Episode 9: Uprising: A Guide From Portland: Tactics and Teargas

Inspired by past resistance movements, Portland has at different points adopted a variety of tactics used to achieve protest objectives. Broken windows, graffiti, and nearly nightly dumpster fires has lead the perception that Portland is in ruin. But if you dig deeper than the snappy headlines you’ll find the real destruction that’s facing the city and local ecosystem is due to the unprecedented amount of poison gas munitions used in an American city. 

Host: Robert Evans

Executive Producer: Sophie Lichterman

Writers: Bea Lake, Donovan Smith, Elaine Kinchen, Garrison Davis, Robert Evans

Narration: Bea Lake, Donovan Smith, Elaine Kinchen, Garrison Davis, Robert Evans

Editor: Chris Szczech

Music: Crooked Ways by Propaganda

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Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:00):
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(01:32):
Broken out Windows Business Districts, projective leave the area bill.
You're doing here to this order be subtrict due to
a citation or crowd control agents, including but not limited

(01:55):
to hear yas and or impact weapon, leave the area immediately.
A phrase you'll here thrown around often at Portland protests
is diversity of tactics. It's a civil revolt organizing principle
that dates back to at least around the nineteen sixties
and was popularized by people like Malcolm X. Diversity of

(02:16):
tactics emphasizes making periodic use of force for defensive or
disruptive purposes, stepping beyond the limits of non violence, but
also stopping short of militarization. It's about promoting solidarity between
those who practice peaceful protests and those who are more militant,
as Malcolm X put it are people have made the
mistake of confusing the methods with the objectives. As long

(02:38):
as we agree on objectives, we should never fall out
with each other just because we believe in different methods
or tactics or strategy to reach a common goal. Taking
their cues from Malcolm X, younger and more militant black
liberation activists increasingly supported this approach, with Gloria Richardson of
the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee declaring in nineteen sixty
four that the federal government would only be compared to

(03:00):
intervene on behalf of integration only when matters approach the
level of insurrection. While support for a diversity of tactics
was foundational to struggles throughout the later half of the
twentieth century, the phrase itself was popularized by the protests
against the Republican National Convention and Saint Paul Minnesota. In
two thousand eight, a broad coalition of labor, anti war,

(03:21):
anti globalization, liberal and leftist groups drafted the Saint Paul Principles,
which read as follows. Number one, our solidarity will be
based on respect for a diversity of tactics and the
plans of other groups. Number two the actions and tactics
used will be organized to maintain a separation of time
or space. Number three, any debates or criticisms will stay

(03:42):
internal to the movement, avoiding any public or media denunciations
of fellow activists and events. And number four, we oppose
any state repression of dissent, including surveillance, infiltration, disruption, and violence.
We agree not to assist law enforcement actions against activists
and others. The principles were a rough compromise, the common
ground that most of the ten thousand protesters who gathered

(04:04):
in the Twin Cities to face down heavily militarized police
could agree to. Twelve years later, spurred on by the
murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, the national Uprising of
would grapple with those same debates over acceptable and useful tactics.
They would find no easy answers. Here's Garrison in Portland.

(04:29):
There has been even further distinction between peaceful protests i
long preplanned marches with speeches and no property damage, and
non violent protests where people aren't physically harmed but protesters
do engage in property destruction for various reasons. It's often
said when these different types of protests can happen simultaneously,

(04:50):
both a big more liberal one and a smaller radical one.
That's when you can get the most reforms. As the
Wirelith explains here, Note the audio is re dubbed. I
do think that's important, Like if if we have to
work inside the system and are not able to outright
destroy it, that is definitely an important aspect because it
gives it basically gives the people in charge. In this case,

(05:12):
we'll say Ted Wheeler, there are two options. You can
go with in his mind, the violent rioters wanting to
destroy everything, or you can go with the with the
peaceful ones. He's left with two options, and he's always
going to take like the peaceful liberal marches. And at
the end of the day, it's not nothing because they're
still out there demanding school resource officers out of schools,
the gang Task Force gone, and so it basically makes

(05:34):
them choose. And I guess if we're working in the system,
any progress is good. Despite police and the media's insistence
vandalism and violence are not the same thing. But there
still is a public perception that anarchists, protesters and rioters
are quote destroying the city unquote Tristan notes how violence
and vandalism are misconstruted and exaggerated in press coverage. I

(05:58):
think the kind of the most damaging thing or like
the worst kind of counter um like narrative is masically
basically just around the like vandalism that goes on and
like ah, really kind of blowing that out of proportion
and and and trying to act like that is going

(06:21):
to uh like you know, like it's distracted, Like there's
this you know, narrative going around that that's like distracting
from the real purpose of the movement. That it's you know,
like white anarchists like trying to take the the attention
away from like black folks, and that's usually being pushed
like really conservative black people, and like you know the

(06:44):
kind of people who they have a lot of influence with.
You know, they'll see like mainstream like in the b
sep here in Portland, who has always been tight with
the mayor's office, really pushing that narrative hard, and lots
of other folks you know, coming up to back them up.
At So I guess one thing that I've also seen
is that there's this conflation of like you know, they'll

(07:06):
say like downtown is deserted because of these protests, because
all the violence, but downtown is deserted because of the
pandemic and also despite the plague and a record number
of businesses shutting down due to COVID, Downtown Portland is
unfortunately quite active at the moment. It is in fact
not destroyed nor taking enough appropriate COVID precautions, you know.

(07:29):
And that's not like that's like the most disingenuous thing
you could possibly saying. It's so it seems so patently
obvious that it's like, you know, like a red herring,
but then people are still like buying into it and
to a certain degreer, like echoing that sentiment. And it's
just this is not the case. And it's like and
there's also this like desire for for them to like

(07:52):
they kind of say that it's all white anarchists, but
there's no way that for you to prove that because
most of the people who are doing this share all
blocked up. And it's like, so there's also this like
kind of subtext that they what they really want for
these people, they want to know who these people are,
you know, partially to like like you know, gratify themselves

(08:13):
are trying to be right, but also just so the
fucking cops from now them. You know, it's like it's
like undercurrent of like respectability. Like if you know they
really cared, they would like show their faces or something
like that, Like I don't know. The vast majority of
Portland protesters do not partake in any political violence or
even vandalism, even at the riots that end in destruction

(08:35):
and violence. At almost every one of these protests, physical
violence is started and further escalated by law enforcement. Entire
crowds get punished for the actions of a few individuals.
The more rare alternative to this is quote unquote targeted arrests, that,
despite its name, are often not actually targeted at specific
individuals and instead just end up targeting people wearing black

(08:59):
clothes and those that don't run away fast enough from
riot cops. The people arrested in these targeted arrests often
get charged with a mix of small misdemeanors and sometimes
egregious felonies, most of which end up getting dropped due
to lack of evidence. When the arrests are specifically targeted,
it's usually for such quote unquote crimes as standing and

(09:20):
protesting on the driveway of the ICE building at one am.
The validity of property destruction has faced a lot of
criticism from Pundan's politicians and even many protesters. For the
summer of twenty there was actually very little property destruction
save for the first riot night, as people were mostly
trying to repeat the occupy the areas around boarded up

(09:42):
police buildings. But as the summer turned into fall and
tactics evolved, alongside the smaller crowd sizes, broken windows became
more common. Critics say that it is not strategic because
it does not help grow the movement, gain public support,
or by itself be enough pressure for instituting change. That
much is arguably true, but that assumes those were the

(10:04):
goals of the action in the first place, which is
usually not true. In a recent interview, local political consultant
and former activist Gregory McKelvey said this about the purpose
of vandalism such as breaking windows. Quote, Honestly, I think
in some cases the goal has been explicitly revenge for
night after night of tear gas beatings, disparate policing and

(10:26):
PPBS protection of the ice detention centers. However, again, we
must put ourselves in the minds as someone who probably
rightfully believes the world is ending or at a minimum
is on the brink of being unrecognizable with incredible amounts
of death, pain, and climate chaos. If the world is ending,
some people are going to act like it. It's amazing

(10:47):
to me that liberal Democrats really do believe that we
are on the brink of something like armageddon and then
are shocked that some people behave like it. What did
you picture armageddon to look like? Public testimony unquote Vandalism
like graffitia, breaking windows also serves as a demanding of
attention while also symbolizing a direct attack on racism, class divides, capitalism,

(11:09):
or this datus quo itself. For years, people have tried
just asking nicely. Over the summer here in Portland, there
were thousands of people peacefully demanding a fifty million dollar
budget cut from p PBS two hundred and forty five
million dollar budget to then reinvesting community services. The minus
fifty million would bring the police budget down closer to
their twenty sixteen budget of only a hundred and ninety million.

(11:34):
Other demands include wholly abolishing and replacing the Portland Police
Bureau dropping all charges for civil rights protesters, and that
Mayor Ted Wheeler resigned with none of those demands meant,
and politicians all but ignoring the peaceful demonstrations. People are angry,
so windows get broken, and this seems to be the
only thing that gets attention anymore and keeps the dialogue

(11:55):
about police violence active. Here's Tristan again. Yeah, I mean
that's like I said, like, I definitely feel like that
kind of like vandalism should be engaged with, and like, uh,
let's say a productive kind of way. It's I don't

(12:16):
necessarily think it's wrong, but if it if you can't see, yeah,
I don't know. This is this is hard to part
because I mean, it's totally valid to be able to
speak mad to smash it. And I guess in terms
of like small businesses, um, I mean, well I guess, okay,

(12:39):
So one way that it's if I think fully justified,
even if it is like a small business, if they're
like cop friendly, if they're like cop adjacent, and like
if they got like a Blue Lives Matter fied the
window like gloves off, I don't give a ship. But
you know, if it's just like a random business like
probably don't you know, Because I mean, the cops are

(13:04):
gonna they're gonna come at you anyway, you know, whether
you like break a window or like, you know, burn
a cop car. Right, they're gonna arrest you, and they
can probably arrest you even if you don't do that.
And so it's really just a matter of like, which
of those who acts is actually going to like materially

(13:27):
deprived the police of their ability to commit further harm.
Here's another quote from Gregory in his recent interview at
the willam ad Week. Quote for generations like mine and
the one after. Gregory is in his late twenties. By
the way, we have been told our entire lives that
the world is about to end if nothing is done immediately,
and that all of the evils of our world climate, chaos, racism,

(13:51):
the ills of capitalism, and more are all inexplicably linked.
In my mind and in the minds of protesters, these
things are objectively true. So if a young person is
told the world is ending and then told to sign
up to testify or go vote, that does not meet
the urgency of the moment. Destruction is a natural reaction
to feeling desperate, helpless, and an imminent doom. The solution

(14:14):
to all this would involve actually addressing the legitimate issues
that are killing us all with the urgency that's necessary.
The politicians who are acting like everything is fine as
the world literally burns, or say they care about these
issues but don't actually do anything to fundamentally to fix them,
are only making the problems worse and people's desperation worse.

(14:35):
And then when both liberals and conservatives alike make more
of a fuss about a broken Starbucks window than the
literally hundreds of people beaten and gassed in the streets
by the cops afterwards, that only further proves the protesters point.
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It would be remiss to talk about tactics without mentioning

(17:31):
the influence Hong Kong's protests have had on the Portland
Uprising and BLM protests in general. The militant protests in
Hong Kong sent shock waves across the world months before
the COVID pandemic. Hong Kong protesters used tennis, rackets and
umbrellas to deflect police projectiles, and traffic cones and water
bottles to contain and diffuse tear gas grenades. All of

(17:55):
these tactics were adapted at various points throughout the Portland protests.
At a PPB press conference back in July, the Deputy
Chief featured an infographic describing the different rules protesters took
up in the Hong Kong uprising. PPB also tweeted out
the graphs, saying, quote, we have seen all of this
at demonstrations in Portland. Unquote knowingly or unknowingly, the PVB

(18:18):
had aligned themselves with the Hong Kong police and their
crackdown on the Hong Kong protests, arguably the most widely
accepted and praise protest movement of the last decade prior
to the George Floyd protests. Here's Deputy Chief Chris Davis
introducing the graphic at his July eight press conference. So
now I want to talk just a little bit about

(18:38):
some of the in in broader terms, some of the
tactics that we're saying. We'll make this available as a
pdf for you. This is not sacred information here. This
we got this off the internet. Um, this picture popped
up a lot on social media and on the internet
right as events began. I'm not sure exactly what the

(18:59):
origin of this as we're still working on trying to
figure this out. But this is not our diagram. We
got this off of off of the internet. The graphic
that he showed was originally based on the Hong Kong
protests and designed to assist protesters. It outlines the anatomy
of a typical protest, laying out the different protest rules
that people can take on to achieve their goals. It's

(19:20):
important to note that one person doesn't need to be
stuck with a single purpose for one day. The rules
people take up and the actions they do can be
semi fluid. The graphic gave each of these rules kind
of silly names and well designed based on a different struggle.
Each of these rules was represented in some form in Portland.
First our support rules that people can do from home

(19:41):
if they are unable to attend in person. These include
graphic designers who make posters, banners, and infographics, and people
who work online comms. Listening to police scanners and signal
boosting information about police activity and location from on the
ground sources and then distributing the information via apps like Telegram,
Signal and Twitter. Moving on to at the actual protest

(20:04):
in the back. Barricaders people who build barricades out of
usually found objects. In Portland, we've seen these have two
main purposes. One to help prevent vehicular attacks on the
crowd and too quickly erect obstacles as police are chasing
the crowd to hopefully slow the police down. Up next,
medics and people who help with tear gas or pepper

(20:26):
spray exposure. Medics all have different skill ranges, and in
Portland have had to deal with minor medical issues like
tear gas, but also broken bones, head trauma, seizures, and
gunshot wounds. They often stay towards the back of a
protest to both have a safe place for treatment and
in cases where an ambiliance has to be called. In
closer to the middle, we have people that were playfully

(20:49):
referred to in the Hong Kong graphic as fire squads
and range soldiers. Fire squads are protesters who use water
and traffic cones to suppress and extinguished tear gas canisters.
Portland police even began collecting and confiscating city traffic cones
so that they wouldn't be used this way. Another anti
tear gas measure we've seen is simply heat resistant gloves

(21:09):
used to chuck tear gas back at cops or away
from crowds. Hockey sticks and lacrosse sticks have also been
used to relocate tear gas canisters. During the Fed War,
this group also came to include people with leafblowers who
did a really good job at keeping gas at bay.
Range soldiers are protesters who throw water bottles, paint balloons,
and other random trash to help inhibit police from advancing

(21:32):
beside them. Are light mages and fire mages. Light mages
use lasers and flashlights to obstruct surveillance cameras, drones and
stop police from being able to aim and identify protesters.
While effective when used in the large numbers seen in
the Hong Kong protests, isolated lasers did very little to
obscure cameras or disrupt police surveillance, although the FEDS and

(21:54):
PPB officers did report some ice strain due to the
laser targeting. Portland police have even described being quote unquote
struck with objects including lasers. For example, here in this
audio courtesy of local street reporter Jasper Florence, objects motts, borders,

(22:21):
and lasers. These objects are hard and traveling at high
rates of speed. With these strike officers inter believed to
be coming abrupt shots. Fire majes are protesters who are
prepared to set fires. Often these are two barricades and dumpsters.
Although Portland's months of protests saw extensive use of fireworks

(22:41):
and at least four molotov cocktails, half of which actually
hit fellow protesters, Thankfully, no one was permanently injured by
molotov's in Portland. During now closer to the front peaceful
protesters who make up the bulk of any march action
and could also include people who don't want to fight
but join hand in hand with the front liners and

(23:02):
conserveist human shields. During the fight with the federal forces,
thousands of Portlanders made up of the peaceful crowds, while
the Wall of Moms acted as a front line, often
protecting people who were throwing tear gas canisters back at
the Feds. Another role showcased on the graphic is what's
referred to as a flag bearer. Their job is to
signal and warn when riot police are approaching. In Hong

(23:24):
Kong this was done via flags and signs, and in
Portland this was done by someone with a sports whistle. Then,
of course we have front liners people up at the front,
some ready to take various direct action and others with
umbrellas to guard against projectiles and cameras. And then at
the very front, shield soldiers or shield bearers with shields

(23:45):
made out of foam would or sometimes umbrellas. In July,
Portland's got pretty famous for its shield wall. But like
everything else, needs to be a tactic that's carefully applied
under certain conditions, or it can actually be a hindrance.
In theory, shield walls serve two main purposes. To deflect
against projectiles and offer a first line of defense from

(24:05):
charging enemies or people attacking with batons. Shields are effective
at stop immunition fire, but when facing bullrushes, shields are
grabbed by police and used to gain leverage on protesters,
to push them onto the ground or destabilize them so
they can be attacked and arrested. One element of a
truly effective shield wall, whether you're advancing or simply holding
your ground is people behind the shield wall throwing projectiles,

(24:30):
because often merely a shield wall alone isn't enough to
deter people, which is why when law enforcement brings out
their shields, they also have people behind them shooting grenades
to your gas at pepper balls. Another advantage of the
shield wall projectile combo is that shields can be used
to visually obstruct the police from seeing who is throwing objects,

(24:50):
making them targeted arrests more difficult. But you better be
confident in your throat or you might hit your friends,
although even having a shield in the first play makes
you more of a target for arrests. And if you
touch an officer with your shield, let's say, by an
officer charging directly at you at full speed, you can
get charged with assaulting a police officer. Probably the most

(25:12):
effective shield wall we've seen in Portland was not used
against the PPB or the Feds, but the Proud Boys
and other street fascists. On August two, all these different
elements came together in a rare instance, a strong, tight,
interlocking network of shields with support from behind enough to
stop incoming attackers and folks behind the wall throwing rocks,

(25:33):
water bottles, and fireworks altogether, it was enough to break
the far rights more disorganized and individualistic shield wall. And also,
of course, the Proud Boys don't have arresting powers, so
people are more free to push back with their shields.
Other consideration for shields depend on what your objective is
and what tactics do you use to achieve that objective.

(25:53):
In the fall, as crowds thinned and protests began to
move faster, the large, bulky shields were largely abandoned. I
some protesters in favor of umbrellas. Shields can be heavy
and awkward to move with. Plus there's getting the shield
to the action, carrying it around, and then figuring out
what you want to do with it afterwards. These are
all added considerations, particularly if you want to leave a

(26:15):
protest more covertly. As great as it may be to
have a wooden, foam or plastic shield in the moment
as you're deflecting grenades or pushing off someone, it may
not be worth all those extra tradeoffs, especially if an
umbrella can suffice in your immunitions shielding needs. Umbrellas are

(26:48):
more of a multi use tool that can adapt to
different situations and even be concealable, especially collapsible ones. While
not as sturdy as a shield, umbrellas are generally less
suspicious than huge wooden shield. A reinforced banner can also
provide some protection from munitions while also sending out a message. However,
some places have legal restrictions on what banners can be

(27:09):
made of. Throughout the summer, nightly actions focused on direct
confrontation with police, often returning to repeatedly confront the same
riot line. By August, while protest tactics remained largely unchanged,
the Portland police tactics began to change. PPB alternated between
Knights of brutal bull rushes and physical violence with only
few arrests, and other knights where they conducted mass arrests

(27:32):
of entire crowds. They're not how do you by fall,

(27:59):
Smaller crowd sizes and less frequent actions required protesters to
change up tactics as well. Repeated direct confrontation with riot
lines was in many ways a habit picked up from
the days of mass mobilization at the fence, and such
confrontations took arrests for granted. Protesters were being treated as disposable.
When Portland had been the focus of national news. Facing

(28:21):
down police lines reliably generated front page coverage of police brutality,
but by early fall Portland was no longer the focus
of attention, and over time the shock and awe of
footage showcasing police brutality wears off, even as people keep
getting hurt. By October, nighttime actions began to involve smaller
crowds of people on black Block, smashing the windows of banks,

(28:44):
real estate firms, and Starbucks coffee shops and then attempting
to vanish into the night. These actions raised familiar objections
from the more moderate sectors of the movement and fit
the right wing narrative of the destructive antifa boogeyman. But
as we touched on earlier, these actions were not to
gain good optics, but instead to vent frustration that the
previous demands for change had not been met and to

(29:07):
create an economic cost for the city in maintaining the
status quo. These marches echoed the black block snake marches
of the nineties anti globalization movement, and to a lesser extent,
the b water mantra of the Hong Kong protests, though
in Hong Kong, crowds routinely targeted civil infrastructure. This shift
in tactics resulted in less arrests on average. The smaller

(29:28):
crowd size made the diverse rules the larger demonstrations impossible,
and the prevalence of vandalism meant that those who were
arrested could face some harsher charges. Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler
has admitted to the difficulty of combating such attack and
disappear actions, saying, quote, they pop up wearing black from
head to toe, They go down streets relatively quickly, then

(29:49):
they disappear into the wind. Those tactics have evolved to
a degree where we now find the law enforcement tools
we have in place are dated. We pro I'm Ev Rodsky,
author of the New York Times bestseller fair Play and

(30:11):
Find Your Unicorn Space, activists on the gender division of labor,
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schmid on your face. I feel like I pitched that joke.
I believe that I feel like I did. I'm not

(31:36):
on a thousand percent. I want to say that was
I tossed that one out. Listen to the Welcome to
Our Show podcast on the I Heart Radio app, Apple
podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. Executive producer Paris
Hilton brings back the hit podcast How Men Think. And
that's good news for anyone that is confused by men,

(31:57):
which is basically everyone get an in side look at
what goes on in the mind of men from the
men themselves. It's real talk, straight from the source. How
Men Think podcast is exactly what we need to figure
them out. It's going to be fun and formative and
probably a bit scary at times because we're literally going
inside the minds of men. As much as we like

(32:19):
to think all men are the same, they're actually very different.
Each week, a celebrity guest host provides honest advice in
his area of expertise. When I agreed to do this reboot,
I had a few conditions. No sugarcoating, no mind games,
and absolutely no man splaining. Men are hard enough to
understand without the mind games. Listen to How Men Think

(32:42):
on the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever
you get your podcasts. Since the summer of the image
of black clad ANTIFA militants has loomed large in the
nation's imagination. The garb, which Wheeler describes as black from

(33:05):
head to toe, is of course black. Block counter surveillance tactic,
which originated in Europe in the nineteen eighties and was
first popularized in the United States during the World Trade
Organization protests in Seattle. Traditionally, block serves to protect the
identity of individuals involved in militant action, and people in
block provide a defensive front line in larger protests, specifically

(33:29):
in confrontations with police and the far right. Theoretically, blocks
should make it difficult to identify the wearers, gender, race,
and age. This has led to activists in block being
glossed over as young white anarchists, which Costa takes issues
with people keep hearing that and believing in it does
kiss off some people of color to hear that, but

(33:50):
it's not true. There are there's plenty of people of
color that are in block, and there's plenty of people
in color. I would say the only people that are
the main people that whose ideas are listened to are people.
Given the prevalence of both CCTV and phone cameras. In
protest settings, even the small details can be uniquely identifying.

(34:13):
At a Seattle made, a action in one activist was
ultimately identified by his shoes. As such, modern block often
includes removing logos and other recognizable elements from clothing. This
also means that moral patches or more tactical looking gear
can also be used to identify the wear. Block is
a tactic, not an organization, uniform or identity. Here's an

(34:35):
indigenous participant in the Wall of Moms describing how she
shifted from black block as the protests continued. Yeah, I
up in block. I just like started just I just
went out with like a shirt and a a yellow
shirt and some like black pants and now like fool block,
like with everything, I have a bullet prospect I was

(34:55):
provided to me. Um. Yeah, so transition has been crazy,
the fact just a small amount of lens. Yeah so,
um it's just I'm really big on being autonomous, um
and not really having any leaders or things like that.

(35:19):
And um as I just want to be another face
in the crowd. I don't and I don't I want
to be unrecognizable. Um so I think that like that's
my block. Block is so important and also I don't
want to be targeted UM, and I want to be
able to like protect other people around me. It's my

(35:39):
responsibility to make sure that UM, I am unrecognizable to
like my other protesters and my friends, because if something
happens to me, UM, you know, one one wrong move
or getting docs or something like that can really affect
everyone around me. So that's why it was really important

(36:01):
for me to kind of transition into a block block. UM.
I've just been seeing so many of my friends and
comrades just kind of like getting docs, UM, just being
recognized by like small things, even if they're in block blox.
So UM, it's just it's I just feel like it's
my responsibility. If I'm going to be out there, then

(36:23):
I need to be UM like unnoticeable or unrecognizable. For
obvious reasons, block is only protective in groups and draws
the attention of law enforcement. Another aspect of wearing block
is bringing extra clothes and figuring out when and where
you should take off your black block or d block,

(36:43):
as you probably don't want to get snatched up and
arrested while leaving in action. In Portland on January one,
people were arrested on a sidewalk after a protest many
blocks away, just because they were still wearing black block
and in doing so much the supposed description of people
who vandalized a building I also wearing black clothes. Lots

(37:04):
of people actually wear normal clothes under their block, making
deep blocking a little easier, but people still need to
choose a time and discrete place to take off their
black outer garments. Besides shields, umbrellas and block, the other
gear people have acquired and brought to the protests also
helped set Portland apart. James from Portland Action Medics describes

(37:24):
how the gear their organization provided mirror the evolution of
the movement. The summer got really really wild and um,
you know, first we had respirators, some of us who
are more seasoned protest metics. Um, but they weren't widely
used because when thinking about cheer gases, like if there's

(37:45):
just a little bit of it, you can just walk away,
and like it will burn your eyes, but like if
you just go down wind or upwind, but it's fine
most of the time. But that's not true if they're
using extraordinary quantities of it, such the entire parks are
just full of gas. Right. UM. So we went from

(38:05):
the situation where UM respirators were kind of this niche
like gear head thing to an absolute necessity, basically overnight. UM.
And then we learned a lot about what kind of
cartridges filter out COVID versus what kind of cartridges filter
out tear gas, and how to combine them with each other.

(38:26):
And then we were like making little like tear gas
canisters snack packs for people that are like these sandwich
bags contain both together and you should just plug them
right in. We reassembled them for you. Here's your gas mask.
And then I was like, well, what if we get
full face gas masks that have included eye shields. UM,

(38:46):
that should probably happen because we're in a pandemic. Portland
Action Metics and others distributed hundreds of respirators and began
using three D printers to make gas masks inserts for eyeglasses,
as glasses are notoriously incompatible with full face mask asks.
As police violence continued and violence from the far right escalated,
James says, additional gear became necessary. I think it has

(39:09):
mostly been in response to UM far right fighters coming
into Portland that we have really been UM a lot
more worried about gunshots intentionally being fired at people, potentially
in a mass way. Um. You know, like all police
come with guns and so that's always a possibility. But

(39:32):
like we have yet. We saw some brandishing of firearms
at people from the Feds over the summer, but we
have yet to my knowledge to see police fire live
rounds on protesters. Um. But the far right like constantly
runs around on the internet saying they're going to shoot

(39:52):
us every day, and so you know, depending on how
seriously take them, it's reasonable to prepare for sutras thing
and so um, especially over the summer as the rhetoric
from the far right increased in extremeness. Um. Plus the
I mean basically like someone's firing projectiles at crowd inscriminately,

(40:18):
then it makes tends to wear a helmet nfs, regardless
of who those people are. Um, and it's hard to distinguish.
It doesn't matter whether it's a cop or a fascist
that is not wearing uniform doing that. Right. Um, So
there's that, Like throughout the summer, people were like I
need ballistics, I need heavier ballistics. I need a helmet,
I need a better helmet, I need goggles, I need

(40:40):
better goggles. I need shadow proof goggles because we got
seeing people just get really badly fucked up by projectiles. Um,
So there was that. But then yes, specifically when it
comes to gunshot wounds, we did a lot of preparations,
especially thinking out to the election, frankly, because the rhetoric
about what people wanted to do was really scary and

(41:02):
it's it's always impossible basically to tell how seriously to
take these people. Other necessary gear is ear protection for
flash banks. This can be little film ear plugs or
more bulky noise canceling headphones. Air protection became very important
during the Fed War, as flash banks from the Feds
are way more powerful and damaging than the ones Portland

(41:23):
police use. Here's Donovan Smith tear gas. It was used
almost every night in the more than one days of
protests in Portland, both by local police and then rebbed
up again during the federal occupation. But what exactly was

(41:43):
this so called gas that was filling the streets of
Portland each night anyways? Well, turns out it's a wartime
chemical band. By the nine Geneva Convention following the First
World War a protocol and nixing the use of poisonous
gases during warfare was adopted, including some lethal compounds like
chlorine and hydrogen gas. And while its name sounds like

(42:06):
something that would make you feel similar to cutting up
onions at dinner, a deeper looking to its true effects
begin to open up a much clearer picture on why
it's been banned as a tool of warfare for decades.
Turns out, tear gas isn't even a gas at all.
It's sort of a chemical explosion, one where a chemical
powder gets heated up really quick and mixed with the

(42:28):
solvent and finally release as an aerosol and waila tear gas.
It's sole purpose from there is to induce pain. Dr
Anita Randolph explains its effects here. She let a research
paper on the effects of tear gas, commissioned by Don't
Shoot Portland's Publishing late June, just weeks after the uprisings began.

(42:48):
Gas is actually a solid um, that's why they're packed
in that canister um. So there's a few chemical reactions
that have to happen to convert it to a g
ass like substance. So when you're out there and you're
getting tear gas, you know, it's kind of like this
white mist or white powder everywhere. Um. And that's because

(43:10):
it has to be heated up to be able to
um be dispersed, right. And then once it's dispersed, you
have the big and then it just allows it to
spread over a larger radius. I think in the paper UM,
from our research, we showed that one canister tear gas
can reach like a four squared radius, which is like

(43:30):
a one loop around a track, which is large, right,
because once you stretch it out, that's a that's a
lot of areas that it can cover. UM. And it's
also like very potent to penetrate glass. Right. So that's
why people were dressing in layers too. Right. Even me,
I was like, oh man, when I learned that, I
was like dressing in layers, you know, people getting tear

(43:51):
gas or like shedding layers outside because it just it
just goes through and it just wants it's on your skin,
especially when you're sweating and those glands are open. It's
just very painful. UM. I can honestly say, I don't.
I don't. I'm not too motivated to get tear gas.
The pain isn't just exclusive to humans. Similar reactions are
caused in animals too, even causing death at certain levels

(44:14):
of exposure. A twenty nine team protests in Hong Kong
saw a nearby veterinary clinic forced to evacuate all its
feline patients after police began shooting the so called riot
control agents into the crowd of nearby demonstrators. Not all
the cats could be moved in time, though in one case,
an eighteen month year old cat reportedly began clawing at

(44:36):
its eyes after inhaling the gas. While there's little documentation
on how tear gas affected the critters of Portland's they
certainly wore a feature of the protests, with one standout
being a three hundred and fifty pound llama named Caesar.
His owner, a central organ man, says he bought Caesar
to the demonstrations to boost morale and would quickly depart

(44:56):
with him when munitions began sounding off. And while Caesar
went unscathed, we cannot say the same with certainty for
all our other furry friends. Another possible victim of Portland's
bouts of chemical warfare was one of the city's pride
and joys its environment. Early in the protests, concerned eyes
turned towards the LaMotte River, the de facto divider between

(45:18):
the city's east and west side. The thirteenth largest north
flowing river in the United States, the will Lammett also
shares the distinction of being a Superfund site, meaning it's
been pegged by the FEDS as one of the most
toxic sites in the entire country and not so distant
relic of the heavy industrial activity, particularly along a ten

(45:38):
mile stretch spanning from the Burnside Bridge to Sylvie's Island
and short the Willamit is no stranger to abuse, but
some began to wonder if all the cs gas and
pepper spray runoff was furthering those harms as cleanup crews
powerwashed the residue into storm drains leading to the river.
The city's Bureau of Environmental Services began vacuuming tear gas

(46:02):
residue from the drains surrounding the downtown Justice Center in
August during the FED occupation to prevent any toxic carms.
But despite a wealth of research on the effects of
tear gas, little seemed to be known on both its
short and long term effects on the environment, so the
move came as a bit of a preventative shot in
the dark according to the Bureau. At the very least,

(46:25):
the gas was an illegal discharge, as no other substances
besides rainwater are allowed down the drains. Morgan from the
Mutual Way Protests clean up group Team Raccoon so they
could feel the remnants in the air returning to ground
Zerio every morning. Um. Basically, we we got a little
bit of money from mutually donations and we were wondering

(46:52):
what because part cleans are pretty low cost, you know,
trash bags, trash grabbers doesn't cost a lot of money
to maintain. So we were wondering, like, what do we
do with this money that will really help our community.
And we were noticing the air quality in Loudsdale and
Chapman getting worse and worse and worse because of the
tear gas and the chemical munitions every night. Even just

(47:14):
walking through there during the day, you wanted to put
your respirator on. At the end of July, the move
led to a mass mobilization of respirators and on the
ground research into the gas Morgan continues. So we we're
connected to some researchers who wanted to keep a certain
level of anonymity, and we decided the best way to

(47:38):
do that was through US. We could accept filters from
the protest community and we could give them to the researchers.
The researchers could conduct their studies and the privacy that
they want, and we could use mutual aid money to
facilitate that. Meanwhile, city bureaucrats began running their own tests
on the sediments collected from the nearby reins to test

(48:01):
for the primary chemicals associated with tear gas, hexa villa, chrarium,
pe joliot, barri um, and sinide. The following month, the
Bureau released its finding, saying that while there were higher
levels of toxins at the source of the storm drains,
by the time they hit the river levels were pretty
much normal. The results only accounted for the August round

(48:24):
of chemicals found in the river. B As officials insisted, however,
that the testing was thorough as an accounted for the
build up of chemicals that have been deployed since the
George bo uprisings in late May. This didn't stop five
environmental groups from teaming up to launch a lawsuit against
the Department of Homeland Security, alleging they were out of

(48:45):
compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act by not conducting
an assessment on the impacts of their gas ahead of
using it, breaking federal law represented by the a c
l U. The groups seeked a come plete savage and
federal usage of tear gas. DHS ended up pulling out
before the ruling was made, but the question continued to loom.

(49:09):
What exactly were the long term effects of tear gas.
It's a question that's further complicated when considering the findings
of Chemical Weapons Research Conservatorium, who say during the FEDS occupation,
a mix of CS gas and toxic chemical smoke grenades
made Hexa chlor thane or HC gas. HC is a

(49:32):
toxic compound band by the US military for its severe
health effects, but was deployed repeatedly by federal agents against
the people of Portland's easily identifiable by the way the
canisters glow red, continuously spouting dents opaque smoke for a
minute or more. Juniper Seminists, who helped lead the research team,

(49:53):
explains its effects here. Um I saw a number of
people that had basically chemical burns, the chemical miss burns
UM that they had never had with other gases UM
the uh stomach set of symptoms. So if you ingest it,
which you would do through gulping um or just having
your mouth all been walking through gas. UM. That will

(50:15):
cause vomiting, UM, nausea, UM, and that whole kind of
set of symptoms. Because your body knows that zinc is bad,
it wants it out UM in your lungs. However, UM
what happens is um zinc chloride is really corrosive because

(50:36):
of the chlorine. Among the complications, a number of protesters
reported having prolonged regular menstal cycles, sometimes bleeding for weeks
after exposure to the gas. Oregon Public Broadcasting spoke with
twenty six people attended the protests and self reported changes
in their bodies. Effects reported included trans people who would

(50:57):
cease taking testosterone shot, beginning to menstruate again. Others reported
pain so uncomfortable they had to take a trip to
the hospital and one month alone. Others reported multiple cycles
for a long time, Especially right now with COVID, we
it's it's kind of hard to tweez out. If somebody
has a long term symptom that's gonna linger for a while.

(51:20):
I think due to the pandemic, it's going to confound
a lot of these things, a lot more is gonna
make it a lot more difficult to tweez out one
from the other definitively, you know. Um, But I do
think it needs to be investigated. I hope people don't
forget about it, especially what the unhoused. You know, Portland

(51:41):
has a really high number of unhoused individuals, and my
heart broke for them, like every day because you know,
we pack up and go home, but you know, we're
we're in their space essentially. So if it's getting tear
gas every single night constantly, they are actually the ones

(52:01):
that's getting exposed the most and have the highest freculacy
of exposure. Um. But for whatever reason, it's not too
many people advocating for them in this space. So I
just really wanted to throw it out there. While no
definitive links have been made yet between tear gas and
the regular cycles, the string of complaints made for yet

(52:23):
another worry as protesters hit the front lines each night,
facing off with the police force armed with the band
war chemical whose true effects may not be known for
years to come. About a week after George Floyd's murder,
don't Shoot Portlands lost a class action lawsuit against the
City of Portland's alleging indiscriminate use of tear gas and

(52:45):
excessive force at the hands of the Portland Police Bureau.
Shortly thereafter, U S District Judge Marco Hernandez ruled in
their favor, placing a two week restraining order on the
Bureau until further court ruling. However, there was a catch.
In his ten page ruling, the judge wrote the following quote.

(53:05):
In addition, tear gas, you shall be limited to situations
in which the lives are safety of the public or
the police are at risk. This includes the lives and
safety of those house at the Justice Center. Tear gas
shall not be used to disperse crowds where there's little
or no risk of injury. End quote. That little or
no risk left a lot up to interpretation for the

(53:29):
Portland Police Bureau. Governor k Brown signed a bill that
had banned tear gas following Hernandez's ruling that followed similar
directors In July, tear gas was banned only into the
police declare riot loudly. Police had already been loosening their
existing directors for when and when not to use tear
gas up until then. The only thing preventing thousands from

(53:53):
being draped in wartime chemicals. Was officers on the ground
declaring the gathering a quote unlawful as sim BLI. After that,
you'd have to hear something like this a few times,
the youth of tear gas, crowd control agents, and or
impact button. Once this request for dispersal was given over

(54:15):
the loudspeaker a few times, it was up to the
incident commander to give the green light on firing the
gas into the crowd. After the so called temporary band
things pretty much continued to follow this pattern from the
police chief to the mayor. Officials at the city continued
to argue that tear gas was a key tool and
the cops arsenal to disperse protesters, but despite the questionable

(54:37):
use of ports preaching the First Amendment, the gas often
encroached on those who weren't even on the front lines
of the demonstrations. Tear gases gripp looomed across the city,
and in the case of Demesia Smith, it followed her
family home and all of a sudden they've seen flashing
lights and looked outside and the whole p p A
building was lined with riot officers and uh, the last

(55:01):
time we had protested, I don't remember the exact day.
We were downtown, and it was the day it made
news that the police had tear gas, Like, um, there
was a group of protesters that weren't a part of
like a group of three thousand people, but the police
like tear gas everybody it was that was down there.
My son was caught in the middle of that, so
he'd like already been like on edge about police. So
he called me freaking out that the right police were

(55:23):
all front of p A building in front of my
mom's house, and he was like crying, like hysterically, like
he didn't know what was going to happen, and he
was just telling me to be careful. And there was
no protesters there. It was just all police, but like
their presence like had him freaked out and crying. So
I'm leaving work and when I come home, so I
can't park there, can't even get through to there because

(55:45):
at that time, now the protesters have made it to
the p p A building as well as the right officers.
So I'm like circling around, circling around, and I couldn't
park anywhere close enough. So I parked my car at
home and walked all the way through because I'm trying
to get to my kid. So I'm walking through and uh, everybody,

(56:07):
all of a sudden you just start seeing smoke whatnot.
But again I'm in mom mode and like, that's my house.
And again I already the police aren't. I've witnessed the
police not acting right there in protests like no, they're
trying to push me back, and I'm like, I've lived
right here. You guys can see my ID. One days in,
crowds continued to show up and cops continue to guess. Two.

(56:30):
Mr Ender lives just off the Ventura Park in East Portlands.
On the hundred night of protests, he found his neighborhood
blanketed in tear gas and I was like, oh jeez.
So then at that point, we make our way past
tear gas again and uh basically climbed our little fence
and jump over that to get inside our house and

(56:53):
make sure all the windows were closed, and then we
put towels under the the two kids rooms. I mean
we have at that point, we had a one month
old child, two month old child, and a two year
old child. And uh, it's incredibly scary to have tear
gas deployed. Um it was more than one canister of

(57:13):
tear gas that was deployed in front of our house. Um,
and you know have anywhere to go, So the police
are on all sides of my house. Um, there's loud speakers, UM,
loud noises, Uh, tear gas being deployed. I mean the
streamer from my house was a war zone. Um. The
police turned it into a war zone. And the response

(57:35):
was over the top. Um it was, in my opinion,
meant to chill speech. And UM. I mean we don't
have gas mass in our house and they don't make
a gas mask for a two month old child, and
so our options is limited. I mean it's if if
it was a private individual doing this, I could defend

(57:55):
my house. Um, but I don't have that luxury when
it's the government doing it. A member of Team Raccoon
have been cleaning up trash and spent munitions at protests
throughout the summer. After the ongoing gassing of neighborhoods, they
shifted to supplying families with respirators for their children. What
we found was that the best situation was three M

(58:18):
respirator for ages about seven and up and younger than that.
What we do is we get something called a bar
To system, which is a pressure positive hood that also
has a straw and a sippy cup, and it's made
for young children. The pressure positive hood helps so they
don't have to have anything strapped to their face. And UM,

(58:41):
the motor keeps it keeps filtered air moving through the hood,
so it never, um, it never stops moving out and
that's how they keep the tear gas away from children.
For infants, we weren't really to find something that was

(59:02):
super affordable and um easy to get, So for infants,
we basically suggest, um what people do when UM they
are trying to keep tear gas out of their homes,
roll up a towel and put it under the door. UM.
Try to get as far away from windows or any

(59:25):
exit points as possible if you need to evac, you know,
try to make sure that you get too safe air
as quickly as possible. But there aren't a lot of
answers when you're talking about infant impact and tear gas
or prevention from getting tear gas in infant's lungs. As

(59:46):
the smoke from September wildfire settled over Portland, Mayor Wheeler
issued a ban on cs gas Wheeler's police bureau pushed back.
Both the police chief and their union had publicly rallied
against him, with the Portland Police Association launch in a
full on petition railing against the ban. Then the smoke cleared.
Just days after Wheeler's ban, a familiar scene formed outside

(01:00:07):
the Immigrations and Customs Enforcement Building, with calls by protesters
to abolish ICE. A group of about a hundred gathered
outside the facility and were met not by PPB but
federal agents. Shortly after nightfall, tear gas ensued alongside pellets
and smoke bombs. Wheeler and Police Chief Level were quick
to announce that their bureau wasn't responsible for the night's chaos,

(01:00:28):
which ended with nearly a dozen arrests. Protests continued in
much this way in the days following the wildfires, direct
actions around town at night drawing out a few dozen
people who would be met with police force and arrests,
and while the police force had yet to cease the
use of tear gas had come to a halt since
the mayor's ban. In the weeks leading up to the election,
much of the city's downtown corps was boarded up. Businesses

(01:00:51):
feared of broken windows. At the local level, an unpopular
mayor and police commissioner was set up for re election,
with many constituents divided over whether or not to vote
for his self described every day Antifa opponents Sarah Jennarone
and a community led ride in campaign for Don't Shoot
Portland founder Teresa Rayford, who came in third in the primaries.
This and other key council races had many on edge

(01:01:13):
for the future of the city. On top of that,
the decidedly blue Portland, which had just seen a fatal
clash of Trump caravans and BLM protesters, waited to see
if the forty five president who just occupied the city
would occupy the seat for four more years. Wheeler eaked
out a win against his opponents, receiving less than the
combined votes of Jenneronne and the riding's, but enough to

(01:01:34):
secure his seat again to the lament of many activists.
Trump lost to Biden protests and sued. Later that November,
yet another tear gas related suit was filed, this time
by inmates of the Justice Center. While the use of
gas had come to a halt, their class action suit
turned its finger at the Multnoma County Sheriff's office, alleging
that from the first day of the protests, those caged

(01:01:55):
at the Justice Center were left to suffer as gas
from the outside seeped into their cells. More than three
hundred inmates joined in the suit, many of them had
yet to be convicted and were awaiting trial. The suit
described a number of alleged incidents of inmates coughing, wheezing,
and kneeling over in agony in the weeks of protest
they were stuck in their cells, and some repeated a
familiar refrain, one that sparked global uprisings, I can't breathe.

(01:02:20):
Tear gas continues to be a tool used by most
urban police departments across the country. The nightly chemical warfare
that police enacted on Portland streets, along with other munitions,
turned the city both into a battlefield and a testing ground.
The true mental, physical, and environmental effects of the gassing
may not be realized for years to come, but from
Portland to Hong Kong, one thing remains clear. While protest

(01:02:42):
tactics may adapt over the years, the response of governments
remains largely the same, suppress and silence dissent. Portlander's continued
to push back imperfectly, but with more skill. Some broke windows,
while others simply claimed their streets, grabbed a bullhorn for
the first time and demanded to all who could hear
that withoutice, there would be no peace. From optics to effectiveness,

(01:03:04):
some on the so called left were split on which
roads best aided in the liberation of black lives, and
while diversity of tactics got sticky at times, many will
argue that the norm most protesters rail against is more insufferable.
We quoted Malcolm X at the beginning of this episode.
One of the most popular phrases he's known for is
by any means necessary. As we reflect on the lessons

(01:03:26):
of the ongoing movement for Black lives and the months
of protests that took over Portland, will leave you with
a more full version of that quote he gave during
a speech at the founding of the Organization of Afro
American Unity in nineteen sixty four. We declare our right
on this earth to be a human being, to be
respected as a human being, to be given the rights
of a human being in this society, on this earth,

(01:03:47):
in this day, which we intend to bring into existence,
by any means necessary, last episode, you may remember us
speaking with Junior Perseminists about chemical communitions used by the
BEDS and local law enforcement during the protests. We wanted
to offer a correction about some of the statements issued
during that last episode. Junia Perseminis is in fact doctor

(01:04:11):
Junior Perseminis, with fifteen years under their bilt as a
quantitative conservation biologists, and the research we said they helped
lead with chemical Weapons Research Concentatorium on hex chlorothane gas
or HC gas, they didn't so much as help lead,
but in fact spearheaded the effort with the assistance of
some volunteers. There's in fact a wide ranging array of

(01:04:34):
research and science regarding h SA gas an tear gas
out in the world, some dating bad decades, but even
today researchers continue to unearth more understanding about what the
real impacts of these chemicals are on humans, animals in wildlife,
and the environment at large. Another thing is scientists are

(01:04:56):
sort of constant skeptics, So when we say that no
definitive links have been drawn when it comes to research,
especially in the world of science, it's almost an oxymoronic statement.
Everything can be challenged to gain better understandings of the
floating rock we live on, and everything else beyond it.

(01:05:16):
What we do know for sure is that the countless
munitions Unlicia on Portland left scores of protesters ailing. As
scientists continue to unearth new research on these chemicals, The
Uprising team would like to offer our apology for the
errors reported in that last episode. Uh where the grandpops

(01:05:37):
who couldn't fathom the Obama system? I don't hate America,
just to me? And she keeps the promises teams looking
like the sixties. It's crazy, a nationwide dejab who what
my people post to do? Go to schools named after
the clan founder. We're around town, Isa, I don't see
why we're frowning Native American students forced to learn about
when o'pella Sarah, how is that fair? Bro? Some you

(01:06:00):
most unsung in some months. That's get monuments built for him.
But it ain't be all a little bit of monthster.
We crook you. I'm Jake Calburn, host of Deep Cover.
Our new season is about a lawyer who helped the

(01:06:22):
mob run Chicago. He bribed judges and even helped a
hit man walk free, until one day when he started
talking with the FBI. And promised that he could take
the mob down. I've spent the past year trying to
figure out why he flipped and what he was really after.
Listen to deep Cover on the I Heart Radio app,
Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Colleen

(01:06:47):
with joined me the host of Eating While Broke podcast.
While I Eat a meal created by self made entrepreneurs,
influencers and celebrities over a meal they once eight when
they were broke. Today I have the lovely AJ Crimson,
the official Princess of comfin Asia kidding and as this
is the professor. We're here on Eating While Broke and
today I'm gonna break down my meal that got me

(01:07:10):
through a time when I was broken. Listen to Eating
While Broke on the I Heart Radio app, on Apple
podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. Get All the
Real Housewives to you Need on the podcast to Teas
in a pod join ex Housewives Teddy Mellencamp and tam
Or Judge as they watch recap Armchair Quarterback and breakdown
all things from the hit reality TV franchise. This team

(01:07:33):
tells it like it is. Each week we're gonna be
recapping whatever housewife is currently airing. Lucky for Tamera, we're
gonna start Oh my Gosh with Orange County. Listen to
two teas in a pod on the I Heart Radio app,
Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.