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February 16, 2026 17 mins

On this episode of Our American Stories, the story of Rosa Parks is often reduced to a single moment on a Montgomery bus. But here, in her own voice, Rosa Parks tells the fuller story of what led to that decision and what followed. Through rare audio from Felicia Bell, the director of the Rosa Parks Museum, Parks herself explains how segregation shaped every part of daily life in the South, why she was actually seated legally that day, and how her refusal to move from that seat became the spark that set off a year-long boycott that changed American history forever.

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Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:10):
This is Lee Habib and this is our American Stories,
the show where America is the star and the American people.
Up next, the story of the American woman most well
known for challenging segregation and on in the South. Here's
Felicia Bell to tell the story. She's the director of

(00:31):
the Rosa Parks Museum. You'll also be hearing from Rosa
Parks herself.

Speaker 2 (00:36):
Segregation was an intense, rigid system of separating blacks and whites,
and I mean down to the cemeteries, down to the
pages in the phone books were separated by black people
and white people. So everything, every aspect of life, even

(00:59):
in entrances to buildings, the colored entrances were smaller doorways
or lower steps, separate water fountain, separate facilities for everything.
Every aspect of life was meant to keep black folks
suppressed and oppressed. So the effects of segregation on mister

(01:25):
and mssus Parks was one that they witnessed among their friends.
They saw how, for instance, she was not the first
woman black women to be arrested. They saw other women
in the community being harassed by these bus drivers. They saw,

(01:45):
you know, the effects of children being harassed. It was
just before her arrest was the Brown decision so desegregating
public schools, which did not immediately take place.

Speaker 3 (01:59):
I left WHAT on my way home December first, nineteen
fifty five, about six o'clock in the afternoon, I avoted
the bus downtown Montgomery on Coach Square.

Speaker 4 (02:13):
As the UH bus proceeded out of.

Speaker 3 (02:16):
Town on the third stop, the white passengers had filled
the front of the bus. When I got on the bus,
the rear was filled with UH colored passengers and they
were beginning to stand. The seat I occupied was the

(02:38):
face of the seats where the Negro passengers UH take
as a on this route. The driver noted that the
front of the bus was qu filled with white passengers
and there would be of two or three men standing.
He looked back and asked that the seat where I

(03:00):
had taken, along with three other persons, one in the
seat with me and two across I was seated. He
demanded the seats that we were occupying. The other passengers
very reluctantly gave up their seats, but I refused to
do so. I wanted to m make very satan that

(03:20):
it is understood that I had not taken a seat
in the white section.

Speaker 4 (03:25):
As has been.

Speaker 3 (03:26):
Reported in many cases, the seat where I occupied, we
were in the custom of taking this seat on the
way home, even though at times on this on the
same bus route we occupied the same seat with white
standing if there space had been taken up, the seats

(03:49):
had been taken up, and I was very much surprised
at the driver at this point demanded that I removed
myself from the seat.

Speaker 2 (03:59):
These bus drivers have policing powers, so they have firearms.
Sometimes these firearms actually went all phone buses, and they
had policing power to have you arrested. So when he
asked her to give up her seat, he was actually
in the wrong because she was seated legally. That was

(04:22):
a decision mister Blake made on his own to make
her get out of her seat because she was not
seated illegally. Six months or so prior to this moment,
Missus Parks was at the Highlander Folks School in Tennessee,
and there was where she trained on UH civil disobedience

(04:47):
and UH peaceful protest. They held integrated workshops and this
was her first time in a classroom setting with white people,
and she quite enjoyed it. Uh maybe at tim a
little bit at first, but then she really enjoyed the sessions,
and that's where they trained and learned about how to

(05:08):
resist segregation and unjust laws peacefully. So she was already,
you know, trained in that. So when the driver told
her to get out of her seat, she just simply
said no. That was part of the training to always
search yourself clearly and in simple terms. And then the

(05:31):
driver said, if you don't get out of your seat
something till they figure, I'll have you arrested, and.

Speaker 5 (05:36):
And then she just said you may do that.

Speaker 3 (05:41):
She did, and when they came, they placed me under
wrist and I was bond veiled out shortly after the arrest,
and the trial was held December fifth, on the next Monday,
and the protest began from that day. I don't know

(06:05):
why I wasn't, but I didn't feel afraid. I had
decided that I would have to know once and for
all what rights I had as a human being and
a citizen, even in Montgomery, Alabama.

Speaker 2 (06:23):
One misconception is that missus Parks was tired when she
got off of work and that's why she didn't give
up her seat.

Speaker 5 (06:32):
She was not.

Speaker 2 (06:34):
She didn't not give up her seat because she was tired.
She didn't give up her seat because she was resisting segregation.
And so when we say her feet were tired, it
diminishes all It just erases all of that.

Speaker 1 (06:53):
And you've been listening to Felicia Bell, director of the
Rosa Parks Museum and Rosa Parks herself tell her story.
I had to know once and for all what rights
I had as a human being, even in Montgomery, Alabama.
Rosa Park said. That's why she did what she did.
She wasn't tired, she was sick and tired. When we

(07:16):
come back more of Rosa Park's story here on Our
American Stories. This is Lee Habib, host of our American Stories.
Every day we set out to tell the stories of
Americans past and present, from small towns to big cities

(07:37):
and from all walks of life doing extraordinary things. But
we truly can't do this show without you. Our shows
are free to listen to, but they're not free to make.
If you love what you hear, go to our American
Stories dot com and make a donation to keep the
stories coming. That's our American Stories dot Com. And we

(08:09):
returned to Our American Stories and to Felicia Bell, director
of the Rosa Parks Museum, and we're picking up with
Rosa Parks herself.

Speaker 3 (08:20):
I hadn't thought that I would be the person to
do this say, it hadn't occurred to me.

Speaker 4 (08:25):
In our area.

Speaker 3 (08:27):
We always try to avoid trouble and be as careful
as possible to stay out of trouble. And along this line,
the time had just come when I had been pushed
as far as I could stand to be pushed.

Speaker 4 (08:42):
I suppose.

Speaker 3 (08:44):
From the time of the rest on Thursday night and
Friday and Saturday and Sunday, the weight had gotten around
over Montgomery of my arrest because of this incident, and
people just begin to decide that they wouldn't uh ride
the bus. On the day of my trial, which was

(09:06):
uh Monday, December fifth, and the Monday morning when the
buses were out on the regular run, they remained empty
and people were walking, uh getting rides and cars with
people who had picked them up as best they could.

(09:27):
On Monday night, the mass meeting at the Whole Street
Baptist Church had been called and there were many thousand
people there. They kept coming and some people never did
get in the church.

Speaker 4 (09:42):
There were so many and the.

Speaker 3 (09:44):
First day of remaining off the bus had been so successful.

Speaker 4 (09:49):
It was organized then that.

Speaker 3 (09:53):
We wouldn't uh ride the bus until our requests had
been granted.

Speaker 2 (10:00):
The Montgomery Improvement Association met had a mass meeting at
Whole Street Baptist Church, and a young pastor of Dexter
Avenue Church who was new in town and had a young.

Speaker 5 (10:15):
Family and a wife.

Speaker 2 (10:17):
He was there as well, and his name was doctor
Martin Luther King, and he led the meeting.

Speaker 6 (10:27):
Had happened to a persona.

Speaker 7 (10:32):
My mother comes down the bounds.

Speaker 6 (10:36):
Reach truck in pegrity. My mother comes down, nobody comes
down to put the young commitment of the grand come
to the teaching to des allright, not hap sin the
ur happened. It happen to a person I was serving

(10:59):
in the community.

Speaker 8 (11:01):
The fine could be impression, trunning, get that and inter
the entire for that and.

Speaker 6 (11:11):
Turned across the refused to get off. He never rush
you know that.

Speaker 8 (11:18):
Comfort tie what people were taking.

Speaker 5 (11:22):
Over at this mass meeting.

Speaker 2 (11:30):
Also they decided what demands they wanted out of this
what would be a boycott, a three hundred and eighty
two day boycott. So one of those demands was to
be treated with respect as passengers. Then Also they wanted
African American men to be hired as bus drivers on
city buses, so that was actually a job for a

(11:52):
white men. Black men couldn't be bus drivers, so that
was one of their demands. And thirdly, they wanted for
first come, first service seating on buses.

Speaker 3 (12:06):
I feel they kept on walking because I was not
the only person who had been mistreated and humiliated. Others
had gone through the same experience, some even waste experience
than mind, and they all felt that the time had come.

Speaker 4 (12:25):
That they should decide that.

Speaker 3 (12:29):
We would have to stop supporting the bus company until
we were given better service.

Speaker 2 (12:39):
All four seasons of weather, walking in the rain and
the cold and the heat, taking carpools, and there were
all kinds of obstacles in terms of taxis being banned
or insurance companies not ensuring taxis, so they couldn't have
taxi service. So they set up a system of pick

(13:02):
up locations through the city and you could catch a ride.

Speaker 5 (13:08):
In what were called rolling churches.

Speaker 2 (13:10):
So uh, these were station wagons with the names of
churches on the side of them where the church is
sponsored that station wagon, and then you would be picked
up and then rather than paying that driver, which that
would make it a taxi and illegal.

Speaker 5 (13:25):
You would just put money.

Speaker 2 (13:26):
In the offering of a church on Sunday that was
on the side of the vehicle. So then that way
that money paid for the gas and the maintenance and
the driver and that. So they there was strategy involved
with the protest, and they met frequently. It wasn't just
we're not going to ride the buses. There was a

(13:47):
lot of strategy involved in the process and making it successful.

Speaker 7 (14:00):
That's the same that we are not here advocating balance.
We demoved them that I wanted to be known some
of handractic.

Speaker 6 (14:13):
Nations that we are Christian people. We believe in the
Christian religion.

Speaker 8 (14:23):
We believe in the teachings of Jesus' the word.

Speaker 1 (14:28):
That we have our words.

Speaker 7 (14:29):
This even is the work of project that would eve
the money made the mona who will stand up.

Speaker 6 (14:37):
And define the constitution of this nation. We on the
symbol here you talking out DIVI to see right.

Speaker 4 (14:49):
Ship for Missus Parks.

Speaker 9 (14:55):
How did it happen to become the kind of religious
movement it became, or at least we seem to understand
it as a kind of a religious movement.

Speaker 4 (15:03):
There's the talking of walking and praying.

Speaker 9 (15:06):
There's the the whole appeal to the religious peaceful aspects,
and of course a number of ministris have taken a
very active part in the leadership.

Speaker 4 (15:16):
How did this come about?

Speaker 3 (15:20):
I think this came about because the ministers were very
much interested in it, and we had our meetings in
the churches and we felt that nothing could be gained
by violence or threats of a belligerent attitude. We believe

(15:41):
that more could be accomplished through the non violent passive resistance.

Speaker 4 (15:47):
We had no carl with anyone. We only want to.

Speaker 3 (15:53):
Stop riding the buses until we are treated as any
other passenger.

Speaker 2 (16:01):
You know. Really, the civil rights movement in general, I
think you could say was largely led by people who
were very faith conscious.

Speaker 5 (16:13):
You know, from doctor King on down.

Speaker 2 (16:16):
There were many people clerical members who were leaders in
the movement and in general, I think the sense of
faith and the principles of Christianity, I think is what
shaped the non violent civil rights movement.

Speaker 1 (16:36):
And a terrific job on the production, editing and storytelling
by our own Madison Dericott, and a special thanks to
Felicia Bell, director of the Rosa Parks Museum, and it
was so good to hear from Rosa Parks herself and
a very young pastor at the time the Dexter Avenue
Baptist Church in Montgomery. He would become the Martin Luther King.

(16:56):
We all know there he was young and leading and
eating the Christian way that was demanding, commanding that we
do it Jesus's way, and that is the nonviolent way.
And as Rosa Parks also added, belligerence wasn't going to
get us anywhere. And my goodness, the role of the
church has served shuttling people back and forth from work.

(17:18):
Is how was one to get from here to there
in a city without getting on its bus or buses
and this was a year long bus boycott and without
the role of the church playing not only a spiritual part,
but also a logistics part, a strategic part. Again, the
role of faith in this country can never ever be underestimated.

(17:42):
The story of Rosa Parks, the woman who took on segregation.
Here on our American Stories
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Lee Habeeb

Lee Habeeb

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