Kratom and 7-OH: What Clinicians Need to Know

In this episode of ASAM Practice Pearls, Dr. Stephen Taylor hosts researchers Dr. Kirsten Smith and Katie Hill to explore the rapidly evolving landscape of kratom and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH). They examine kratom’s complex pharmacology, review current research on kratom and 7-OH, discuss kratom’s addiction potential, withdrawal patterns, and the challenges of kratom in the clinical setting. The episode provides listeners with a basic understanding of kratom and 7-OH products, helping clinicians better understand where to begin when treating patients who use kratom and kratom-derived products.

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Stephen M. Taylor, MD, MPH, DFAPA, DFASAM

Dr. Stephen M. Taylor is ASAM's President and is board-certified in general psychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry, addiction psychiatry, and addiction medicine. With over 30 years of practice experience, Dr. Taylor is dedicated to helping adolescents and adults overcome addiction and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. He has served as the Medical Director of the NBA and NBPA Player Assistance and Anti-Drug Program for 16 years and is the Chief Medical Officer of Pathway Healthcare, which operates multiple outpatient addiction and mental health treatment offices across six states.

Expert

Kirsten Smith, PhD, LMSW  

Dr. Kirsten Smith is a leading expert on kratom, with over 90 peer-reviewed publications on kratom and related topics like kava and tianeptine. From 2023-2025, she was an Assistant Professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine’s Department of Psychiatry. She joined Hopkins after earning her Master’s from the University of Kentucky, PhD from the University of Louisville, and completing a 4-year postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP). At NIDA IRP, she completed her K99-funded project that involved a national ecological momentary assessment of daily kratom use and a controlled drug administration sub-study that investigated the acute effects of commercial kratom products. Her R00-funded study at Johns Hopkins examined kratom pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of kratom and assessed spontaneous kratom withdrawal among chronic consumers. She also received an R01 to study the safety, tolerability, and abuse potential of kratom in healthy adults, which is ongoing. She has conducted surveys and qualitative research on kratom and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH). Dr. Smith is currently transitioning from academia to clinical practice but consults on kratom regularly and welcomes opportunities for collaboration.

Disclosure: There are no relevant financial relationships. 

Expert

Katherine Hill, MPH  

Katherine (Katie) Hill is a PhD candidate in Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases at Yale School of Public Health. Her research interests include substance use and harm reduction. Her doctoral research employs mixed methods to evaluate the impact of emerging substances, such as xylazine and kratom, on people who use drugs. 

Disclosure: There are no relevant financial relationships. 

📖 Show Segments

• 00:05 - Introduction 
• 01:49 - Defining Kratom 
• 04:42 - Consumers of Kratom
• 05:48 - Is Kratom an Opioid
• 07:29 - Differences Between Kratom and 7-OH
• 11:39 - Addiction Potential
• 16:50 - Toxicity, Acute Intoxication, and Toxidrome
• 18:55 - 7-OH Withdrawal and Overdose
• 24:16 -  Patient History and Assessment 
• 26:25 - Practice Pearls for Clinicians
• 30:48 - Patient Motivations and Harm Reduction
• 33:03 - Conclusion and Additional Learning Opportunity 

📋 Key Takeaways

• “Kratom” is often used as a broad term for kratom-derived products: Kratom can refer to powdered leaves, capsules, teas, concentrated extracts, or semi-synthetic 7-OH products, many of which may also contain caffeine, kava, CBD, or other additives. When a patient says they use "kratom," it provides little clinical clarity. Clinicians need to ask which product, form, and brand the patient is using to better understand their usage patterns. 
• Understand the product your patient is using: Product composition, pot