August 11, 2026 • 42 mins
Where did wokeness come from? We continue our journey into the origin of wokeness by telling the story of how a dark alliance put the Frankfurt School’s teachings into action.
Woke Army (Part Three) airs Wednesday, August 12th, 2026 at 3pm PST.
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Speaker 1 (00:03):
This is Red Pilled America.
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(00:29):
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Speaker 1 (00:43):
Previously on Red Pilled America.
Speaker 2 (00:45):
Wokeness has seeped into every crevice of American culture.
Speaker 1 (00:50):
Ultimately, the Frankfurt School wanted to revent Marxism to make
it an agent of societal change.
Speaker 2 (00:55):
These Marxist intellectuals needed to find the revolutionary energy elsewhere.
They were on the hunt for new oppressed revolutionary.
Speaker 3 (01:03):
My God, the White Man with me, the greatest Liar
Honor and mister X early this morning met with Cuba's
Fidel Castro.
Speaker 2 (01:13):
The Frankfurt School was seeing revolutionary energy bubble up in
various enclaves of America. But perhaps the most surprising space
where this energy was taking root was on college campuses.
Speaker 1 (01:25):
Where did Wokeness come from?
Speaker 2 (01:30):
I'm Patrick Carelchi and I'm Adriana Cortez.
Speaker 1 (01:33):
And this is Red Pilled America, a storytelling show.
Speaker 2 (01:38):
This is not another talk show covering the day's news.
We are all about telling stories.
Speaker 1 (01:43):
Stories. Hollywood doesn't want you to hear stories.
Speaker 2 (01:46):
The media marks stories about everyday Americans at the Globalist Ignore.
Speaker 1 (01:52):
You could think of Red Pilled America as audio documentaries,
and we've promised only one thing, the truth. Welcome to
Red Pilled America. We're at the second part of our
(02:12):
series of episodes entitled Woke Army. You've probably heard Part one,
but if you haven't, stop and go back and listen
from the beginning. We're looking for the answer to the
question where did Wokeness come from? By telling the story
of how an obscure group of German refugees started all
this woke madness and what we need to do to
stop it. So in Part one, we learned that at
(02:33):
the end of World War One, German Marxist intellectuals were
expecting their country to experience a socialist revolution, as their
prophet Karl Marx predicted. They believed communism was the inevitable
outcome of capitalism. Once the working class proletariat realized the
exploitative nature of the capitalist system, they'd rise up and
overthrow it. At the end of World War One, a
(02:54):
socialist uprising did indeed occur, but when it was all over,
the German working class settled on a largely capitalist system.
In the eyes of these marks intellectuals, this wasn't supposed
to happen, so they organized a conference to address the
issue in nineteen twenty three. That conference evolved into a
permanent institution that came to be known as the Frankfort School. Initially,
(03:16):
its researchers took an orthodox approach to studying Marxism. They
focused on economics, but in nineteen thirty German philosopher and
sociologist Max Horkheimer steered the Frankfort School towards the social
sciences to see how German culture influenced the population. Horkheimer
felt that if they could understand how both culture and
the economy influenced the German people, they could better devise
(03:36):
a way from Marxism to spread throughout their country. In
nineteen thirty three, the institute hired political philosopher Herbert Marcusa,
but before Marcusa could start, the Nazi Party took control
of Germany. The Frankfurt School intellectuals were largely Jewish, so
they fled the country, eventually finding refuge at Columbia University
in New York. Away from the iron fist of Hitler.
(03:57):
They embarked on Horkheimer's grand vision to find a way
for Marxism to spread into Western six societies that had
been stubbornly resistant to communist revolution. In nineteen thirty seven,
Horkheimer introduced his seminal Critical Theory, an approach to social
philosophy that attempts to shift society towards Marxism. This shift
occurs by critically tearing down the existing capitalist society through critique.
(04:21):
The power of critical theory is that it introduced activism
into academia. In nineteen forty four, Max Horkheimer and his
Frankfort School colleague Theodore Adorno authored Dialectic of Enlightenment, where
they argued that the capitalist working class had been fooled
into conformity through the mass cultural industries of film, radio, magazines, music, books,
and the like. By the end of the nineteen fifties,
(04:42):
the Frankfort School intellectuals were coalescing around the consensus that
the working class no longer had the energy needed to
trigger their socialist revolution. Their original proletariat was too busy
enjoying the fruits of capitalism, so they went on a
hunt to find their new oppressed revolutionaries, and Marcusa began
to find them in odd corners of society. The Black Nationalists,
(05:03):
led by Malcolm X, had a militant energy that found
a kinship with Cubist communist revolutionary Fidel Castro. The second
wave feminist leaders like Betty for Dan were using socialist rhetoric,
and rebellious college students began to show an openness to
radicalism as well. These movements looked separate, but Marcusa found
in them a common thread. They each had the energy
(05:24):
necessary to spark a socialist revolution, and they all adopted
the same simple idea that they were being oppressed by
a system of control created by the white man. These
desperante movements were gaining followers, but it wasn't until the
assassination of John F. Kennedy Junior in nineteen sixty three
that they really went into action. The horrible news was
the trigger needed to start a socialist uprising in America.
(05:47):
Herbert Marcusa saw the common thread throughout these outcast groups
and used it to thread the needle in his seminal
nineteen sixty four book One Dimensional Man. In it, Marcusa
argued that capitalism whittled down critical thinking, making man a
one dimensional creature, unaware that he is a victim of
a domination system. To overcome their victimhood, Marcusa argued that
(06:08):
one has to have an awakening to this system of control.
In other words, they had to go woke. Marcusa released
One Dimensional Man in nineteen sixty four, and it captured
the hearts of revolutionary leaders everywhere. In July nineteen sixty four,
riots erupted in Harlem, the same borough that fawned over
Fidel Castro and Malcolm X's meeting just four years earlier.
(06:34):
Harlem rioters chanted from Malcolm X. To some the isolated
chaos and destruction looked coordinated, but it was a protest
just a few months later on a California college campus
that would clearly signal a dark alliance that was forming
in the shadows.
Speaker 2 (06:52):
By the beginning of the nineteen sixty four school year.
To an outsider, UC Berkeley looked like a traditional whitebread university,
but under its surface, the campus had already been infected
with the revel plutionary mindset. The faculty had welcomed the
controversial Malcolm X to speak on campus, and there was
a small group of graduate students in the social science
(07:12):
and humanities departments that wanted to bring a certain brand
of radical politics onto campus. At the time, however, advocating
for political causes on UC Berkeley's campus was largely prohibited.
These students wanted to change this rule, so they decided
to push the situation. At the time, Berkeley students typically
(07:34):
set up rows of tables at an entrance to the
campus property near the Social Sciences department, where they handed
out information for a variety of on campus activities. So
at the beginning of the nineteen sixty four nineteen sixty
five school year, these politically minded graduate students convinced others
to join them in setting up tables at this same
location to promote political causes. The school administration took the
(07:56):
bait and told the students they had to stop. University
of California President Clark Kerr explained us SEE Berkeley's response
to the student's prohibited activity.
Speaker 4 (08:06):
Told him they had to go back on the streets
where they've done traditionally for this kind of activity, and
they then took the position that we want to undertake
these activities on campus property itself. When we said this
is not possible.
Speaker 2 (08:18):
The students responded, like seasoned pros, the.
Speaker 5 (08:22):
Effect of cutting this off is to stop political activity
on this campus.
Speaker 2 (08:30):
The team that started it all began to rally other
student groups, arguing that it was a violation of their
First Amendment rights, and convinced them to defy the school's
prohibition on political activity by setting up tables again, but
this time further within the campus. On October first, nineteen
sixty four, they did just that, setting their grand plan
(08:51):
in motion. Campus police approached one of the males sitting
at the table, a young man named Jack Weinberg, and
asked for his ID. He wouldn't produce one, so they
began to arrest him for trust passing, but as they did,
he surprisingly went limp. The campus police were a bit perplexed.
They hadn't faced anything like this on this prestigious college campus.
(09:13):
One went to fetch their vehicle to get it closer
to the now limp student. He drove it up onto
the campus, and as the officers dragged him to the car,
almost like clockwork, students began to gather all around them,
arguing that they'd have to arrest them all one.
Speaker 6 (09:29):
You can't pick on one.
Speaker 7 (09:31):
I am to come with me, or.
Speaker 8 (09:36):
We're all at table.
Speaker 2 (09:40):
The officers eventually got jack Weinberg into the squad car,
but as they tried to drive away, Berkeley students surrounded
their vehicle, locking its passage and refusing to let it
leave until the officers let him go. One hour turned
(10:00):
to two hours, and the students wouldn't budge. As the
hours began piling up, hundreds of students began camping out
around the police car. One of the original instigators of
this confrontation, a graduate student named Mario Savio, hopped on
top of the vehicle and made some demands. First, the
police had to stop the arrest of their comrade.
Speaker 9 (10:22):
And second, we're asking that there'd be no no restrictions
on the content of speech save those provided by the courts.
And that's that's an enormous amount of freedom.
Speaker 2 (10:36):
If the administration refused, Mario Savio gave the school administration
a public warning that they would be subjected to constant,
embarrassing protest until the universities submitted to their demands. This
was unprecedented. The school had never seen anything like this before.
They had no game plan and were completely unprepared for
(10:57):
what happened next.
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Speaker 2 (12:08):
Welcome back to Red Pilled America. So, after Jack Weinberg
was arrested and put in the campus police car, UC
Berkeley students surrounded the vehicle and wouldn't let it drive away.
A standoff ensued, and one of the organizers of the protest,
Mario Savio, made some demands The school had to stop
arresting their comrade and remove all restrictions of political speech
(12:30):
on campus. The campus police refused Mario Savio's demands and
to stand off ensued. As if it were scripted. Media
caught wind of the situation and began talking to the
arrested student, Jack Weinberg, as he was still seated in
the back of the squad car.
Speaker 5 (12:46):
Oh, I just did what any of my fellow students
or my fellows and all the organizations would have done.
Speaker 2 (12:53):
The now building group of protesters were being organized by
the politically active students, and they wouldn't budge. Mario, the
leader of the group making demands, began negotiations with the
school administration, and after a thirty two hour standoff with
students refusing to leave, University of California President doctor Clark
(13:15):
Kerr emerged with an announcement, Well.
Speaker 10 (13:17):
There's met an agreement signed.
Speaker 3 (13:19):
An agreement side he.
Speaker 10 (13:20):
Asked by the student groups and by MIA's president of
the university, which has several points to it. The first
point is that the student demonstrators shall desist from their
illegal actions protesting university regulations. We've also agreed to set
up a committee to examine.
Speaker 2 (13:42):
The rules for the next few weeks. Mario Savio and
school officials negotiated, hoping to reach a final agreement, but
when the University of California president emerged again, he announced
the suspension of Mario Savio and eight other student protesters.
That's when Mario and his team stepped up their attack.
Speaker 11 (14:00):
At the time when the operation of the machine becomes
so odious, makes you're so sick at heart, but you
can't take part, you can't even passively take part.
Speaker 6 (14:11):
And you've got to put your.
Speaker 11 (14:12):
Bodies upon the gears and upon the wheels, upon the leavers,
upon all the apparatus, and you've got to make it stop.
And you've got to indicate to the people who run it,
to the people who own it, that unless you're free,
the machine will be prevented from working at all.
Speaker 2 (14:27):
He called for the immediate takeover of the administration building.
The protest organizers went to work like seasoned professional agitators,
corralling students into the building to stage a sit in.
Speaker 9 (14:40):
SAFAA civil rights movement to the stairwell over there, or.
Speaker 1 (14:45):
Will be open for anyone who would like to leave,
and you may leave at any time, but you may
not get back in this golure own.
Speaker 2 (14:51):
The administration in. Campus police appeared stunned and again completely
unprepared for their action. With media crews now capturing the
entire occupation, the campus police made an announcement, I.
Speaker 12 (15:03):
Have an announcement. This assemblage has developed to such a
point that the purpose and the work of the university
have been materially impaired.
Speaker 2 (15:15):
Hundreds of officers entered the administration building and began arresting
the protesters. Roughly seven hundred and fifty were hauled off
to jail. The entire affair consumed the campus and the media,
and it looked as if the leaders of the protests
were just getting warmed up as they sang and smiled
(15:37):
their way through being dragged out of the building. The
school administration looked shooketh at every turn. Student agitators were
out maneuvering them like master chess players. After two months
of protest, there appeared to be no end in sight.
So the Academic Senate, made up of UC Berkeley's faculty,
convened and took a vote, and shockingly, they overwhelmingly sided
(16:01):
with the protesters. Mario Savio and his comrade suspensions were
rescinded and all charges were dropped. The student protesters gathered
to await the final announcement.
Speaker 13 (16:13):
Student rallies at the University of California at Berkeley over
the past two months have become commonplace, but today's rally
in front of Sproul Hall has taken on a different tone.
Several thousand students have gathered for what has been billed
as a victory celebration, a victory the students feel is
assured as a result of yesterday's action by the Academic Senate.
Speaker 2 (16:37):
After two months of relentless protesting, UC Berkeley's administration voted
to remove all restrictions on political activity on campus. The
graduate students that instigated the entire affair had achieved a
near complete victory, and the whole world took notice. When
it was all over, the leader of the protest, Mario Savio,
(16:58):
gave a victory speech, and his worldview sounded familiar.
Speaker 9 (17:03):
Been said that we, you know, we've been revolutionaries and
all this sort of thing. In a way, that's true.
We've gone back to a traditional view of the university.
The traditional view the university is a community of scholars,
of faculty and students get together with complete honesty, who
(17:25):
bring will bring the hard light of free inquiry to
bear upon important matters in the sciences, but also in
the social sciences, the question of just what ought to be,
not just what is.
Speaker 2 (17:37):
Shortly after their win, Mario Savio took questions from the media.
Speaker 14 (17:40):
Do you see this as an issue that will be
affecting other campuses.
Speaker 13 (17:43):
Or is this a specific problem in your own school?
Speaker 9 (17:47):
No, I think that this will in the near future
begin affecting other campuses.
Speaker 2 (17:51):
How were they able to pull it off? How did
these young students out maneuver a seasoned university administration and
police force. Well, the students that led this campaign were
not your normal students. Some weren't students at all. Simply put,
they were Marxists that were intellectually fueled by the ideas
of the Frankfurt School. The entire Berkeley protest was branded
(18:15):
as the beginning of the FSM or the Free speech Movement,
but it was false advertising. A participant in the protest
later confessed the true goal of their activism when he
wrote quote the claim that the free speech movement was
fighting for free speech for all was always a charade.
Within weeks of the free speech movements founding, it became
(18:35):
clear to the leadership that the struggle was really about
clearing barriers to using the campus as a base for
radical political activity end quote. In other words, the entire
Berkeley protest was a planned campaign, and it was planned
by Marxists. The main ring leaders were part of a
radical socialist group on campus. Here's one of the primary organizers,
(18:56):
Bettina Abbatheker, speaking shortly after the protest about her communist beliefs.
Speaker 15 (19:02):
I think that the student on the campus respected the
fact that I disclosed my membership in the Communist Party
and the fact that I did it, and the timing
of it, the fact that I didn't do it at
a time when it would have hurt the FSM or
would have hurt the movement on the campus.
Speaker 2 (19:18):
Betina worked closely with the Communist Party USA. Her father
was a Marxist historian and strategist for the party. She'd
go on to work with Herbert Marcuse, but we'll go
into that later. The so called student that went limp
when arrested was not a student at all. Listen again
to his interview while in the back of the squad,
car Oh, I.
Speaker 5 (19:36):
Just did put any of my fellow students or my
fellows and all these organizations.
Speaker 2 (19:42):
Did you catch that? To a UC Berkeley student just
walking up while he was being arrested. Jack Weinberg appeared
to be one of them, but he wasn't. He was
a Marxist, a former student that wanted to help create
a base for political activism on the Berkeley campus. This
group was inspired by Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution. They coalesced
(20:05):
around a Berkeley magazine called Root and Branch that carried
fawning articles about the socialist revolutionary These UC Berkeley students
disagreed with the old Marxist left's beliefs that communism was
an inevitable outcome of capitalism. Instead, they adopted the Frankfurt
School's critical theory approach. They believed the socialist ideal would
(20:26):
only come through activism, and there was no better place
to get active than within the institution that teaches the
future leaders of the country what it means to be American.
So they went to work and changed the rules of
the university. Many of them, including both Jack Weinberg and
Mario Savio, spent the summer before the protest working with
the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee or SNICK, a radical
(20:50):
black activist organization that was led by this man.
Speaker 14 (20:53):
We have to move through a position where we can
feel strength and unity amongst each other, from what.
Speaker 16 (20:59):
To Harlem, where we won't ever be afraid.
Speaker 14 (21:04):
And the last thing we have to do is to
build a power base so strong in this country that
will bring them to their needs every time they met
with us.
Speaker 2 (21:13):
That's Stokely Carmichael. When the Berkeley protests broke out in
nineteen sixty four. Stokely Carmichael was a relative unknown. He
worked with organizing sit ins in Mississippi. The famous Berkeley
Free speech protest wasn't spontaneous, it was coordinated. An alliance
was quietly forming between college Marxist and black radicals, and
(21:34):
Stokely Carmichael was a bridge between the two worlds.
Speaker 1 (21:40):
Stokely was a graduate from Howard University, a historically black college.
He got his start working with Martin Luther King Junior
organizing student sit ins in the South, but by nineteen
sixty four he started to venture away from MLK Junior's
nonviolent approach, instead finding inspiration in Malcolm X, who took
a much more aggressive stance to confrontation.
Speaker 17 (22:01):
This afternoon, we want to talk about the ballot or
the bullet. You do too much singing.
Speaker 13 (22:12):
Today.
Speaker 17 (22:13):
It's time to stop singing and start swinging.
Speaker 1 (22:18):
Malcolm X was teaching a new generation of black activists
to be more aggressive in getting what they want, and
he even began adopting Marxist rhetoric.
Speaker 17 (22:30):
You and I are living at a time when there's
a revolution going on, a worldwide revolution. It goes beyond Mississippi.
It goes beyond Alabama, it goes beyond Harlem. There's a
world wide revolution going on, and it's in two phases.
Number one, what is it revolting?
Speaker 1 (22:49):
Again?
Speaker 17 (22:50):
The power structure, the American power structure. No, the French
power structure, No, the English power structure.
Speaker 18 (22:58):
No.
Speaker 17 (22:58):
Then what power structure? An international Western power strum.
Speaker 1 (23:03):
So when Malcolm X was killed in nineteen sixty five,
Stokely Carmichael picked up the baton where he left off.
By the following year, Stokely was popularizing a rallying.
Speaker 11 (23:12):
Call black power.
Speaker 1 (23:15):
We are black power, we want black Power. Stokely Carmichael
became the ringleader of what would come to be known
as the Black Power movement, and he was directly connected
to the radicals at Berkeley, so much so that they
asked him to speak at the university in October nineteen
sixty six. Ronald Reagan, the candidate for California governor, asked
Stokely not to take the stage.
Speaker 14 (23:37):
He did anyway, thank you very much. Rival Edgennon h
to be in the white intellectual ghetto of the West.
We are engaged in the psychological struggle in this country,
and that is whether or not black people will have
the right to use the words they want to use
with our white people giving their sanction to it. And
(23:59):
now we are mantaining whether they like it or not,
we're gonna use the word black power and let them
address themselves to that, but that we are not going
away for white people to sanction black power. We're tired waiting.
Every time black people move in this country, they're forced
to defend their position before they move. It's time that
the people who are supposed to be defending their position
(24:21):
do that.
Speaker 15 (24:21):
That's white people.
Speaker 14 (24:22):
They ought to start defending themselves as to why they
have oppressed and exploited us. And that is the real
question I think facing the right activists today, can they
in fact begin to move into and tear down the
institutions which have put it all in the trick bag
that we've been into for the last one hundred years.
Speaker 1 (24:41):
While visiting the Bay Area for a speech, Stokely met
with a new group of black militants. It called themselves
the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. Its leaders were
two merit college students that were inspired by Karl Marx,
Melcy Tongue shape Overa and Malcolm x Stokely Carmichael linked
his snack organization with the Black Panthers and would eventually
gain the title of the Honorary Trime Minister of the
(25:03):
Black Panthers. And it wasn't long before he connected with
the intellectual godfather of this new forming alliance, Herbert Marcusa.
By nineteen sixty seven, Herbert Marcusa was a professor at
UC San Diego. He was a relative unknown to the
general public, but he was reaching legendary status within the
(25:27):
hardcore Marxist academic circles throughout the world. Aside from his
book One Dimensional Man being a smash hit among Marxist revolutionaries,
he'd recently penned an essay entitled Repressive Tolerance, and by
doing so he gave birth to the idea of cancel culture.
In the essay, he wrote, quote, I suggest in repressive
Tolerance the practice of discriminating tolerance in an inverse direction
(25:49):
as a means of shifting the balance between right and
left by restraining the liberty of the right, thus counteracting
the pervasive inequality of freedom and strengthening the oppressed against
the oppressor. He continued, quote Liberating tolerance then would mean
an intolerance against movements from the right and toleration of
movements from the left end quote. In essence, what Marcusa
(26:11):
was arguing was that the new Left should completely censor
any movement coming from the right and should tolerate all
movements coming from the left, even if they were violent.
The newly forming Leftist Alliance loved the concept and it
made him the perfect featured speaker at a nineteen sixty
seven gathering across the Pond. Marcusa, along with Stokely Carmichael,
(26:32):
were asked to speak at a London conference entitled Congress
of the Dialectics of Liberation and the Demystification of Violence.
The gathering was a coming together of the two sides
of the leftist factions around the globe, the ones that
wanted a revolution through peace and the other that wanted
it by any means necessary, including violence.
Speaker 18 (26:57):
Violence is the long ways, be necessary, the clear way,
the shreds of men.
Speaker 15 (27:03):
Who have been a case intitute a ball, and.
Speaker 3 (27:06):
Don't escalate the hostility, don't escalate the anger.
Speaker 18 (27:11):
It was a two week congress of intellectuals in London,
Black Power People headed by Stokely Carmichael, the Flower People
represented by Alan Ginsburg, political scientists, and a host of
sociologists and social psychologists from the US and Britain. The
common theme of the meeting was violence and revolution. The
(27:32):
participants seemed to accept the picture of a world divided
into two great political power blocks, with the third world,
underdeveloped countries and underprivileged minority groups being violently exploited by
the two giants in such a way that their only
relief from this exploitation is by violence.
Speaker 1 (27:51):
Herbert Marcus and Stokely Carmichael intended to give a justification
for the violent side of the argument. At the time,
in the summer of nineteen sixty seven, violence was breaking
out throughout America.
Speaker 12 (28:03):
Bigans died in these streets, three hundred eighty six were injured,
four hundred and seventy seven buildings were damaged or destroyed.
Speaker 1 (28:11):
The riots would come to be known as the Long
Hot Summer of nineteen sixty seven. Over one hundred and
fifty riots were breaking out in Atlanta, Birmingham, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Minnesota, Newark,
New York City, and many others. During the conference, riots
were breaking out in Detroit.
Speaker 19 (28:28):
As governor of the state of Michigan.
Speaker 20 (28:29):
I do hereby officially request.
Speaker 19 (28:31):
The immediate deployment of federal troops in the Michigan who assist.
Speaker 12 (28:34):
State of local authorities and re establishing law and order
in the city of Detroit.
Speaker 5 (28:38):
The city of Detroit was shut down.
Speaker 12 (28:40):
Law and order have broken down in Detroit, Michigan. Paleage, looting, murder,
and arson have nothing to do with civil rights. Something
like it happened in seventy six American cities.
Speaker 16 (28:53):
This. I don't think it's right for.
Speaker 14 (28:55):
Our people that actuated there, because we're fighting one war.
Speaker 15 (28:59):
Now in Vietnam.
Speaker 6 (29:00):
Ruhluse as it is, so, I mean, come back here
and fight the war among them, I mean among a fil.
Speaker 1 (29:06):
This Dialectics of Liberation Congress was organized to address the
rising violence, and an attendee accused Stokely Carmichael of stoking
the fire.
Speaker 6 (29:15):
Well, I want to ask him, this is my question,
is since you became a so called violent man.
Speaker 18 (29:21):
Certainly since you started advocating black power, have you been arrested?
Speaker 15 (29:27):
Have you got a rifle?
Speaker 19 (29:28):
Have you gone down.
Speaker 12 (29:29):
On the streets of Europe and stipe from the.
Speaker 20 (29:31):
Windows with all the kids for stopping.
Speaker 11 (29:33):
I was arrested before I came here by side to
rifle that's tried to kill a cop.
Speaker 14 (29:38):
You don't want to stop white violence?
Speaker 17 (29:40):
Do you?
Speaker 15 (29:41):
You don't want to stop me?
Speaker 4 (29:42):
Do you?
Speaker 11 (29:42):
Do you want the descendants of the violent society?
Speaker 9 (29:46):
Have you stopped it?
Speaker 11 (29:48):
Have you stopped it?
Speaker 17 (29:50):
Have you stopped it?
Speaker 1 (29:59):
Herbert MARCUSO was a man on the hunt for a
socialist revolution. It was hard to see that the energy
being expressed among the Black Power militants and student radicals
was where the action was at. He was welcomed at
the Congress with open arms.
Speaker 16 (30:12):
It's my great honor today to introduce to you one
of the greatest thinkers of our age, Herbert Marcus. Herbert
Marcus is a very modest man. He really doesn't believe
he's very important at all. But I think every word
he's written, I won't go through the catalogs of his works,
Errors and Civilization, One dimensional man, disproves the modesty that
(30:35):
he protests. I think every sentence he utters today will
also disprove that. I like to introduce to you Herbert MARCUSA.
Speaker 1 (30:46):
When you step the stage. He started by mocking the
flower side of the debate.
Speaker 21 (30:50):
I'm very happy to see so many flowers here, and
that is why I want to remind you that flowers
by themselves have no power whatsoever than the power of
men and women who protect them and take care of
them against aggression and destruction.
Speaker 1 (31:13):
He went on to argue that the leaders of this
new left movement needed to take the violent energy being
expressed in capitalist countries and channeling it towards the socialist revolution.
Speaker 22 (31:23):
But the ferment is there. The ground can and must
be prepared. The mutilated consciousness and the mutilated instincts must
be broken, and the sensitivity and the awareness of the
(31:43):
new transcending antagonistic values. They are there, and they are there.
They are here precisely among the non integrated, the still
non integrated social groups, and among those who, by virtue
(32:04):
of their privileged position can pi us the ideological and
material whale of maths, communication, and indoctrination, namely the Intelligensta.
Speaker 1 (32:20):
In the crowd was a young student of Herbert Marcusa's
that wanted to follow in the professor's footsteps, and she'd
turn out to be one of the key revolutionaries that
would eventually help bring wokeness into the American mainstream.
Speaker 2 (32:35):
Do you want to hear Red Pilled America Stories ad free.
Then become a backstage subscriber. Just log onto Redpilled America
dot com and click join in the top menu. Join
today and help us save America one story at a time.
Speaker 1 (32:49):
Welcome back to Red Pilled America. So in nineteen sixty seven,
Stokely Carmichael of the Black Panthers and Herbert Marcusa connected
at a London conference to argue for a socialist revolution
in America by any means necessary, even violence. In the
crowd was a young student of Herbert Marcusa's that wanted
to follow in the professor's footsteps, and she'd turned out
(33:10):
to be one of the key revolutionaries that would eventually
help bring wokeness into the American mainstream. Enter Angela Davis.
Speaker 8 (33:18):
Herbert Marcus taught me that it was possible to be
an academic and an activist, a scholar and a revolutionary.
Speaker 2 (33:30):
Angela Davis was born in nineteen forty four Birmingham, Alabama,
to a bourgeois black family. She grew up around communist
intellectuals and organizers. Her mother worked with the Southern Negro
Youth Congress, a Communist affiliated group. In her youth, she
got involved with Girl Scouts protests against racial segregation in
her hometown, providing her first taste in political activism. By
(33:53):
the time she reached her junior year of high school,
she considered becoming a pediatrician, but knew that would keep
her in the black bourgeois society structure that she wanted
out of. She was recruited by the American Friends of
Service Committee, a far left group that funded black students
from the South to attend schools in the North. She
(34:15):
had an appreciation for music and theater, so at the
age of fifteen, she decided to take the group up
on their offer to attend school in New York City
to be involved in the Big Apples cultural universe. She
lived with Reverend W. H. Melish, who was a Communist,
and attended a high school in Greenwich Village. She was
recruited by a communist youth group called Advance. Then in
(34:35):
the early nineteen sixties, she took a scholarship to Brandeis College.
It was there that she was introduced to Herbert Marcusa
for the first time. She recalled their initial interaction.
Speaker 23 (34:46):
I attended his lecture course when I was a first
year student freshman, and I was drawn by the way
he was able to put history and philosophy together in
a context that allowed us to think about the future
(35:09):
as history, and so I watched him from afar for
a while.
Speaker 2 (35:17):
Then a crisis hit America that opened her eyes to
a new possibility.
Speaker 3 (35:21):
Good evening, my fellow citizens. This government has promised has
maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet military build up
on the island of Cuba. Within the past week, unmistakable
evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive
missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island.
(35:43):
The purpose of these bases can be none other than
to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere.
Speaker 2 (35:51):
As the news broke, Angela Davis watched as Professor Herbert
Marcusa took action on campus.
Speaker 23 (35:57):
I can actually remember him speaking during the Cuban missile crisis.
Speaker 2 (36:02):
It opened her eyes to the idea that becoming an
academic didn't mean that you had to abandon activism. Her
junior year, she spent some time studying in Europe, but
by the time she returned for her senior year, Angela
Davis decided that she wanted to follow in Herbert Marcusa's footsteps.
Speaker 23 (36:17):
I was ready to move from French literature to philosophy,
which French literature was my major, and I went to
him and told him that I was really interested in
studying in philosophy, but I didn't know where to begin,
and I hadn't had any formal training.
Speaker 2 (36:35):
Marcusa saw something in the young lady. She was hungry, smart,
attractive and black with a big afro. Maybe he saw
her as a potential intellectual revolutionary for the next generation.
So Marcusa agreed to teach her philosophy through private sessions.
Speaker 23 (36:51):
He said, okay, well, let's been the first semester doing
an independent study, which will be an intensive engagement with
the history of Western philosophy. So we started with the
pre Socratics and I met with him a couple of
times a week.
Speaker 2 (37:19):
As an undergraduate. He asked her to take his graduate course.
Speaker 23 (37:22):
And so by the time I finished that, I was hooked.
Speaker 2 (37:26):
She graduated from Brandeis in nineteen sixty five and decided
she wanted to continue her studies at the Frankfurt School,
which had already reopened in Germany.
Speaker 23 (37:35):
It was because of his influence that I decided to
go to Germany and study with former colleagues of his,
Theodore Adorno and Max Houckheimer.
Speaker 2 (37:44):
She studied at the Frankfort School for two years and
stayed in touch with marcusa. Then in nineteen sixty seven,
a movement burst onto the scene in the United States.
Speaker 6 (37:57):
I like to make a statement now with disrespect, the
statement of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense on
the now penning before the California Legislature.
Speaker 2 (38:05):
Stokely Carmichael's comrades in the Bay Area decided to occupy
the California capital to protest the passage of a law
that would prohibit the open carrying of firearms in the state.
The Black Panthers had been intimidating police officers in their
neighborhood of Oakland by carrying firearms to monitor their traffic stops.
Ronald Reagan, who'd recently been elected as governor of California
(38:26):
on a platform of law and order, supported the passage
of the bill.
Speaker 7 (38:30):
But I would think that some of the bills that
have been suggested, such as not carrying a loaded weapon
on a city street or in town, this might certainly
be a good when there is absolutely no reason why
out on the street today, civilians should be carrying a
loaded weapon.
Speaker 2 (38:48):
So the Black Panthers staged a protest of the bill
by carrying their firearms into the Capitol.
Speaker 6 (38:53):
The black panther part of the self defense cause upon
the American people in general, and the Black people in particular,
to take full note of the racist California legislature which
is now considering legislation aimed at keeping the black people
disarmed and powerless, at the very same time that racist
police agencies throughout the country are intensifying the terror, brutality, murder,
(39:17):
and repression of Black people. At the same time that
the American government is waging a racist war of genocide
and Vietnam, the concentration camps in which Japanese Americans were
interned during World War II are being reinovated and expanded.
Speaker 8 (39:33):
We are forced to conclude.
Speaker 6 (39:34):
That these concentration camps are being prepared for black people
who are determined to gain their freedom by any means necessary.
Speaker 2 (39:41):
Pictures of the armed Panthers within the Capitol appeared in
practically every English speaking newspaper in the world, and these
men looked cool, with black leather jackets, big afros, and
attitude Angela Davis saw the news of the incident while
she was in Germany, and after one look at the
Black Panther image, she knew she wanted to get involved
with that militant group. She traveled to London in July
(40:07):
of nineteen sixty seven to hear the Black Panthers Stokely
Carmichael speak with her former professor, Herbert Marcusa.
Speaker 23 (40:15):
Then I I returned to this country and studied with
him in San Diego.
Speaker 1 (40:29):
When Angela Davis arrived in California in nineteen sixty seven,
the stage was set for Herbert Marcusa's new proletariat to
erupt into action. The Black Power movement was attracting new
members like flies to a heaping pile of The sexual
revolution was underway. The feminist movement was ripping off their
bras to stick it to the white man. Socialist radicals
had made inroads into universities like UC Berkeley, and now
(40:52):
even academia had Marxists like Herbert Marcusa infiltrating the hallowed
halls of academia. If each of these factions could come together,
they could produce a woke army with the kind of
energy necessary to start a socialist revolution, and in the
beginning of the nineteen sixty seven school year, that's exactly
what happened next time on red pilled America.
Speaker 12 (41:14):
Recently, or wherever they had a riot in Europe. They
had the riots in Rome and MARCUSI showed up. They
had the riots in Paris when the French had to
bring out the troops and the tanks. MARCUSI was there.
When they had the riots with the students in Berlin,
MARCUSI was there.
Speaker 20 (41:29):
It began a year ago when the so called free
speech advocates, who in truth have no appreciation for freedom.
We're allowed to assault and humiliate the symbol of law
and order, a policeman on the campus. And that was
the moment when the ring leaders should have been taken
to the scuff of the neck and thrown out of
the university once and for.
Speaker 17 (41:47):
We're going to replace capitalism with socialism.
Speaker 8 (41:49):
Now, I think that the real reason that they are
find me is not only because of my membership in
the Communist Party.
Speaker 3 (41:56):
But because I have tried to involve.
Speaker 23 (41:59):
Myself as much as I could in the black liberation
struggle in this country.
Speaker 19 (42:03):
In America, supporters of the blank liberation movements are stepping
up the pressure in the campaign to free Angela Davis,
the blank philosophy elector and communist who is now facing
a charge of murder in California.
Speaker 2 (42:19):
Red Pilled America is an iHeartRadio original podcast. It's owned
and produced by Patrick Carrelci and me Adrianna Cortez of
Informed Ventures. Now. You can get ad free access to
our entire archive of episodes by becoming a backstage subscriber.
To subscribe, visit Redpilled America dot com and click join
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This is Red Pilled America.
Speaker 2 (00:08):
Before we start the show, just a reminder to share, like,
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(00:29):
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Support what you love or it goes away. Thanks everyone.
Speaker 1 (00:43):
Previously on Red Pilled America.
Speaker 2 (00:45):
Wokeness has seeped into every crevice of American culture.
Speaker 1 (00:50):
Ultimately, the Frankfurt School wanted to revent Marxism to make
it an agent of societal change.
Speaker 2 (00:55):
These Marxist intellectuals needed to find the revolutionary energy elsewhere.
They were on the hunt for new oppressed revolutionary.
Speaker 3 (01:03):
My God, the White Man with me, the greatest Liar
Honor and mister X early this morning met with Cuba's
Fidel Castro.
Speaker 2 (01:13):
The Frankfurt School was seeing revolutionary energy bubble up in
various enclaves of America. But perhaps the most surprising space
where this energy was taking root was on college campuses.
Speaker 1 (01:25):
Where did Wokeness come from?
Speaker 2 (01:30):
I'm Patrick Carelchi and I'm Adriana Cortez.
Speaker 1 (01:33):
And this is Red Pilled America, a storytelling show.
Speaker 2 (01:38):
This is not another talk show covering the day's news.
We are all about telling stories.
Speaker 1 (01:43):
Stories. Hollywood doesn't want you to hear stories.
Speaker 2 (01:46):
The media marks stories about everyday Americans at the Globalist Ignore.
Speaker 1 (01:52):
You could think of Red Pilled America as audio documentaries,
and we've promised only one thing, the truth. Welcome to
Red Pilled America. We're at the second part of our
(02:12):
series of episodes entitled Woke Army. You've probably heard Part one,
but if you haven't, stop and go back and listen
from the beginning. We're looking for the answer to the
question where did Wokeness come from? By telling the story
of how an obscure group of German refugees started all
this woke madness and what we need to do to
stop it. So in Part one, we learned that at
(02:33):
the end of World War One, German Marxist intellectuals were
expecting their country to experience a socialist revolution, as their
prophet Karl Marx predicted. They believed communism was the inevitable
outcome of capitalism. Once the working class proletariat realized the
exploitative nature of the capitalist system, they'd rise up and
overthrow it. At the end of World War One, a
(02:54):
socialist uprising did indeed occur, but when it was all over,
the German working class settled on a largely capitalist system.
In the eyes of these marks intellectuals, this wasn't supposed
to happen, so they organized a conference to address the
issue in nineteen twenty three. That conference evolved into a
permanent institution that came to be known as the Frankfort School. Initially,
(03:16):
its researchers took an orthodox approach to studying Marxism. They
focused on economics, but in nineteen thirty German philosopher and
sociologist Max Horkheimer steered the Frankfort School towards the social
sciences to see how German culture influenced the population. Horkheimer
felt that if they could understand how both culture and
the economy influenced the German people, they could better devise
(03:36):
a way from Marxism to spread throughout their country. In
nineteen thirty three, the institute hired political philosopher Herbert Marcusa,
but before Marcusa could start, the Nazi Party took control
of Germany. The Frankfurt School intellectuals were largely Jewish, so
they fled the country, eventually finding refuge at Columbia University
in New York. Away from the iron fist of Hitler.
(03:57):
They embarked on Horkheimer's grand vision to find a way
for Marxism to spread into Western six societies that had
been stubbornly resistant to communist revolution. In nineteen thirty seven,
Horkheimer introduced his seminal Critical Theory, an approach to social
philosophy that attempts to shift society towards Marxism. This shift
occurs by critically tearing down the existing capitalist society through critique.
(04:21):
The power of critical theory is that it introduced activism
into academia. In nineteen forty four, Max Horkheimer and his
Frankfort School colleague Theodore Adorno authored Dialectic of Enlightenment, where
they argued that the capitalist working class had been fooled
into conformity through the mass cultural industries of film, radio, magazines, music, books,
and the like. By the end of the nineteen fifties,
(04:42):
the Frankfort School intellectuals were coalescing around the consensus that
the working class no longer had the energy needed to
trigger their socialist revolution. Their original proletariat was too busy
enjoying the fruits of capitalism, so they went on a
hunt to find their new oppressed revolutionaries, and Marcusa began
to find them in odd corners of society. The Black Nationalists,
(05:03):
led by Malcolm X, had a militant energy that found
a kinship with Cubist communist revolutionary Fidel Castro. The second
wave feminist leaders like Betty for Dan were using socialist rhetoric,
and rebellious college students began to show an openness to
radicalism as well. These movements looked separate, but Marcusa found
in them a common thread. They each had the energy
(05:24):
necessary to spark a socialist revolution, and they all adopted
the same simple idea that they were being oppressed by
a system of control created by the white man. These
desperante movements were gaining followers, but it wasn't until the
assassination of John F. Kennedy Junior in nineteen sixty three
that they really went into action. The horrible news was
the trigger needed to start a socialist uprising in America.
(05:47):
Herbert Marcusa saw the common thread throughout these outcast groups
and used it to thread the needle in his seminal
nineteen sixty four book One Dimensional Man. In it, Marcusa
argued that capitalism whittled down critical thinking, making man a
one dimensional creature, unaware that he is a victim of
a domination system. To overcome their victimhood, Marcusa argued that
(06:08):
one has to have an awakening to this system of control.
In other words, they had to go woke. Marcusa released
One Dimensional Man in nineteen sixty four, and it captured
the hearts of revolutionary leaders everywhere. In July nineteen sixty four,
riots erupted in Harlem, the same borough that fawned over
Fidel Castro and Malcolm X's meeting just four years earlier.
(06:34):
Harlem rioters chanted from Malcolm X. To some the isolated
chaos and destruction looked coordinated, but it was a protest
just a few months later on a California college campus
that would clearly signal a dark alliance that was forming
in the shadows.
Speaker 2 (06:52):
By the beginning of the nineteen sixty four school year.
To an outsider, UC Berkeley looked like a traditional whitebread university,
but under its surface, the campus had already been infected
with the revel plutionary mindset. The faculty had welcomed the
controversial Malcolm X to speak on campus, and there was
a small group of graduate students in the social science
(07:12):
and humanities departments that wanted to bring a certain brand
of radical politics onto campus. At the time, however, advocating
for political causes on UC Berkeley's campus was largely prohibited.
These students wanted to change this rule, so they decided
to push the situation. At the time, Berkeley students typically
(07:34):
set up rows of tables at an entrance to the
campus property near the Social Sciences department, where they handed
out information for a variety of on campus activities. So
at the beginning of the nineteen sixty four nineteen sixty
five school year, these politically minded graduate students convinced others
to join them in setting up tables at this same
location to promote political causes. The school administration took the
(07:56):
bait and told the students they had to stop. University
of California President Clark Kerr explained us SEE Berkeley's response
to the student's prohibited activity.
Speaker 4 (08:06):
Told him they had to go back on the streets
where they've done traditionally for this kind of activity, and
they then took the position that we want to undertake
these activities on campus property itself. When we said this
is not possible.
Speaker 2 (08:18):
The students responded, like seasoned pros, the.
Speaker 5 (08:22):
Effect of cutting this off is to stop political activity
on this campus.
Speaker 2 (08:30):
The team that started it all began to rally other
student groups, arguing that it was a violation of their
First Amendment rights, and convinced them to defy the school's
prohibition on political activity by setting up tables again, but
this time further within the campus. On October first, nineteen
sixty four, they did just that, setting their grand plan
(08:51):
in motion. Campus police approached one of the males sitting
at the table, a young man named Jack Weinberg, and
asked for his ID. He wouldn't produce one, so they
began to arrest him for trust passing, but as they did,
he surprisingly went limp. The campus police were a bit perplexed.
They hadn't faced anything like this on this prestigious college campus.
(09:13):
One went to fetch their vehicle to get it closer
to the now limp student. He drove it up onto
the campus, and as the officers dragged him to the car,
almost like clockwork, students began to gather all around them,
arguing that they'd have to arrest them all one.
Speaker 6 (09:29):
You can't pick on one.
Speaker 7 (09:31):
I am to come with me, or.
Speaker 8 (09:36):
We're all at table.
Speaker 2 (09:40):
The officers eventually got jack Weinberg into the squad car,
but as they tried to drive away, Berkeley students surrounded
their vehicle, locking its passage and refusing to let it
leave until the officers let him go. One hour turned
(10:00):
to two hours, and the students wouldn't budge. As the
hours began piling up, hundreds of students began camping out
around the police car. One of the original instigators of
this confrontation, a graduate student named Mario Savio, hopped on
top of the vehicle and made some demands. First, the
police had to stop the arrest of their comrade.
Speaker 9 (10:22):
And second, we're asking that there'd be no no restrictions
on the content of speech save those provided by the courts.
And that's that's an enormous amount of freedom.
Speaker 2 (10:36):
If the administration refused, Mario Savio gave the school administration
a public warning that they would be subjected to constant,
embarrassing protest until the universities submitted to their demands. This
was unprecedented. The school had never seen anything like this before.
They had no game plan and were completely unprepared for
(10:57):
what happened next.
Speaker 1 (11:00):
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Speaker 2 (12:08):
Welcome back to Red Pilled America. So, after Jack Weinberg
was arrested and put in the campus police car, UC
Berkeley students surrounded the vehicle and wouldn't let it drive away.
A standoff ensued, and one of the organizers of the protest,
Mario Savio, made some demands The school had to stop
arresting their comrade and remove all restrictions of political speech
(12:30):
on campus. The campus police refused Mario Savio's demands and
to stand off ensued. As if it were scripted. Media
caught wind of the situation and began talking to the
arrested student, Jack Weinberg, as he was still seated in
the back of the squad car.
Speaker 5 (12:46):
Oh, I just did what any of my fellow students
or my fellows and all the organizations would have done.
Speaker 2 (12:53):
The now building group of protesters were being organized by
the politically active students, and they wouldn't budge. Mario, the
leader of the group making demands, began negotiations with the
school administration, and after a thirty two hour standoff with
students refusing to leave, University of California President doctor Clark
(13:15):
Kerr emerged with an announcement, Well.
Speaker 10 (13:17):
There's met an agreement signed.
Speaker 3 (13:19):
An agreement side he.
Speaker 10 (13:20):
Asked by the student groups and by MIA's president of
the university, which has several points to it. The first
point is that the student demonstrators shall desist from their
illegal actions protesting university regulations. We've also agreed to set
up a committee to examine.
Speaker 2 (13:42):
The rules for the next few weeks. Mario Savio and
school officials negotiated, hoping to reach a final agreement, but
when the University of California president emerged again, he announced
the suspension of Mario Savio and eight other student protesters.
That's when Mario and his team stepped up their attack.
Speaker 11 (14:00):
At the time when the operation of the machine becomes
so odious, makes you're so sick at heart, but you
can't take part, you can't even passively take part.
Speaker 6 (14:11):
And you've got to put your.
Speaker 11 (14:12):
Bodies upon the gears and upon the wheels, upon the leavers,
upon all the apparatus, and you've got to make it stop.
And you've got to indicate to the people who run it,
to the people who own it, that unless you're free,
the machine will be prevented from working at all.
Speaker 2 (14:27):
He called for the immediate takeover of the administration building.
The protest organizers went to work like seasoned professional agitators,
corralling students into the building to stage a sit in.
Speaker 9 (14:40):
SAFAA civil rights movement to the stairwell over there, or.
Speaker 1 (14:45):
Will be open for anyone who would like to leave,
and you may leave at any time, but you may
not get back in this golure own.
Speaker 2 (14:51):
The administration in. Campus police appeared stunned and again completely
unprepared for their action. With media crews now capturing the
entire occupation, the campus police made an announcement, I.
Speaker 12 (15:03):
Have an announcement. This assemblage has developed to such a
point that the purpose and the work of the university
have been materially impaired.
Speaker 2 (15:15):
Hundreds of officers entered the administration building and began arresting
the protesters. Roughly seven hundred and fifty were hauled off
to jail. The entire affair consumed the campus and the media,
and it looked as if the leaders of the protests
were just getting warmed up as they sang and smiled
(15:37):
their way through being dragged out of the building. The
school administration looked shooketh at every turn. Student agitators were
out maneuvering them like master chess players. After two months
of protest, there appeared to be no end in sight.
So the Academic Senate, made up of UC Berkeley's faculty,
convened and took a vote, and shockingly, they overwhelmingly sided
(16:01):
with the protesters. Mario Savio and his comrade suspensions were
rescinded and all charges were dropped. The student protesters gathered
to await the final announcement.
Speaker 13 (16:13):
Student rallies at the University of California at Berkeley over
the past two months have become commonplace, but today's rally
in front of Sproul Hall has taken on a different tone.
Several thousand students have gathered for what has been billed
as a victory celebration, a victory the students feel is
assured as a result of yesterday's action by the Academic Senate.
Speaker 2 (16:37):
After two months of relentless protesting, UC Berkeley's administration voted
to remove all restrictions on political activity on campus. The
graduate students that instigated the entire affair had achieved a
near complete victory, and the whole world took notice. When
it was all over, the leader of the protest, Mario Savio,
(16:58):
gave a victory speech, and his worldview sounded familiar.
Speaker 9 (17:03):
Been said that we, you know, we've been revolutionaries and
all this sort of thing. In a way, that's true.
We've gone back to a traditional view of the university.
The traditional view the university is a community of scholars,
of faculty and students get together with complete honesty, who
(17:25):
bring will bring the hard light of free inquiry to
bear upon important matters in the sciences, but also in
the social sciences, the question of just what ought to be,
not just what is.
Speaker 2 (17:37):
Shortly after their win, Mario Savio took questions from the media.
Speaker 14 (17:40):
Do you see this as an issue that will be
affecting other campuses.
Speaker 13 (17:43):
Or is this a specific problem in your own school?
Speaker 9 (17:47):
No, I think that this will in the near future
begin affecting other campuses.
Speaker 2 (17:51):
How were they able to pull it off? How did
these young students out maneuver a seasoned university administration and
police force. Well, the students that led this campaign were
not your normal students. Some weren't students at all. Simply put,
they were Marxists that were intellectually fueled by the ideas
of the Frankfurt School. The entire Berkeley protest was branded
(18:15):
as the beginning of the FSM or the Free speech Movement,
but it was false advertising. A participant in the protest
later confessed the true goal of their activism when he
wrote quote the claim that the free speech movement was
fighting for free speech for all was always a charade.
Within weeks of the free speech movements founding, it became
(18:35):
clear to the leadership that the struggle was really about
clearing barriers to using the campus as a base for
radical political activity end quote. In other words, the entire
Berkeley protest was a planned campaign, and it was planned
by Marxists. The main ring leaders were part of a
radical socialist group on campus. Here's one of the primary organizers,
(18:56):
Bettina Abbatheker, speaking shortly after the protest about her communist beliefs.
Speaker 15 (19:02):
I think that the student on the campus respected the
fact that I disclosed my membership in the Communist Party
and the fact that I did it, and the timing
of it, the fact that I didn't do it at
a time when it would have hurt the FSM or
would have hurt the movement on the campus.
Speaker 2 (19:18):
Betina worked closely with the Communist Party USA. Her father
was a Marxist historian and strategist for the party. She'd
go on to work with Herbert Marcuse, but we'll go
into that later. The so called student that went limp
when arrested was not a student at all. Listen again
to his interview while in the back of the squad,
car Oh, I.
Speaker 5 (19:36):
Just did put any of my fellow students or my
fellows and all these organizations.
Speaker 2 (19:42):
Did you catch that? To a UC Berkeley student just
walking up while he was being arrested. Jack Weinberg appeared
to be one of them, but he wasn't. He was
a Marxist, a former student that wanted to help create
a base for political activism on the Berkeley campus. This
group was inspired by Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution. They coalesced
(20:05):
around a Berkeley magazine called Root and Branch that carried
fawning articles about the socialist revolutionary These UC Berkeley students
disagreed with the old Marxist left's beliefs that communism was
an inevitable outcome of capitalism. Instead, they adopted the Frankfurt
School's critical theory approach. They believed the socialist ideal would
(20:26):
only come through activism, and there was no better place
to get active than within the institution that teaches the
future leaders of the country what it means to be American.
So they went to work and changed the rules of
the university. Many of them, including both Jack Weinberg and
Mario Savio, spent the summer before the protest working with
the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee or SNICK, a radical
(20:50):
black activist organization that was led by this man.
Speaker 14 (20:53):
We have to move through a position where we can
feel strength and unity amongst each other, from what.
Speaker 16 (20:59):
To Harlem, where we won't ever be afraid.
Speaker 14 (21:04):
And the last thing we have to do is to
build a power base so strong in this country that
will bring them to their needs every time they met
with us.
Speaker 2 (21:13):
That's Stokely Carmichael. When the Berkeley protests broke out in
nineteen sixty four. Stokely Carmichael was a relative unknown. He
worked with organizing sit ins in Mississippi. The famous Berkeley
Free speech protest wasn't spontaneous, it was coordinated. An alliance
was quietly forming between college Marxist and black radicals, and
(21:34):
Stokely Carmichael was a bridge between the two worlds.
Speaker 1 (21:40):
Stokely was a graduate from Howard University, a historically black college.
He got his start working with Martin Luther King Junior
organizing student sit ins in the South, but by nineteen
sixty four he started to venture away from MLK Junior's
nonviolent approach, instead finding inspiration in Malcolm X, who took
a much more aggressive stance to confrontation.
Speaker 17 (22:01):
This afternoon, we want to talk about the ballot or
the bullet. You do too much singing.
Speaker 13 (22:12):
Today.
Speaker 17 (22:13):
It's time to stop singing and start swinging.
Speaker 1 (22:18):
Malcolm X was teaching a new generation of black activists
to be more aggressive in getting what they want, and
he even began adopting Marxist rhetoric.
Speaker 17 (22:30):
You and I are living at a time when there's
a revolution going on, a worldwide revolution. It goes beyond Mississippi.
It goes beyond Alabama, it goes beyond Harlem. There's a
world wide revolution going on, and it's in two phases.
Number one, what is it revolting?
Speaker 1 (22:49):
Again?
Speaker 17 (22:50):
The power structure, the American power structure. No, the French
power structure, No, the English power structure.
Speaker 18 (22:58):
No.
Speaker 17 (22:58):
Then what power structure? An international Western power strum.
Speaker 1 (23:03):
So when Malcolm X was killed in nineteen sixty five,
Stokely Carmichael picked up the baton where he left off.
By the following year, Stokely was popularizing a rallying.
Speaker 11 (23:12):
Call black power.
Speaker 1 (23:15):
We are black power, we want black Power. Stokely Carmichael
became the ringleader of what would come to be known
as the Black Power movement, and he was directly connected
to the radicals at Berkeley, so much so that they
asked him to speak at the university in October nineteen
sixty six. Ronald Reagan, the candidate for California governor, asked
Stokely not to take the stage.
Speaker 14 (23:37):
He did anyway, thank you very much. Rival Edgennon h
to be in the white intellectual ghetto of the West.
We are engaged in the psychological struggle in this country,
and that is whether or not black people will have
the right to use the words they want to use
with our white people giving their sanction to it. And
(23:59):
now we are mantaining whether they like it or not,
we're gonna use the word black power and let them
address themselves to that, but that we are not going
away for white people to sanction black power. We're tired waiting.
Every time black people move in this country, they're forced
to defend their position before they move. It's time that
the people who are supposed to be defending their position
(24:21):
do that.
Speaker 15 (24:21):
That's white people.
Speaker 14 (24:22):
They ought to start defending themselves as to why they
have oppressed and exploited us. And that is the real
question I think facing the right activists today, can they
in fact begin to move into and tear down the
institutions which have put it all in the trick bag
that we've been into for the last one hundred years.
Speaker 1 (24:41):
While visiting the Bay Area for a speech, Stokely met
with a new group of black militants. It called themselves
the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. Its leaders were
two merit college students that were inspired by Karl Marx,
Melcy Tongue shape Overa and Malcolm x Stokely Carmichael linked
his snack organization with the Black Panthers and would eventually
gain the title of the Honorary Trime Minister of the
(25:03):
Black Panthers. And it wasn't long before he connected with
the intellectual godfather of this new forming alliance, Herbert Marcusa.
By nineteen sixty seven, Herbert Marcusa was a professor at
UC San Diego. He was a relative unknown to the
general public, but he was reaching legendary status within the
(25:27):
hardcore Marxist academic circles throughout the world. Aside from his
book One Dimensional Man being a smash hit among Marxist revolutionaries,
he'd recently penned an essay entitled Repressive Tolerance, and by
doing so he gave birth to the idea of cancel culture.
In the essay, he wrote, quote, I suggest in repressive
Tolerance the practice of discriminating tolerance in an inverse direction
(25:49):
as a means of shifting the balance between right and
left by restraining the liberty of the right, thus counteracting
the pervasive inequality of freedom and strengthening the oppressed against
the oppressor. He continued, quote Liberating tolerance then would mean
an intolerance against movements from the right and toleration of
movements from the left end quote. In essence, what Marcusa
(26:11):
was arguing was that the new Left should completely censor
any movement coming from the right and should tolerate all
movements coming from the left, even if they were violent.
The newly forming Leftist Alliance loved the concept and it
made him the perfect featured speaker at a nineteen sixty
seven gathering across the Pond. Marcusa, along with Stokely Carmichael,
(26:32):
were asked to speak at a London conference entitled Congress
of the Dialectics of Liberation and the Demystification of Violence.
The gathering was a coming together of the two sides
of the leftist factions around the globe, the ones that
wanted a revolution through peace and the other that wanted
it by any means necessary, including violence.
Speaker 18 (26:57):
Violence is the long ways, be necessary, the clear way,
the shreds of men.
Speaker 15 (27:03):
Who have been a case intitute a ball, and.
Speaker 3 (27:06):
Don't escalate the hostility, don't escalate the anger.
Speaker 18 (27:11):
It was a two week congress of intellectuals in London,
Black Power People headed by Stokely Carmichael, the Flower People
represented by Alan Ginsburg, political scientists, and a host of
sociologists and social psychologists from the US and Britain. The
common theme of the meeting was violence and revolution. The
(27:32):
participants seemed to accept the picture of a world divided
into two great political power blocks, with the third world,
underdeveloped countries and underprivileged minority groups being violently exploited by
the two giants in such a way that their only
relief from this exploitation is by violence.
Speaker 1 (27:51):
Herbert Marcus and Stokely Carmichael intended to give a justification
for the violent side of the argument. At the time,
in the summer of nineteen sixty seven, violence was breaking
out throughout America.
Speaker 12 (28:03):
Bigans died in these streets, three hundred eighty six were injured,
four hundred and seventy seven buildings were damaged or destroyed.
Speaker 1 (28:11):
The riots would come to be known as the Long
Hot Summer of nineteen sixty seven. Over one hundred and
fifty riots were breaking out in Atlanta, Birmingham, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Minnesota, Newark,
New York City, and many others. During the conference, riots
were breaking out in Detroit.
Speaker 19 (28:28):
As governor of the state of Michigan.
Speaker 20 (28:29):
I do hereby officially request.
Speaker 19 (28:31):
The immediate deployment of federal troops in the Michigan who assist.
Speaker 12 (28:34):
State of local authorities and re establishing law and order
in the city of Detroit.
Speaker 5 (28:38):
The city of Detroit was shut down.
Speaker 12 (28:40):
Law and order have broken down in Detroit, Michigan. Paleage, looting, murder,
and arson have nothing to do with civil rights. Something
like it happened in seventy six American cities.
Speaker 16 (28:53):
This. I don't think it's right for.
Speaker 14 (28:55):
Our people that actuated there, because we're fighting one war.
Speaker 15 (28:59):
Now in Vietnam.
Speaker 6 (29:00):
Ruhluse as it is, so, I mean, come back here
and fight the war among them, I mean among a fil.
Speaker 1 (29:06):
This Dialectics of Liberation Congress was organized to address the
rising violence, and an attendee accused Stokely Carmichael of stoking
the fire.
Speaker 6 (29:15):
Well, I want to ask him, this is my question,
is since you became a so called violent man.
Speaker 18 (29:21):
Certainly since you started advocating black power, have you been arrested?
Speaker 15 (29:27):
Have you got a rifle?
Speaker 19 (29:28):
Have you gone down.
Speaker 12 (29:29):
On the streets of Europe and stipe from the.
Speaker 20 (29:31):
Windows with all the kids for stopping.
Speaker 11 (29:33):
I was arrested before I came here by side to
rifle that's tried to kill a cop.
Speaker 14 (29:38):
You don't want to stop white violence?
Speaker 17 (29:40):
Do you?
Speaker 15 (29:41):
You don't want to stop me?
Speaker 4 (29:42):
Do you?
Speaker 11 (29:42):
Do you want the descendants of the violent society?
Speaker 9 (29:46):
Have you stopped it?
Speaker 11 (29:48):
Have you stopped it?
Speaker 17 (29:50):
Have you stopped it?
Speaker 1 (29:59):
Herbert MARCUSO was a man on the hunt for a
socialist revolution. It was hard to see that the energy
being expressed among the Black Power militants and student radicals
was where the action was at. He was welcomed at
the Congress with open arms.
Speaker 16 (30:12):
It's my great honor today to introduce to you one
of the greatest thinkers of our age, Herbert Marcus. Herbert
Marcus is a very modest man. He really doesn't believe
he's very important at all. But I think every word
he's written, I won't go through the catalogs of his works,
Errors and Civilization, One dimensional man, disproves the modesty that
(30:35):
he protests. I think every sentence he utters today will
also disprove that. I like to introduce to you Herbert MARCUSA.
Speaker 1 (30:46):
When you step the stage. He started by mocking the
flower side of the debate.
Speaker 21 (30:50):
I'm very happy to see so many flowers here, and
that is why I want to remind you that flowers
by themselves have no power whatsoever than the power of
men and women who protect them and take care of
them against aggression and destruction.
Speaker 1 (31:13):
He went on to argue that the leaders of this
new left movement needed to take the violent energy being
expressed in capitalist countries and channeling it towards the socialist revolution.
Speaker 22 (31:23):
But the ferment is there. The ground can and must
be prepared. The mutilated consciousness and the mutilated instincts must
be broken, and the sensitivity and the awareness of the
(31:43):
new transcending antagonistic values. They are there, and they are there.
They are here precisely among the non integrated, the still
non integrated social groups, and among those who, by virtue
(32:04):
of their privileged position can pi us the ideological and
material whale of maths, communication, and indoctrination, namely the Intelligensta.
Speaker 1 (32:20):
In the crowd was a young student of Herbert Marcusa's
that wanted to follow in the professor's footsteps, and she'd
turn out to be one of the key revolutionaries that
would eventually help bring wokeness into the American mainstream.
Speaker 2 (32:35):
Do you want to hear Red Pilled America Stories ad free.
Then become a backstage subscriber. Just log onto Redpilled America
dot com and click join in the top menu. Join
today and help us save America one story at a time.
Speaker 1 (32:49):
Welcome back to Red Pilled America. So in nineteen sixty seven,
Stokely Carmichael of the Black Panthers and Herbert Marcusa connected
at a London conference to argue for a socialist revolution
in America by any means necessary, even violence. In the
crowd was a young student of Herbert Marcusa's that wanted
to follow in the professor's footsteps, and she'd turned out
(33:10):
to be one of the key revolutionaries that would eventually
help bring wokeness into the American mainstream. Enter Angela Davis.
Speaker 8 (33:18):
Herbert Marcus taught me that it was possible to be
an academic and an activist, a scholar and a revolutionary.
Speaker 2 (33:30):
Angela Davis was born in nineteen forty four Birmingham, Alabama,
to a bourgeois black family. She grew up around communist
intellectuals and organizers. Her mother worked with the Southern Negro
Youth Congress, a Communist affiliated group. In her youth, she
got involved with Girl Scouts protests against racial segregation in
her hometown, providing her first taste in political activism. By
(33:53):
the time she reached her junior year of high school,
she considered becoming a pediatrician, but knew that would keep
her in the black bourgeois society structure that she wanted
out of. She was recruited by the American Friends of
Service Committee, a far left group that funded black students
from the South to attend schools in the North. She
(34:15):
had an appreciation for music and theater, so at the
age of fifteen, she decided to take the group up
on their offer to attend school in New York City
to be involved in the Big Apples cultural universe. She
lived with Reverend W. H. Melish, who was a Communist,
and attended a high school in Greenwich Village. She was
recruited by a communist youth group called Advance. Then in
(34:35):
the early nineteen sixties, she took a scholarship to Brandeis College.
It was there that she was introduced to Herbert Marcusa
for the first time. She recalled their initial interaction.
Speaker 23 (34:46):
I attended his lecture course when I was a first
year student freshman, and I was drawn by the way
he was able to put history and philosophy together in
a context that allowed us to think about the future
(35:09):
as history, and so I watched him from afar for
a while.
Speaker 2 (35:17):
Then a crisis hit America that opened her eyes to
a new possibility.
Speaker 3 (35:21):
Good evening, my fellow citizens. This government has promised has
maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet military build up
on the island of Cuba. Within the past week, unmistakable
evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive
missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island.
(35:43):
The purpose of these bases can be none other than
to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere.
Speaker 2 (35:51):
As the news broke, Angela Davis watched as Professor Herbert
Marcusa took action on campus.
Speaker 23 (35:57):
I can actually remember him speaking during the Cuban missile crisis.
Speaker 2 (36:02):
It opened her eyes to the idea that becoming an
academic didn't mean that you had to abandon activism. Her
junior year, she spent some time studying in Europe, but
by the time she returned for her senior year, Angela
Davis decided that she wanted to follow in Herbert Marcusa's footsteps.
Speaker 23 (36:17):
I was ready to move from French literature to philosophy,
which French literature was my major, and I went to
him and told him that I was really interested in
studying in philosophy, but I didn't know where to begin,
and I hadn't had any formal training.
Speaker 2 (36:35):
Marcusa saw something in the young lady. She was hungry, smart,
attractive and black with a big afro. Maybe he saw
her as a potential intellectual revolutionary for the next generation.
So Marcusa agreed to teach her philosophy through private sessions.
Speaker 23 (36:51):
He said, okay, well, let's been the first semester doing
an independent study, which will be an intensive engagement with
the history of Western philosophy. So we started with the
pre Socratics and I met with him a couple of
times a week.
Speaker 2 (37:19):
As an undergraduate. He asked her to take his graduate course.
Speaker 23 (37:22):
And so by the time I finished that, I was hooked.
Speaker 2 (37:26):
She graduated from Brandeis in nineteen sixty five and decided
she wanted to continue her studies at the Frankfurt School,
which had already reopened in Germany.
Speaker 23 (37:35):
It was because of his influence that I decided to
go to Germany and study with former colleagues of his,
Theodore Adorno and Max Houckheimer.
Speaker 2 (37:44):
She studied at the Frankfort School for two years and
stayed in touch with marcusa. Then in nineteen sixty seven,
a movement burst onto the scene in the United States.
Speaker 6 (37:57):
I like to make a statement now with disrespect, the
statement of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense on
the now penning before the California Legislature.
Speaker 2 (38:05):
Stokely Carmichael's comrades in the Bay Area decided to occupy
the California capital to protest the passage of a law
that would prohibit the open carrying of firearms in the state.
The Black Panthers had been intimidating police officers in their
neighborhood of Oakland by carrying firearms to monitor their traffic stops.
Ronald Reagan, who'd recently been elected as governor of California
(38:26):
on a platform of law and order, supported the passage
of the bill.
Speaker 7 (38:30):
But I would think that some of the bills that
have been suggested, such as not carrying a loaded weapon
on a city street or in town, this might certainly
be a good when there is absolutely no reason why
out on the street today, civilians should be carrying a
loaded weapon.
Speaker 2 (38:48):
So the Black Panthers staged a protest of the bill
by carrying their firearms into the Capitol.
Speaker 6 (38:53):
The black panther part of the self defense cause upon
the American people in general, and the Black people in particular,
to take full note of the racist California legislature which
is now considering legislation aimed at keeping the black people
disarmed and powerless, at the very same time that racist
police agencies throughout the country are intensifying the terror, brutality, murder,
(39:17):
and repression of Black people. At the same time that
the American government is waging a racist war of genocide
and Vietnam, the concentration camps in which Japanese Americans were
interned during World War II are being reinovated and expanded.
Speaker 8 (39:33):
We are forced to conclude.
Speaker 6 (39:34):
That these concentration camps are being prepared for black people
who are determined to gain their freedom by any means necessary.
Speaker 2 (39:41):
Pictures of the armed Panthers within the Capitol appeared in
practically every English speaking newspaper in the world, and these
men looked cool, with black leather jackets, big afros, and
attitude Angela Davis saw the news of the incident while
she was in Germany, and after one look at the
Black Panther image, she knew she wanted to get involved
with that militant group. She traveled to London in July
(40:07):
of nineteen sixty seven to hear the Black Panthers Stokely
Carmichael speak with her former professor, Herbert Marcusa.
Speaker 23 (40:15):
Then I I returned to this country and studied with
him in San Diego.
Speaker 1 (40:29):
When Angela Davis arrived in California in nineteen sixty seven,
the stage was set for Herbert Marcusa's new proletariat to
erupt into action. The Black Power movement was attracting new
members like flies to a heaping pile of The sexual
revolution was underway. The feminist movement was ripping off their
bras to stick it to the white man. Socialist radicals
had made inroads into universities like UC Berkeley, and now
(40:52):
even academia had Marxists like Herbert Marcusa infiltrating the hallowed
halls of academia. If each of these factions could come together,
they could produce a woke army with the kind of
energy necessary to start a socialist revolution, and in the
beginning of the nineteen sixty seven school year, that's exactly
what happened next time on red pilled America.
Speaker 12 (41:14):
Recently, or wherever they had a riot in Europe. They
had the riots in Rome and MARCUSI showed up. They
had the riots in Paris when the French had to
bring out the troops and the tanks. MARCUSI was there.
When they had the riots with the students in Berlin,
MARCUSI was there.
Speaker 20 (41:29):
It began a year ago when the so called free
speech advocates, who in truth have no appreciation for freedom.
We're allowed to assault and humiliate the symbol of law
and order, a policeman on the campus. And that was
the moment when the ring leaders should have been taken
to the scuff of the neck and thrown out of
the university once and for.
Speaker 17 (41:47):
We're going to replace capitalism with socialism.
Speaker 8 (41:49):
Now, I think that the real reason that they are
find me is not only because of my membership in
the Communist Party.
Speaker 3 (41:56):
But because I have tried to involve.
Speaker 23 (41:59):
Myself as much as I could in the black liberation
struggle in this country.
Speaker 19 (42:03):
In America, supporters of the blank liberation movements are stepping
up the pressure in the campaign to free Angela Davis,
the blank philosophy elector and communist who is now facing
a charge of murder in California.
Speaker 2 (42:19):
Red Pilled America is an iHeartRadio original podcast. It's owned
and produced by Patrick Carrelci and me Adrianna Cortez of
Informed Ventures. Now. You can get ad free access to
our entire archive of episodes by becoming a backstage subscriber.
To subscribe, visit Redpilled America dot com and click join
in the top menu. Thanks for listening.
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Patrick Courrielche
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