August 10, 2024 • 34 mins
Today's episode of the Anthems podcast delves into the story behind Slovenia's national anthem, "Straulitza," a song rooted in themes of unity, freedom, and national pride. The anthem, which draws inspiration from the ideals of the French Revolution, was composed by poet Franz Preseren in 1844 and later set to music by Stanko Premrl. Patrick explores Slovenia's rich cultural history, including its tumultuous past under various empires and the evolution of its national identity leading up to independence. He highlights how the anthem symbolizes a collective call for solidarity among Slovenians and reflects their aspirations for peace and cooperation. As we journey through Slovenia's history, we also discover the personal stories of the individuals who shaped its literary and musical landscape, culminating in a celebration of national spirit.
If you've come here then hey, hi, how are you. Here are the notes
- https://archive.ph/20120805163738/www.slovenija2001.gov.si/pot/kronologija/
- https://www.muzej-nz.si/
- https://physics.fe.uni-lj.si/members/iglic/history/uporaba_slovenscine.pdf
- http://ezb.ijs.si/fedoragsearch/rest?operation=gfindObjects&query=%2Bauthor:Kotnik,%20Fran+dc.format:text+AND+project:nrss&hitPageSize=5000
- https://www.slovenia.info/en/plan-your-trip/facts-about-slovenia
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gentilic
- https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Semantics_of_Nouns/n0ypDgAAQBAJ?hl=en
- https://www.altitude-activities.com/slovenian-food-10-dishes-you-have-to-try
- https://www.google.com/books/edition/Slovenia/JQV6kAwT4v0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Zdravljica++French+Revolution&pg=PA24&printsec=frontcover
- http://www.dvajset.si/prvih-20/pregled/prej-in-zdaj/drzavni-simboli/
- https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-UZDTC6FY/?=&language=eng
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110410123608/http://www.zgs.gov.si/eng/slovenian-forests/forests-in-slovenia/forestation-and-variety-of-forests/index.html
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Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
(00:15):
Hello, and welcome to theAnthems podcast. I'm Patrick, and
I'm here to tell you the story of
a song that helps to tell the story
of a nation. Today, we are taking
a 14and a half hour plane ride, rather
than ten days at sea, to cover 6255
miles between capitals of Mexico
andthe current country. That's a distance
of 10,065. It's a distance that would
cost me $1,110 based on my vehicle's
20miles to the gallon average, and
acurrent average gas price here of
$3.5 per gallon. It sounds like a
lot of money, but it's an amount
ofmoney that would get you a quarter
of away around the globe to a country
that's because of its location on
the globe, has been in many an empire.
The country has been part of the
Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire,
theCarolinian Empire, the Roman Empire,
the kingdom of Hungary, the Republic
ofVenice, Napoleon's empire, the Austrian
Empire, the Austro Hungarian Empire,
the state of the Slovenes, Croats,
andSerbs, the kingdom of Yugoslavia,
a triplyoccupied state in world War two,
then back to a new communist Yugoslavia
after the war, finally becoming an
independent country. And if youve
guessed from that list that I was
talking about Slovenia today, then
you knew more than I did. I landed
onSlovenia because my wife randomly
requested it when I was looking for
a next country. She isnt sure why,
but the name is nice to say. Etymologically,
itmeans land of the Slavs. And knowing
that Slavic means the the people
speaka slavic language are two things
thatdon't actually tell us all that much
at all. But this is the very beginning
ofa podcast that I will use to tell
you about straut, or, in English,
thetoast. So at least that tells us
something. It's a song and a story
that you might be surprised by. I
know that I was. Slovenia is another
country that I was fairly blank slate
on before starting the reading for
this episode. One of the first things
that I learned was a new word that
Irather like called deminem. It's
also called a gentilic, and it identifies
a group of people in relation to
aparticular place. For example, I
am a New Englander, and people that
are from Slovenia are slovenian,
literallyfrom the land of the Slavs. I gotta
tell you folks right now, sitting
in acafe there, enjoying some of the
delicious looking slovenian food
I've seen that I'm gonna be making.
Atleast some of it sounds pretty good.
Perhaps I'd even get to raise a small
glass of schnapps in appreciation
of mysurroundings during the vintage two
minute and 32nd rendition of Straulitza
that is very close to what you are
about to hear. I saw some my initial
reaction is a little bit of a smile
because it sounds kind of like a
happy song. Given the specifics,
which wewill get to once I lay a bit of groundwork,
this kind of proclamation of happiness
makes some sense. It's a good song,
and I've registered my approval with
my music algorithms. It's also, I
think, a good song to play in the
woods, which sounds weird now that
it's out of my head and I said it,
but I'm going to run with the connection.
Igrew up in a part of the world where
nearly 60% of it is forested, so
Ispent a lot of time playing music
inthe woods. Slovenia has got about
thesame coverage, and most of it is
good timber, although I don't really
know what makes good timber grow
ina certain place. So more to read
about in the future for me someday.
Fornow, I want to put this forest on
a map and get moving here. Countries
thatare very near to Italy are not terribly
hard for me to locate, despite not
actually knowing where Slovenia was
before this episode. Find Italy on
a map looks like a boot and move
upthe coast from the heel and keep
going until you run out of adriatic
sea.There you'll find the tiny bit of
coastline that Slovenia has in the
Gulf of Trieste. It's sandwiched
inbetween San Bartolomeu on the italian
side and Conegra on the croatian
side.Perhaps more usefully, Slovenia is
bordered to the north by Austria,
thesouth by Croatia, to the west by
Italy, and there is a little bit
ofHungary at the eastern end. It's
amostly temperate country that covers
20,271 km², or 7827 sq. Mi. Besides
being mostly forested, it is also
mostly on the side of mountains.
There areobviously exceptions, and one of
them is significant enough that it's
inspired its own geographic terminal.
Thekarst plateau is the namesake for
the karst topography, and it is a
proper, new to me geology term. In
1689, the slovenian polymath Valvosaur,
another person on my endless list
ofinteresting people to read about,
heused the karst plateau to describe
thisphenomenon. When you have a soluble
rock and something like dirt, so
think stuff that's porous in any
way in a very long time, you get
some consequences. Some of those
consequences are extremely cool caves
due to erosion and caverns that we
civilians can sometimes even visit,
aswell as very pretty stuff that you
can hike through or see from a boat.
Only occasionally do you get a massive
swallowing sinkhole from a karst.
Butthe sinkhole that I'm worried about
is the one that meant it took me
literally twelve days of writing
andediting and pondering and reading
history to get to this sentence.
So I'mgoing to talk about that for a second.
Nothing dramatic about my life is
getting shared. This is not that
kind of show. It's just that this
isa tough one for me to coherently
narratebecause of history and when the writer
and the poet were alive. Clearly
youare hearing this. So I have gotten
through the writing block that I
was facing, but it was a longer than
usual stretch time. I write an episode
for this show. I feel the machinery
thatI've built up getting a little bit
better. And this particular writing
experience has resulted in what feels
like more growth than usual because
itwas less easy than usual to write
theepisode for Slovenia. Don't get me
wrong, I'm not complaining, and I
do this because I love it. And I
think effort is notable in its own
way, especially if it's hard. So
hopefully you enjoy the choices I've
made in my narrative history of Straulitza,
because Slovenia is an odd story
in achronological sense. Like a bunch
ofcountries in Europe, it pivots on
the year 1848. But unlike many of
those countries, there was no revolution
here. And the independence that led
to the anthem I'm supposed to be
talking about is like 140 years after
1848. So I'll accept pivoting on
that year, and it'll make sense,
probably. Plus, it's a year that
happened for so many reasons and
had so much happening in it that
it's always helpful to get an ever
wide look at the thing from a historical
perspective. But we're not going
tostart there. We're going to start
48years earlier, at the turn of the
century, also the tail end of the
age of enlightenment, which is just
a coincidence in this case, specifically
inDecember of 1800, in the very tiny
slovenian town of Vrba. It was part
of the habsburg monarchy at that
point, I think. And we're going to
start with the birth of our poetical
Franz Presserin. And this guy actually
left a bit of narrative about his
life. He was the son of successful
farmers, and he showed considerable
talentat a young age, so his mother taught
him to read and write, and it was
off to Uncle Joseph's. He was a catholic
priest. He received his early education
there from 1808 until 1812. He was
at what I would call an elementary
schoolin the US, and then moved on to study
at the state gymnasium, which is
what I would call a high school.
It washere that his literary talent was
first really encouraged, and he continued
as a poet even as he decided to be
a lawyer sometime in the early 1820s.
His parents were not thrilled that
he decided against the priesthood.
Butaround this time, Francis was also
fired from a teaching position at
a jesuit institute for lending out
banned poetry to people. My guess
isthat had something to do with him
not wanting to be a part of the Catholic
Church, but that is purely speculation
onmy part. His motivations for choosing
law instead are not super clear in
the sources. And to be honest, he
was not a terribly successful lawyer.
In fact, he did not achieve a law
office of his own until he was 46
years old, and he died three years
after that of a liver disease, because
our poetical had a very troubled
lovelife and he hid from it in his cups.
He also had three children from a
relationship with Anna Yalozovic
that hesupported and lived with. They never
married, though, because of his deep
and unrequited love. Francis met
Julia primick at a church function,
andhe fell head over heels for her.
Hisunrequited love was, in reality,
himcompletely failing to tell her how
he felt. So who knows what I'd be
talking about if he'd managed to
speak up and ended up marrying the
rich merchant's daughter. Despite
hisfailure at love and his just being
all right at lawyering, he was actually
an instrumental part of creating
theformal literary structure that helped
to create a cultural throughline
for theslovenian people. So, in all seriousness,
Francis is a non trivial figure in
the history of his country. Because
ofhis poetic prowess, he was involved
abit in something called the slovenian
Alphabet war, which I, you know,
based on that name, I had to bring
itup, right? It has no bearing on the
story, no real bearing, anyway. And
it's actually a mostly ukrainian
orthological controversy wherein
somepeople were trying to latinize the
tongue, the russian tongue, and the
ukrainian tongue. But I wanted to
bring it up because I might be the
only time I ever get to say orthological
controversy. And it's a fun thing
tosay, so go ahead and give it a try.
See, I told you. The Alphabet war.
The Alphabet war may have just taken
its name from some 1830 orthography
talksin Slovenia, but there was an actual
standardization of slovene happening
through literature and poetry in
the reason this was a contributing
factor inthe cultural momentum that led to
the political activist Matija Maharaj
to propose the idea of a slovenian
nationin a newspaper article in the spring
of 1848. There was a bit of momentum,
butin 1851 it was thoroughly suppressed
bythe absolutism of the austrian empire.
Ideas are hard to kill, though, and
obviously Slovenia became a country.
Themovement was killed about a year
after Francis died in 1849. But,
hey, Patrick, when did he write what
became the anthem? Well, that was
probably sometime in 1844. He was
composing and collecting the work
that he wanted in a collection that
was creatively titled Poesia, which
literally means poems. The censor
inVienna at the time objected to the
third verse in Straulitse, and it
was removed before publication. It
did get to become the most important
thing he wrote towards the end of
his short life, which was maybe also
a tragic life. But Francis did get
to be a figure in history and one
of the more fleshed out poets that
we get to hear about on the show.
Sothe idea of an independent Slovenia
existed in a solidified and systematic
wayfrom 1848 onward, and they shared
acultural experience that was solidified
through literature, poetry, a spoken
language, and delicious cuisine.
Thisgave the movement to independence,
someforce, especially after an 1860 austrian
constitutional update. All this momentum
led to the idea of a nation of all
the slavic speakers. So we get the
early seeds of Yugoslavia. Then in
the 1880s on through the turn of
the century, some mostly ethnic struggles
between italian and slovene speakers
were beginning to dominate regional
politics. And as a result, there
wasa conservative Catholic versus the
liberals and progressives culture
war.It was rough for the people in the
area, and it resulted in slavic speaking
people mobilizing against each other
and sometimes killing each other.
Sothey were pretty dark times, but
tumultuous and dark times happen,
andsometimes you're even born at the
very start of them, like our composer
Stanko premaril. He came into the
world in 1888 on September 28. In
modern day. At the time, it was part
of the Astro hungarian empire. His
parents I have zero information about,
so I'm sure somebody knows. Stanko
isanother guy who became a catholic
priestand started young in his catholic
education. And honestly, catholic
priests figure into this show way
more than I would have guessed they
would. Anyway, by 1899, he was enrolled
in seminary. All the while he was
involved in choir and he was playing
the church organ. After being ordained
in 1903 and doing a short stint as
a chaplain, it was off to Vienna
tostudy music. He spent the next five
years there and completed his work
with distinction before returning
homeand passing the state examination
insinging and organ in the autumn of
1909. Also at some point in 1905,
hecame up with a melody in composition
forStrelitza while he was visiting home.
When he returned to Vienna, he completed
and formalized the piece, which was
a feat that others had tried before
him and failed to produce something
thatcaught people's ears. From there,
ourcomposer just sort of deeply immersed
himself in the musical landscape
andstructure of the future slovenian
nation.Stanko had essentially all of the
important musical jobs in the Ljubljana
diocese. At the same time, he was
the head of the organ school, the
musical director organist of their
cathedral. He was the head of the
regent's choir, as well as a writer
for and the musical editor of the
publication Church Musician, which
was Slovenias first official music
journal. The man maintained these
positions for 28 years. He was also
on the faculty of the Ljubljana Conservatory
of Music from 1919 to 1939, when
hebecame a full professor before retiring
in 1945, however, Stanko's most important
contribution to Slovenia was as a
composer. He didn't just compose
thenational anthem. There are literally
about 2000 compositions in his catalogue,
with like 1200 of them, representing
some ofthe most important liturgical music
progress ever made. One source called
it a manifest departure from sicilian
dictates that allowed for artistic
expansion that was not seen prior,
sonot famous, but important in his
own way. Now, to be clear, I didn't
look up what sicilian dictates are,
so mileage might vary there. I have
no idea what that means. Stanko died
at the age of 84 in 1965 of causes
that I was unable to discover. He
is buried in the priest section of
the cemetery in Ljubljana. So we
are left in 1965 with neither the
composer nor the poet alive, but
the song is pretty much in its final
form at this point. It is actually
apretty popular patriotic song, but
not an official anthem. My narrative
isfortunate in that I am able to entirely
skip the world wars this time with
the last bit of history that we are
going to delve into being the fall
of communist Yugoslavia. It was a
slow and long buildup that really
started back when communism took
hold, but I'm going to rejoin the
timeline in the 1980s, when I was
alive. At this point, cultural pluralism
was already in Slovenia, and the
Yugoslav Communist Party had begun
the slow march toward reforms that
likely would have been too late had
they ever even got there. Couple
thatsocietal change with the ongoing
economic problems in the area, and
the slovenian people were well on
their way to deciding that they were
through with the whole thing. At
the time, the country had something
closeto 10% of the population of Yugoslavia,
andyet they were producing a fifth of
the GDP and a quarter of all the
exports. The people were justifiably
andconsistently left feeling economically
exploited, and it went from simmering
discontent to ousting themselves,
concurrent to the general fall of
soviet communism. The first formally
stated call for independence came
in1987, but the one most historians
seem totalk about is the mains declaration.
All ofthis was mostly boilerplate democratic
civil rights and voting, national
independence, stuff like that. But
it was also a thing that the Soviet
Union wanted no part of it all. But
we should recall that ideas are hard
to kill. So the resistance to independence
continued. But by the end of 1989,
the Slovenians had made the Serbians
angry enough that they tried an economic
blockade that led to an armed conflict
that also involved Croatia. And all
of this finally prompted a declaration
ofeconomic independence for the country
in 1990. And from there, it took
thelegislature less than eleven months
tocraft most of the government and
offer a vote to the people. That
hadmore than a 93% turnout, with 88%
choosing independence within six
months of the vote. We're not going
to hear about any of that, though,
because back in September of 1989,
Strausse became the regional anthem
and in 1991 became the national anthem
per article six of the new constitution.
Butwhy did they pick this song? Usually
weget a contest or something, but not
this time. When Pressurein wrote
thesong back in 1844, he was directly
inspired by the slogan of the French
Revolution, liberty, egality and
fraternity. He could not initially
publish it because of censorship
laws inthe habsburg monarchy and evidently
tookhis time amending it. Censorship
lawsrelaxed a little bit in the beginning
ofthe pivotal year of 1848, and he
got the poem published after rewriting
some things and dropping a verse.
So,of course, a poem in Slovenian that
is a literal toast to the ideas of
a pivotal revolution was interpreted
as acall for a united and independent
Slovenia.Once paired with stankels choral
piece, it was apparently irresistible
to thewriters of the slovenian constitution.
And Ican't really find any information
otherthan that this is what we picked,
because obviously that is the song
we chose. Now that we have the anthem,
im going to go on and discuss the
song itself. Musically, we have a
composition that almost seems to
be written by a guy that knew this
was going to be anthem music 88 years
later. This was composed as a melody
to a popular patriotic poem, so it
was made to be as accessible as possible
to the people, were given a kind
ofsimple and supportive harmony with
common chord progressions and a fairly
tame range. Using a diatonic melody
ina major key and following the quatrain
structure of the verse, marries the
words nicely to the melody, and it
makes for an uplifting sound. It
has a stately feel to it, played
at amoderate four four, so it also feels
kind of like a march, even though
it'snot actually a march. It was originally
written as a choral piece. Typical
arrangement is a four part choir,
which is soprano, alto, tenor and
bass, because I didn't know what
that was. But now it's a national
anthem. So of course it gets performed
bybrass bands, orchestras and everything
else depending on the occasion. Poetically,
it's actually a pretty interesting
piece ofwriting. So I'm going to discuss
thebroad strokes about it, and then
I'll do a read through and discuss
theoverall content and the anthem specifics.
We have a note that I sort of mentioned
already. Francis wrote the poem as
nine verses originally with slightly
different language, and was forced
toadjust things in order for the censors
to allow it through. I'm going to
talk about the version that got through
as published. It might not be his
original vision of the piece, but
it is the one that inspired people
touse it as a symbol of their country
onto talking about the writing. The
structure of the poem is notable
because it combines traditional forms
with a little bit of innovation.
He wasactually a brilliant poet, and it
kind of makes me wish I could really
understand it in Slovene and not
just a translation. Stralica has
eight verses as published, but each
verse stands alone as an individual
quatrain in a trochaic tetrameter
with ashort, long, or stressed unstressed
syllabic pattern that repeats four
times. What that means is, in English
it would be a dum da dum da dum da
dum da cadence gives it kind of a
musical quality before we even get
a tune on it. Each stanza has a consistent
ab rhyming scheme in Slovene, of
course, so everything feels unified
andis way easier to memorize for recitation.
There is no refrain in the poem.
That's more of a song thing. And
this was not written as a song. It's
a poem. Before I say more, let's
hearthe words to this drinking song that
toasts pan slavic nationalism in
the spirit of the French Revolution.
Thisis the translation I found that makes
the most sense lyrically, and it
gets the feeling for the piece across
pretty well. The vintage friends
isover and here sweet wine makes once
again sad eyes and hearts recover
putsfire in every vein drowns dull care
everywhere and summons hope out of
despair. To whom with acclaim and
song shall we our first toast give.
God save our land and nation and
all slovenes where they live. Who
owns the same blood and name, and
who one glorious mother claim. Let
thunder out of heaven strike down
and smite our wanton foe now as it
once had thriven. May our dear realm
in freedom grow, may fall the last
chains of the past, which bind us
still and hold us fast. Let peace
glad conciliation come back to us
throughout the land, toward their
destination. Let Slavs henceforth
go handin hand. Thus again will honor, reign
to justice pledged in our domain,
toyou our pride past measure our girls,
your beauty, charm and grace. There
surely is no treasure to equal maidens
of such race, sons you'll bear, who
will dare defy our foes, no matter
where our hope now our to morrow
theyouths we toast and toast with joy,
no poisonous blight to sorrow your
love of homeland shall destroy with
us. Indeed you're called to heed
itssummons in this hour of need. God's
blessing on all nations, who long
and work for that brighten day when
our earth's habitations no war, no
strife shall hold its sway, who long
to see that all men free, no more
shall foes but neighbors be at last
to our reunion, to us the toasts
letit resound, since in this gay communion
by thoughts of brotherhood were bound,
may joyful cheer ne'er disappear
from allgood hearts now gathered here. The
poem's draulita evokes a sense of
joyous celebration and unity. It
begins with an invitation to raise
atoast and sets a convivial and hopeful
tone. The poem reflects on the power
of wine to bring people together,
liftour spirits, and revive our hopes.
Itspeaks of a shared identity and common
heritage among Slovenians, calling
forsolidarity and national pride. The
verses emphasize the desire for freedom,
justice, and the breaking of old
chains that have held the nation
back.There's a sense of resilience and
determination as the poem progresses
andencourages people to stand together
against any adversities and work
towards a brighter future. Francis
really liked imagery and symbolism
in hispoetry based on the stuff that I've
read, and here he is specifically
usingaccessible images in his symbols
thatwill resonate with the slovenian
people.It explains part of why this was
anatural choice for the anthem. As
the poem progresses further, it broadens
its scope to include a universal
wish forpeace and cooperation among all of
the nations. The verses express a
hope for a world where war and strife
are absent and where all people live
as neighbors rather than foes. It
highlights the importance of youth
asthe bearers of future hopes, emphasizing
their role in the continued pursuit
offreedom and unity. The poem continues
with a celebration of brotherhood
and joy,underscoring the importance of togetherness
and shared purpose. Throughout, there
was an overarching feeling of optimism
and a deep love for the homeland
and itspeople. Throughout Francis writing,
theverses have a theme of unity, peace
and brotherhood, with the stanzas
building on each other in a steady
progression. Pressurevans language
isvery careful too, you know, censors
andall that, but moreover, it's accessible
and intelligent at the same time.
He's able to manage an elevated style
that can appeal to a wide audience.
Ofmost interest to us is the 7th verse
of Straulitza, because that is what
was adopted as the official national
anthem in 1994 in the Constitution.
It issimply stated that the song is the
anthem. So 1994 their act standardized
theflag anthem and other national symbols
and specified this verse. I actually
prefer a shorter anthem, even though
as a whole this is a pretty not bad
poem. This particular verse, though,
captures the essence of the poems
broader themes of unity and peace
andexpresses a desire for harmony among
nations, advocating for a world where
people no longer see each other as
enemies but as neighbors. This is
a universal message and it is timeless.
It resonates with Slovenias history
andaspirations as a nation. By choosing
this verse as the anthem, Slovenia
isemphasizing its commitment to peaceful
coexistence and mutual respect among
nations. It reflects the countrys
valuesof freedom, justice and solidarity
notjust within its borders, but also
inthe international community. It serves
as a reminder of the importance of
striving for a world where all people
are free and equal. The use of Straulitza
as the national anthem also honors
theliterary and cultural heritage of
Slovenia. Showcasing the profound
impactof Francis Preserin's poetry on the
national consciousness. The anthem
isa symbol of national identity and
pride, encapsulating the slovenian
spiritan enduring hope for a better future.
All in all, I think we got a good
story out of it and I've learned
thatSlovenia is a place that I want to
go and see. Of course, my biggest
hopehere is that we have all learned
more.Time for the end credits I would
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buildsafer communities. The writing, recording
and production for the show are done
by me and I wrote and played the
theme music. I use the music with
mypermission. Unless otherwise noted,
the anthems I play are public domain
or some other equivalently free to
play license, and this time I have
asked no one. This is a 1991 yugoslavian
recording. I don't know who I would
even ask to get permission to play
something from communist Yugoslavia.
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else.
Hello, and welcome to theAnthems podcast. I'm Patrick, and
I'm here to tell you the story of
a song that helps to tell the story
of a nation. Today, we are taking
a 14and a half hour plane ride, rather
than ten days at sea, to cover 6255
miles between capitals of Mexico
andthe current country. That's a distance
of 10,065. It's a distance that would
cost me $1,110 based on my vehicle's
20miles to the gallon average, and
acurrent average gas price here of
$3.5 per gallon. It sounds like a
lot of money, but it's an amount
ofmoney that would get you a quarter
of away around the globe to a country
that's because of its location on
the globe, has been in many an empire.
The country has been part of the
Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire,
theCarolinian Empire, the Roman Empire,
the kingdom of Hungary, the Republic
ofVenice, Napoleon's empire, the Austrian
Empire, the Austro Hungarian Empire,
the state of the Slovenes, Croats,
andSerbs, the kingdom of Yugoslavia,
a triplyoccupied state in world War two,
then back to a new communist Yugoslavia
after the war, finally becoming an
independent country. And if youve
guessed from that list that I was
talking about Slovenia today, then
you knew more than I did. I landed
onSlovenia because my wife randomly
requested it when I was looking for
a next country. She isnt sure why,
but the name is nice to say. Etymologically,
itmeans land of the Slavs. And knowing
that Slavic means the the people
speaka slavic language are two things
thatdon't actually tell us all that much
at all. But this is the very beginning
ofa podcast that I will use to tell
you about straut, or, in English,
thetoast. So at least that tells us
something. It's a song and a story
that you might be surprised by. I
know that I was. Slovenia is another
country that I was fairly blank slate
on before starting the reading for
this episode. One of the first things
that I learned was a new word that
Irather like called deminem. It's
also called a gentilic, and it identifies
a group of people in relation to
aparticular place. For example, I
am a New Englander, and people that
are from Slovenia are slovenian,
literallyfrom the land of the Slavs. I gotta
tell you folks right now, sitting
in acafe there, enjoying some of the
delicious looking slovenian food
I've seen that I'm gonna be making.
Atleast some of it sounds pretty good.
Perhaps I'd even get to raise a small
glass of schnapps in appreciation
of mysurroundings during the vintage two
minute and 32nd rendition of Straulitza
that is very close to what you are
about to hear. I saw some my initial
reaction is a little bit of a smile
because it sounds kind of like a
happy song. Given the specifics,
which wewill get to once I lay a bit of groundwork,
this kind of proclamation of happiness
makes some sense. It's a good song,
and I've registered my approval with
my music algorithms. It's also, I
think, a good song to play in the
woods, which sounds weird now that
it's out of my head and I said it,
but I'm going to run with the connection.
Igrew up in a part of the world where
nearly 60% of it is forested, so
Ispent a lot of time playing music
inthe woods. Slovenia has got about
thesame coverage, and most of it is
good timber, although I don't really
know what makes good timber grow
ina certain place. So more to read
about in the future for me someday.
Fornow, I want to put this forest on
a map and get moving here. Countries
thatare very near to Italy are not terribly
hard for me to locate, despite not
actually knowing where Slovenia was
before this episode. Find Italy on
a map looks like a boot and move
upthe coast from the heel and keep
going until you run out of adriatic
sea.There you'll find the tiny bit of
coastline that Slovenia has in the
Gulf of Trieste. It's sandwiched
inbetween San Bartolomeu on the italian
side and Conegra on the croatian
side.Perhaps more usefully, Slovenia is
bordered to the north by Austria,
thesouth by Croatia, to the west by
Italy, and there is a little bit
ofHungary at the eastern end. It's
amostly temperate country that covers
20,271 km², or 7827 sq. Mi. Besides
being mostly forested, it is also
mostly on the side of mountains.
There areobviously exceptions, and one of
them is significant enough that it's
inspired its own geographic terminal.
Thekarst plateau is the namesake for
the karst topography, and it is a
proper, new to me geology term. In
1689, the slovenian polymath Valvosaur,
another person on my endless list
ofinteresting people to read about,
heused the karst plateau to describe
thisphenomenon. When you have a soluble
rock and something like dirt, so
think stuff that's porous in any
way in a very long time, you get
some consequences. Some of those
consequences are extremely cool caves
due to erosion and caverns that we
civilians can sometimes even visit,
aswell as very pretty stuff that you
can hike through or see from a boat.
Only occasionally do you get a massive
swallowing sinkhole from a karst.
Butthe sinkhole that I'm worried about
is the one that meant it took me
literally twelve days of writing
andediting and pondering and reading
history to get to this sentence.
So I'mgoing to talk about that for a second.
Nothing dramatic about my life is
getting shared. This is not that
kind of show. It's just that this
isa tough one for me to coherently
narratebecause of history and when the writer
and the poet were alive. Clearly
youare hearing this. So I have gotten
through the writing block that I
was facing, but it was a longer than
usual stretch time. I write an episode
for this show. I feel the machinery
thatI've built up getting a little bit
better. And this particular writing
experience has resulted in what feels
like more growth than usual because
itwas less easy than usual to write
theepisode for Slovenia. Don't get me
wrong, I'm not complaining, and I
do this because I love it. And I
think effort is notable in its own
way, especially if it's hard. So
hopefully you enjoy the choices I've
made in my narrative history of Straulitza,
because Slovenia is an odd story
in achronological sense. Like a bunch
ofcountries in Europe, it pivots on
the year 1848. But unlike many of
those countries, there was no revolution
here. And the independence that led
to the anthem I'm supposed to be
talking about is like 140 years after
1848. So I'll accept pivoting on
that year, and it'll make sense,
probably. Plus, it's a year that
happened for so many reasons and
had so much happening in it that
it's always helpful to get an ever
wide look at the thing from a historical
perspective. But we're not going
tostart there. We're going to start
48years earlier, at the turn of the
century, also the tail end of the
age of enlightenment, which is just
a coincidence in this case, specifically
inDecember of 1800, in the very tiny
slovenian town of Vrba. It was part
of the habsburg monarchy at that
point, I think. And we're going to
start with the birth of our poetical
Franz Presserin. And this guy actually
left a bit of narrative about his
life. He was the son of successful
farmers, and he showed considerable
talentat a young age, so his mother taught
him to read and write, and it was
off to Uncle Joseph's. He was a catholic
priest. He received his early education
there from 1808 until 1812. He was
at what I would call an elementary
schoolin the US, and then moved on to study
at the state gymnasium, which is
what I would call a high school.
It washere that his literary talent was
first really encouraged, and he continued
as a poet even as he decided to be
a lawyer sometime in the early 1820s.
His parents were not thrilled that
he decided against the priesthood.
Butaround this time, Francis was also
fired from a teaching position at
a jesuit institute for lending out
banned poetry to people. My guess
isthat had something to do with him
not wanting to be a part of the Catholic
Church, but that is purely speculation
onmy part. His motivations for choosing
law instead are not super clear in
the sources. And to be honest, he
was not a terribly successful lawyer.
In fact, he did not achieve a law
office of his own until he was 46
years old, and he died three years
after that of a liver disease, because
our poetical had a very troubled
lovelife and he hid from it in his cups.
He also had three children from a
relationship with Anna Yalozovic
that hesupported and lived with. They never
married, though, because of his deep
and unrequited love. Francis met
Julia primick at a church function,
andhe fell head over heels for her.
Hisunrequited love was, in reality,
himcompletely failing to tell her how
he felt. So who knows what I'd be
talking about if he'd managed to
speak up and ended up marrying the
rich merchant's daughter. Despite
hisfailure at love and his just being
all right at lawyering, he was actually
an instrumental part of creating
theformal literary structure that helped
to create a cultural throughline
for theslovenian people. So, in all seriousness,
Francis is a non trivial figure in
the history of his country. Because
ofhis poetic prowess, he was involved
abit in something called the slovenian
Alphabet war, which I, you know,
based on that name, I had to bring
itup, right? It has no bearing on the
story, no real bearing, anyway. And
it's actually a mostly ukrainian
orthological controversy wherein
somepeople were trying to latinize the
tongue, the russian tongue, and the
ukrainian tongue. But I wanted to
bring it up because I might be the
only time I ever get to say orthological
controversy. And it's a fun thing
tosay, so go ahead and give it a try.
See, I told you. The Alphabet war.
The Alphabet war may have just taken
its name from some 1830 orthography
talksin Slovenia, but there was an actual
standardization of slovene happening
through literature and poetry in
the reason this was a contributing
factor inthe cultural momentum that led to
the political activist Matija Maharaj
to propose the idea of a slovenian
nationin a newspaper article in the spring
of 1848. There was a bit of momentum,
butin 1851 it was thoroughly suppressed
bythe absolutism of the austrian empire.
Ideas are hard to kill, though, and
obviously Slovenia became a country.
Themovement was killed about a year
after Francis died in 1849. But,
hey, Patrick, when did he write what
became the anthem? Well, that was
probably sometime in 1844. He was
composing and collecting the work
that he wanted in a collection that
was creatively titled Poesia, which
literally means poems. The censor
inVienna at the time objected to the
third verse in Straulitse, and it
was removed before publication. It
did get to become the most important
thing he wrote towards the end of
his short life, which was maybe also
a tragic life. But Francis did get
to be a figure in history and one
of the more fleshed out poets that
we get to hear about on the show.
Sothe idea of an independent Slovenia
existed in a solidified and systematic
wayfrom 1848 onward, and they shared
acultural experience that was solidified
through literature, poetry, a spoken
language, and delicious cuisine.
Thisgave the movement to independence,
someforce, especially after an 1860 austrian
constitutional update. All this momentum
led to the idea of a nation of all
the slavic speakers. So we get the
early seeds of Yugoslavia. Then in
the 1880s on through the turn of
the century, some mostly ethnic struggles
between italian and slovene speakers
were beginning to dominate regional
politics. And as a result, there
wasa conservative Catholic versus the
liberals and progressives culture
war.It was rough for the people in the
area, and it resulted in slavic speaking
people mobilizing against each other
and sometimes killing each other.
Sothey were pretty dark times, but
tumultuous and dark times happen,
andsometimes you're even born at the
very start of them, like our composer
Stanko premaril. He came into the
world in 1888 on September 28. In
modern day. At the time, it was part
of the Astro hungarian empire. His
parents I have zero information about,
so I'm sure somebody knows. Stanko
isanother guy who became a catholic
priestand started young in his catholic
education. And honestly, catholic
priests figure into this show way
more than I would have guessed they
would. Anyway, by 1899, he was enrolled
in seminary. All the while he was
involved in choir and he was playing
the church organ. After being ordained
in 1903 and doing a short stint as
a chaplain, it was off to Vienna
tostudy music. He spent the next five
years there and completed his work
with distinction before returning
homeand passing the state examination
insinging and organ in the autumn of
1909. Also at some point in 1905,
hecame up with a melody in composition
forStrelitza while he was visiting home.
When he returned to Vienna, he completed
and formalized the piece, which was
a feat that others had tried before
him and failed to produce something
thatcaught people's ears. From there,
ourcomposer just sort of deeply immersed
himself in the musical landscape
andstructure of the future slovenian
nation.Stanko had essentially all of the
important musical jobs in the Ljubljana
diocese. At the same time, he was
the head of the organ school, the
musical director organist of their
cathedral. He was the head of the
regent's choir, as well as a writer
for and the musical editor of the
publication Church Musician, which
was Slovenias first official music
journal. The man maintained these
positions for 28 years. He was also
on the faculty of the Ljubljana Conservatory
of Music from 1919 to 1939, when
hebecame a full professor before retiring
in 1945, however, Stanko's most important
contribution to Slovenia was as a
composer. He didn't just compose
thenational anthem. There are literally
about 2000 compositions in his catalogue,
with like 1200 of them, representing
some ofthe most important liturgical music
progress ever made. One source called
it a manifest departure from sicilian
dictates that allowed for artistic
expansion that was not seen prior,
sonot famous, but important in his
own way. Now, to be clear, I didn't
look up what sicilian dictates are,
so mileage might vary there. I have
no idea what that means. Stanko died
at the age of 84 in 1965 of causes
that I was unable to discover. He
is buried in the priest section of
the cemetery in Ljubljana. So we
are left in 1965 with neither the
composer nor the poet alive, but
the song is pretty much in its final
form at this point. It is actually
apretty popular patriotic song, but
not an official anthem. My narrative
isfortunate in that I am able to entirely
skip the world wars this time with
the last bit of history that we are
going to delve into being the fall
of communist Yugoslavia. It was a
slow and long buildup that really
started back when communism took
hold, but I'm going to rejoin the
timeline in the 1980s, when I was
alive. At this point, cultural pluralism
was already in Slovenia, and the
Yugoslav Communist Party had begun
the slow march toward reforms that
likely would have been too late had
they ever even got there. Couple
thatsocietal change with the ongoing
economic problems in the area, and
the slovenian people were well on
their way to deciding that they were
through with the whole thing. At
the time, the country had something
closeto 10% of the population of Yugoslavia,
andyet they were producing a fifth of
the GDP and a quarter of all the
exports. The people were justifiably
andconsistently left feeling economically
exploited, and it went from simmering
discontent to ousting themselves,
concurrent to the general fall of
soviet communism. The first formally
stated call for independence came
in1987, but the one most historians
seem totalk about is the mains declaration.
All ofthis was mostly boilerplate democratic
civil rights and voting, national
independence, stuff like that. But
it was also a thing that the Soviet
Union wanted no part of it all. But
we should recall that ideas are hard
to kill. So the resistance to independence
continued. But by the end of 1989,
the Slovenians had made the Serbians
angry enough that they tried an economic
blockade that led to an armed conflict
that also involved Croatia. And all
of this finally prompted a declaration
ofeconomic independence for the country
in 1990. And from there, it took
thelegislature less than eleven months
tocraft most of the government and
offer a vote to the people. That
hadmore than a 93% turnout, with 88%
choosing independence within six
months of the vote. We're not going
to hear about any of that, though,
because back in September of 1989,
Strausse became the regional anthem
and in 1991 became the national anthem
per article six of the new constitution.
Butwhy did they pick this song? Usually
weget a contest or something, but not
this time. When Pressurein wrote
thesong back in 1844, he was directly
inspired by the slogan of the French
Revolution, liberty, egality and
fraternity. He could not initially
publish it because of censorship
laws inthe habsburg monarchy and evidently
tookhis time amending it. Censorship
lawsrelaxed a little bit in the beginning
ofthe pivotal year of 1848, and he
got the poem published after rewriting
some things and dropping a verse.
So,of course, a poem in Slovenian that
is a literal toast to the ideas of
a pivotal revolution was interpreted
as acall for a united and independent
Slovenia.Once paired with stankels choral
piece, it was apparently irresistible
to thewriters of the slovenian constitution.
And Ican't really find any information
otherthan that this is what we picked,
because obviously that is the song
we chose. Now that we have the anthem,
im going to go on and discuss the
song itself. Musically, we have a
composition that almost seems to
be written by a guy that knew this
was going to be anthem music 88 years
later. This was composed as a melody
to a popular patriotic poem, so it
was made to be as accessible as possible
to the people, were given a kind
ofsimple and supportive harmony with
common chord progressions and a fairly
tame range. Using a diatonic melody
ina major key and following the quatrain
structure of the verse, marries the
words nicely to the melody, and it
makes for an uplifting sound. It
has a stately feel to it, played
at amoderate four four, so it also feels
kind of like a march, even though
it'snot actually a march. It was originally
written as a choral piece. Typical
arrangement is a four part choir,
which is soprano, alto, tenor and
bass, because I didn't know what
that was. But now it's a national
anthem. So of course it gets performed
bybrass bands, orchestras and everything
else depending on the occasion. Poetically,
it's actually a pretty interesting
piece ofwriting. So I'm going to discuss
thebroad strokes about it, and then
I'll do a read through and discuss
theoverall content and the anthem specifics.
We have a note that I sort of mentioned
already. Francis wrote the poem as
nine verses originally with slightly
different language, and was forced
toadjust things in order for the censors
to allow it through. I'm going to
talk about the version that got through
as published. It might not be his
original vision of the piece, but
it is the one that inspired people
touse it as a symbol of their country
onto talking about the writing. The
structure of the poem is notable
because it combines traditional forms
with a little bit of innovation.
He wasactually a brilliant poet, and it
kind of makes me wish I could really
understand it in Slovene and not
just a translation. Stralica has
eight verses as published, but each
verse stands alone as an individual
quatrain in a trochaic tetrameter
with ashort, long, or stressed unstressed
syllabic pattern that repeats four
times. What that means is, in English
it would be a dum da dum da dum da
dum da cadence gives it kind of a
musical quality before we even get
a tune on it. Each stanza has a consistent
ab rhyming scheme in Slovene, of
course, so everything feels unified
andis way easier to memorize for recitation.
There is no refrain in the poem.
That's more of a song thing. And
this was not written as a song. It's
a poem. Before I say more, let's
hearthe words to this drinking song that
toasts pan slavic nationalism in
the spirit of the French Revolution.
Thisis the translation I found that makes
the most sense lyrically, and it
gets the feeling for the piece across
pretty well. The vintage friends
isover and here sweet wine makes once
again sad eyes and hearts recover
putsfire in every vein drowns dull care
everywhere and summons hope out of
despair. To whom with acclaim and
song shall we our first toast give.
God save our land and nation and
all slovenes where they live. Who
owns the same blood and name, and
who one glorious mother claim. Let
thunder out of heaven strike down
and smite our wanton foe now as it
once had thriven. May our dear realm
in freedom grow, may fall the last
chains of the past, which bind us
still and hold us fast. Let peace
glad conciliation come back to us
throughout the land, toward their
destination. Let Slavs henceforth
go handin hand. Thus again will honor, reign
to justice pledged in our domain,
toyou our pride past measure our girls,
your beauty, charm and grace. There
surely is no treasure to equal maidens
of such race, sons you'll bear, who
will dare defy our foes, no matter
where our hope now our to morrow
theyouths we toast and toast with joy,
no poisonous blight to sorrow your
love of homeland shall destroy with
us. Indeed you're called to heed
itssummons in this hour of need. God's
blessing on all nations, who long
and work for that brighten day when
our earth's habitations no war, no
strife shall hold its sway, who long
to see that all men free, no more
shall foes but neighbors be at last
to our reunion, to us the toasts
letit resound, since in this gay communion
by thoughts of brotherhood were bound,
may joyful cheer ne'er disappear
from allgood hearts now gathered here. The
poem's draulita evokes a sense of
joyous celebration and unity. It
begins with an invitation to raise
atoast and sets a convivial and hopeful
tone. The poem reflects on the power
of wine to bring people together,
liftour spirits, and revive our hopes.
Itspeaks of a shared identity and common
heritage among Slovenians, calling
forsolidarity and national pride. The
verses emphasize the desire for freedom,
justice, and the breaking of old
chains that have held the nation
back.There's a sense of resilience and
determination as the poem progresses
andencourages people to stand together
against any adversities and work
towards a brighter future. Francis
really liked imagery and symbolism
in hispoetry based on the stuff that I've
read, and here he is specifically
usingaccessible images in his symbols
thatwill resonate with the slovenian
people.It explains part of why this was
anatural choice for the anthem. As
the poem progresses further, it broadens
its scope to include a universal
wish forpeace and cooperation among all of
the nations. The verses express a
hope for a world where war and strife
are absent and where all people live
as neighbors rather than foes. It
highlights the importance of youth
asthe bearers of future hopes, emphasizing
their role in the continued pursuit
offreedom and unity. The poem continues
with a celebration of brotherhood
and joy,underscoring the importance of togetherness
and shared purpose. Throughout, there
was an overarching feeling of optimism
and a deep love for the homeland
and itspeople. Throughout Francis writing,
theverses have a theme of unity, peace
and brotherhood, with the stanzas
building on each other in a steady
progression. Pressurevans language
isvery careful too, you know, censors
andall that, but moreover, it's accessible
and intelligent at the same time.
He's able to manage an elevated style
that can appeal to a wide audience.
Ofmost interest to us is the 7th verse
of Straulitza, because that is what
was adopted as the official national
anthem in 1994 in the Constitution.
It issimply stated that the song is the
anthem. So 1994 their act standardized
theflag anthem and other national symbols
and specified this verse. I actually
prefer a shorter anthem, even though
as a whole this is a pretty not bad
poem. This particular verse, though,
captures the essence of the poems
broader themes of unity and peace
andexpresses a desire for harmony among
nations, advocating for a world where
people no longer see each other as
enemies but as neighbors. This is
a universal message and it is timeless.
It resonates with Slovenias history
andaspirations as a nation. By choosing
this verse as the anthem, Slovenia
isemphasizing its commitment to peaceful
coexistence and mutual respect among
nations. It reflects the countrys
valuesof freedom, justice and solidarity
notjust within its borders, but also
inthe international community. It serves
as a reminder of the importance of
striving for a world where all people
are free and equal. The use of Straulitza
as the national anthem also honors
theliterary and cultural heritage of
Slovenia. Showcasing the profound
impactof Francis Preserin's poetry on the
national consciousness. The anthem
isa symbol of national identity and
pride, encapsulating the slovenian
spiritan enduring hope for a better future.
All in all, I think we got a good
story out of it and I've learned
thatSlovenia is a place that I want to
go and see. Of course, my biggest
hopehere is that we have all learned
more.Time for the end credits I would
liketo once again remind you that I am
in the Creator Accountability network.
This is going to be the last repetitive
long form announcement, but there
will still be a small call to action
in every credits and an occasional
longform reminder because this is a thing
that's actually kind of important
to mecan exist as a non profit dedicated
toreducing harassment and abuse through
ethical education and a system of
restorative accountability. I joined
because I care about the safety and
well being of community members and
I believe people should hold themselves
accountable. If you feel my behavior
orcontent has harmed someone, please
report it to Cannes, either via the
reporting form on their website,
whichis creatoraccountabilityNetwork,
or via the hotline at617-249-4255 they'll help make it
right and help me avoid repeating
thatmistake again. Can also needs volunteers
from literally anywhere to help with
their process. So if you have skills
that you think would be helpful or
time and a desire to help, please
visit their website to find out how
you can do that. Even more importantly,
getthe word out to other creators who
you think would be interested in
getting credentialed and helping
buildsafer communities. The writing, recording
and production for the show are done
by me and I wrote and played the
theme music. I use the music with
mypermission. Unless otherwise noted,
the anthems I play are public domain
or some other equivalently free to
play license, and this time I have
asked no one. This is a 1991 yugoslavian
recording. I don't know who I would
even ask to get permission to play
something from communist Yugoslavia.
Honestly, my sources and the specific
items I mentioned on the show are
contained in the show notes, and
the most direct way to get to those
notes is@anthemspodcast.com you can
find me on Facebook and WhatsApp
as theanthemspodcast. You should follow
meon Facebook when I post. It's about
this show and you either like it
or you have a really strange priority
list. For now, I try to get the episode
shared onto whatever platform I can
with the hashtag anthemspod because
this is a mostly word of mouth operation
I'm doing here. So it would be cool
if you hashtagged a post like that
too, and it might also inspire someone
to solve the affordable housing crisis.
I don't know how, but hope doesn't
always have to be rational. As always,
you can email me corrections, comments,
concerns, suggestions, ideas, instructions
on how to do awesome things, ask
mequestions, or send me a picture of
your dog because those are cool.
Thatstuff can all go to anthemspodmail.com.
you can beold fashioned and leave me a voicemail
ora text at plus 1203-759-8375 or better
still, leave me a review wherever
youcan so that I can find out what you
think or give me a rating on your
podcast app, because ratings and
reviews matter to the platform that
you are hearing me on. Perhaps you're
a billionaire and you commission
a massivepuppet costume of some kind, and
ithas a very loud speaker system in
it, so everybody gets to enjoy this
very episode. But even if all you
do is listen to the next one, I am
at least partially indebted to you.
So thanks, folks. I'll see you somewhere
else.
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