He tells
her that the more that he thinks about it, the
more good memories he recalls, and he encourages his wife
to reminisce similarly about their marriage and their families to
remember quote that the feelings of love merge in the world,
and then he concluded with quote, you are in my heart.

(20:47):
My greatest wish is that you are happy when you
think of me. I am when I think of you,
many many kisses. I hug you tight your A. Seven
days later was his official sentencing, and he was executed
on December twenty two by hanging at Plots and Z.
It was a particularly brutal hanging. Mildred was not informed

(21:08):
of her husband's death, but knowing that he had been sentenced,
she wrote quote, it can be assumed that I am widowed.
Arvid went to his death knowing that Mildred had been
found guilty of aiding treasonous activities and sentenced to six
years in prison. He had tried to see her one
last time, but that request was denied. Still though he

(21:31):
was confident that she could serve her sentence and then
would one day be free. But what Arvid did not know, uh.
And he also thought at this point that like things
were falling apart enough in in the German military, that
it was going to be over soon, and he kind
of was very hopeful. But he didn't know that Hitler
had called for Mildred to be retried, and while she

(21:52):
was incarcerated, this once lively woman who was so full
of passion for literature and just adoration for her husband,
turn into a much different person. Her hair turned from
blonde to white in a fairly short period of time.
She started to exhibit behavior that is often described as
bordering on madness. She had really withered away to skin

(22:12):
and bone. She was very thin. She at one point
is said to have attempted suicide by swallowing pins. But
despite what was obviously just a time of understandably incredible
stress and sorrow, she also during this time returned to
one of her dearest loves, which is literature and In
her final days, she worked on translating a book of

(22:33):
poems by Gerta in her cell. Chaplin Harold post Chal
visited her, and it's his account that describes her physical
condition that we mentioned just a moment ago. It was
through him that Mildred had Arvid's death confirmed, and that's
how she knew how he had spent his last days
and moments. The chaplain had also smuggled in some family

(22:55):
photos and an orange from Arvid's sister. Mildred kissed her
mother's photo and wrote on the back quote, the face
of my mother expresses everything that I want to say
at this moment. The space was with me all through
these last months. Immediately before her execution by guillotine, Mildred's
last words were, ich haba Deutschland. Also giliped my apologies

(23:18):
from my bad German, but that translates to and I
have loved Germany so much. She was murdered on February
three at sixty seven pm. Mildred fish Harnack had the
sad distinction of being the only American woman executed at
Adolf Hitler's direct order. She was forty years old when
she died, just as Mildred had been uncertain of Arvid's death.

(23:42):
Her death was not confirmed to her family for several months.
A news article ran in the Milwaukee Reader in May
of ninety three under the headline Nazi's victim has kin here.
The article was largely about Mildred's sister Marion, who is
referred to only as Mrs Albert R. Carlson, and who

(24:03):
contacted the paper after having seen another article about her
sister suggesting that she was part of a Soviet plot.
And the article, Marian says that she hadn't heard from
Mildred since August of ninety two and that she's sure
neither Mildred nor Arvid are Communists. She was trying to
reach Mildred through the Red Cross during the period where

(24:23):
Mildred's death wasn't known to her family. They wrote letters
to Berlin hoping they could reach her, promising they would
find the money to bring her home. After Mildred and
Arvid had been executed, their story became confused and twisted
because it was used in propaganda. In being tied to
both the Soviets and the US and maintaining their cover

(24:43):
as members of the Nazi Party, they had unfortunately created
an easy opportunity for all other parties involved to write
their story however they wished. In West Germany they were
characterized as Soviet spies. In East Germany they were made
into legendary heroes of the anti fa ashest Communist regime.
The family did not receive word until September that Mildred

(25:05):
was dead, when all of this was already being put
into play. As the Cold War mounted, The Carnecks were
labeled as Soviet sympathizers and spies by the Nazis who
were working with the US, including Manfred Rhodor, who had
sought the death penalty for both of them during their trials.
Although many people sought to bring Rhodor to justice for

(25:26):
his participation in war crimes, he was viewed as valuable
as an informational asset because of the information he could
provide regarding the Soviet Union. Uh he never faced any
consequences for these actions. Nope. It also didn't matter that
Arvid Harnack had been suspicious of Stalin. His story was

(25:47):
rewritten to suit the Soviets, and both he and Mildred
were issued posthumous medals by the Soviet Union. They also
appeared on Soviet stamps, and an East Berlin High school
was named after Mildred. In late nineteen forty seven, the
University of Wisconsin Alumni magazine broke the story of Mildred's execution.

(26:08):
This was big enough news that other papers reported on
the alumni magazine getting the scoop. The Sheboygan Press ran
the story under the headline state girl was beheaded by
Hitler's personal edict. The story covers the details in pretty
broad strokes. When it came out, the Alumni magazine was
still a week away from shipping. It concludes with quote.

(26:29):
The magazine reported it had learned most of the details
of the executions from records of the U S. Office
of Military Government. Other papers picked up the story, and
soon Mildred's death was recounted and reported all over the US. Yeah,
Urvid's death had been known since he had been sentenced
to death, but that whole weird second trial situation UH

(26:50):
meant that Mildred's just kind of got buried, And an
investigation into Mildred's case had actually started in the US
in ninety six under the oversight of the U. S.
Army Counter Intelligence Corps. At the end of the year,
the FBI also began an investigation into the matter, and
the CIA also had files on Mildred and other members
of the Red Orchestra, which were seated by lists that

(27:12):
had appeared in Gestapo paperwork. When the CIA file was
released in nineteen seventy six under the Freedom of Information Act,
Mildred's entry was quite brief. It stated her year of birth,
her attendance at the University at Wisconsin, and that she
was quote in sympathy with her husband's devotion to communism.

(27:32):
And while there was an early effort, also in ninety
six to investigate whether Mildred had been denied due process,
which would have been a war crime, it was determined
that there had been enough evidence to convict her and
sentenced her to death. The military's investigation was closed with
a memo from a Lieutenant Colonel Ellis written on January
fifty seven, which simply reads, quote, this case is classified

(27:56):
special reference and should not have been referred for investigation.
Ship withdraw case from Detachment D, and do not continue
the investigation. It wasn't until the Berlin Wall fell and
Germany was reunited that researchers and scholars were able to
work together to uncover a fuller picture of Mildred's story.
Since then, she's been honored in a number of ways,

(28:18):
both in Germany and in Wisconsin, including with plaques marking
pivotal locations in her life and streets being named after her. Yeah,
there are a lot um that. So I didn't make
a long list because then it would just be us
listing streets. Uh. In Mildred was memorialized with a statue
in Madison, Wisconsin, which was created by architect John derbro

(28:41):
It was placed on October thirty one of that year,
and the formal dedication took place on July twelve, nineteen
September sixt Mildred's birthday is also recognized as Mildred Harnack
Day in the state of Wisconsin. That is the sad
story of Mildred fish Harneck Street. Heartbreaking. Why did I picket?
I don't know. I just felt like crying today. I

(29:03):
guess do you have some some less tearful listener mail?
It actually is tearful, but it's so sweet and I
wanted to make sure that I congratulated this person. Um.
This is from our listener McKenna, who it actually says
crying over Disney ads. Uh. Right so high to Holly
and Tracy. Like most people, I've been looking for a

(29:23):
reason to write that I should have just written to
tell you how amazing you are, But that time has
finally come. In April, I was listening to your classic
on the Haunted Mansion. I had just graduated college in
the middle of a pandemic and was accepted to the
Disney College Program. I was a public health major and
could tell the program was going to be suspended for
a while, so listening to the episode was bitter sweet.

(29:45):
Cut to almost a year and a half later, and
the program is back on. I was painting and listening
to your podcasts when your ad for Disney came on.
I learned the day before that I would be working
at Disney's Hollywood Studios. When you mentioned it in the ad,
I started crying. Oh, this makes me so happy for her.
I'm getting choked up. I felt like we had come
full circle. Disney episode and it was canceled Disney commercial

(30:08):
when it started again. I'm actually leaving in less than
twenty four hours and listening to the podcast while I
pack and finished some last minute projects to calm my nerves.
Thank you for the countless hours of entertainment and for
just being the best. Now, for the best part of
the email, I have included a picture of my dogs
and my sister on the fourth of July, the only
day they're allowed on the couch. From left to right, Bentley, Skeeter,

(30:28):
and Lincoln, who is our pandemic puppy, who also responds
to Mandy Patinkin. Thank you again and stay healthy McKenna. McKenna, congratulations.
I hope you have so much fun. I have a
deep love for Hollywood Studios, even before it became the
Star Wars Park, so I'm super excited for you. I
hope this is amazing. I love how your selection of
dogs hits all of the various cute flavors, Like you

(30:50):
have the cutee leffy dog, you have the cute kind
of like houndy, short hair, and then just a big
what looks like a cuddle bunny of love. And I
love that he responds to Mandy Patinkin. Um, I hope
this is the most amazing experience for you, and I'm
so happy that we're kind of a little part of
of of how you will market in your life. So um,
thank you for emailing us. Thank you for sharing that

(31:11):
with us, and again, I'm so happy for you. If
you would like to email us something we're celebrating, or
just your thoughts on this episode or any other, you
can do that at History Podcast at iHeart radio dot com.
You can also find us on social media as Missed
in History. You can subscribe to the podcast on the
i heeart radio app, or wherever you listen to your
favorite shows. Stuff you Missed in History Class is a

(31:37):
production of I heart Radio. For more podcasts from I
heart Radio, visit the i heart radio app, Apple Podcasts,
or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.