Episode Transcript
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Testing T2, hi guys, this isVicky from SheChangedHistory.
This is my mum's spare bedroom.
It's beautiful.
I've got my little podcast setup here.
Simon was meant to be joining meand he's come down with the
norovirus on Christmas Eve.
Can you believe it?
(00:29):
So yes, obviously he's not upfor recording today.
What we were going to do withour final episode of the year,
because this will come out onNews Eve is like women of 2024.
So who changed history in 2024?
And we both picked someone.
Like a little rundown on womenthat we thought were amazing in
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2024.
Um, I'm still going to give youmy story because we can't leave
you hanging.
You guys have been so supportiveand amazing for all of us since
we launched back in November.
And yeah, so today will probablysound a little bit different.
You've got my Dorset tones inyour ears.
We still might do Simon's atsome point.
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but we thought we couldn't passup this opportunity to celebrate
women who have achieved so muchin 2024.
And yeah, we want to thank youas well.
This idea originally came from aFinancial Times article called,
let me just get the name, Womenof 2024.
of the women on that article wasClaudia Shinebaum Pardo.
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And Yeah, let's get into it.
So what if the future ofpolitics was shaped not by
career politicians, but byscientists and activists?
Meet Claudia Champa, Mexican'sfirst female president and
former scientist who shatteredglass ceilings while tackling
some of the world's toughestchallenges, from growing up amid
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protests and political upheaval,to reshaping Mexico City, and
now leading a nation.
Her story is a fascinating mixof intellect, grit, and
unwavering vision.
Get ready to discover how ayoung girl, inspired by
activism, grew into a leaderconfronting global trade wars
and climate crises head on.
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Yes, so I hope you're ready.
We've got some sources today.
One is a financial Timesarticle, There's a Britannica
article The nation.
com article by Arturo Cannon.
That was really good.
So, let's dive into it.
Claudia Jean Barne was born onJune the 24th, 1962, in Mexico
City, Mexico.
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She's actually the seconddaughter of Ani Pardo Kemo, who
is a biologist and professor,emeritus at National Autonomous
University of Mexico.
U N A M.
Her dad was a guy called, uh,Carlos Scheinbaum and he is also
a chemical engineer.
So you can see already there'slots of scientist background,
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but actually, Claudia is quotedas saying, Quote, in my house,
politics was discussed atbreakfast, lunch, and dinner.
unquote.
So you can see there that itwasn't just science, it was
definitely, politicaldiscussions were taking place,
and influencing her when she wasa little girl.
Another really important thingthat influenced Claudia as she
was growing up, was for severalmonths in 1968, thousands of
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young Mexicans, marched thestreets shouting demands the
reason the students wererallying was because they were
standing peacefully, it's reallyimportant to note, peacefully
against the Mexican government.
so Mexico has only had one ruleof party politically up till
that point.
So this party, InstitutionalRevolutionary Party has been in
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control since 1929, and ended upenforcing a lot of suppression,
both economically andpolitically, so in 1968, Mexico
is also due to hold the SummerOlympics.
So quite a big thing for thecity, and some would argue
they're not focusing on theircurrent citizens, they're
focusing on their outward imageto the world.
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Part of the government worryingabout that external image of the
world was, ten days before theOlympics.
The government, who wascurrently run by Eustavos Diaz
Ordez, brought, the peacefulmovement to a halt, with a huge
massacre in Tata local, whichkilled more than 300 students
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and arrested thousands more.
These numbers are debated, but,it's It doesn't take away from
the fact that it was such a big,event in the city and such a big
loss, to the population.
What ended up happening is thatbecause Claudia's parents were
so politically involved, theyactually ended up, visiting the
prisoners.
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So she's quote of saying, quote,we brought the prisoners
something to eat, unquote.
They regularly visited theprisons.
And one of the prisoners.
That Claudia's parents visited alot was a guy called Roul
Alavers Garren, who is a reallyimportant figure in Claudia's
story.
He ended up becoming herpolitical mentor later down the
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line because one thing he did inprison was he ended up setting
up a magazine, like, newspaperin the prison.
And when he was out of prison heactually gave birth to a
movement in which, Claudia endedup, that was like her first
experience of active socialismherself, was with the movement
that Garion formed.
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straight out of prison calledthe Student Committee of Worker
Peasant Solidarity.
So she brought him things to eatand then ended up joining his
movements.
Another little word on AlvarezGarin was that he was one of the
main leaders of the youthmovement and he was also a
friend of Claudia's mother,Claudia's mother herself had
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been victim as part of thismovement.
She actually had been fired fromher role at the National
Polytechnic Institute.
The reason she was fired was forsupporting students.
In 1978, when Claudia was just16 years old, she supported a
hunger strike in front of theMetropolitan Cathedral in Mexico
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City.
So at this point, she's already,you know, standing forward.
She's really taking on what herparents had shown her when
growing up.
Scheinbaum attributes her senseof discipline to her mother,
claudia says, quote, she, mymother always used to say to us,
sure, you're going to do otherthings, but school is school.
unquote.
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So they clearly valued educationand like justice as a family,
and they really did getinvolved.
Claudia enrolled in the sameuniversity where her mother
worked at UNAM and she studiedphysics.
She also studied air pollutionin Mexico City and traveled to
indigenous communities inMicucan to work on a project
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involving wood burning stovesthat would consume less wood and
be less harmful to women'shealth.
for Claudia's master anddoctorate degrees, she studied
energy engineering and conductedher doctoral research at
Lawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory, which is in Berkeley
in California, USA.
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Claudia's dissertation actuallycompared trends in energy
consumption.
comparing Mexico with otherindustrialized countries.
So you can see here that this issomething she's really
interested in, this idea ofenergy consumption, climate,
exposure, women's health.
So it all kind of makes sensewhen you listen to her political
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movements later on.
Claudia was politically activeas a student and a professor in
the 1980s and 90s, particularlywith a party called the
Revolutionary Democratic Party,which is a state level, socio
democratic political party inMexico.
It was founded in the 80s, so asClaudia was growing up, many on
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the left who had neverpreviously participated in
elections joined in this, um,this wave for the revolutionary
democratic party and Claudiaended up actually, While she was
studying and did a hostingmeetings for this party in her
house The guy who led themovement was a guy called a
Cardenas and she actually heldrallies for him so after this
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wave of success, which Claudiahad a hand in With Cardenas,
getting into power.
In 2000, she was actuallyappointed Claudia as Mexico
City's Environmental HealthMinister.
and she was appointed this byAndres Manuel Lopez Abrador.
I'm absolutely bolstering thosenames, I'm so sorry if I'm
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offending anyone.
In her role as environmentalminister, she oversaw the
introduction of the city's bussystem, which is called the
Metrobus, and the constructionof a second story beltway road
that encircles Mexico's urbanzone.
So she was very much thesereally big projects that really
impact people's way of living.
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Lopez Abrador, Lost his bid tobecome Mexico's president in the
2006 election that they had.
So, Claudia actually thenreturned to university, UNAM,
She was part of the climatechange mitigation section of the
IPCC's fourth and fifthassessment reports, and
continued her scientificresearch there.
That team, IPCC, was actuallyawarded a Nobel Peace Prize
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following the fourthassessment's publication in
2007.
So she's excelling amazingly inthis area and really
contributing to the world's,understanding of climate change.
Then in 2015, Claudia wasactually elected mayor of the
Talpan district of Mexico City.
In this role, she stressed theimportance of water rights and
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fair usage.
She does have some criticism,which is right for anyone in
power.
When she was doing these bigprojects, there was criticism of
the amount of accidentsoccurring with these big
infrastructure projects.
projects that she oversaw Onedisaster was the earthquake in
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Taupan in 2017, which hit amagnitude of 7.
1 and there were several deathsthat happened during that time.
So from 2018 to 2023, Claudiaserved as mayor of Mexico City.
One of her accomplishments wasintroducing a new cable bus
system.
So again, these things that arereally big, really impacting
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people's lives, and thisimproved citywide commuting.
Lopez Abrador, the person whogave her the role, as energy
minister in the first place, wonthe presidency in the 2018
election.
So López became president andClaudia became mayor of Mexico
City.
he writes that he wanted Claudiato coordinate his campaign and
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then join his cabinet assecretary of the interior, but
that she actually preferred topursue the role in Mexico City
as mayor because Well, becauseshe cared, I think.
I think it's that simple.
She really wanted to make adifference in the cities where
she grew up and where she sawthat turmoil when she was four,
five, six, seven years old.
when she was elected mayor, sheactually received 50 percent of
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the vote to become mayor in afield of seven candidates, which
is insane.
If you think of our Labourelection that we've had in the
UK recently, I think they barelygot a third of all votes and
they managed to win.
So the fact that it was 50percent of the vote in a field
of seven candidates is justwild.
And it just shows how muchsupport she's had.
while she was Her governmentexpanded rainwater collection,
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they reformed waste management,they actually began a
reforestation program, so youcan see all that energy and
climate research coming intoplay.
Like I said, she introduced thiscable bus system, she ended up
repairing the subway system aswell because it was in absolute
disrepair, and she put a hugeamount of investment behind the
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infrastructure, which issomething the government, uh,
She grew up with, just didn't doat all.
In the background, she does havea lot of, criticism around the
deadly accidents, on the subwaythat she repaired, so the people
are, you know, rightfullycalling her out on things.
In February 2024, with the endof López Abrador's presidency
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approaching, Aberdoura actuallypresents a package of
constitutional and legal reformsThe reason he's put this out,
was because, Claudia was verymuch behind these proposals and
it was very much aligned withher way of thinking and how she
would rule and There is anargument that Lopres Abridoros
was basically setting up Claudiafor succession.
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The package includes manypositive things, so things like
generous pensions, aboveinflation, minimum wage hikes,
election of judges by popularvote, so all these things are
very popular and he was kind ofgiving her a really solid
platform to be electedpresident.
As Julian Tett in FinancialTimes says, when Claudia
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Scheinbaum Pardo assumed therole of president of Mexico in
October 2024, she made historyin many ways.
Not only is she the country'sfirst female president, but she
is also the first former climatescientist to hold that post.
Faces another historical momentwith Donald Trump about to
become the 47th president of theUnited States.
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She conferenced an Americanleader who has threatened to
slap a 25 percent trade tariffon the southern neighbor
unquote.
So, It's important to note thatClaudia had an absolute
landslide victory becoming thefirst female president of Mexico
in 2024, but she does haveDonald Trump looming very
closely behind her, and she'salso got, Argentina's president
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of just over a year, JavierMele, and he's also very, what's
the way of describing this, he'smuch closer aligned to Trump
than Claudia's, position.
He's described by one article asa wild haired economist, a mix
of Boris Johnson and the killerdoll Chucky.
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So she's got it, she's got atough job ahead of her, but I
think with her absolute motoricrise.
to amazing heights already, andshe's not afraid to do the big
things, like do the bigprojects, like we struggle in
England even to get a railway inplace, like HS2 has just been an
abomination on all fronts, butactually she's making really
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good headway, on her homeground, so why can't she do that
when up against differentcountries?
In terms of her, legacy,Shinebomb's ascent represents
women in politics and thebroader environmental movement.
She's such a beacon of light inthose fields and she's managed
to balance scientific insightswith political strategy to take
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on modern challenges, which Ithink is so refreshing, because
we've had a mammoth year ofelections in 2024.
So many countries have gonethrough these elections and to
have someone with this insightis very, it's fab, it's
refreshing.
As you can see from Sharpen'sjourney, it reflects
persistence, science basedpolicymaking, which is, oh, the
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dream, and inclusive leadership.
Her story shows how she caninspire future leaders and what
it means for Mexico's role onthe main stage.
I have really high hopes for herrole on the main stage.
I think, you know, watch thisspace.
It's been such an amazing riseto power so far, with so much
good behind it, and the statsdon't lie.
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There's a reason she got 50percent of the vote.
There's a reason people arebehind her.
And there's a reason people wantthis kind of leader.
Now and she's quite young aswell.
She's much younger than Trumpand I'm sure she can absolutely
rally because she's done so muchgood for Mexico already So I'm
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sure that she can rally thetroops on that as well So is why
Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo is oneof the women I think we should
take note of in 2024 because shedid a change history.
Hopefully that's tickled yourtaste buds and hopefully, that
shows how this podcast isrelevant whether you're making a
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history today or a thousandyears ago.
And there's just so much thatwomen contribute for our society
that we don't know about.
And that is the purpose of thepodcast.
So thank you so much forlistening.
Hopefully that gives you alittle bit of escapism if you're
with one of those families thatsometimes you just need a break.
And thank you so much for allyour support and listening to us
both.
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I'm sure Simon will be back withus in 2025.
And yeah, thank you so much.
We can't wait to do more ofthese stories and share more
with you.
So have a lovely, wonderfulChristmas and New Year, and
we'll see you in 2025.