January 13, 2024 • 28 mins
Ever wondered how the unseen digital postal codes of the internet work to keep our world connected? Prepare to have the veil lifted on the mysterious world of IP addresses as I, Professor JRod, guide you through the labyrinth of public and private IPs. From how your device communicates with the vast web through a unique global identifier to the local network connections safeguarded by private IPs, this episode is an enlightening expedition into the bedrock of internet connectivity. We also navigate the conversation toward the horizon of IPv6 and its potential to redefine our digital addressing system, ensuring you're ahead of the curve in understanding future technological shifts.
But it's not just about the numbers and technical jargon; we're locking down on the fortifications that keep your data safe. Discover how routers act as vigilant gatekeepers, translating and routing traffic while fortifying our networks with firewalls and encryption. I'll share indispensable troubleshooting tips for those pesky connectivity issues, and we'll explore the immeasurable value of private IP addresses in scaling up corporate networks securely. Closing on an inspiring note, I reflect on the profound impact of education. It's about more than imparting knowledge; it's about empowering lives and fostering success that resonates through generations. Join us for a journey that's not just about mastering the internet's language but about the broader significance of learning and its capacity to transform lives.
If you want to help me with my research please e-mail me.
Professorjrod@gmail.com
If you want to join my question/answer zoom class e-mail me at
Professorjrod@gmail.com
Art By Sarah/Desmond
Music by Joakim Karud
Little chacha Productions
Juan Rodriguez can be reached at
TikTok @ProfessorJrod
ProfessorJRod@gmail.com
@Prof_JRod
Instagram ProfessorJRod
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Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:29):
And welcome to Technology Tap.
This is Professor Jay Rod.
On this episode we're going totalk about public and private IP
address.
Let's get into it, alright,everyone Welcome.
(01:10):
Happy New Year everyone.
We're going to listen to mylast episode and shame on you If
you did not right.
We're going to talk aboutpublic and private IP addresses.
Before we get into that, let'sdo a little bit housekeeping.
One of the things I wanted totell you guys remind you guys
that I'm on TikTok now.
So if you want to follow me,I'm Professor Jay Rod on TikTok
(01:33):
and I do two, three, four shortminute clips on, you know, the
CompTIA series of exams.
You know how much I loveCompTIA and I do questions.
I do many lessons.
Check it out, tell me what youlike, you know, hit the like
button, hit the follow button,hit, you know, make a comment or
something.
If we get a lot of followers Idon't know how many it is for
(01:56):
TikTok, I think it's a thousandI can go live.
We can do live question andanswer sessions.
If you want, we can do a lot.
I'm finally, you know, thanksto my students who have been
encouraging me to go to TikTokand I've been blowing them off
and I decided to take the plungeover the Christmas break.
So let's do it.
Follow me on TikTok, professorJay Rod Alright.
(02:18):
So welcome everyone.
Today we're going to unravel theworld of IP address and their
certificates in the vast worldof networking.
So an IP address, or internetprotocol address, is a unique
numerical label assigned to eachdevice connected to a computer
network.
It serves as an identifier fordevices, allowing them to
(02:40):
connect to communicate with eachother.
So imagine IP addresses asdigital postal codes or zip
codes for the internet.
They enable seamlesscommunications between devices,
ensuring data reaches itsintended destination accurately
and efficiently.
And the intricate web ofnetworks.
(03:05):
Ip address are the backbonefacilitating the flow of
information across the globaldigital landscape.
Now let's introduce the conceptof public and private IP
addresses.
Public IP address is theaddress assigned to the devices
directly connected to theinternet.
It is uniquely global andallows devices to be accessed
(03:29):
from anywhere on the web.
Now, in order for this tohappen, they must get assigned
by your ISP.
Your ISP internet serviceprovider gives you a public IP
address, private IP address, onthe other hand, devices within a
local network, like your homeor office they all have private
(03:49):
IP address.
These address are not directlyreachable from the internet.
So, and which means if you areon the that address, that public
, that private IP address thatyou have on your computer, it
does not go out on the internet.
When it goes through yourrouter, your router's public IP
(04:12):
address becomes the IP addressthat the internet sees your
device, as it's never going tosee your device as the private
IP address that you have.
This is why there's always anissue.
When somebody is doing thingson, let's say, like a coffee
shop where everything is free,and this free Wi Fi, it becomes
a little bit, you know, hard forpeople to find out who's doing
(04:35):
what right.
I mean, you can do it by theMAC address and there's
different other ways, but youknow, if you just go one and
done, it's going to be hard tofind that person on that
particular day.
Universal presence it is crucialto grasp that every single
device connected to the internet, be your smartphone, laptop or
smart fridge, has his own IPaddress.
(04:57):
This digital identify isfundamental for devices to
locate and communicate with eachother in the vast interconnect
landscape of the internet.
But your laptop, smartphone andsmart fridge IPs are what their
private IPs?
Right, they're not public IPs,they are private IPs.
(05:19):
So now that you understand thebasic list, do a deep dive into
public IP address.
Public IP addresses are assignedby the internet service
providers to devices directlyconnected to the internet.
It's like the face of a devicein the global digital space.
Isps, the Internet Serviceproviders, play a crucial role
(05:45):
in assigning your public IPaddress.
When you connect to theInternet at home or in your
office, your ISP provides youwith a unique public IP address.
Are they dynamic or static?
Ip address can be dynamic,changing each time you connect,
or static permanent.
This depends on your ISPpolicies and your subscription
(06:08):
plan.
But most ISPs you will have thesame public IP address always.
But they are dynamic, whichmeans if you unplug your router
overnight, when you plug it inthe next day, you're probably
going to get a different publicIP address, most likely.
(06:28):
So global uniqueness public IPmust be globally unique.
Imagine it as a phone number.
You don't want two devices onthe Internet having the same
phone number.
Again, that's for public IPaddresses, right?
Public IP addresses cannot bethe same.
Two people cannot have the samepublic IP address.
Can they have the same privateIP address?
(06:49):
Yes, as long as they are ondifferent networks, they can.
Right, for example, all of usat home.
We can type on our browser192.168.1.1 and we will get our
router admin page Right.
So we each have the same IPaddress, and that's okay because
it's private, it's within ourown network, but you can have
(07:12):
two people in your house, youknow.
So, now that that IP address isassigned to your router, I
cannot assign that IP address toa device 192.168.1.1.
Right, with the transitioningto IPv6, which I don't know when
that's going to happen whichoffers an astronomical large
number of unique address, the.
(07:33):
The challenge of running out ofpublic a unique public IP
address is is already squashedwith IPv6.
But we don't know if everydevice with IPv6 ever comes out,
and that's going to be a bigchange in in it.
Whatever, each device is goingto get its own public IP or are
(07:53):
we still going to keep thepublic private IP?
If we're still going to keepthe same thing, I mean, why
change?
That's my whole thing.
Web servers one of the primaryuse case in hosting web servers.
Public IPs allow users fromanywhere on the internet to
access websites hosted on theservers.
That is correct.
So if you have a website athome, you're not going to be
(08:16):
able to have people go into yourwebsite and I mean physically
in your home, not not that youcreated at home and it's stored
on on the cloud somewhere.
That is the service physicallyin your house.
In order for people to accessit, you have to ask your ISP for
a different, for a differentpublic IP for that particular
(08:37):
server and you're going to pay alot of money for that Public
facing server.
Any service that needs to beaccessible globally, such as
online gaming service, videostreaming services or remote
access, relies on public IPaddress.
So let's take an example of webhosting.
When you visit a website, theweb servers public IP address is
(08:57):
what allows you to connect itto it over the internet.
Dns translates the domain nameto the associated public IP
address, directing your requestto the connected server.
So public IP address aregateways to the internet.
They enable global connectivity, allowing services and websites
(09:18):
to be accessed from anywhere inthe world.
But also the public IPs areseparated into what they call
classful networks and there'sthree categories this class A,
class B and class C.
For class A the first octave tobe a class A public IP address,
(09:38):
it has to start with betweenthe first octave, between one
and 126.
And that gives you for eachoctave, so for octaves, let's
say 10, or nine, right?
So nine dot zero, dot, zero,dot one.
Nine dot zero dot, zero, dottwo.
Nine dot zero dot, zero, dotthree.
Nine dot 100 dot 10, dot 54.
(10:00):
That nine network has theability to give you, because the
other two octaves, the otherthree octaves change, right, and
as you can go anywhere fromzero to 255, which gives you 256
different combinations, you canget with one IP, the IP address
of nine, that starts with nine,over 16.7 million hosts.
(10:24):
These are by ISPs, right,because one IP will give you
16.7 million hosts.
So then you have class B, whichis between 128 and 191, which is
65,000.
Sorry, that'll give you 65,000number of holes.
And why is it different fromclass A?
(10:46):
Well, class B is the first twooctaves, but it has to start
between 128 and 191.
So, for example, you can have190, that's zero, that's zero
dot one.
190, that's zero, that's zerodot two.
190.0, that 100, that 25, right, 190, that's, that's zero, that
(11:07):
100, that 26.
So the last two octaves change.
The first two octaves stay thesame.
So that just gives you 256different number of octaves or
combinations on the last twooctaves.
So it's 256 multiplied by 256,that gives you 65,000 different
(11:29):
combinations, and class C isbetween 192 and 223.
And the first three octavesstay the same.
The last one changes from zeroto 255, gives you 256 different
combinations.
That's a class C network.
So you have class A, class Band class C for public IPs,
(11:53):
right?
All right, let's continue.
Private IPs private IPs arelocated, which are usually
located within local networks.
But private IP, unlike publicIP, private IP are reserved for
use within local networks, suchas your home or office.
(12:16):
They are not directlyaccessible from the internet.
Private IPs are defined withinspecific ranges to avoid
conflicts with public address.
Common IP before privateaddress range includes.
Well, like public IP, privateIP also has three different
(12:38):
classes In the three differentclasses range.
So class A is goes from10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
Class B is 172, that goes from172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255.
(13:01):
And class C, which is the onesthat we are more familiar with
in our homes, is class C192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255.
Similar to IPv4, ipv6 hasreserved ranges for private
address.
(13:22):
But again, we're not worriedabout IPv6 now.
We worry about that in thefuture.
Private IP address are usedinternally within local networks
, creating a closed environmentwhere devices can communicate
with each other.
The router, within the localnetwork, assigns and manages
private IP addresses for thedevice.
(13:44):
Nat is the one network addresstranslation that allows multiple
devices between a local networkto share a single public IP
when accessing the internet.
When a device from a localnetwork request access to the
internet, the router assigns aunique temporary port number to
(14:06):
the device private IP address.
As the device leaves the localnetwork, the router translates
the private IP and the port tothe public IP in a different
port.
This way, the response from theinternet can be directed back
to the correct device.
Nat is crucial for conservingpublic IP addresses.
(14:29):
Without NAT, every device in alocal network will require a
unique IP address, which is notpractical given the limited
availability of IPv4 addresses.
Yeah, we ran out of IP addressesa long time ago.
Ladies and gentlemen, everybodythought when the internet first
started that we were going tohave these little devices that
we carry around in our pocketsthat would have access to the
(14:52):
internet, or that every deviceor every office in the world
will have access to the internet.
Almost every office in theworld has access to the internet
.
Believe this, ladies andgentlemen.
There was a time when there wasno cable, not cable TV, no
internet, cable run on theoffice, people had to run cable
(15:17):
in every office in the world inorder to get internet.
So imagine that.
Imagine that task that had tobe done.
So I just can't wait till theyswitch over to IPv6.
I want to see what they'regoing to do so and hand security
for that.
That access of firewall sorts,as Advices within the local
network are not directlyaccessible to the internet
(15:39):
unless they go through therouter, which then translates
using that Translates, theirprivate IP addresses to a public
IP.
So here's an example.
Consider home network.
Multiple devices likesmartphones, laptops and smart
TVs share a public IP Addressedthrough that While assessing the
internet.
So every device that goesthrough your Router shares the
(16:04):
same IP address going out.
So if you go to your computerand you go to the command line,
if you don't know how to go tocommand line, go to start run
and type Cmd like cash, money,dollar, hit enter.
You're gonna see a command line.
If you type IP config on there,you are going to see your IPv4
(16:25):
address.
That's your IP address.
That's your private IP addressFor that particular device that
you're using Right now.
If you want to know what yourpublic IP address, right?
All you got to do is open up abrowser Right, go to Google and
type what's my IP address, youhit enter and then you're gonna
(16:47):
get your public IP address.
That's the address that theinternet sees every single one
of your devices as the IP as itgoes out Through your router.
Right, every device, yourcomputer, your laptop, your
smart TV, everything that goesout on the internet in your
house is gonna it's gonna havethat Public IP address attached
(17:07):
to it, not the one on the device.
It's gonna be that one, the onethat's given by the ISP.
So that ensures seamlessconnectivity for multiple
devices and a local networkwhile utilizing a limited number
of Public IP address, becauseit's definitely going to save us
With the amount of IP addressesthat we already use in the
(17:28):
world.
This is what we need.
So, differences between publicand private IP Distinctions.
Now let's highlight the keydifferences between public and
private.
Public IP addresses areglobally unique and accessible
from the internet, while privateIPs are used within closed
local network.
Security implications of privateIP addresses.
(17:50):
When it comes to private IPaddresses within local network,
intranet security Devicescommunicate within the local
network, creating a secureenvironment, right.
So this enables you tocommunicate with devices Inside
your network.
Then isolation from theinternet.
Private IP addresses are notdirectly reachable From the
internet, providing anadditional layer of security.
(18:13):
Home networks in a home networkscenario devices smartphone,
laptops, smart TV share aprivate IP address range when
you go access to the internet.
That allows seamless internetaccess for all devices While
using a single public IP address.
A Corporate intranets corporateintranets in a corporate
(18:34):
settings internal communicationDepartments and teams
communicate using private IPaddresses.
For example, you're connectingto your server at the office.
You're connecting Via yourprivate IP address.
You're not connecting Via thepublic IP address because your
server is not going out on theinternet.
(18:54):
Your file server Right, yourfile server, the one that you're
getting that you're sharing allthe files with that's not going
on on the internet.
Access to the internet nowallows, seems, internet access
for devices.
All security enhanced securityas an internal network details
are shielded from an externalinternet.
(19:15):
Roll of routers and managingpublic and private IP addresses
Routers functions.
Routers play a crucial role inmanaging both public and private
IP addresses within a network.
Public to private.
Routers handle the translationof public to private address
using NAT.
Routing traffic.
(19:35):
They route traffic betweendevices in the local network and
the external internet.
Security measures and routersrouters Implemented security
features to prefer to protectthe local network.
Firewalls filtering and andcontrolling incoming and
outgoing traffic.
Access control defining rulesfor which devices can access
(19:58):
certain resources.
Secure communications in bothhome and corporate network.
The use of private IP addressesensure Secure communications
within the network.
Encryptions adding encryptionlayers further secures data
transmission.
Scalability and corporatenetwork scalability and
(20:19):
corporate environment.
The use of private IP addressesallow for the scalability of
the network without needing avast number of public IP address
.
Efficient resource utilizationResources can be effectively
used within the organization'sprivate space.
In summary, understanding thedifference between public and
(20:39):
private IP address is crucialfor designing secure and
efficient networks.
So that's what you know.
It's very important, bothpublic and private.
It's you know it's a very easy.
It's not a topic that is veryhard, you know.
(21:00):
One of the things that I failedto mention is what happens if
you don't get an IP addressRight.
You may see if you ever do anIP config let's say you're not
getting access to the internetand you Do an IP config on your
computer and you get an IPaddress that starts with 1, 6, 9
(21:21):
, 2, 5, 4.
Right, the last two octavesdon't really mean.
Whatever it has, it doesn'treally mean anything.
What if it starts with 1, 6, 9,2, 5, 4?
That's an, a PIPA address, orautomatic private IP Addressing,
and you will get an, a PIPA, aPIPA or PIPA.
People pronounce it differently.
When your, when it's somethingwrong with whatever device is in
(21:45):
charge of giving out IPs.
So in your house, if you everget it at home, it's something
wrong with your router.
Your router is not giving outthe IPs.
You may want to reset it.
Or if you add work and it'smultiple people Key here is
multiple people are having aPIPA address you might want to
go and usually there's a Windowsserver or some kind of server
(22:08):
that is giving out IPs.
That is the DHCP server.
When that happens, you mightwant to reset that server and
then, once that server iscomplete, it'll it'll give out
the IPs.
Now, if it's just one User thatthis is happening to and I tell
this to everybody who takes anyone of my classes and they ask
(22:28):
you, they might ask you this inan interview question.
If they say hey, you walk inand somebody says, hey, I don't
have any internet or any email,and you go to the computer and
you type IP config and you seethat have an IP address of
169254.
How do you fix it?
Well, I'll tell you the easiestway to fix it, but not the
(22:49):
answer that they want you tohear.
If you say reboot, that that'sgonna fix it.
That's probably gonna fix it,but that's also probably gonna
fix you to get kicked out of theinterview, right, they're gonna
be like okay, thank you forcoming, it was nice meeting you.
And then you're gone.
Right, what?
What you should say is well,I'll go to command line on that
(23:10):
PC, I'll do IP config spaceforward, slash, release and then
I'll type and then hit enterand then I'll type IP config
space forward slash, renew andthat will give the for the Sora,
what the Dora, what I call Dorahandshake.
It's the four-way handshake andyou and that PC should get a
(23:34):
New IP address.
Right, the PIPA address Leavesand is replaced by regular IP.
This all has to do with the ACP,which I'm gonna do a separate
lesson on.
I think I did one verysuperficial in the beginning of
doing the podcast, but I'm gonnakind of like do a deeper dive
on the ACP, because this is.
This is one of those thingsthat you know, some people don't
(23:56):
really understand 100%.
And plus, it gives you a really, really good idea, like how the
internet actually works.
Right.
How does this thing work Right?
How does?
How do I get from a to b?
So it's and it's.
You know the foundation of theinternet and this again, all
this stuff, it's not networking,it's.
This is all a plus.
This is all that should betaught in your hardware class,
(24:18):
in your a plus class, right,because it is on the comp TAA
plus exam, so you should be ableto know it.
If you have your teachers we'renot teaching it, then they're
not really going doing a goodjob, because in hardware they
should be going over.
How do you get an IP address?
That's, that's, uh, you know,comp Tia 101, right there, guys,
so, yeah, so with that, I mean,we're not done yet, but I just
(24:43):
want to say, just want to remindyou that I'm on tiktok, I'm at
Professor J rod, stop by, lookat one of the videos, you know,
look at a bunch of them.
I'm trying to go live, but Ithink I need a thousand likes or
thousand followers, somethinglike that, and if I get that, I
I could do live question answersessions with you.
(25:04):
I, you know.
If you're having issues, youknow with one particular topic,
I can explain it.
But you need to go on tiktokand, you know, follow, like and
all that stuff, because that'sthe only way I'm gonna get my
numbers up.
So I started a couple of daysago and I'm kind of stuck out at
700 people looking at it.
It hasn't gone up from there.
(25:25):
I know there's differentHashtags and all that.
If anybody knows, if anybody'slike one of those social media
people Out there and can give mesome tips on how to get more
viewers, just email me.
Professor J rod that's J R O Dhad gmailcom and and, yeah,
shoot me some advice on what Ican do to get my, my views up
(25:48):
now.
I would really appreciate that.
I'm not doing this for money,guys.
I'm not looking to be amillionaire Off of this, but you
know there's some expenses thatoccur from doing these podcasts
.
You know that's I pay money forequipment and stuff like that.
So I would like to bereimbursed, you know.
So now I'm not trying to makerich or quit my job, only thing
I love my job, but you know, topay for some of these expenses,
(26:11):
you know, and the ability to goto conferences.
You know, if I make even enoughmoney for that, I would love to
be able to do that.
And you know, take this a littlebit.
You know, take our little show,you know, broad and and and get
more notice and get more peopleto interview.
And you know, just help youguys, because that's what the
goal is with this podcast andnow with this tiktok right.
(26:34):
Professor J rod J R O D somepeople spell a J a Y R O D.
No, it's J R O D, like thebaseball player, a rod right.
But if you, you know, want tolisten to it, you know, ask
questions.
Already have people asking mequestions on the comment section
, which is great.
I love going back and forth withwith you guys, because my
(26:56):
ultimate goal is you guysPassing and emailing me and
telling me that I helped you andthen you were able to pass and
you got a new job and you got anew career and you're making
money and you helping yourfamily.
There's nothing, nothing betterthan that, guys.
That's this is why I do thisJust to help you guys, help my
students, you know, and and hopeand wishing that you all
(27:18):
succeed because, at the end ofthe day, guys, this is why we do
it right.
We do it for us, we do it forour families.
We want to be successful, wewant to progress, we want to
move up the ladder, we want tochange our life and change our
Families lives, generationallives, right, and this is how we
do it through education.
So that's gonna put a ball onit today, guys.
(27:42):
Thank you so much for listening.
I Appreciate each and every oneof you.
You know that Until next time,this has been a presentation of
(28:19):
little trash at productions Artby Sarah, music by Joe Kim.
If you want to reach me, youcan email me, professor J rod J
R O D, at gmailcom, on tiktokapp, or, first of J rod, on
Instagram, at professor J rod.
And welcome to Technology Tap.
This is Professor Jay Rod.
On this episode we're going totalk about public and private IP
address.
Let's get into it, alright,everyone Welcome.
(01:10):
Happy New Year everyone.
We're going to listen to mylast episode and shame on you If
you did not right.
We're going to talk aboutpublic and private IP addresses.
Before we get into that, let'sdo a little bit housekeeping.
One of the things I wanted totell you guys remind you guys
that I'm on TikTok now.
So if you want to follow me,I'm Professor Jay Rod on TikTok
(01:33):
and I do two, three, four shortminute clips on, you know, the
CompTIA series of exams.
You know how much I loveCompTIA and I do questions.
I do many lessons.
Check it out, tell me what youlike, you know, hit the like
button, hit the follow button,hit, you know, make a comment or
something.
If we get a lot of followers Idon't know how many it is for
(01:56):
TikTok, I think it's a thousandI can go live.
We can do live question andanswer sessions.
If you want, we can do a lot.
I'm finally, you know, thanksto my students who have been
encouraging me to go to TikTokand I've been blowing them off
and I decided to take the plungeover the Christmas break.
So let's do it.
Follow me on TikTok, professorJay Rod Alright.
(02:18):
So welcome everyone.
Today we're going to unravel theworld of IP address and their
certificates in the vast worldof networking.
So an IP address, or internetprotocol address, is a unique
numerical label assigned to eachdevice connected to a computer
network.
It serves as an identifier fordevices, allowing them to
(02:40):
connect to communicate with eachother.
So imagine IP addresses asdigital postal codes or zip
codes for the internet.
They enable seamlesscommunications between devices,
ensuring data reaches itsintended destination accurately
and efficiently.
And the intricate web ofnetworks.
(03:05):
Ip address are the backbonefacilitating the flow of
information across the globaldigital landscape.
Now let's introduce the conceptof public and private IP
addresses.
Public IP address is theaddress assigned to the devices
directly connected to theinternet.
It is uniquely global andallows devices to be accessed
(03:29):
from anywhere on the web.
Now, in order for this tohappen, they must get assigned
by your ISP.
Your ISP internet serviceprovider gives you a public IP
address, private IP address, onthe other hand, devices within a
local network, like your homeor office they all have private
(03:49):
IP address.
These address are not directlyreachable from the internet.
So, and which means if you areon the that address, that public
, that private IP address thatyou have on your computer, it
does not go out on the internet.
When it goes through yourrouter, your router's public IP
(04:12):
address becomes the IP addressthat the internet sees your
device, as it's never going tosee your device as the private
IP address that you have.
This is why there's always anissue.
When somebody is doing thingson, let's say, like a coffee
shop where everything is free,and this free Wi Fi, it becomes
a little bit, you know, hard forpeople to find out who's doing
(04:35):
what right.
I mean, you can do it by theMAC address and there's
different other ways, but youknow, if you just go one and
done, it's going to be hard tofind that person on that
particular day.
Universal presence it is crucialto grasp that every single
device connected to the internet, be your smartphone, laptop or
smart fridge, has his own IPaddress.
(04:57):
This digital identify isfundamental for devices to
locate and communicate with eachother in the vast interconnect
landscape of the internet.
But your laptop, smartphone andsmart fridge IPs are what their
private IPs?
Right, they're not public IPs,they are private IPs.
(05:19):
So now that you understand thebasic list, do a deep dive into
public IP address.
Public IP addresses are assignedby the internet service
providers to devices directlyconnected to the internet.
It's like the face of a devicein the global digital space.
Isps, the Internet Serviceproviders, play a crucial role
(05:45):
in assigning your public IPaddress.
When you connect to theInternet at home or in your
office, your ISP provides youwith a unique public IP address.
Are they dynamic or static?
Ip address can be dynamic,changing each time you connect,
or static permanent.
This depends on your ISPpolicies and your subscription
(06:08):
plan.
But most ISPs you will have thesame public IP address always.
But they are dynamic, whichmeans if you unplug your router
overnight, when you plug it inthe next day, you're probably
going to get a different publicIP address, most likely.
(06:28):
So global uniqueness public IPmust be globally unique.
Imagine it as a phone number.
You don't want two devices onthe Internet having the same
phone number.
Again, that's for public IPaddresses, right?
Public IP addresses cannot bethe same.
Two people cannot have the samepublic IP address.
Can they have the same privateIP address?
(06:49):
Yes, as long as they are ondifferent networks, they can.
Right, for example, all of usat home.
We can type on our browser192.168.1.1 and we will get our
router admin page Right.
So we each have the same IPaddress, and that's okay because
it's private, it's within ourown network, but you can have
(07:12):
two people in your house, youknow.
So, now that that IP address isassigned to your router, I
cannot assign that IP address toa device 192.168.1.1.
Right, with the transitioningto IPv6, which I don't know when
that's going to happen whichoffers an astronomical large
number of unique address, the.
(07:33):
The challenge of running out ofpublic a unique public IP
address is is already squashedwith IPv6.
But we don't know if everydevice with IPv6 ever comes out,
and that's going to be a bigchange in in it.
Whatever, each device is goingto get its own public IP or are
(07:53):
we still going to keep thepublic private IP?
If we're still going to keepthe same thing, I mean, why
change?
That's my whole thing.
Web servers one of the primaryuse case in hosting web servers.
Public IPs allow users fromanywhere on the internet to
access websites hosted on theservers.
That is correct.
So if you have a website athome, you're not going to be
(08:16):
able to have people go into yourwebsite and I mean physically
in your home, not not that youcreated at home and it's stored
on on the cloud somewhere.
That is the service physicallyin your house.
In order for people to accessit, you have to ask your ISP for
a different, for a differentpublic IP for that particular
(08:37):
server and you're going to pay alot of money for that Public
facing server.
Any service that needs to beaccessible globally, such as
online gaming service, videostreaming services or remote
access, relies on public IPaddress.
So let's take an example of webhosting.
When you visit a website, theweb servers public IP address is
(08:57):
what allows you to connect itto it over the internet.
Dns translates the domain nameto the associated public IP
address, directing your requestto the connected server.
So public IP address aregateways to the internet.
They enable global connectivity, allowing services and websites
(09:18):
to be accessed from anywhere inthe world.
But also the public IPs areseparated into what they call
classful networks and there'sthree categories this class A,
class B and class C.
For class A the first octave tobe a class A public IP address,
(09:38):
it has to start with betweenthe first octave, between one
and 126.
And that gives you for eachoctave, so for octaves, let's
say 10, or nine, right?
So nine dot zero, dot, zero,dot one.
Nine dot zero dot, zero, dottwo.
Nine dot zero dot, zero, dotthree.
Nine dot 100 dot 10, dot 54.
(10:00):
That nine network has theability to give you, because the
other two octaves, the otherthree octaves change, right, and
as you can go anywhere fromzero to 255, which gives you 256
different combinations, you canget with one IP, the IP address
of nine, that starts with nine,over 16.7 million hosts.
(10:24):
These are by ISPs, right,because one IP will give you
16.7 million hosts.
So then you have class B, whichis between 128 and 191, which is
65,000.
Sorry, that'll give you 65,000number of holes.
And why is it different fromclass A?
(10:46):
Well, class B is the first twooctaves, but it has to start
between 128 and 191.
So, for example, you can have190, that's zero, that's zero
dot one.
190, that's zero, that's zerodot two.
190.0, that 100, that 25, right, 190, that's, that's zero, that
(11:07):
100, that 26.
So the last two octaves change.
The first two octaves stay thesame.
So that just gives you 256different number of octaves or
combinations on the last twooctaves.
So it's 256 multiplied by 256,that gives you 65,000 different
(11:29):
combinations, and class C isbetween 192 and 223.
And the first three octavesstay the same.
The last one changes from zeroto 255, gives you 256 different
combinations.
That's a class C network.
So you have class A, class Band class C for public IPs,
(11:53):
right?
All right, let's continue.
Private IPs private IPs arelocated, which are usually
located within local networks.
But private IP, unlike publicIP, private IP are reserved for
use within local networks, suchas your home or office.
(12:16):
They are not directlyaccessible from the internet.
Private IPs are defined withinspecific ranges to avoid
conflicts with public address.
Common IP before privateaddress range includes.
Well, like public IP, privateIP also has three different
(12:38):
classes In the three differentclasses range.
So class A is goes from10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
Class B is 172, that goes from172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255.
(13:01):
And class C, which is the onesthat we are more familiar with
in our homes, is class C192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255.
Similar to IPv4, ipv6 hasreserved ranges for private
address.
(13:22):
But again, we're not worriedabout IPv6 now.
We worry about that in thefuture.
Private IP address are usedinternally within local networks
, creating a closed environmentwhere devices can communicate
with each other.
The router, within the localnetwork, assigns and manages
private IP addresses for thedevice.
(13:44):
Nat is the one network addresstranslation that allows multiple
devices between a local networkto share a single public IP
when accessing the internet.
When a device from a localnetwork request access to the
internet, the router assigns aunique temporary port number to
(14:06):
the device private IP address.
As the device leaves the localnetwork, the router translates
the private IP and the port tothe public IP in a different
port.
This way, the response from theinternet can be directed back
to the correct device.
Nat is crucial for conservingpublic IP addresses.
(14:29):
Without NAT, every device in alocal network will require a
unique IP address, which is notpractical given the limited
availability of IPv4 addresses.
Yeah, we ran out of IP addressesa long time ago.
Ladies and gentlemen, everybodythought when the internet first
started that we were going tohave these little devices that
we carry around in our pocketsthat would have access to the
(14:52):
internet, or that every deviceor every office in the world
will have access to the internet.
Almost every office in theworld has access to the internet
.
Believe this, ladies andgentlemen.
There was a time when there wasno cable, not cable TV, no
internet, cable run on theoffice, people had to run cable
(15:17):
in every office in the world inorder to get internet.
So imagine that.
Imagine that task that had tobe done.
So I just can't wait till theyswitch over to IPv6.
I want to see what they'regoing to do so and hand security
for that.
That access of firewall sorts,as Advices within the local
network are not directlyaccessible to the internet
(15:39):
unless they go through therouter, which then translates
using that Translates, theirprivate IP addresses to a public
IP.
So here's an example.
Consider home network.
Multiple devices likesmartphones, laptops and smart
TVs share a public IP Addressedthrough that While assessing the
internet.
So every device that goesthrough your Router shares the
(16:04):
same IP address going out.
So if you go to your computerand you go to the command line,
if you don't know how to go tocommand line, go to start run
and type Cmd like cash, money,dollar, hit enter.
You're gonna see a command line.
If you type IP config on there,you are going to see your IPv4
(16:25):
address.
That's your IP address.
That's your private IP addressFor that particular device that
you're using Right now.
If you want to know what yourpublic IP address, right?
All you got to do is open up abrowser Right, go to Google and
type what's my IP address, youhit enter and then you're gonna
(16:47):
get your public IP address.
That's the address that theinternet sees every single one
of your devices as the IP as itgoes out Through your router.
Right, every device, yourcomputer, your laptop, your
smart TV, everything that goesout on the internet in your
house is gonna it's gonna havethat Public IP address attached
(17:07):
to it, not the one on the device.
It's gonna be that one, the onethat's given by the ISP.
So that ensures seamlessconnectivity for multiple
devices and a local networkwhile utilizing a limited number
of Public IP address, becauseit's definitely going to save us
With the amount of IP addressesthat we already use in the
(17:28):
world.
This is what we need.
So, differences between publicand private IP Distinctions.
Now let's highlight the keydifferences between public and
private.
Public IP addresses areglobally unique and accessible
from the internet, while privateIPs are used within closed
local network.
Security implications of privateIP addresses.
(17:50):
When it comes to private IPaddresses within local network,
intranet security Devicescommunicate within the local
network, creating a secureenvironment, right.
So this enables you tocommunicate with devices Inside
your network.
Then isolation from theinternet.
Private IP addresses are notdirectly reachable From the
internet, providing anadditional layer of security.
(18:13):
Home networks in a home networkscenario devices smartphone,
laptops, smart TV share aprivate IP address range when
you go access to the internet.
That allows seamless internetaccess for all devices While
using a single public IP address.
A Corporate intranets corporateintranets in a corporate
(18:34):
settings internal communicationDepartments and teams
communicate using private IPaddresses.
For example, you're connectingto your server at the office.
You're connecting Via yourprivate IP address.
You're not connecting Via thepublic IP address because your
server is not going out on theinternet.
(18:54):
Your file server Right, yourfile server, the one that you're
getting that you're sharing allthe files with that's not going
on on the internet.
Access to the internet nowallows, seems, internet access
for devices.
All security enhanced securityas an internal network details
are shielded from an externalinternet.
(19:15):
Roll of routers and managingpublic and private IP addresses
Routers functions.
Routers play a crucial role inmanaging both public and private
IP addresses within a network.
Public to private.
Routers handle the translationof public to private address
using NAT.
Routing traffic.
(19:35):
They route traffic betweendevices in the local network and
the external internet.
Security measures and routersrouters Implemented security
features to prefer to protectthe local network.
Firewalls filtering and andcontrolling incoming and
outgoing traffic.
Access control defining rulesfor which devices can access
(19:58):
certain resources.
Secure communications in bothhome and corporate network.
The use of private IP addressesensure Secure communications
within the network.
Encryptions adding encryptionlayers further secures data
transmission.
Scalability and corporatenetwork scalability and
(20:19):
corporate environment.
The use of private IP addressesallow for the scalability of
the network without needing avast number of public IP address
.
Efficient resource utilizationResources can be effectively
used within the organization'sprivate space.
In summary, understanding thedifference between public and
(20:39):
private IP address is crucialfor designing secure and
efficient networks.
So that's what you know.
It's very important, bothpublic and private.
It's you know it's a very easy.
It's not a topic that is veryhard, you know.
(21:00):
One of the things that I failedto mention is what happens if
you don't get an IP addressRight.
You may see if you ever do anIP config let's say you're not
getting access to the internetand you Do an IP config on your
computer and you get an IPaddress that starts with 1, 6, 9
(21:21):
, 2, 5, 4.
Right, the last two octavesdon't really mean.
Whatever it has, it doesn'treally mean anything.
What if it starts with 1, 6, 9,2, 5, 4?
That's an, a PIPA address, orautomatic private IP Addressing,
and you will get an, a PIPA, aPIPA or PIPA.
People pronounce it differently.
When your, when it's somethingwrong with whatever device is in
(21:45):
charge of giving out IPs.
So in your house, if you everget it at home, it's something
wrong with your router.
Your router is not giving outthe IPs.
You may want to reset it.
Or if you add work and it'smultiple people Key here is
multiple people are having aPIPA address you might want to
go and usually there's a Windowsserver or some kind of server
(22:08):
that is giving out IPs.
That is the DHCP server.
When that happens, you mightwant to reset that server and
then, once that server iscomplete, it'll it'll give out
the IPs.
Now, if it's just one User thatthis is happening to and I tell
this to everybody who takes anyone of my classes and they ask
(22:28):
you, they might ask you this inan interview question.
If they say hey, you walk inand somebody says, hey, I don't
have any internet or any email,and you go to the computer and
you type IP config and you seethat have an IP address of
169254.
How do you fix it?
Well, I'll tell you the easiestway to fix it, but not the
(22:49):
answer that they want you tohear.
If you say reboot, that that'sgonna fix it.
That's probably gonna fix it,but that's also probably gonna
fix you to get kicked out of theinterview, right, they're gonna
be like okay, thank you forcoming, it was nice meeting you.
And then you're gone.
Right, what?
What you should say is well,I'll go to command line on that
(23:10):
PC, I'll do IP config spaceforward, slash, release and then
I'll type and then hit enterand then I'll type IP config
space forward slash, renew andthat will give the for the Sora,
what the Dora, what I call Dorahandshake.
It's the four-way handshake andyou and that PC should get a
(23:34):
New IP address.
Right, the PIPA address Leavesand is replaced by regular IP.
This all has to do with the ACP,which I'm gonna do a separate
lesson on.
I think I did one verysuperficial in the beginning of
doing the podcast, but I'm gonnakind of like do a deeper dive
on the ACP, because this is.
This is one of those thingsthat you know, some people don't
(23:56):
really understand 100%.
And plus, it gives you a really, really good idea, like how the
internet actually works.
Right.
How does this thing work Right?
How does?
How do I get from a to b?
So it's and it's.
You know the foundation of theinternet and this again, all
this stuff, it's not networking,it's.
This is all a plus.
This is all that should betaught in your hardware class,
(24:18):
in your a plus class, right,because it is on the comp TAA
plus exam, so you should be ableto know it.
If you have your teachers we'renot teaching it, then they're
not really going doing a goodjob, because in hardware they
should be going over.
How do you get an IP address?
That's, that's, uh, you know,comp Tia 101, right there, guys,
so, yeah, so with that, I mean,we're not done yet, but I just
(24:43):
want to say, just want to remindyou that I'm on tiktok, I'm at
Professor J rod, stop by, lookat one of the videos, you know,
look at a bunch of them.
I'm trying to go live, but Ithink I need a thousand likes or
thousand followers, somethinglike that, and if I get that, I
I could do live question answersessions with you.
(25:04):
I, you know.
If you're having issues, youknow with one particular topic,
I can explain it.
But you need to go on tiktokand, you know, follow, like and
all that stuff, because that'sthe only way I'm gonna get my
numbers up.
So I started a couple of daysago and I'm kind of stuck out at
700 people looking at it.
It hasn't gone up from there.
(25:25):
I know there's differentHashtags and all that.
If anybody knows, if anybody'slike one of those social media
people Out there and can give mesome tips on how to get more
viewers, just email me.
Professor J rod that's J R O Dhad gmailcom and and, yeah,
shoot me some advice on what Ican do to get my, my views up
(25:48):
now.
I would really appreciate that.
I'm not doing this for money,guys.
I'm not looking to be amillionaire Off of this, but you
know there's some expenses thatoccur from doing these podcasts
.
You know that's I pay money forequipment and stuff like that.
So I would like to bereimbursed, you know.
So now I'm not trying to makerich or quit my job, only thing
I love my job, but you know, topay for some of these expenses,
(26:11):
you know, and the ability to goto conferences.
You know, if I make even enoughmoney for that, I would love to
be able to do that.
And you know, take this a littlebit.
You know, take our little show,you know, broad and and and get
more notice and get more peopleto interview.
And you know, just help youguys, because that's what the
goal is with this podcast andnow with this tiktok right.
(26:34):
Professor J rod J R O D somepeople spell a J a Y R O D.
No, it's J R O D, like thebaseball player, a rod right.
But if you, you know, want tolisten to it, you know, ask
questions.
Already have people asking mequestions on the comment section
, which is great.
I love going back and forth withwith you guys, because my
(26:56):
ultimate goal is you guysPassing and emailing me and
telling me that I helped you andthen you were able to pass and
you got a new job and you got anew career and you're making
money and you helping yourfamily.
There's nothing, nothing betterthan that, guys.
That's this is why I do thisJust to help you guys, help my
students, you know, and and hopeand wishing that you all
(27:18):
succeed because, at the end ofthe day, guys, this is why we do
it right.
We do it for us, we do it forour families.
We want to be successful, wewant to progress, we want to
move up the ladder, we want tochange our life and change our
Families lives, generationallives, right, and this is how we
do it through education.
So that's gonna put a ball onit today, guys.
(27:42):
Thank you so much for listening.
I Appreciate each and every oneof you.
You know that Until next time,this has been a presentation of
(28:19):
little trash at productions Artby Sarah, music by Joe Kim.
If you want to reach me, youcan email me, professor J rod J
R O D, at gmailcom, on tiktokapp, or, first of J rod, on
Instagram, at professor J rod.
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