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May 12, 2026 17 mins

On this episode of Our American Stories, The War of 1812 nearly broke the young United States apart. Washington and the White House burned, New England leaders talked openly of secession, and the future of the country looked uncertain at best. In the 19th episode of our ongoing Story of Us, Story of America series, historian and Land of Hope author Bill McClay shares how a forgotten war with no clear victor helped forge a new national identity and set the United States on the path toward industrial growth, westward expansion, and the rise of Andrew Jackson.

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Speaker 1 (00:10):
This is Lee Habib and this is our American Stories,
the show where America is the star and the American people.
Up next another installment of our series about Us, the
Story of America series with Professor Bill McLay, author of
the terrific book Land of Hope. He's also a professor
at Hillsdale College. And by the way, you can go

(00:30):
to our website and find all of the stories of
the Story of Us. We cover and will cover the
entire history of the United States with the best in
the business. Right now again, that's Professor Bill McClay. You
can go to Ouramericanstories dot com to find the Story
of Us series. America was changing by the time Thomas

(00:53):
Jefferson left office in eighteen twelve. It was becoming a
more modern nation. Many of the problems that had plagued
Jeffer refused to go away. Let's get into the story,
take it away, Bill.

Speaker 2 (01:07):
Jefferson's two terms as president ended in eighteen oh nine,
but America's problems with the British did not end.

Speaker 3 (01:17):
As James Madison took.

Speaker 2 (01:19):
Office, he found himself no match for the forces gathering
on all sides to overwhelm him. He couldn't Marshal a
policy resolution with forces outside the country, but he was
also struggling with growing divisions inside the country. So it

(01:42):
may have been an era of good feelings, as historians
sometimes say, but it was mixed feelings at best. Frontier
settlers were ambitious and restless. They wanted to expand, they
wanted to.

Speaker 3 (02:01):
Move westward into new territory.

Speaker 2 (02:03):
And when they did so, when that push came, increasing
resistance and resentment came from the Indian tribes occupying those areas,
and this prompted to come to the Great Shawnee leader
to attempt a unification of his own, a unification of
all the tribes east of the Mississippi into one large

(02:25):
Indian confederation of power, one unified army of tribes. Much
of the Indian hostility was blamed by Americans on the British.
At the very same time, a gaggle of Republican congressmen
who were known as the Warhawks, were held bent on
invading Canada. Poor James Madison, he was in the middle

(02:48):
of all this irreconcilable and fervent mess. By eighteen twelve,
war was declared, despite the fact that British had decided
unbenign to the Americans to end its efforts to ward
American shipping and commerce. Luckily for America, the British were
still preoccupied with the French and with Napoleon. His ambitions

(03:11):
in Europe, or the War of eighteen twelve as it
became known, would have had a much different and much
worse outcome for America. And things changed after Napoleon was
finally defeated in eighteen fourteen. The British compiled a series

(03:34):
of wins against the new Nation, one of which included
the sacking and burning of Washington, DC, a humiliating, catastrophic loss.
It must be noted also that and Madison faced real pressure.

Speaker 3 (03:51):
From the Federalists in the Northern States, who had a
different name for the War of eighteen twelve.

Speaker 2 (03:56):
They called it mister Madison's War, and they were so disgruntled,
these opponents of the war, that they contemplated a gathering
of the New England States, just the scene from the
Union nearly fifty years before the.

Speaker 3 (04:12):
Southern States did just that.

Speaker 2 (04:15):
The nation continued to be frail, divided, with a future
in peril.

Speaker 3 (04:20):
There was only one unforeseen glimmer of light.

Speaker 2 (04:24):
That was the American victory in New Orleans. The British
plan was simple, take New Orleans and cut the West
off from the rest of America. General Andrew Jackson assembled
a rag tank army filled with the combination of militiamen,
Free Blacks, French Creoles, and others. The British viewed it

(04:47):
as obviously inferior to theirs. That would prove to be
an error on their part.

Speaker 3 (04:54):
Jackson's army and Jackson himself were more than equal to
the task.

Speaker 2 (04:58):
They won a resounding through superior firepower, both the legendary
hunters of Kentucky. It would become the central people in
a campaign song of Jackson, so he ran for president.

Speaker 3 (05:11):
So it was a great victory.

Speaker 2 (05:14):
The ironic thing is that this important victory had no
direct military political consequence. The war was over, the treaty
again had been signed. Across the ocean, peace had been restored.
It's just that the people in New Orleans didn't.

Speaker 3 (05:31):
Know about it.

Speaker 2 (05:32):
Transatlantic communication being what it was, there was no trans
atlantic telegraph or cable been laid. Nothing like that existed,
so there was a lengthy delay of information going back
and forth. So really the victory in New Orleans made
no difference in the terms of by which the War

(05:53):
of eighteen twelve was set, But it made a huge
difference in the outlook of the American people.

Speaker 3 (05:59):
They saw as a great victory.

Speaker 2 (06:01):
They saw Jackson as arguably the first great national military hero.

Speaker 3 (06:08):
The first, perhaps is Washington himself.

Speaker 1 (06:15):
Man, you've been listening to Professor Bill McLay tell the
story of James Madison's presidency, and he's caught. As you're
finding out here, almost every president stepped into a mess
with competing interests, conflicting interests that seemed irreconcilable. Does that
sound familiar? And what we learn in the end is
that war breaks out once again with the British, and

(06:37):
it's Andrew Jackson, the first national military hero to arise
in our ranks since George Washington comes to the rescue.
A huge victory for America, but it didn't make that
big a difference in Madison's presidency. When we come back
more of the remarkable story of the story of America.
Here on our American story. This is Lee Hibibe, and

(07:15):
this is our American stories, and all of our history
stories are brought to us by our generous sponsors, including
Hillsdale College, where students go to learn all the things
that are beautiful in life and all the things that
matter in life. If you can't get to Hillsdale, Hillsdale
will come to you with their free and terrific online courses.

(07:35):
Go to Hillsdale dot edu. That's Hillsdale dot edu. And

(08:09):
we returned to our American Stories and the Story of
America series with Professor Bill McLay, author of the terrific
book Land of Hope and also the author of the
Young Readers Edition version by both of them in Amazon
or wherever you get your books. When we last left off,
the War of eighteen twelve had rocked America, and although
our nation's capital would be burned to the ground, we

(08:30):
still had a rapidly changing nation. Let's return to the story.
Here again is Bill McLay.

Speaker 3 (08:38):
With the War of eighteen twelve behind America.

Speaker 2 (08:40):
The new nation was for the first time free of
any entanglements with the European nations.

Speaker 4 (08:45):
And it could finally focus on its own ambitions, its
own issues, its own internal troubles, without being distracted by
foreign foes or meddlers or disturbances.

Speaker 3 (09:00):
So the moment had come that had been awaited.

Speaker 2 (09:03):
Since America's birth, and the nation was now nearly fifty
years old, but it was finally able to control its
own destiny. This would reach fruition of sorts in a
US policy, a doctrine that would come to be known

(09:23):
as the Monroe Doctrine, associated with the presidency of James Monroe.

Speaker 3 (09:30):
It was a simple doctor.

Speaker 2 (09:31):
And went like this, going forward into the future, that
America would consider any effort by Europe to colonize any
part of the Western Hemisphere an attack on the United
States and affront to the United.

Speaker 3 (09:46):
States off limits.

Speaker 2 (09:48):
Now along with that came a complementary promise to Europe.

Speaker 3 (09:53):
In short, we would keep our.

Speaker 2 (09:55):
Nose out of Europe's business, and Europe would keep its
nose out of our There's an underlying message in the
Monroe doctrine, its consequential, as.

Speaker 3 (10:05):
He was profound.

Speaker 2 (10:06):
The new nation was declaring to the world and particularly
to Europe, that we were there. It was a bit bold,
after all, America had no legal standing to assert these
claims and no real military power to back them up.
We didn't have a navy to speak of. Thus, the principles.

Speaker 3 (10:27):
Embodied in the Munroe doctrine were shaky.

Speaker 2 (10:32):
But they prevailed, they prevailed in the longer they prevailed,
the stronger they became. They eventually became the bedrock of
our nation's foreign policy well into the twentieth century, which
is a remarkable thing in and of itself. Now, the
most important and urgent underlying claim of the Monroe doctrine
was this idea that the nation could now pursue its

(10:55):
own destiny, its own identity, unfettered dured.

Speaker 3 (11:00):
By outside influences.

Speaker 2 (11:02):
This was a great encouragement to national self consciousness. It
gave you a great deepening to the growing sense of
national pride, of nationalism, national identity, and an American identity
and economy, and it become clear that it was going

(11:22):
to be a national economy. And given that, given the
national economy of a geographically rather large nation, what would
be the best way to foster growth? A representative Henry
Clay had some great ideas about it, and though a
member of Jefferson's Republican Party at that time, his ideas

(11:43):
had much more in common with Jefferson's rival Alexander Hamilton.
Among them tariffs to protect the American industry, and what we
would today call a big infrastructure project that would include
the building of roads and now's railroads all over and
eye between improving commerce among and between the states.

Speaker 3 (12:08):
And the world.

Speaker 2 (12:18):
There was support for these federal improvement projects in the West,
which stood to benefit from them, but the older Eastern
states were less pleased. Manson himself vetoed a bill for
the establishment of a large transportation fund, citing its unconstitutionality.
Only one road, the Old National Road, resulted from the

(12:42):
efforts to improve American infrastructure at this time. That's the
road now known today as old the US Route forty.
This left the states and the voters in those states,
along with private business, to get done the work of
business and commerce. Those infrastructure projects too, and there was

(13:02):
an explosion of waterway construction projects. One such project worth
discussing in detail the construction of the three hundred and
sixty three mile long Erie Canal, a work of engineering genius.

Speaker 3 (13:22):
Until then, the longest canal ever built was twenty seven
miles long.

Speaker 2 (13:26):
Just to give some context to the scope of the
project and the ambition behind it was a politician with
real vision, Governor DeWitt.

Speaker 3 (13:36):
Clinton of New York.

Speaker 2 (13:38):
He convinced the New York State legislature to commit seven million.

Speaker 3 (13:42):
Dollars, and that was a lot of money in those days,
a lot of money to.

Speaker 2 (13:46):
Construct what many of the time thought was a very
expensive ditch, and the eight year project was properly known
at the time as Clinton's folly. But Clinton had a vision.
He predicted that the building of the canal would turn
New York City into and I quote, the granary of
the world, the emporium of commerce, the seat of manufacturers,

(14:11):
and the focus of great money operations. The whole of Manhattan,
covered with habitations and replenished with dense populations will constitute
one's vast city close quote.

Speaker 3 (14:26):
Well, that's pretty prophetic.

Speaker 2 (14:28):
The Erie Canal started construction in eighteen seventeen, and by
eighteen twenty five it connected the American interior with its coasts,
which would lead to remarkable growth all over America and
the destination for most of the canal's traffic. New York
City would soon become America's greatest center of commerce, just

(14:51):
as Governor Clinton had predicted.

Speaker 3 (14:55):
But it was not just canals being built.

Speaker 2 (14:57):
The first railways were being built in the eighteen twenties,
and they would compete with the canals as shipping lanes
and platforms all their own, and they would turn Western
towns like Chicago into commerce powerhouses, along with canals and
realized or other significant developments. There was Samuel Slater, whose

(15:21):
factory innovations and systems changed textile made effecture.

Speaker 3 (15:26):
Eli Whitney's cotton gin, which made short staple.

Speaker 2 (15:29):
Cotton into a commercially viable product and would make cotton
king in the South. John Fitch and Robert Fulton's in
innovations and steam technology and other inventions like that would
usher in an era of economic growth unrivaled in American history.

(15:51):
There were also big innovations in law and finance, the
biggest of them being state laws that created corporations legal
entities that allowed for the pooling by multiple individuals of
the vast sums of capital required to build factories and

(16:12):
commercial enterprises of a growing nation.

Speaker 3 (16:16):
All of this was transforming American life.

Speaker 2 (16:19):
Changes in law, technology, transportation, and commerce, Jefferson's ideal of
a nation of small, independent farmers, and the independence and
self reliance that such a way of.

Speaker 3 (16:31):
Life would engender. Eh this was changing.

Speaker 2 (16:35):
America was becoming a nation of growing economic interconnectedness. The
combination of these things made the nation unique and exceptional.
And would help to create a national spirit, national ethos,
But there were still important unresolved problems.

Speaker 3 (16:57):
One of them a huge unresolved this shit and you
know what it is, slavery.

Speaker 1 (17:09):
And a terrific job on the production, editing and storytelling
by our own Monte Montgomery And a special thanks to
Professor Bill McLay who teaches at Hillsdale College. What a
story Bill McLay was telling about the development of the
American identity, American commerce. It's still that one lingering sin
sitting there waiting to be addressed, and that's slavery. The

(17:31):
story of us with Bill McLay here on our American
Stories
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Host

Lee Habeeb

Lee Habeeb

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