July 18, 2025 • 16 mins
George Noory and Dr. Jim Bell discuss the plans for future missions to land astronauts on Mars, the ability for scientists to get a better understanding about life on Earth by exploring outer space, and how NASA can still inspire the public with the Artemis space program.
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Now here's a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on
iHeart Radio.
Speaker 2 (00:05):
And welcome back to Coast to Coast George Nor are
you with you, Doctor Jim Bell with us. We'll take
calls with Jim next hour here on Coast to Coast. Jim,
your book that you wrote three years ago, The Art
of the Cosmos, Tell us about.
Speaker 3 (00:16):
That, you know, when I've been involved in a bunch
of different mass emissions, using the Hubble space telescope, using
rovers on Mars, orbiters around the Moon, and you know,
we take a lot of space pictures and it's always
struck me over the course of my career how many
of them are just absolutely beautiful pieces of art. Oh yeah,
(00:39):
landscape art, you know. And it's not just the missions.
I've been involved with all kinds of telescopic images from Hubble,
from James Webb, from ground based telescopes, all kinds of
pictures from space probes to Saturn and Venus and yes,
of course the Moon, but even from Earth orbit. You know,
(01:00):
lots of these pictures and other kinds of measurements there.
Of course, they're important for science, but they're they're they're artistic.
There they give us a unique perspective. They they allow
us to sometimes frame things and portray depth of field
or or or or or you know, the different aspects
(01:24):
of perspective and depth that that photographers or architects think
about in their work. And you know, and we don't
often think about it scientists. We don't as scientists, we
don't often think about the beauty that we're revealing by
taking these pictures in space. And so I decided to
pull a book together that features more than a hundred
(01:46):
of these just incredible pieces of art photographs. But also
you know, there's there's sculptures out there. People are making
mini planets and sculptures, people are painting representations of planets,
and oil and water color, uh, you know.
Speaker 4 (02:05):
Graphic art.
Speaker 3 (02:06):
I mean, there's there's all kinds of art now that
is that is, you know, exploiting the fact that we're
we're we're exploring space with these incredible robotic or probes
or human missions to Earth orbit or the Apollo astronauts.
And so I had a really really fun time and
a difficult time trying to narrow down sort of the
(02:30):
the pictures and that I thought were the most artistic
that gave us the this these interesting perspectives that we
could call art as well as science, and I've tried
to feature them in that book.
Speaker 2 (02:41):
Let's take God out of the equation for just a moment,
if we can. How did it all start?
Speaker 4 (02:47):
Jim, Well, that's a great question, dude.
Speaker 3 (02:50):
I'm a geologist, not a not a cosmologist, but uh,
you know, that's that's.
Speaker 4 (02:55):
A great question.
Speaker 3 (02:56):
When we when we look out at the universe, George,
we can see the galaxy is flying apart, and so
it's just it's very simple to say, oh, it's you know,
there was an explosion. Let's turn the clock backwards. When
did it start? When did that explosion begin? Just like
watching a you know, a slow mo of an explosion
(03:17):
in a Hollywood action film or something, right, you turn it,
run the film backwards. And that's what Hubble and other
observatories allow us to do. And that's where that that
magic number thirteen point six billion years comes from. You
turn the clock back thirteen point six billion years, and
it was all very much smaller than it is now
(03:37):
of a point, well.
Speaker 2 (03:38):
What was it thirteen point seven years?
Speaker 4 (03:41):
Yeah, exactly.
Speaker 3 (03:42):
And you know this is what this is what makes
my head hurt George, because not only was space created
in that Big Bang, but time was created in that
Big Bang.
Speaker 4 (03:54):
So you can't even.
Speaker 3 (03:55):
Ask the question what was there before because time wasn't
didn't even exist, guy said, mind blows up. But this
is where the science, this is where the physics, this
is where the astrophysics is pointing us.
Speaker 4 (04:07):
And we're still learning. We're still learning.
Speaker 2 (04:10):
And what's so amazing, Jim, is the complexity of the
offshoots of this, the life that we have. I mean,
just look at planet Earth. It's teeming with all kinds
of life. Yeah, from little insects to little tiny animals
to gutters to us.
Speaker 4 (04:24):
It's amazing.
Speaker 3 (04:26):
And just think of how many other planet earths are
out there right. Astronomers in the last few decades are
discovering thousands of planets around other stars or some like stars,
just in our neighborhood, just close by, and some estimates
are there's ten million, maybe more Earth like planets, and
just in our galaxy alone, And our galaxy is one
(04:48):
of hundreds of billions of galaxies. So you know, how
can we be alone? How could we be alone? That's
what I asked myself.
Speaker 2 (04:55):
If you were appointed in charge of our entire space program.
What are some of the things that you would definitely do.
Speaker 3 (05:04):
You know, I would I would use NASA as an
engine for innovation, for inspiration, for exploration, for national pride
and motivation, all these things that that came out of
the Apollo program, for example. I think, you know, as
(05:26):
Americans were all united by that desire to explore and
to lead. And NASA is the best brand we have
in the world. You know, you walk, you go to
airports all around the world. You don't see people walking
around with IRS T shirts, right, or FDA T shirts.
Speaker 4 (05:47):
You know, there were NASA T shirts. Right.
Speaker 3 (05:49):
It's the best brand America has, and it's it's an
ambassador for for American leadership, American innovation, and inspiration. And
I would I would make sure that our Space Agency
is leading the world and doing things that nobody else
can do and inspiring, inspiring everybody, kids, teachers, regular people.
Speaker 4 (06:15):
You know.
Speaker 3 (06:15):
It's it's it's we're we're all in it together, George,
It's it's zero point four percent of our tax dollar
goes to fund what NASA does. It's a tiny fraction,
but boy, I think we get a lot out of it.
And I would I would love to see that that
return on investment expanded even further.
Speaker 2 (06:35):
Every kid in the sixties, Jim wanted to be an astronaut,
all of us.
Speaker 3 (06:39):
Yep, yep, yep, I got it. Now we can we
can go to space, George. We're just going to save
our money and maybe, you know, stay healthy and live
a little longer.
Speaker 2 (06:51):
What's going on with asteroid mining.
Speaker 3 (06:54):
Asteroid mining is still an exciting, uh piece of science
fiction in the future.
Speaker 4 (07:01):
Right now.
Speaker 3 (07:01):
What's happening right now is really asteroid prospecting. You know
the difference between prospecting and mining on the Earth, right
and prospecting you're trying to figure out where something is
and you send geologists out in the field and you know,
is there something out there, get some samples, bring it
back to the lab. Well, what astronomers are doing, what
NASA is doing, is prospecting, trying to figure out where
(07:24):
are the resources out there? Where's the water, where's the minerals,
where's the helium three things that could be used for
energy and technology. And you know, we're doing a good
job surveying our solar system to find where these resources are,
what they're like. And we're doing a lot of great
(07:45):
science in the process, but I think we're helping us
learn eventually how to live off the land.
Speaker 4 (07:51):
But mining actual mining.
Speaker 3 (07:56):
Some people think my attitude and this is a bit controversial,
but it is kind of science fiction right now, because
most everything we know about mining on the Earth involves
the use of gravity and a lot of water, and
both of those things are in short supply in deep space,
especially around tiny asteroids where the gravity is one one
(08:20):
thousandth to one ten thousandth Earth's gravity, and there's no
liquid water. Maybe a little bit ice, but there's no
extractable liquid water to use. So we have to learn
how to extract minerals and water and other resources off
of these airless almost gravityless worlds out there, so that
(08:42):
luckily there's people thinking about entrepreneurial startup companies thinking about
it and trying to participate in at least the prospecting
side of things to learn more about what's out there.
Probably we'll start mining in the decades ahead, more on
the Moon first, where there is gravity's significant gravity one
(09:05):
sixth the Earth that's significant can still do the kind
of sorting and transport and all that kind of stuff
that terrestrial mining uses. And there may be water ice
on the Moon. We could certainly bring water from the Earth.
That's not that far away. Question is are there economically
important minerals or ice deposits there on the Moon. That's
(09:29):
the prospecting part that we're doing. NASA's doing right now.
Speaker 2 (09:33):
How disappointed would you be if we did not send
a man to the Mars.
Speaker 3 (09:38):
I would be incredibly disappointed. I think, you know, again
it comes back to that issue of national will. I mean,
it would be great for the human species, right if
the first person on Mars was if there was a
first person on Mars, a Chinese person, a SpaceX employee.
(09:59):
I don't know, but I you know, I, like you said,
grew up in the sixties, is a big fan of
the space program and NASA. And I know what NASA
is capable of. I know what this country is capable
of when we, you know, when we set aside our
political and philosophical differences and work together to do incredibly
(10:19):
difficult things. That's the one of the pieces of history
of our country. And and getting people out beyond the
Moon to Mars, asteroids, Jupiter, Neptune, wherever. You know, these
things are all possible. We put our minds to it.
If we decide it's important as a nation to do
it together, we can do it.
Speaker 4 (10:40):
I'm optimistic.
Speaker 2 (10:42):
Well, when we went to the Moon, we had a plan,
we had a goal. I remember Kennedy's speech. We choose
to go to the Moon, and we seem to do that. Yeah,
do we have a plan for Mars.
Speaker 4 (10:53):
We don't. We don't have a real plan.
Speaker 3 (10:55):
No, there are ideas, there is a you know, the
concept that NASA has been operating under is sort of
Moon to Mars, Moon as an enabler of Mars. The
the new presidential administration wants to go to Mars more quickly.
(11:18):
There are lots of technical hurdles over that, and it
would require, my opinion, a lot more funding. The NASA
is getting to solve those technical problems. But still there's interest,
and you know, I think, I think incrementally getting back
into space, getting people back into deep space, learning how
(11:39):
to live and protect our interplanetary travelers from radiation from
the solar wind, from temperature extremes, learning how to sustain
ourselves in an environment like the Moon, where we could
find water, where we could pull oxygen out of the
(11:59):
rock and minerals on the surface and out of water
on the surface. I mean, everything we learn about sustainability
and those hostile environments in space is also, by the way,
going to come home and help us learn about sustainability
on our own planet.
Speaker 4 (12:14):
And at the end of the day, a lot of.
Speaker 3 (12:16):
The reasons that we're going out there, George, is not
to look out, but to look back, to look down,
to look at our own planet, to look at ourselves
and our own civilization. And what can we learn from
the technologies that it takes to survive and thrive in
deep space. What can we learn about how to survive
(12:37):
and thrive better on our own planet. That's a big
part of the space program.
Speaker 2 (12:42):
Jim here about overdue for another book, aren't you.
Speaker 3 (12:45):
I'm feeling that way, man, I am, and I'm you know,
as you can tell, I've been thinking a lot about
why we go into space, why we need to go
into space, why we have to get off this planet.
And that might be the name of the book. Actually
we have to get off this planet. And I don't
mean that in an alarmist way. I mean that in
an optimistic way, because we're going to learn so much,
(13:09):
and again we don't do it just to throw bags
of money into space. Man, I mean we do it
to make life better for everybody back here who doesn't
get to go, and that's almost everybody else.
Speaker 2 (13:22):
Robert Jubrin from the Mars Society wants us to terraform
Mars so it has a complete atmosphere and is livable.
What do you think of that goal?
Speaker 4 (13:32):
I mean, it's it's science fiction right now. It's a
great goal.
Speaker 3 (13:35):
For hundreds to thousands of years in the future might
be possible. I mean, we need to learn how to
engineer a planet, right we know how to engine we
know how to engineer a city. We're learning how to
engineer our own atmosphere accidentally, and how do you engineer
(13:56):
an entire planetary ecosystem? I mean, Mars is not as
small planet. The land area of Mars is the same
as all the continents on.
Speaker 4 (14:03):
The Earth, so it's it's substantial. So we're not there.
Speaker 3 (14:09):
As mister Zuber and doctor Zubrn has some incredible passion
and amazing ideas, and you know, we got to we
got to get some engineers thinking about these kinds of
things and set ourselves to it as a multi generational task.
If we want to do something of that scale.
Speaker 2 (14:27):
Can you imagine what Mars looked like before the ocean's
decided to sink in.
Speaker 3 (14:33):
Yeah, you know, it was a lot. It was a
lot more like the Earth, that's for sure. I don't
think it was ever truly personally, don't think it was
ever truly like the Earth. You know, tropical wonderland and
all that kind of I think, you know, it's fifty
percent farther from the Sun, George, it's always been colder,
but I think it it it. There's evidence that it
got warm enough for liquid water on the surface. The
(14:55):
atmosphere was thicker. There were lakes and rivers and deltas
and you know, small seas, maybe an ocean that's controversial,
but at least small seas and.
Speaker 4 (15:07):
That on the Earth.
Speaker 3 (15:09):
That's Those are the kinds of places where life formed, evolved, thrives.
That's why we're going to Crater Lakes on Mars with
with NASA's rovers. That's why we go to Delta's on
Mars with with rovers and landers and studying them with orbiters,
because those are the places where on our own planet
(15:30):
we can find great evidence of past life, or at
least past habitability. So let's look right next door at
our planetary neighbor. My goodness, If we find evidence, real evidence,
real scientific evidence, that there was life on Mars, then
and then there's two places on our solar system, then
it's everywhere. It's everywhere, right.
Speaker 1 (15:52):
Listen to more Coast to Coast AM every weeknight at
one a m. Eastern and go to Coast to coastam
dot com for more
Now here's a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on
iHeart Radio.
Speaker 2 (00:05):
And welcome back to Coast to Coast George Nor are
you with you, Doctor Jim Bell with us. We'll take
calls with Jim next hour here on Coast to Coast. Jim,
your book that you wrote three years ago, The Art
of the Cosmos, Tell us about.
Speaker 3 (00:16):
That, you know, when I've been involved in a bunch
of different mass emissions, using the Hubble space telescope, using
rovers on Mars, orbiters around the Moon, and you know,
we take a lot of space pictures and it's always
struck me over the course of my career how many
of them are just absolutely beautiful pieces of art. Oh yeah,
(00:39):
landscape art, you know. And it's not just the missions.
I've been involved with all kinds of telescopic images from Hubble,
from James Webb, from ground based telescopes, all kinds of
pictures from space probes to Saturn and Venus and yes,
of course the Moon, but even from Earth orbit. You know,
(01:00):
lots of these pictures and other kinds of measurements there.
Of course, they're important for science, but they're they're they're artistic.
There they give us a unique perspective. They they allow
us to sometimes frame things and portray depth of field
or or or or or you know, the different aspects
(01:24):
of perspective and depth that that photographers or architects think
about in their work. And you know, and we don't
often think about it scientists. We don't as scientists, we
don't often think about the beauty that we're revealing by
taking these pictures in space. And so I decided to
pull a book together that features more than a hundred
(01:46):
of these just incredible pieces of art photographs. But also
you know, there's there's sculptures out there. People are making
mini planets and sculptures, people are painting representations of planets,
and oil and water color, uh, you know.
Speaker 4 (02:05):
Graphic art.
Speaker 3 (02:06):
I mean, there's there's all kinds of art now that
is that is, you know, exploiting the fact that we're
we're we're exploring space with these incredible robotic or probes
or human missions to Earth orbit or the Apollo astronauts.
And so I had a really really fun time and
a difficult time trying to narrow down sort of the
(02:30):
the pictures and that I thought were the most artistic
that gave us the this these interesting perspectives that we
could call art as well as science, and I've tried
to feature them in that book.
Speaker 2 (02:41):
Let's take God out of the equation for just a moment,
if we can. How did it all start?
Speaker 4 (02:47):
Jim, Well, that's a great question, dude.
Speaker 3 (02:50):
I'm a geologist, not a not a cosmologist, but uh,
you know, that's that's.
Speaker 4 (02:55):
A great question.
Speaker 3 (02:56):
When we when we look out at the universe, George,
we can see the galaxy is flying apart, and so
it's just it's very simple to say, oh, it's you know,
there was an explosion. Let's turn the clock backwards. When
did it start? When did that explosion begin? Just like
watching a you know, a slow mo of an explosion
(03:17):
in a Hollywood action film or something, right, you turn it,
run the film backwards. And that's what Hubble and other
observatories allow us to do. And that's where that that
magic number thirteen point six billion years comes from. You
turn the clock back thirteen point six billion years, and
it was all very much smaller than it is now
(03:37):
of a point, well.
Speaker 2 (03:38):
What was it thirteen point seven years?
Speaker 4 (03:41):
Yeah, exactly.
Speaker 3 (03:42):
And you know this is what this is what makes
my head hurt George, because not only was space created
in that Big Bang, but time was created in that
Big Bang.
Speaker 4 (03:54):
So you can't even.
Speaker 3 (03:55):
Ask the question what was there before because time wasn't
didn't even exist, guy said, mind blows up. But this
is where the science, this is where the physics, this
is where the astrophysics is pointing us.
Speaker 4 (04:07):
And we're still learning. We're still learning.
Speaker 2 (04:10):
And what's so amazing, Jim, is the complexity of the
offshoots of this, the life that we have. I mean,
just look at planet Earth. It's teeming with all kinds
of life. Yeah, from little insects to little tiny animals
to gutters to us.
Speaker 4 (04:24):
It's amazing.
Speaker 3 (04:26):
And just think of how many other planet earths are
out there right. Astronomers in the last few decades are
discovering thousands of planets around other stars or some like stars,
just in our neighborhood, just close by, and some estimates
are there's ten million, maybe more Earth like planets, and
just in our galaxy alone, And our galaxy is one
(04:48):
of hundreds of billions of galaxies. So you know, how
can we be alone? How could we be alone? That's
what I asked myself.
Speaker 2 (04:55):
If you were appointed in charge of our entire space program.
What are some of the things that you would definitely do.
Speaker 3 (05:04):
You know, I would I would use NASA as an
engine for innovation, for inspiration, for exploration, for national pride
and motivation, all these things that that came out of
the Apollo program, for example. I think, you know, as
(05:26):
Americans were all united by that desire to explore and
to lead. And NASA is the best brand we have
in the world. You know, you walk, you go to
airports all around the world. You don't see people walking
around with IRS T shirts, right, or FDA T shirts.
Speaker 4 (05:47):
You know, there were NASA T shirts. Right.
Speaker 3 (05:49):
It's the best brand America has, and it's it's an
ambassador for for American leadership, American innovation, and inspiration. And
I would I would make sure that our Space Agency
is leading the world and doing things that nobody else
can do and inspiring, inspiring everybody, kids, teachers, regular people.
Speaker 4 (06:15):
You know.
Speaker 3 (06:15):
It's it's it's we're we're all in it together, George,
It's it's zero point four percent of our tax dollar
goes to fund what NASA does. It's a tiny fraction,
but boy, I think we get a lot out of it.
And I would I would love to see that that
return on investment expanded even further.
Speaker 2 (06:35):
Every kid in the sixties, Jim wanted to be an astronaut,
all of us.
Speaker 3 (06:39):
Yep, yep, yep, I got it. Now we can we
can go to space, George. We're just going to save
our money and maybe, you know, stay healthy and live
a little longer.
Speaker 2 (06:51):
What's going on with asteroid mining.
Speaker 3 (06:54):
Asteroid mining is still an exciting, uh piece of science
fiction in the future.
Speaker 4 (07:01):
Right now.
Speaker 3 (07:01):
What's happening right now is really asteroid prospecting. You know
the difference between prospecting and mining on the Earth, right
and prospecting you're trying to figure out where something is
and you send geologists out in the field and you know,
is there something out there, get some samples, bring it
back to the lab. Well, what astronomers are doing, what
NASA is doing, is prospecting, trying to figure out where
(07:24):
are the resources out there? Where's the water, where's the minerals,
where's the helium three things that could be used for
energy and technology. And you know, we're doing a good
job surveying our solar system to find where these resources are,
what they're like. And we're doing a lot of great
(07:45):
science in the process, but I think we're helping us
learn eventually how to live off the land.
Speaker 4 (07:51):
But mining actual mining.
Speaker 3 (07:56):
Some people think my attitude and this is a bit controversial,
but it is kind of science fiction right now, because
most everything we know about mining on the Earth involves
the use of gravity and a lot of water, and
both of those things are in short supply in deep space,
especially around tiny asteroids where the gravity is one one
(08:20):
thousandth to one ten thousandth Earth's gravity, and there's no
liquid water. Maybe a little bit ice, but there's no
extractable liquid water to use. So we have to learn
how to extract minerals and water and other resources off
of these airless almost gravityless worlds out there, so that
(08:42):
luckily there's people thinking about entrepreneurial startup companies thinking about
it and trying to participate in at least the prospecting
side of things to learn more about what's out there.
Probably we'll start mining in the decades ahead, more on
the Moon first, where there is gravity's significant gravity one
(09:05):
sixth the Earth that's significant can still do the kind
of sorting and transport and all that kind of stuff
that terrestrial mining uses. And there may be water ice
on the Moon. We could certainly bring water from the Earth.
That's not that far away. Question is are there economically
important minerals or ice deposits there on the Moon. That's
(09:29):
the prospecting part that we're doing. NASA's doing right now.
Speaker 2 (09:33):
How disappointed would you be if we did not send
a man to the Mars.
Speaker 3 (09:38):
I would be incredibly disappointed. I think, you know, again
it comes back to that issue of national will. I mean,
it would be great for the human species, right if
the first person on Mars was if there was a
first person on Mars, a Chinese person, a SpaceX employee.
(09:59):
I don't know, but I you know, I, like you said,
grew up in the sixties, is a big fan of
the space program and NASA. And I know what NASA
is capable of. I know what this country is capable
of when we, you know, when we set aside our
political and philosophical differences and work together to do incredibly
(10:19):
difficult things. That's the one of the pieces of history
of our country. And and getting people out beyond the
Moon to Mars, asteroids, Jupiter, Neptune, wherever. You know, these
things are all possible. We put our minds to it.
If we decide it's important as a nation to do
it together, we can do it.
Speaker 4 (10:40):
I'm optimistic.
Speaker 2 (10:42):
Well, when we went to the Moon, we had a plan,
we had a goal. I remember Kennedy's speech. We choose
to go to the Moon, and we seem to do that. Yeah,
do we have a plan for Mars.
Speaker 4 (10:53):
We don't. We don't have a real plan.
Speaker 3 (10:55):
No, there are ideas, there is a you know, the
concept that NASA has been operating under is sort of
Moon to Mars, Moon as an enabler of Mars. The
the new presidential administration wants to go to Mars more quickly.
(11:18):
There are lots of technical hurdles over that, and it
would require, my opinion, a lot more funding. The NASA
is getting to solve those technical problems. But still there's interest,
and you know, I think, I think incrementally getting back
into space, getting people back into deep space, learning how
(11:39):
to live and protect our interplanetary travelers from radiation from
the solar wind, from temperature extremes, learning how to sustain
ourselves in an environment like the Moon, where we could
find water, where we could pull oxygen out of the
(11:59):
rock and minerals on the surface and out of water
on the surface. I mean, everything we learn about sustainability
and those hostile environments in space is also, by the way,
going to come home and help us learn about sustainability
on our own planet.
Speaker 4 (12:14):
And at the end of the day, a lot of.
Speaker 3 (12:16):
The reasons that we're going out there, George, is not
to look out, but to look back, to look down,
to look at our own planet, to look at ourselves
and our own civilization. And what can we learn from
the technologies that it takes to survive and thrive in
deep space. What can we learn about how to survive
(12:37):
and thrive better on our own planet. That's a big
part of the space program.
Speaker 2 (12:42):
Jim here about overdue for another book, aren't you.
Speaker 3 (12:45):
I'm feeling that way, man, I am, and I'm you know,
as you can tell, I've been thinking a lot about
why we go into space, why we need to go
into space, why we have to get off this planet.
And that might be the name of the book. Actually
we have to get off this planet. And I don't
mean that in an alarmist way. I mean that in
an optimistic way, because we're going to learn so much,
(13:09):
and again we don't do it just to throw bags
of money into space. Man, I mean we do it
to make life better for everybody back here who doesn't
get to go, and that's almost everybody else.
Speaker 2 (13:22):
Robert Jubrin from the Mars Society wants us to terraform
Mars so it has a complete atmosphere and is livable.
What do you think of that goal?
Speaker 4 (13:32):
I mean, it's it's science fiction right now. It's a
great goal.
Speaker 3 (13:35):
For hundreds to thousands of years in the future might
be possible. I mean, we need to learn how to
engineer a planet, right we know how to engine we
know how to engineer a city. We're learning how to
engineer our own atmosphere accidentally, and how do you engineer
(13:56):
an entire planetary ecosystem? I mean, Mars is not as
small planet. The land area of Mars is the same
as all the continents on.
Speaker 4 (14:03):
The Earth, so it's it's substantial. So we're not there.
Speaker 3 (14:09):
As mister Zuber and doctor Zubrn has some incredible passion
and amazing ideas, and you know, we got to we
got to get some engineers thinking about these kinds of
things and set ourselves to it as a multi generational task.
If we want to do something of that scale.
Speaker 2 (14:27):
Can you imagine what Mars looked like before the ocean's
decided to sink in.
Speaker 3 (14:33):
Yeah, you know, it was a lot. It was a
lot more like the Earth, that's for sure. I don't
think it was ever truly personally, don't think it was
ever truly like the Earth. You know, tropical wonderland and
all that kind of I think, you know, it's fifty
percent farther from the Sun, George, it's always been colder,
but I think it it it. There's evidence that it
got warm enough for liquid water on the surface. The
(14:55):
atmosphere was thicker. There were lakes and rivers and deltas
and you know, small seas, maybe an ocean that's controversial,
but at least small seas and.
Speaker 4 (15:07):
That on the Earth.
Speaker 3 (15:09):
That's Those are the kinds of places where life formed, evolved, thrives.
That's why we're going to Crater Lakes on Mars with
with NASA's rovers. That's why we go to Delta's on
Mars with with rovers and landers and studying them with orbiters,
because those are the places where on our own planet
(15:30):
we can find great evidence of past life, or at
least past habitability. So let's look right next door at
our planetary neighbor. My goodness, If we find evidence, real evidence,
real scientific evidence, that there was life on Mars, then
and then there's two places on our solar system, then
it's everywhere. It's everywhere, right.
Speaker 1 (15:52):
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