Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Back to school, going back back to school? Bad do
celebrate back to a friend. I'm going back to school.
I'm gonna be who I am. The sign they dial
(00:26):
learning things is oh so cool.
Speaker 2 (00:28):
I'm going back to school.
Speaker 1 (00:32):
If way to start the day, reading and writing and
recess play, math, spelling and history.
Speaker 3 (00:42):
School is just so cool.
Speaker 2 (00:44):
You steading my way?
Speaker 4 (00:48):
No matter what.
Speaker 2 (00:49):
They say, friends more ever, learn together, going back to school,
going back?
Speaker 5 (01:10):
Matter really matters? What is matter? Anything that takes up
space is called matter. Air, water, rocks, and even people
are examples of matter. Different types of matter can be
described by their mass. The mass of an object is
the amount of material that makes up the object. A
(01:31):
bowling ball, for example, has more mass than a beach ball.
What are atoms? The atom is the basic building block
for all matter in the universe. Atoms are extremely small
and are made up of a few even smaller particles.
The basic particles that make up an atom are electrons, protons,
(01:54):
and neutrons. Atoms fit together with other atoms to make
up mass. It takes a lot of atoms to make
up anything. There are so many atoms in a single
human body we won't even try to write the number
here suffice it to say that the number is trillions
and trillions, and then some more. There are different kinds
(02:17):
of atoms based on the number of electrons, protons, and
neutrons each atom contains. Each different kind of atom makes
up an element. There are ninety two natural elements and
up to one hundred and eighteen when you count in
man made elements. Atoms last a long time, in most
(02:37):
cases forever. They can change and undergo chemical reactions, sharing
electrons with other atoms, but the nucleus is very hard
to split, meaning most atoms are around for a long time.
At the center of the atom is the nucleus. The
nucleus is made up of the protons and neutrons. The
electrons spin in orbits around the outside of the newnuclius.
(03:01):
What is a proton. The proton is a positively charged
particle that is located at the center of the atom
in the nucleus. The hydrogen atom is unique in that
it only has a single proton and no neutron in
its nucleus. What is an electron. Electron is a negatively
(03:21):
charged particle that spins around the outside of the nucleus.
Electron spins so fast around the nucleus. Scientists can never
be one hundred percent sure where they are located, but
scientists can make estimates of where electrons should be. If
there are the same number of electrons and protons in
an atom, then the atom is said to have a
(03:42):
neutral charge. Electrons are attracted to the nucleus by the
positive charge of the protons. Electrons are much smaller than neutrons,
and protons about eighteen hundred times smaller. What is a neutron?
The neutron doesn't have any charge. The number of neutrons
(04:02):
affects the mass and the radioactivity of the atom. Super
small particles what are they? Quark? The quark is a
really small particle that makes up neutrons and protons. Quarks
are nearly impossible to detect, and it's only recently that
scientists figured out they existed. They were discovered in nineteen
(04:26):
sixty four by Murray Gellman. There are six times of
quarks up, down, top, bottom, charm, and strange. Neutrino. Neutrinos
are formed by nuclear reactions. They are like electrons, without
any charge, and are usually traveling at the speed of light.
(04:46):
Trillions and trillions of neutrinos are emitted by the Sun
every second. Neutrinos pass right through most solids, including humans.
Anytime two atoms join together, they make a molecule. What
is a molecule?
Speaker 3 (05:00):
Fuel?
Speaker 5 (05:00):
All the stuff around you is made up of molecules.
This includes you. You are actually made up of trillions
and trillions of different types of molecules. How cool is
that When atoms of different types of elements joined together,
they make molecules called compounds. Water consists of compound molecules
(05:21):
made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
This is why it's called H two.
Speaker 3 (05:27):
Oh.
Speaker 5 (05:28):
There are only just over one hundred types of atoms,
but there are millions and millions of different types of
substances out there. This is because they are all made
up of different types of molecules. Molecules are not only
made up of different types of atoms, but also different ratios.
Like in the water example above, a water molecule has
(05:48):
two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Other examples are
carbon dioxide CO two, ammonia in H three, and sugar
or glucose C six H twelve O six. Some formulas
can get quite long. Do you like candy let's look
at the molecule for sugar C six six carbon atoms,
(06:14):
H twelve twelve hydrogen atoms six six oxygen atoms. It
takes all these specific atoms and these specific numbers to
make up a sugar molecule. What is a bond? Molecules
and compounds are held together by forces called chemical bonds.
There are two main types of bonds that hold most
(06:35):
compounds together, covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Some compounds can
have both types of bonds. Both main types of bonds
involve electrons, electrons, orbit atoms, and shells. These shells want
to be full of electrons. When they aren't full, they
will try to bond with other atoms to get the
(06:55):
right amount of electrons to fill their shells. Fun facts
about molecules. Oxygen gas normally is the molecule O two,
but it can also be three, which we call ozone.
Sixty six percent of the mass of the human body
is made up of oxygen atoms. Molecules can have different shapes.
(07:17):
Some are long spirals, while others may be pyramid shaped.
Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon. A perfect diamond
is a single molecule made up of carbon atoms. DNA
is a super long molecule that has information that describes
every human.
Speaker 4 (07:38):
Dizem right aol. Also, I'm going back.
Speaker 1 (08:00):
To start that day reading and writing and recess play, maths,
spelling and history.
Speaker 5 (08:09):
School is just so cool.
Speaker 2 (08:11):
You see.
Speaker 3 (08:13):
My way?
Speaker 5 (08:16):
No matter what they.
Speaker 2 (08:17):
Say, friends, more able learn together, going back to school,
Going back to school, friends more able learn together.
Speaker 3 (08:31):
I'm going back through school after school, Oh matter, gop
stop home about stop go home matters go
Speaker 5 (08:47):
No fafter golf, no mans all, no back to go
Back to school, going back back to school? Bad do
celebrate back to a friend. I'm going back to school.
I'm gonna be who I am. The sign they dial
(00:26):
learning things is oh so cool.
Speaker 2 (00:28):
I'm going back to school.
Speaker 1 (00:32):
If way to start the day, reading and writing and
recess play, math, spelling and history.
Speaker 3 (00:42):
School is just so cool.
Speaker 2 (00:44):
You steading my way?
Speaker 4 (00:48):
No matter what.
Speaker 2 (00:49):
They say, friends more ever, learn together, going back to school,
going back?
Speaker 5 (01:10):
Matter really matters? What is matter? Anything that takes up
space is called matter. Air, water, rocks, and even people
are examples of matter. Different types of matter can be
described by their mass. The mass of an object is
the amount of material that makes up the object. A
(01:31):
bowling ball, for example, has more mass than a beach ball.
What are atoms? The atom is the basic building block
for all matter in the universe. Atoms are extremely small
and are made up of a few even smaller particles.
The basic particles that make up an atom are electrons, protons,
(01:54):
and neutrons. Atoms fit together with other atoms to make
up mass. It takes a lot of atoms to make
up anything. There are so many atoms in a single
human body we won't even try to write the number
here suffice it to say that the number is trillions
and trillions, and then some more. There are different kinds
(02:17):
of atoms based on the number of electrons, protons, and
neutrons each atom contains. Each different kind of atom makes
up an element. There are ninety two natural elements and
up to one hundred and eighteen when you count in
man made elements. Atoms last a long time, in most
(02:37):
cases forever. They can change and undergo chemical reactions, sharing
electrons with other atoms, but the nucleus is very hard
to split, meaning most atoms are around for a long time.
At the center of the atom is the nucleus. The
nucleus is made up of the protons and neutrons. The
electrons spin in orbits around the outside of the newnuclius.
(03:01):
What is a proton. The proton is a positively charged
particle that is located at the center of the atom
in the nucleus. The hydrogen atom is unique in that
it only has a single proton and no neutron in
its nucleus. What is an electron. Electron is a negatively
(03:21):
charged particle that spins around the outside of the nucleus.
Electron spins so fast around the nucleus. Scientists can never
be one hundred percent sure where they are located, but
scientists can make estimates of where electrons should be. If
there are the same number of electrons and protons in
an atom, then the atom is said to have a
(03:42):
neutral charge. Electrons are attracted to the nucleus by the
positive charge of the protons. Electrons are much smaller than neutrons,
and protons about eighteen hundred times smaller. What is a neutron?
The neutron doesn't have any charge. The number of neutrons
(04:02):
affects the mass and the radioactivity of the atom. Super
small particles what are they? Quark? The quark is a
really small particle that makes up neutrons and protons. Quarks
are nearly impossible to detect, and it's only recently that
scientists figured out they existed. They were discovered in nineteen
(04:26):
sixty four by Murray Gellman. There are six times of
quarks up, down, top, bottom, charm, and strange. Neutrino. Neutrinos
are formed by nuclear reactions. They are like electrons, without
any charge, and are usually traveling at the speed of light.
(04:46):
Trillions and trillions of neutrinos are emitted by the Sun
every second. Neutrinos pass right through most solids, including humans.
Anytime two atoms join together, they make a molecule. What
is a molecule?
Speaker 3 (05:00):
Fuel?
Speaker 5 (05:00):
All the stuff around you is made up of molecules.
This includes you. You are actually made up of trillions
and trillions of different types of molecules. How cool is
that When atoms of different types of elements joined together,
they make molecules called compounds. Water consists of compound molecules
(05:21):
made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
This is why it's called H two.
Speaker 3 (05:27):
Oh.
Speaker 5 (05:28):
There are only just over one hundred types of atoms,
but there are millions and millions of different types of
substances out there. This is because they are all made
up of different types of molecules. Molecules are not only
made up of different types of atoms, but also different ratios.
Like in the water example above, a water molecule has
(05:48):
two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Other examples are
carbon dioxide CO two, ammonia in H three, and sugar
or glucose C six H twelve O six. Some formulas
can get quite long. Do you like candy let's look
at the molecule for sugar C six six carbon atoms,
(06:14):
H twelve twelve hydrogen atoms six six oxygen atoms. It
takes all these specific atoms and these specific numbers to
make up a sugar molecule. What is a bond? Molecules
and compounds are held together by forces called chemical bonds.
There are two main types of bonds that hold most
(06:35):
compounds together, covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Some compounds can
have both types of bonds. Both main types of bonds
involve electrons, electrons, orbit atoms, and shells. These shells want
to be full of electrons. When they aren't full, they
will try to bond with other atoms to get the
(06:55):
right amount of electrons to fill their shells. Fun facts
about molecules. Oxygen gas normally is the molecule O two,
but it can also be three, which we call ozone.
Sixty six percent of the mass of the human body
is made up of oxygen atoms. Molecules can have different shapes.
(07:17):
Some are long spirals, while others may be pyramid shaped.
Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon. A perfect diamond
is a single molecule made up of carbon atoms. DNA
is a super long molecule that has information that describes
every human.
Speaker 4 (07:38):
Dizem right aol. Also, I'm going back.
Speaker 1 (08:00):
To start that day reading and writing and recess play, maths,
spelling and history.
Speaker 5 (08:09):
School is just so cool.
Speaker 2 (08:11):
You see.
Speaker 3 (08:13):
My way?
Speaker 5 (08:16):
No matter what they.
Speaker 2 (08:17):
Say, friends, more able learn together, going back to school,
Going back to school, friends more able learn together.
Speaker 3 (08:31):
I'm going back through school after school, Oh matter, gop
stop home about stop go home matters go
Speaker 5 (08:47):
No fafter golf, no mans all, no back to go
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