March 6, 2025 • 25 mins
We dive into the intricacies of row spacing and its profound impacts on soybean yields, management, and weed control. Discussing different row configurations, we uncover the benefits and challenges that come with selecting the right spacing for optimal productivity.
• Focus on the importance of row spacing in soybean production
• Exploration of latest trends and historical changes in row spacing
• Discussion on the yield triangle: genetics, environment, and management
• Insights into weed management and the effects of canopy closure
• Case studies showcasing successful row configurations and yield outcomes
• Final thoughts on adapting practices based on local conditions
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Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:02):
Welcome to Spilling the Beans, the podcast that
spills the secrets to unlockingyour soybean farm's full
potential.
Every Tuesday, your hosts, billBackus and Jeff Mueller, dive
into expert strategies andinnovative solutions that will
help you boost your yields andmaximize your returns.
Whether you're a seasonedgrower or new to soybean farming
, we're here to help you succeed.
Let's get started.
Speaker 2 (00:25):
Hello and welcome to another episode of Spilling the
Beans.
I'm Jeff Mueller.
Speaker 3 (00:29):
I'm Bill.
Speaker 2 (00:29):
Backus, and thanks again for joining us as we dive
into the world of soybeans,covering various topics and
providing insights to thesoybean industry.
Bill, how are you doing today?
Speaker 3 (00:39):
Doing great, Boy.
We're here at the end ofFebruary.
Boy, that month flew by andnext thing we know, Jeff, we're
heading out to Commodity Classic.
So looking forward to that here.
Speaker 2 (00:50):
Yeah, yeah, no kidding, it's hard to believe if
you think about it.
For us in Iowa and Nebraskawe're probably about five weeks
away from planting.
It's starting to happen in someareas even maybe a month,
depending on how Mother Naturetreats us in March.
So things are getting here fastand furious.
So, yeah, so we've talked a lotof things on our podcast about
(01:12):
getting prepared for the plantseason and things to do and
programs put together.
So hopefully a lot of those aregoing to be implemented here in
the next few weeks as we getgoing forward.
But today we're going to talk alittle bit about so you know
we've been talking about some ofthe management aspects or
whatever like that.
(01:32):
Today we wanted to hit on alittle bit about row spacing.
It's probably not the mostearth-shattering topic we're
going to cover or go over withthat, but you know we do get a
lot of questions sometimes onrow spacings and you know it can
differentiate with the productsyou have out there and what
we're going with out there.
So you know what we really wantto do, kind of today is hit
(01:53):
some of that on the row spacingsthat we have over there and
what we're going.
So think about it Over the past.
So I try to think about rowspacing here for me too.
You know, over the past 30 years, you know we've seen emphasis
on row spacing in soybeans.
It's gone.
You know, it doesn't reallymatter.
We've had guys or individualsor farmers or gals that have
(02:14):
been at 30-inch rows.
My dad used to be 36-inch rows,then he went to 30-inch rows.
We've had individuals that areat 30-inch rows and then they
bought a drill and they go toseven and a half or 10 inch or
15 inch soybeans, or you know,it's all over the place and then
they switch back and going backand forward.
I mean, you know, is it, doesit really matter what row
(02:36):
spacing you're in?
I mean I've seen people hereand then they were wide, then
went narrow and then went backwide again, or vice versa.
Does it really matter?
Are we just are we just have alot of iron out there, that
we're just trying to get stuffdone quicker?
Or is row spacing does itreally matter, with the
varieties we plan out there andwhat we can see on a return on
investment and yield potentialfrom our soybeans that we're
(02:58):
dealing with?
Speaker 3 (02:59):
Yeah, no, jeff, great question you know this is.
This is one that you that as wetalk the whole thing.
This is really definitely nearand dear to my heart as we dig
through literally again all theareas in soybean production, how
we're going to maximize yield.
So a little story time withlet's dig into that a little bit
.
Here I'm going to go back to Idon't remember the year exactly,
(03:22):
but I would say had to be 98 or99 or 2000, somewhere in there.
And speaking of CommodityClassic, what it was is actually
had a yield contest at thattime.
It actually took one of mycustomers to Commodity Classic
and I could have looked it up, Iguess prior to the episode, but
it was down in Nashville iswhere we took him and his wife
(03:43):
and they had won the yieldcontest.
And, lo and behold, just as yousaid, they were 36-inch rows
that they had won the yieldcontest in.
So you know, what was differentabout then is different about
now, and that's really whatwe've got to think about is kind
of what's going on.
So you know, varieties thenwere and this was a and I could
probably start figuring this outtoo.
It's pretty early because thiswas a non-roundup ready soybean.
(04:05):
This is like conventionalsoybean and did a great job, had
some serious yield.
He had a really, really goodground.
So you think about theenvironment, you think about the
placement, you think about yourweed control.
All these things kind of tietogether Really when you think
about how do I pick my row,spacing for my environment, for
the varieties that I choose andfor my farm, my operation, right
(04:26):
.
So I think those are the piecesof the puzzle that we think
through.
And you know, I think about, youknow, you know I get southern
Iowa.
You know, in part of my areaYou've got a lot of 15s right,
some 20s, a lot of narrow rows.
As you go south, as we go north, we get a lot more 30s.
You do have a few areas where Istill have some seven and a
half or 10 inch drills.
(04:46):
You know that sort of thing,and it's really about the
operation and equipment you haveand what fits your operation
and how you'd like to basicallydo it.
You know, for the area I cover.
But, jeff, what about you?
What are you seeing on rowspacing in your area?
Speaker 2 (04:59):
Yeah, yeah.
So you know the quick answer ispredominantly we'll still
probably be 30-inch rows inNebraska.
But to get to the background ofthat a little bit, you think
about it a little bit.
We talk about where we want tobe at, row spacing and what
works better.
We talk about weed control andeverything like that.
But really for us over here itstarts to matter a little bit
more on what is the type ofoperation you're running.
(05:22):
Whether we do a lot of no-tillover here.
We have a lot of stripped goeson.
We have irrigated pivots, wehave dry land fields, we have
ridge till, you know.
So we have a flood irrigation.
So you know that.
Can you know you get a floodirrigation.
Usually you're going to be in30s or 36s from that standpoint,
just the way things are.
You know, if we're on irrigatedthat we have in some of those
(05:46):
conditions it depends on wherewe're at.
Are we dealing with areas thatwe have more incidents or seeing
a higher incidence of whitemold, southern or sclerotina
white mold coming in from thatstandpoint, so where we want
canopy?
So a lot of it's going to bedictated by what kind of disease
pressure you have out there,what kind of operation you're
running, fertility operation canmake a difference there whether
(06:09):
it's what type of irrigationthat we're running with from
there.
But you know, overall 30 isstill going to be the king.
But again we are seeingdifferences on both sides, but I
would say that's the majorityover here in the area that I
cover.
You know more in the irrigatedacres to the west of Iowa and I
know, bill, you have adverseareas out there too.
(06:29):
You know what do you see therein Iowa in the area that you
cover, what's more typical foryou in your area?
Speaker 3 (06:34):
Yeah, yeah, you had mentioned the no-till and
primarily because of that.
You know there's a lot of goodsize planters that are set up on
interplant plants, basically30s and 15s.
A lot of people have theability to do that when they've
got one or two planters that'sset up to do 30-inch row and
then go to 15-inch row beans ifthey set up that way.
(06:55):
But starting to see a slighttrend of a few more 20s that
people start saying, hey, Ithink I might be able to get
some efficiencies around that.
Just have one planter and kindof go there.
You know, as we've talked about,you know data planning in
previous episode, here we startseeing some guys that are
running two different planters.
So we'll see some guys that'llhave a 30-inch row dedicated.
(07:17):
You know planter and one partof the operation member is that
running that.
The other one's running a15-inch row.
You know planner and that sortof thing.
So start seeing some differentthings around that.
But if you've got, you know,just one op, one guy running
everything you'll see he'll havea inner plant there'll be a 30
(07:39):
set up and then do splitters on15.
Speaker 2 (07:40):
So kind of see that as kind of key things there.
So, yeah, no, then that's a,that's a great point and I, you
know I should have pointed thatout too.
You know, if you have oneplanner, you know you're going
to probably stick.
You know more in what you'redoing on the corn.
You know corn side of it.
But yes, we're getting a lotmore individuals that are
getting multiple planners,whether it's a 20 inch row,
whether it's a, like you said, asplit planner, whether it's a
twin rope, whether it's a.
(08:01):
You know we don't see a lot ofdrills but, you know, or narrow
row type of deal from that.
So, yeah, so that's reallyhelped and that's really helped
a lot of our you know a lot ofour producers that used to be,
you know, get all the corn donefirst and we jumped to soybeans
Now.
That's really helped a lot withthat, getting both of them
going in at the same time andhelping them get some more yield
potential out there, cause weknow earlier planted does help
(08:22):
us get more, more nodes and morepods and more beans out there
if everything works right.
So you know, you and me, we wedo quite a bit of research.
We have research sites thatwe're doing information from and
we cover a large area that wego through, you know, and we're
always throwing out things likelet's see how population does
you know let's, let's see howthis works on irrigated versus
(08:42):
dry land.
You know a lot of testing we'retrying to do and seed
treatments versus no seedtreatments and what benefits we
get there.
But I know something thatyou've been very passionate
about and that you've done a lotof extensive work on has been
row spacing.
So you know what are some ofthe trial work you know in Iowa
that you have done on rowspacings spacings, you know, and
(09:05):
give our listeners you know, atidbit of really what you found
out there and what some of theinformation you're able to
provide to them for some valuefor their operation.
Yeah, no thanks.
Speaker 3 (09:13):
Jeff, and when you think about this, we want to
start with the G by E by M yieldtriangle.
And really when you think aboutthat, you know we've talked a
lot about this but you know youcan see it on the screen here as
genetics on the bottom andenvironment, you know, and
really as you think about thecenter of that, that yield, you
(09:41):
know pods per acre, by seeds perpod, by weight per seed, all
that's together and that's thefocus of yield.
But you know seeding rate ispart of it.
But row spacing, what does rowspacing really have to do with
it?
And you know some of the workthat I've done.
If you, you know, you kind ofsee the plant architecture when
we look at different soybeanvarieties and this is the VPI
term that we've talked aboutpreviously on the podcast, but
Variety Profile Index is whatthat stands for we kind of
(10:02):
characterize our soybeans tounderstand really how they're
going to interact within thatrow spacing.
So you know, I've got here onthis slide.
You can see on the right-handside would be the high VPI and
low VPI in 30-inch rows.
You can see all the branchingarchitecture in that high VPI,
(10:23):
the low VPI, you know it did tryto branch a little bit.
But you can notice there'sreally not a lot of extra canopy
that was built.
So you can kind of go back to.
You know all this, as wementioned earlier, really want
to canopy and control our weeds.
And if you look at the 15 inchrow, basically I put the same
(10:43):
varieties in 15s and they startadapting and they start really
kind of changing.
You know the plant architectureand kind of where they're at.
So you know, if you look at thenext slide here, you can see
what I've done is kind of justkind of compare and contrast
those two within both the highVPI side by side.
So it's not the same soybeanplants but put into high VPI
versus low VPI by the rowspacings which you can see there
(11:04):
, jeff, as you look at thedifference between them and how
they react.
But look at that low VPI, theone that really doesn't want to
branch.
Look at that lack of canopy in30-inch rows versus that canopy
in 15 inch rows.
That's really the most starkthing.
Speaker 1 (11:19):
You know that you see on this slide you know, and I
think that really kind of leadsus right into you know.
Speaker 3 (11:25):
My question for you, jeff, is you know, jeff, when
you have wider versus narrowrows in your area, you know
how's your weed managementaffected and what are your
recommendations, you know, foreach of those.
Speaker 2 (11:34):
Yeah, yeah, so that can make a big difference.
Right, we know, or we feel thatnarrow rows are going to canopy
faster than than wider rows.
Right, we're very well you know, and you've got more
competition going on.
So you know you got morecompetition going on that 15
inch row, maybe not seed to seed, but from from, from the sides.
So we know we're going to getfaster canopy, canopy, usually
(11:57):
with a 15 inch row versus a 30.
From a weed managementstandpoint, knowing that you're
going to be able to get thatcanopy closed maybe a week to 10
days earlier than you would ona 30 inch row or wide row aspect
, that can make the differencebetween having some pretty good
weed control and maybe not sogreat of weed control.
Now, thinking that back we'vetalked about this in previous
(12:19):
episodes Weed control is key.
But multiple modes of actionsand layering residuals out there
are the main points, the keypoints to having good weed
control out there.
It doesn't matter if you're 15or 30 inch rows.
If you do a really poor job ordon't do a really good job on
your herbicide program andkeeping things clean out there,
(12:41):
it isn't going to make that muchof a difference.
But if you start those outclean, doing good layering out
there with those residualherbicides, and then you're able
to get that canopy to closefaster.
That is definitely going to bebetter weed control that you're
going to have out there.
Now.
One thing to bring into point,though, is it is also going to
depend on what variety you haveout there, because there's
certain varieties that reallyhandle 30 inch rows well, and
(13:04):
when they get into 15 inch rowsthey get lodgy, they lay down.
You have issues with that Also.
Another thing to take intoconsideration is, from your
disease aspect, do you have afield that has a very high
susceptibility of white mold outthere?
If you do, and you go to anarrow row, you know you're
going to have a canopy that'sgoing to close faster.
When you have a faster closedcanopy, you will have better
(13:27):
weed control, but you will alsorun the issue of having that
stay wetter underneath thatcanopy, and you could have more
of a prevalence of a diseasecoming in from that standpoint.
So, really, row spacing plays acritical part in weed control,
but it also plays a criticalpart when you're talking about
disease potential and just someof the characteristics of that
(13:50):
plant how it will grow and howit will stand when you get later
on in the season.
It doesn't do any good if youhave great weed control, if you
have a big tall plant, if it'slaying over at harvest and
you're leaving a lot of yield onthe ground from that standpoint
, yeah, jeff, you know really.
Speaker 3 (14:03):
One more thing on this slide I wanted to point out
as you look at this one, youknow we're showing pre-only and
by all means on this podcastwe're not recommending that you
only put a pre down ahead ofyour soybeans.
We're talking about what youjust said is pre followed by
some, you know, residual andpost, basically layering that to
really put it together.
But the intent of this onereally is just to show what 15s
(14:25):
versus 30s really kind of can do.
But did you see, on this oneI'm really just looking at the
30 inch rows specificallybecause you know the 15 shows
some really nice canopy.
We're trying to show whathappens basically when you only
have a pre, and I guess the 15syou know show in the different
varieties, kind of thesedifferent dates, see how that
weed control going through itand see what happens with the
(14:47):
escape when you don't have thatcanopy.
So really a big portion of thatit's kind of important to
understand on this is you know,what are we doing with row
spacing, what's that culturalpractice to help mitigate weed
pressure and that's reallynarrowing that road to focus on
that.
But, just like you said,there's a whole bunch of other
things that go back to that G byE by M yield triangle and how
those interactions are so yeah,that's a great add-in.
Speaker 2 (15:11):
And then you also talk about too.
You know we've talked in aprevious episode, we talked
about planning dates.
You start adding planning datesin there.
If you're going a little bitearlier, you're going to be able
to get canopy closure a littlebit sooner in that year too.
So it's just not a one thing,it's everything kind of coming
together, working together, andthat's really where things come
together to help meet that highyield potential that you're
(15:32):
going to have out with soybeans.
Which really brings me to mynext question you Does canopy,
does row canopy really matter inhigh yield soybean production?
I mean, do you really need it?
I mean, I've heard of fieldswhere you know they look at the
beans and they're short and nocanopy out there and look
terrible and all of a sudden itcan be some of their best
(15:53):
looking beans.
And then they have a field outthere and it just looked great,
all year closed, canopy and blah, blah, blah and oh, this is my
worst yielding field.
What's going on?
So does canopy really play acrucial role in high yielding
soybeans out there?
Speaker 3 (16:04):
Yeah, great question, jeff.
So as you think about let'slook at, let's look at the
soybean plant, you think aboutthe length of petioles, right,
so you get some really longpetioles.
You know that make it look likeit's canopied, right, and
that's the difference.
But when you tear that plantapart and you dig, but you know,
on the slide here this is kindof a summary of that those
trials that we did and whatyou'll see here is this first
(16:25):
one is a 30-inch rose and itcompares, you know, four
different varieties and we hadthe high and the low VPI versus
with a pre-only and apre-followed by post.
But you can see the impact ofbasically having clean soybeans.
Here was 6.9 bushels acrossthat when you average them all
(16:45):
together.
You know, just on weed controlso you think about row spacing,
you think about canopy, youthink about how does that
interact and what are thoseweeds robbing from us?
So you know we've talked a lotabout that, but really just
tying it back to row spacing andgetting that canopy is really
critically important.
So this one's 30-inch rows, youknow.
The next slide, basically youknow, looks at 15-inch rows and
(17:06):
this one actually jumps to 8.8.
So actually, you know we getnarrow row interaction.
So we do have an advantage overacross all the varieties
averaged together.
But if I call out that oneright there you'll see it's 13.7
.
So that variety veryspecifically really responded,
you know, to narrow rows, takingcare of the weeds, kind of
(17:27):
keeping everything under control.
You know, so on and so forth.
So really you know kind ofcritically important.
So you know, if you look at thenext slide you'll see that the
row spacing is very, veryimportant.
And this is kind of just adrone shot that I took looking
down at the trial where we had alot of different randomizations
and replications on this onesmall plot work.
You can see, you know at thistime you can see where the 15
(17:49):
inch rows are very clearly inthe canopy that we have on this
picture.
But the biggest thing on canopy,you know you look at the top
bullet there increased seasonallight interception in 15s is
basically more canopyphotosynthesis that we get.
Utilize more solar radiation incritical growth phases in those
(18:10):
narrow rows and 15 inch rows weget quicker canopy, you know,
conserve moisture, use it moreefficiently, you know.
Quicker canopy to provideincreased competition to weeds
cultural practice to aid in weedmanagement.
You know you really get thatair movement that you mentioned
earlier.
You know 30 inches.
You know for disease managementwhite mold for example we want
(18:30):
that airflow to get throughthere.
You know 30-inch rows.
You think about emergence.
You think about somechallenging things that we run
into during the season.
We get those planted early andthen we get that pounding rain
and we get that crust on top andsometimes we can't push through
.
But you know, if you get more,if you get eight seats per foot,
for example, at 140,000 and 30intros, you know we can emerge
better because they're going towork together basically to push
(18:52):
that versus 15s.
That would be a disadvantagethere.
So you think about all theequipment costs.
You think about theefficiencies, that kind of runs
we talked earlier between thetwo crops that we predominantly
have for the listeners of thepodcast here, with corn and
soybeans, really 15s, 30s or 20s, however you get there.
But really it's about you knowcanopy, it's about you know all
the stuff that I've talked abouton this slide and really how
(19:14):
important it is.
So that's kind of the quicksynopsis of really why canopy
matters, jeff, and high-yieldsoybean production in kind of my
mind.
So what are your thoughts on it?
Speaker 2 (19:24):
Yeah, no, you know I really can't add a whole lot to
what you just went over with.
I mean, yeah, canopy iscritical for myself because we
are in an area that tends to bea little bit drier.
As we're to the west, as wetend to have a little bit more
heat, we get more of that heatthat comes in.
Having that canopy that we canhave out there is critical to
(19:46):
help conserve some moisture, tobe efficient, but also to keep
that plant cooler, to keep thatdown there, because when we
don't have that canopy we gethot down there, especially for
us in a no-till situation.
We're radiating a lot of thatheat off of that ground or off
the soil and it can have a heatstress on our crop that they may
(20:08):
not have in some of the areasto the east.
So again, there's a lot ofbenefit to it and for us over
here white mold is still not aterrible issue but it's becoming
more and more of a prevalentissue, especially more in the
northeast part of the state thatwe have and more of the North
central.
But again, uh, there's a lot ofbenefits that canopy come to it
and again it's like um, youknow we've talked about before.
(20:31):
A happy plant gives you happyyields.
So keeping that plant happy,keeping it in good shape,
keeping everything working well,uh, really helps keep that
whole system working well andkeeps maximizing that potential
yield that we have out there.
So great comments fromeverything that we went over
today.
So, bill, you know we kind ofhit some stuff on row spacing.
(20:53):
We went over it Again.
It's not the sexiest topicprobably to talk about, but for
a lot of individuals, or someindividuals out there, you know
it's something that they'rethinking about or you know some
options that they may be lookingat to help them with some weed
control, with some higher yieldpotentials that we have out
there, and then maybe you knowjust some variety that they're
planning from whoever they sayit works better in this
(21:15):
situation, this row situation,than this.
So you know, trying to maximizethat yield.
So, with that being said, youknow we talked, you know, quite
a bit about row spacing.
Is there anything you want to,as we're signing off here, leave
with our listeners today somepoints or key points that you
really want to drill home withthem, or some take-home points
that you would like them to haveto make sure, just to keep a
(21:36):
mindset on.
Speaker 3 (21:37):
Yeah, jeff, no, no good.
So one topic we didn't coverthat I think we'll do in the
future, we will do in the futureis cover crops.
So how cover crops, you know,interact with this row spacing
as well.
So got some other trial workthat we're going to talk about
in a future episode on, you know, termination timing and kind of
tie all that together.
But I think there's someimportant pieces to really
understand.
(21:58):
On, like you mentioned, dataplanning you think about, you
know, canopy, you think aboutyou know canopy.
You think about, you know, rowclosure for, you know,
minimizing weed competition, allthis stuff that we've talked
about are really criticallyimportant to maximize soybean
yields really across the entirearea that we cover.
So you know that and that kindof goes back to our previous
episodes.
On, like I said, data planningand seeding rate how do those
(22:20):
interact Really, kind of go backto that G by E by M yield
triangle and seeding rate.
How do those interact Really,kind of go back to that G by E
by M yield triangle, really allthose things interact with one
another.
And then selecting that varietyto fit that environment that
you have If you're no-till, likeyou mentioned, or if you're
full width tillage, or you knowminimum till, or you know if
you're on a really slope highslope, or you know flat black
ground, or you know whatever yougot, you got some sand.
(22:40):
Whatever you're in irrigatedacre, you know.
All these things interact.
So I think that's the big pieceof the puzzle that we want to
make sure we look at and reallyunderstand how all these
components work together toreally maximize that soybean
production and really make themost bushels we can in a
commodity price situation wherewe're at like today, correct,
correct, no, that's great points.
Speaker 2 (23:01):
That's great points.
No-transcript closing comments.
(23:32):
Before we sign off today Nope,nope, just uh.
Speaker 3 (23:35):
Thanks for everybody listening, looking forward to
the next next episode.
Speaker 2 (23:38):
Absolutely, and thank you to all.
Thanks to all of you forjoining us today on this episode
of Spilling the Beans.
We invite you to download theGrow Smart Live app for more
resources and share this podcastwith other growers.
So for myself and from Bill, wewant to say thank you for
joining us today and make it agreat day.
Speaker 1 (23:54):
Thanks for joining us on Spilling the Beans, where
every episode gets you one stepcloser to maximizing your
soybean profitability.
If you found today's insightsvaluable, subscribe and leave us
a review on your favoriteplatform.
Download the Grow Smart Liveapp for more resources and share
the podcast with other growers.
See you next week with moreexpert tips to help you grow
(24:16):
smarter and achieve the bestyields yet.
Liberty Outlook Zidua, ziduaPro Poncho.
(24:53):
Motivo Precise Endura.
Speaker 3 (24:54):
Rivitec Fastax.
Speaker 1 (24:55):
ES Elevo Vault IP+.
Thank you.
Transcription by CastingWords.
Always conduct a compatibilityjar test.
Always consult respectiveproduct labels for specific
mixing instructions.
The most restrictive labelapplies.
Natai Fastax CS is arestricted-use pesticide.
Mimasphere Zorina and Voraxorare not registered and not
available for sale.
This information is providedfor educational purposes only
and is not intended to promotethe sale of this product.
Any sale of this product afterregistration is obtained shall
(25:17):
be based solely on theEPA-approved product label.
No-transcript.
Welcome to Spilling the Beans, the podcast that
spills the secrets to unlockingyour soybean farm's full
potential.
Every Tuesday, your hosts, billBackus and Jeff Mueller, dive
into expert strategies andinnovative solutions that will
help you boost your yields andmaximize your returns.
Whether you're a seasonedgrower or new to soybean farming
, we're here to help you succeed.
Let's get started.
Speaker 2 (00:25):
Hello and welcome to another episode of Spilling the
Beans.
I'm Jeff Mueller.
Speaker 3 (00:29):
I'm Bill.
Speaker 2 (00:29):
Backus, and thanks again for joining us as we dive
into the world of soybeans,covering various topics and
providing insights to thesoybean industry.
Bill, how are you doing today?
Speaker 3 (00:39):
Doing great, Boy.
We're here at the end ofFebruary.
Boy, that month flew by andnext thing we know, Jeff, we're
heading out to Commodity Classic.
So looking forward to that here.
Speaker 2 (00:50):
Yeah, yeah, no kidding, it's hard to believe if
you think about it.
For us in Iowa and Nebraskawe're probably about five weeks
away from planting.
It's starting to happen in someareas even maybe a month,
depending on how Mother Naturetreats us in March.
So things are getting here fastand furious.
So, yeah, so we've talked a lotof things on our podcast about
(01:12):
getting prepared for the plantseason and things to do and
programs put together.
So hopefully a lot of those aregoing to be implemented here in
the next few weeks as we getgoing forward.
But today we're going to talk alittle bit about so you know
we've been talking about some ofthe management aspects or
whatever like that.
(01:32):
Today we wanted to hit on alittle bit about row spacing.
It's probably not the mostearth-shattering topic we're
going to cover or go over withthat, but you know we do get a
lot of questions sometimes onrow spacings and you know it can
differentiate with the productsyou have out there and what
we're going with out there.
So you know what we really wantto do, kind of today is hit
(01:53):
some of that on the row spacingsthat we have over there and
what we're going.
So think about it Over the past.
So I try to think about rowspacing here for me too.
You know, over the past 30 years, you know we've seen emphasis
on row spacing in soybeans.
It's gone.
You know, it doesn't reallymatter.
We've had guys or individualsor farmers or gals that have
(02:14):
been at 30-inch rows.
My dad used to be 36-inch rows,then he went to 30-inch rows.
We've had individuals that areat 30-inch rows and then they
bought a drill and they go toseven and a half or 10 inch or
15 inch soybeans, or you know,it's all over the place and then
they switch back and going backand forward.
I mean, you know, is it, doesit really matter what row
(02:36):
spacing you're in?
I mean I've seen people hereand then they were wide, then
went narrow and then went backwide again, or vice versa.
Does it really matter?
Are we just are we just have alot of iron out there, that
we're just trying to get stuffdone quicker?
Or is row spacing does itreally matter, with the
varieties we plan out there andwhat we can see on a return on
investment and yield potentialfrom our soybeans that we're
(02:58):
dealing with?
Speaker 3 (02:59):
Yeah, no, jeff, great question you know this is.
This is one that you that as wetalk the whole thing.
This is really definitely nearand dear to my heart as we dig
through literally again all theareas in soybean production, how
we're going to maximize yield.
So a little story time withlet's dig into that a little bit
.
Here I'm going to go back to Idon't remember the year exactly,
(03:22):
but I would say had to be 98 or99 or 2000, somewhere in there.
And speaking of CommodityClassic, what it was is actually
had a yield contest at thattime.
It actually took one of mycustomers to Commodity Classic
and I could have looked it up, Iguess prior to the episode, but
it was down in Nashville iswhere we took him and his wife
(03:43):
and they had won the yieldcontest.
And, lo and behold, just as yousaid, they were 36-inch rows
that they had won the yieldcontest in.
So you know, what was differentabout then is different about
now, and that's really whatwe've got to think about is kind
of what's going on.
So you know, varieties thenwere and this was a and I could
probably start figuring this outtoo.
It's pretty early because thiswas a non-roundup ready soybean.
(04:05):
This is like conventionalsoybean and did a great job, had
some serious yield.
He had a really, really goodground.
So you think about theenvironment, you think about the
placement, you think about yourweed control.
All these things kind of tietogether Really when you think
about how do I pick my row,spacing for my environment, for
the varieties that I choose andfor my farm, my operation, right
(04:26):
.
So I think those are the piecesof the puzzle that we think
through.
And you know, I think about, youknow, you know I get southern
Iowa.
You know, in part of my areaYou've got a lot of 15s right,
some 20s, a lot of narrow rows.
As you go south, as we go north, we get a lot more 30s.
You do have a few areas where Istill have some seven and a
half or 10 inch drills.
(04:46):
You know that sort of thing,and it's really about the
operation and equipment you haveand what fits your operation
and how you'd like to basicallydo it.
You know, for the area I cover.
But, jeff, what about you?
What are you seeing on rowspacing in your area?
Speaker 2 (04:59):
Yeah, yeah.
So you know the quick answer ispredominantly we'll still
probably be 30-inch rows inNebraska.
But to get to the background ofthat a little bit, you think
about it a little bit.
We talk about where we want tobe at, row spacing and what
works better.
We talk about weed control andeverything like that.
But really for us over here itstarts to matter a little bit
more on what is the type ofoperation you're running.
(05:22):
Whether we do a lot of no-tillover here.
We have a lot of stripped goeson.
We have irrigated pivots, wehave dry land fields, we have
ridge till, you know.
So we have a flood irrigation.
So you know that.
Can you know you get a floodirrigation.
Usually you're going to be in30s or 36s from that standpoint,
just the way things are.
You know, if we're on irrigatedthat we have in some of those
(05:46):
conditions it depends on wherewe're at.
Are we dealing with areas thatwe have more incidents or seeing
a higher incidence of whitemold, southern or sclerotina
white mold coming in from thatstandpoint, so where we want
canopy?
So a lot of it's going to bedictated by what kind of disease
pressure you have out there,what kind of operation you're
running, fertility operation canmake a difference there whether
(06:09):
it's what type of irrigationthat we're running with from
there.
But you know, overall 30 isstill going to be the king.
But again we are seeingdifferences on both sides, but I
would say that's the majorityover here in the area that I
cover.
You know more in the irrigatedacres to the west of Iowa and I
know, bill, you have adverseareas out there too.
(06:29):
You know what do you see therein Iowa in the area that you
cover, what's more typical foryou in your area?
Speaker 3 (06:34):
Yeah, yeah, you had mentioned the no-till and
primarily because of that.
You know there's a lot of goodsize planters that are set up on
interplant plants, basically30s and 15s.
A lot of people have theability to do that when they've
got one or two planters that'sset up to do 30-inch row and
then go to 15-inch row beans ifthey set up that way.
(06:55):
But starting to see a slighttrend of a few more 20s that
people start saying, hey, Ithink I might be able to get
some efficiencies around that.
Just have one planter and kindof go there.
You know, as we've talked about,you know data planning in
previous episode, here we startseeing some guys that are
running two different planters.
So we'll see some guys that'llhave a 30-inch row dedicated.
(07:17):
You know planter and one partof the operation member is that
running that.
The other one's running a15-inch row.
You know planner and that sortof thing.
So start seeing some differentthings around that.
But if you've got, you know,just one op, one guy running
everything you'll see he'll havea inner plant there'll be a 30
(07:39):
set up and then do splitters on15.
Speaker 2 (07:40):
So kind of see that as kind of key things there.
So, yeah, no, then that's a,that's a great point and I, you
know I should have pointed thatout too.
You know, if you have oneplanner, you know you're going
to probably stick.
You know more in what you'redoing on the corn.
You know corn side of it.
But yes, we're getting a lotmore individuals that are
getting multiple planners,whether it's a 20 inch row,
whether it's a, like you said, asplit planner, whether it's a
twin rope, whether it's a.
(08:01):
You know we don't see a lot ofdrills but, you know, or narrow
row type of deal from that.
So, yeah, so that's reallyhelped and that's really helped
a lot of our you know a lot ofour producers that used to be,
you know, get all the corn donefirst and we jumped to soybeans
Now.
That's really helped a lot withthat, getting both of them
going in at the same time andhelping them get some more yield
potential out there, cause weknow earlier planted does help
(08:22):
us get more, more nodes and morepods and more beans out there
if everything works right.
So you know, you and me, we wedo quite a bit of research.
We have research sites thatwe're doing information from and
we cover a large area that wego through, you know, and we're
always throwing out things likelet's see how population does
you know let's, let's see howthis works on irrigated versus
(08:42):
dry land.
You know a lot of testing we'retrying to do and seed
treatments versus no seedtreatments and what benefits we
get there.
But I know something thatyou've been very passionate
about and that you've done a lotof extensive work on has been
row spacing.
So you know what are some ofthe trial work you know in Iowa
that you have done on rowspacings spacings, you know, and
(09:05):
give our listeners you know, atidbit of really what you found
out there and what some of theinformation you're able to
provide to them for some valuefor their operation.
Yeah, no thanks.
Speaker 3 (09:13):
Jeff, and when you think about this, we want to
start with the G by E by M yieldtriangle.
And really when you think aboutthat, you know we've talked a
lot about this but you know youcan see it on the screen here as
genetics on the bottom andenvironment, you know, and
really as you think about thecenter of that, that yield, you
(09:41):
know pods per acre, by seeds perpod, by weight per seed, all
that's together and that's thefocus of yield.
But you know seeding rate ispart of it.
But row spacing, what does rowspacing really have to do with
it?
And you know some of the workthat I've done.
If you, you know, you kind ofsee the plant architecture when
we look at different soybeanvarieties and this is the VPI
term that we've talked aboutpreviously on the podcast, but
Variety Profile Index is whatthat stands for we kind of
(10:02):
characterize our soybeans tounderstand really how they're
going to interact within thatrow spacing.
So you know, I've got here onthis slide.
You can see on the right-handside would be the high VPI and
low VPI in 30-inch rows.
You can see all the branchingarchitecture in that high VPI,
(10:23):
the low VPI, you know it did tryto branch a little bit.
But you can notice there'sreally not a lot of extra canopy
that was built.
So you can kind of go back to.
You know all this, as wementioned earlier, really want
to canopy and control our weeds.
And if you look at the 15 inchrow, basically I put the same
(10:43):
varieties in 15s and they startadapting and they start really
kind of changing.
You know the plant architectureand kind of where they're at.
So you know, if you look at thenext slide here, you can see
what I've done is kind of justkind of compare and contrast
those two within both the highVPI side by side.
So it's not the same soybeanplants but put into high VPI
versus low VPI by the rowspacings which you can see there
(11:04):
, jeff, as you look at thedifference between them and how
they react.
But look at that low VPI, theone that really doesn't want to
branch.
Look at that lack of canopy in30-inch rows versus that canopy
in 15 inch rows.
That's really the most starkthing.
Speaker 1 (11:19):
You know that you see on this slide you know, and I
think that really kind of leadsus right into you know.
Speaker 3 (11:25):
My question for you, jeff, is you know, jeff, when
you have wider versus narrowrows in your area, you know
how's your weed managementaffected and what are your
recommendations, you know, foreach of those.
Speaker 2 (11:34):
Yeah, yeah, so that can make a big difference.
Right, we know, or we feel thatnarrow rows are going to canopy
faster than than wider rows.
Right, we're very well you know, and you've got more
competition going on.
So you know you got morecompetition going on that 15
inch row, maybe not seed to seed, but from from, from the sides.
So we know we're going to getfaster canopy, canopy, usually
(11:57):
with a 15 inch row versus a 30.
From a weed managementstandpoint, knowing that you're
going to be able to get thatcanopy closed maybe a week to 10
days earlier than you would ona 30 inch row or wide row aspect
, that can make the differencebetween having some pretty good
weed control and maybe not sogreat of weed control.
Now, thinking that back we'vetalked about this in previous
(12:19):
episodes Weed control is key.
But multiple modes of actionsand layering residuals out there
are the main points, the keypoints to having good weed
control out there.
It doesn't matter if you're 15or 30 inch rows.
If you do a really poor job ordon't do a really good job on
your herbicide program andkeeping things clean out there,
(12:41):
it isn't going to make that muchof a difference.
But if you start those outclean, doing good layering out
there with those residualherbicides, and then you're able
to get that canopy to closefaster.
That is definitely going to bebetter weed control that you're
going to have out there.
Now.
One thing to bring into point,though, is it is also going to
depend on what variety you haveout there, because there's
certain varieties that reallyhandle 30 inch rows well, and
(13:04):
when they get into 15 inch rowsthey get lodgy, they lay down.
You have issues with that Also.
Another thing to take intoconsideration is, from your
disease aspect, do you have afield that has a very high
susceptibility of white mold outthere?
If you do, and you go to anarrow row, you know you're
going to have a canopy that'sgoing to close faster.
When you have a faster closedcanopy, you will have better
(13:27):
weed control, but you will alsorun the issue of having that
stay wetter underneath thatcanopy, and you could have more
of a prevalence of a diseasecoming in from that standpoint.
So, really, row spacing plays acritical part in weed control,
but it also plays a criticalpart when you're talking about
disease potential and just someof the characteristics of that
(13:50):
plant how it will grow and howit will stand when you get later
on in the season.
It doesn't do any good if youhave great weed control, if you
have a big tall plant, if it'slaying over at harvest and
you're leaving a lot of yield onthe ground from that standpoint
, yeah, jeff, you know really.
Speaker 3 (14:03):
One more thing on this slide I wanted to point out
as you look at this one, youknow we're showing pre-only and
by all means on this podcastwe're not recommending that you
only put a pre down ahead ofyour soybeans.
We're talking about what youjust said is pre followed by
some, you know, residual andpost, basically layering that to
really put it together.
But the intent of this onereally is just to show what 15s
(14:25):
versus 30s really kind of can do.
But did you see, on this oneI'm really just looking at the
30 inch rows specificallybecause you know the 15 shows
some really nice canopy.
We're trying to show whathappens basically when you only
have a pre, and I guess the 15syou know show in the different
varieties, kind of thesedifferent dates, see how that
weed control going through itand see what happens with the
(14:47):
escape when you don't have thatcanopy.
So really a big portion of thatit's kind of important to
understand on this is you know,what are we doing with row
spacing, what's that culturalpractice to help mitigate weed
pressure and that's reallynarrowing that road to focus on
that.
But, just like you said,there's a whole bunch of other
things that go back to that G byE by M yield triangle and how
those interactions are so yeah,that's a great add-in.
Speaker 2 (15:11):
And then you also talk about too.
You know we've talked in aprevious episode, we talked
about planning dates.
You start adding planning datesin there.
If you're going a little bitearlier, you're going to be able
to get canopy closure a littlebit sooner in that year too.
So it's just not a one thing,it's everything kind of coming
together, working together, andthat's really where things come
together to help meet that highyield potential that you're
(15:32):
going to have out with soybeans.
Which really brings me to mynext question you Does canopy,
does row canopy really matter inhigh yield soybean production?
I mean, do you really need it?
I mean, I've heard of fieldswhere you know they look at the
beans and they're short and nocanopy out there and look
terrible and all of a sudden itcan be some of their best
(15:53):
looking beans.
And then they have a field outthere and it just looked great,
all year closed, canopy and blah, blah, blah and oh, this is my
worst yielding field.
What's going on?
So does canopy really play acrucial role in high yielding
soybeans out there?
Speaker 3 (16:04):
Yeah, great question, jeff.
So as you think about let'slook at, let's look at the
soybean plant, you think aboutthe length of petioles, right,
so you get some really longpetioles.
You know that make it look likeit's canopied, right, and
that's the difference.
But when you tear that plantapart and you dig, but you know,
on the slide here this is kindof a summary of that those
trials that we did and whatyou'll see here is this first
(16:25):
one is a 30-inch rose and itcompares, you know, four
different varieties and we hadthe high and the low VPI versus
with a pre-only and apre-followed by post.
But you can see the impact ofbasically having clean soybeans.
Here was 6.9 bushels acrossthat when you average them all
(16:45):
together.
You know, just on weed controlso you think about row spacing,
you think about canopy, youthink about how does that
interact and what are thoseweeds robbing from us?
So you know we've talked a lotabout that, but really just
tying it back to row spacing andgetting that canopy is really
critically important.
So this one's 30-inch rows, youknow.
The next slide, basically youknow, looks at 15-inch rows and
(17:06):
this one actually jumps to 8.8.
So actually, you know we getnarrow row interaction.
So we do have an advantage overacross all the varieties
averaged together.
But if I call out that oneright there you'll see it's 13.7
.
So that variety veryspecifically really responded,
you know, to narrow rows, takingcare of the weeds, kind of
(17:27):
keeping everything under control.
You know, so on and so forth.
So really you know kind ofcritically important.
So you know, if you look at thenext slide you'll see that the
row spacing is very, veryimportant.
And this is kind of just adrone shot that I took looking
down at the trial where we had alot of different randomizations
and replications on this onesmall plot work.
You can see, you know at thistime you can see where the 15
(17:49):
inch rows are very clearly inthe canopy that we have on this
picture.
But the biggest thing on canopy,you know you look at the top
bullet there increased seasonallight interception in 15s is
basically more canopyphotosynthesis that we get.
Utilize more solar radiation incritical growth phases in those
(18:10):
narrow rows and 15 inch rows weget quicker canopy, you know,
conserve moisture, use it moreefficiently, you know.
Quicker canopy to provideincreased competition to weeds
cultural practice to aid in weedmanagement.
You know you really get thatair movement that you mentioned
earlier.
You know 30 inches.
You know for disease managementwhite mold for example we want
(18:30):
that airflow to get throughthere.
You know 30-inch rows.
You think about emergence.
You think about somechallenging things that we run
into during the season.
We get those planted early andthen we get that pounding rain
and we get that crust on top andsometimes we can't push through
.
But you know, if you get more,if you get eight seats per foot,
for example, at 140,000 and 30intros, you know we can emerge
better because they're going towork together basically to push
(18:52):
that versus 15s.
That would be a disadvantagethere.
So you think about all theequipment costs.
You think about theefficiencies, that kind of runs
we talked earlier between thetwo crops that we predominantly
have for the listeners of thepodcast here, with corn and
soybeans, really 15s, 30s or 20s, however you get there.
But really it's about you knowcanopy, it's about you know all
the stuff that I've talked abouton this slide and really how
(19:14):
important it is.
So that's kind of the quicksynopsis of really why canopy
matters, jeff, and high-yieldsoybean production in kind of my
mind.
So what are your thoughts on it?
Speaker 2 (19:24):
Yeah, no, you know I really can't add a whole lot to
what you just went over with.
I mean, yeah, canopy iscritical for myself because we
are in an area that tends to bea little bit drier.
As we're to the west, as wetend to have a little bit more
heat, we get more of that heatthat comes in.
Having that canopy that we canhave out there is critical to
(19:46):
help conserve some moisture, tobe efficient, but also to keep
that plant cooler, to keep thatdown there, because when we
don't have that canopy we gethot down there, especially for
us in a no-till situation.
We're radiating a lot of thatheat off of that ground or off
the soil and it can have a heatstress on our crop that they may
(20:08):
not have in some of the areasto the east.
So again, there's a lot ofbenefit to it and for us over
here white mold is still not aterrible issue but it's becoming
more and more of a prevalentissue, especially more in the
northeast part of the state thatwe have and more of the North
central.
But again, uh, there's a lot ofbenefits that canopy come to it
and again it's like um, youknow we've talked about before.
(20:31):
A happy plant gives you happyyields.
So keeping that plant happy,keeping it in good shape,
keeping everything working well,uh, really helps keep that
whole system working well andkeeps maximizing that potential
yield that we have out there.
So great comments fromeverything that we went over
today.
So, bill, you know we kind ofhit some stuff on row spacing.
(20:53):
We went over it Again.
It's not the sexiest topicprobably to talk about, but for
a lot of individuals, or someindividuals out there, you know
it's something that they'rethinking about or you know some
options that they may be lookingat to help them with some weed
control, with some higher yieldpotentials that we have out
there, and then maybe you knowjust some variety that they're
planning from whoever they sayit works better in this
(21:15):
situation, this row situation,than this.
So you know, trying to maximizethat yield.
So, with that being said, youknow we talked, you know, quite
a bit about row spacing.
Is there anything you want to,as we're signing off here, leave
with our listeners today somepoints or key points that you
really want to drill home withthem, or some take-home points
that you would like them to haveto make sure, just to keep a
(21:36):
mindset on.
Speaker 3 (21:37):
Yeah, jeff, no, no good.
So one topic we didn't coverthat I think we'll do in the
future, we will do in the futureis cover crops.
So how cover crops, you know,interact with this row spacing
as well.
So got some other trial workthat we're going to talk about
in a future episode on, you know, termination timing and kind of
tie all that together.
But I think there's someimportant pieces to really
understand.
(21:58):
On, like you mentioned, dataplanning you think about, you
know, canopy, you think aboutyou know canopy.
You think about, you know, rowclosure for, you know,
minimizing weed competition, allthis stuff that we've talked
about are really criticallyimportant to maximize soybean
yields really across the entirearea that we cover.
So you know that and that kindof goes back to our previous
episodes.
On, like I said, data planningand seeding rate how do those
(22:20):
interact Really, kind of go backto that G by E by M yield
triangle and seeding rate.
How do those interact Really,kind of go back to that G by E
by M yield triangle, really allthose things interact with one
another.
And then selecting that varietyto fit that environment that
you have If you're no-till, likeyou mentioned, or if you're
full width tillage, or you knowminimum till, or you know if
you're on a really slope highslope, or you know flat black
ground, or you know whatever yougot, you got some sand.
(22:40):
Whatever you're in irrigatedacre, you know.
All these things interact.
So I think that's the big pieceof the puzzle that we want to
make sure we look at and reallyunderstand how all these
components work together toreally maximize that soybean
production and really make themost bushels we can in a
commodity price situation wherewe're at like today, correct,
correct, no, that's great points.
Speaker 2 (23:01):
That's great points.
No-transcript closing comments.
(23:32):
Before we sign off today Nope,nope, just uh.
Speaker 3 (23:35):
Thanks for everybody listening, looking forward to
the next next episode.
Speaker 2 (23:38):
Absolutely, and thank you to all.
Thanks to all of you forjoining us today on this episode
of Spilling the Beans.
We invite you to download theGrow Smart Live app for more
resources and share this podcastwith other growers.
So for myself and from Bill, wewant to say thank you for
joining us today and make it agreat day.
Speaker 1 (23:54):
Thanks for joining us on Spilling the Beans, where
every episode gets you one stepcloser to maximizing your
soybean profitability.
If you found today's insightsvaluable, subscribe and leave us
a review on your favoriteplatform.
Download the Grow Smart Liveapp for more resources and share
the podcast with other growers.
See you next week with moreexpert tips to help you grow
(24:16):
smarter and achieve the bestyields yet.
Liberty Outlook Zidua, ziduaPro Poncho.
(24:53):
Motivo Precise Endura.
Speaker 3 (24:54):
Rivitec Fastax.
Speaker 1 (24:55):
ES Elevo Vault IP+.
Thank you.
Transcription by CastingWords.
Always conduct a compatibilityjar test.
Always consult respectiveproduct labels for specific
mixing instructions.
The most restrictive labelapplies.
Natai Fastax CS is arestricted-use pesticide.
Mimasphere Zorina and Voraxorare not registered and not
available for sale.
This information is providedfor educational purposes only
and is not intended to promotethe sale of this product.
Any sale of this product afterregistration is obtained shall
(25:17):
be based solely on theEPA-approved product label.
No-transcript.
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