Josef Matthias Hauer

Josef Matthias Hauer was the odd man out as far as Viennese serialism was concerned; working independently of Arnold Schoenberg, by 1919 Hauer developed a system of twelve-tone organization identical to Schoenberg's in that no note was heard twice until the other 11 were sounded. Hauer's method of applying the technique to musical composition, however, was completely different from Schoenberg's, and his work was never very seriously considered during his lifetime or even immediately after. Toward the end of the twentieth century, Hauer's music began to appear in concert and on...