January 21, 2015 • 30 mins
Once Gaudi's work was displayed at the 1878 Paris World's Fair, his career took off. Through his connections to industrialist Eusebi Güell and architect Joan Martorell, Gaudi was given opportunities to work on impressive projects that are now his legacy.
Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com
See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Mark as Played
Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:01):
Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from works
dot Com. Hello and welcome to the podcast. I'm Colly Fry,
I'm Tracy. Welcome and welcome to part two of our
two part episode on and Tony Goudy. As we left
(00:23):
off in part one, Goudy had graduated from architecture school,
and he had started his own firm, and he had
just had a really successful showing of projects at the
Paris World's Fair in eight and now we're going to
jump right into where his career kind of starts to
really take off. From that point, Goudy was given numerous
(00:43):
opportunities to work on all kinds of projects. Immediately following
the World's Fair. He also took on an added responsibility.
He became the guardian of his niece Rosa. After his
sister died. Rosa was sent to the Haysus Maria Convent
in Tarragona. Yeah, so at that point that was pretty
much all that was left of the family. That I
had mentioned in the previous episode that even though he
(01:05):
had four siblings, uh, they all passed away quite young
and so at this and his mother had also died,
so at this point it was just him, his father
and then his niece left and in late eighteen seventy nine,
Gouty joined the Catalan Association of Scientific Excursions and this
served as sort of a social and cultural network and
it arranged tours of sites of Catalan historical significance. And
(01:27):
this group was still quite a young organization. It was
formed in eighteen seventy six as part of a movement
to revive the culture of Catalonia. I feel like we
could do a whole other podcast on Catalan nationalism and
the history of Catalonia, and we may at some point,
but there are some pretty complex elements to discuss there,
and even events that reach into very recent history, like
(01:49):
as recently as last year, there was some pretty interesting
discussion going on there. Uh So, because Gouty's sort of
life story is a very rich one, we're gonna go
a little glossy here and not talk a whole lot
about the politics um that that he was to some
degree involved in. We mentioned in the previous episode that
he was definitely still really tied to his Catalan roots
(02:12):
in his uh his hometown and sort of the working
class and that carries through. But no that you know,
I want to acknowledge that there was this political stuff
going on, Uh, but that we're not going to dig
super deep into it just for the because beyond the
scope of what's already a two part podcasts on one man.
(02:33):
So that's the scoop on that. Uh, we're kind of
glossing over a lot of stuff quickly here. In eight
the architect was asked to serve as keeper of the
group's archaeological museum, and he accepted. He was very proud
of his Catalan upbringing, and from that point he frequently
went on excursions with the association. Yeah, if you look
(02:54):
at like a timeline of his life, it's like there's
this constant and then they went here, and then they
went here. It's sort of populates, you know, throughout any
historical account on what he was doing. He was always
involved with them going forward. In eighteen eighty one and
Tony Goudy became a member of the Association of Architects
of Catalonia and he was sponsored in his entry into
(03:16):
that organization by architect Camille oliverz Iginsana. During this time
he also started collaborating with another architect, Juan Martorella, and
he was nineteen years older than Goudy, who was already
established at this point in his career. He took on
the role of mentor to the younger architect, who served
as sort of a trusted assistant, and eventually Goudy's association
(03:40):
with Martre would lead to the project that is perhaps
the most famous, and that is the Sacarada Familia or
Basilica and Exputory Church of the Holy Family. This was
an incredibly high profile project. It is a huge Roman
Catholic church that had already begun construction in eighteen eighty
two under the leadership of Francisco de Paula del Villar,
(04:03):
who we mentioned in the previous episode. He had been
one of Goudy's professors in school. After a disagreement with
the council responsible for the construction, and more specifically Martarey,
who was a council member, del vir resigned for the project.
He left it completely unhelmed, and initially the job of
taking it back over was offered to Martori, but he
(04:25):
declined and he suggested that gou do you take it instead,
and so Gaudy became the lead on the project in
November of eighteen eighty three. Although his role wasn't actually
made official for several months. I think it was March
of eighteen eighty four when he's legally and completely like
associated as leadership over the project. And he would continue
(04:46):
working on this church for the rest of his life.
And as he worked on it, it seemed his religious
devotion continued to deepen. Uh he became progressively more religious
the longer he worked on this one specific piece, so
much so that in ninety four, so at that point
he had been working on it for more than a decade,
he went on a fast for lent that was so
(05:07):
severe he nearly died. Had a trusted priest not eventually
kind of intervened and convinced him to break this fast
for his own good and the good of all of
his projects, he likely would not have survived. Another major
event in Gowdey's life also happened in the early half
of the eighteen eighties. We don't really know a lot
about any romantic involvements on Gouty's part, but he did
(05:30):
propose to a teacher at the Cooperativa Mataro Nints. Her
name was Pepeta Moreau, and this was a four. He
didn't get the answer that he had hoped for though
she was already engaged, and so she rejected Goudy. She
wound up getting married to her intended several years later,
and Goudy never got married. Yeah, most accounts say that
(05:54):
at that point he pretty much gave up on on
romance of any kind. It's really unusual in that when
you look at historical figures where there's not a lot
of story about their romantic involvement. There's often lots of like,
but really everyone thinks that they were kind of into
this person or that, or they had a secret flight.
There's like nothing, like, there's no account. They're like a
(06:17):
couple of people he may have met with, but it's
really pretty uh so low life from that point on.
And we're going to talk about his work on Segarrada
Familia but also a lot of the other projects that
he had going on simultaneously in just a minute. But first,
would you like to do a quick word from a sponsor?
(06:38):
Sure thing. So, while the Sagarada Familia was a huge
opportunity and a massive project, it was not the only
item that was on Gouty's architectural plate in the eighteen eighties.
He was also commissioned to work on several houses for
prominent people of Barcelona, and he was so busy that
he began to delegate management of some of his projects
(06:59):
to one of his former university classmates. From a teen
eight three on, Gouty stayed incredibly busy. In March of
eighteen eighty five, the first of his contributions to the
Sagrada Familia was dedicated. This was the Chapel of St. Joseph.
And one of the other really big projects that he
worked on, which was at the turn of the century,
was the Park Duel, and this was commissioned by his
(07:21):
friend Usebiguel. This particular project was an environmentally aware garden
city development and it consisted of a plan for five
dozen homes intended as luxury living spaces for upper upper
middle class dwellers, as well as the loads of green space.
It really is a park and community areas and a chapel.
(07:43):
Once the Park's model home was completed, there weren't any
interested buyers, so Gouty purchased the home himself and he
moved in with his father and his niece, which at
that point where his only remaining family. The kind of
weird irony is that this house was not even designed
by Goudy. He DESI a lot of Park guill but
his colleague Frances Benguare was the person who actually designed
(08:06):
that particular house. Including Gouty's, only three families ever lived
at Park Guel, you Sebiguel, and lawyer Marteters Dominant also
lived in homes in the park grounds for a brief time. Yeah,
there were two uh homes that were built as part
of this project, and then a previously existing house there.
(08:28):
And the previously existing houses the one where Guel moved
into and this lawyer had taken the other model home,
so that was the only people uh. And just a
few months after they moved into this new home, Gouty's
father actually died, and from then until nineteen eleven, it
seemed like Gouty just continued his work with a constant
stream of projects. Like work pretty much became his entire life.
(08:51):
Things changed in nineteen eleven when he contracted Maltese fever
also called Malta fever or more accurately, brucellosis. This is
a contagious bacterial infection that's contracted by direct skin contact
with thick cattle or sheep or goats, pigs or dogs,
or consuming contaminated milk or meat from these animals. Yeah,
(09:14):
I never found anything conclusive about how he actually contracted it.
We know that he was not a meat eater, so
I'm not sure if he uh what his his restrictions
in his vegetarianism were, if he drank milk, or if
he just had contact with an animal, or if anybody
really knows kind of how he became ill. But brucellosis
(09:36):
symptoms include fever, you could sweats, headaches, muscle and joint pain,
and if you experience a prolonged bout of it, it
causes depression and chronic fatigue. And so when Gudy became
ill in nineteen eleven, he had a persistent case and
he was convinced he was going to die. And remember
he had rheumatism from a young age, so he already
(09:57):
had sort of a base level of joint pain. So
it's in really likely that his body aches at this
point were excruciating. So even though the death rate from
brucellosis is actually quite low, I can see where someone
in that deep level of pain thinks they're coming to
the end. And at that point he made out his
will he did. However, eventually recover from this illness. In
(10:17):
the years immediately after his illness, Gaudy's life was really
plagued by tragedy. In nineteen twelve, his niece Rosa, who
at that point was his last remaining family, died. In
nineteen fourteen, one of his favorite collaborators and friends, Francesc Berengar,
who we spoke about earlier, also died. Berengar's death was
(10:38):
a huge blow. Goudy said to his widow, you have
lost your husband, but I have lost my right hand.
Also in nineteen fourteen, he found himself in a bit
of a legal battle. Uh he had the Superla and
this is a client for whom he had built one
of his other famous pieces, Kasa Vila, in order to
wrest payment from him, and the court did in favor
(11:00):
of Gouty, and once he had received the settlement, he
actually donated all the money to the Jesuit community. So
it seems as though he didn't really need it. He
just wanted things to be done, like he just wanted
the agreement to be upheld. And in nineteen sixteen, the
Archbishop of vic with whom he was very close friends, died,
and then two years later His patron and closest friend, Useppeguel,
(11:23):
also passed away begetting in nineteen fourteen. Gouty dedicated the
remainder of his days to working on the Sagrata Familia,
and as he aged and he dealt with his grief
from all of these losses, he really focused entirely on
his work on the church. Uh. He kind of dabbled
in some potential other projects, but they never came to fruition,
(11:46):
and he really was all about finishing this church. And
he also kind of stopped being that dandy that he
had been, you know, when he first started out in
his career. He seemed to lose all interest in his appearance.
And by the time he moved into a studio that
he had set up at the Sagrada fam Media so
that he could basically be there around the clock and
(12:07):
be working at all hours, he was almost indiscernible from
a vagabond, and unfortunately, his shabby appearance would prove to
be disastrous. On June seven, Goudy told one of the
construction workers, at the end of the work day, come
bright and early tomorrow, because they're going to do some
beautiful things. They went out for his usual evening walk,
(12:28):
he was struck by the city's number thirty tram while
he was at an intersection. Because of his appearance being
so unkempt, nobody recognized him as the celebrated architect of Barcelona,
and so no one stopped to help what they thought
was a homeless man. Yeah, I saw one brief blur,
but I couldn't find substantiation on it. That eventually um
(12:51):
the municipal police actually find several taxi drivers for not
having assisted a person that was clearly in distress. He
was eventually taken to a hospital. He was basically taken
to a popper's hospital, but at that point he was
still believed to be a vagabond, and he was given
subpar medical treatment, and unfortunately, by the time he was
recognized by friends who had been trying to find him,
(13:14):
it was too late for better, better medical care to
offer any real help, and so three days after his
accident he died on June tenth. Of Barcelona mourned him
on mass and after the funeral on June twelve, his
body was buried in a crypt at the unfinished Sagrada Familia.
The magnificent structure was less than half completed, despite the
(13:36):
decades of work that Gouty had poured into it. He'd
known for a really long time that he would not
live to complete the project, but he really wanted to
have as much of it as possible done in his lifetime. Yeah.
I actually read that it was like in the teens
of percentage of completion when he died, So there was
really a very long way to go. Uh. And next,
(13:57):
we're going to talk a little bit more about some
of Goudy's most important projects. But before we do, uh,
do you want to pause for a sponsor break. Let's
do that alright, So back to talking about Gowdy's work.
I honestly feel like even though we have talked and
talked and talked about Gowdy's life, we still left an
awful lot out. He did a lot of things. He
(14:19):
worked on so many projects. And I was actually bemoaning
this to a friend of mine via text as I
was writing up these notes. I was like, there's no
way we can include everything and not make this like
a ten hour thing that's just a list of things
he worked on. And she was like, well, like, what
would happen if somebody tried to do your life? And
talk about like everything you've ever sewed, And I was like, okay,
fair enough, but we have to now kind of devote
(14:41):
some time to talking about his work in greater detail.
So seven of his projects are on the UNESCO World
Heritage List. That is the most astonishing part of this
whole thing to me, Like, right, the things, even the
things that are on the UNESCO World Heritage Lists are
just so monumental and so critically important to the culture
(15:03):
of the area that they're in seven of them. So
the UNESCO World Heritage sites are Parc Guell, Pelasio Guel,
Casa Mila, Casa VI, sins Cassa Batio, the crypt in
Colonia Guel, and his work on the Nativity Facade and
the crypt of Lesta Grata Familia. So you really can't
(15:26):
notice or can't help but notice that a lot of
these contain the name of his brand and benefactor, Guill.
So yeah, we're gonna talk about a few of them.
Were not. Like I said, we can't go on for
hours and hours, so we will not go into detail
on every one of these UNESCO World Heritage Sites, but
we're gonna start a bit talking about Park Guel. And
(15:47):
it's a project on the list, we probably spoke the
most about leading in the course of his sort of
life story, and that was because you're trying to set
up kind of the lead up to mentioning his father's
death after they had moved into the park, and this
property became city property in nine after it had clearly
failed as a neighborhood development, and it is now a
public park. And if you look at any travel brochure
(16:10):
for Barcelona, Park Guel is included as a must see.
There's a really beautiful playfulness to the design in the
way that it uses the naturally occurring shapes of the
landscape to create o their structures and sort of visual shapes.
If you've ever seen that, there's a photo of this
mosaic tile salamander in Barcelona that's sort of famous. Uh.
(16:33):
That is part of Park Guel. And the house that
Gouty lived in at Park Guell, designed by his friend
and colleague Francisk Berenger, is now the Gouty House Museum,
and you can actually do a virtual online visit of
the museum, including the gardens. It is really quite well
done and we will put a link to that in
the show notes. Cassav Sends was Gouty's first independent design,
(16:56):
so it was his first time working without a collaborator.
This Residents broke ground in eighteen eighty three and it
was completed in eighteen eighty eight, although it was expanded
in the twenties by Sarah Martinez, who consulted with Gaudy.
The combination of brick work, valencia tile, and wrought iron
is really executed with just incredible precision. What could completely
(17:18):
look like a big mess is a harmonious design. There's
an incredible checkerboard detailing on the exterior that makes it
both visually engaging, engaging and instantly recognizable as a building. Yeah.
I have never seen it in person, but looking at
photos of it, it made me think about, like we
have all seen that one house in any given neighborhood
(17:38):
where the people tend to keep adding weird stuff on.
This had the potential to be that. I mean, it's
got so many seemingly disparate elements, but they all are
just so beautifully orchestrated together that it doesn't look like, well,
that's a crazy house. It's very striking and it may
not be a style that's for everyone, but it doesn't
(18:00):
look like a crazy mess. It really is clearly designed. Uh.
Casa Batio is probably one of two of Goudy's projects
that almost every single person has at least seen a
photograph of. Uh. This is a design that when people
see it that don't sort of know the background on it,
they often comment that it looks a little bit like
(18:22):
something that hr Geeger would have created. The facade has
this combination of mosaic tiling and stonework that begins to
resemble skeletal bones, and I think it's nickname, uh, there
is actually house of bones, and the interior carries that
exact same vibe. It's really spectacular. It feels both organic
and completely and carefully designed. Casa Batio represents a real
(18:47):
shift in Gauty's work. He divorced conventional design in a
lot of ways in the early nine hundreds and really
developed this equilibrated structural style. This design approach focuses on
building structures but are self supporting. They require neither internal
bracing nor external buttressing. And Kazamina also known as La padrera,
(19:09):
which is the stone quarry, is also emblematic of this style,
and that's also the one that he had the legal
battle over being paid for, and when Kazamila was first unveiled,
it was kind of skewered in the press. There was
some support for it, but there was a lot of
mockery of it. There were cartoonists that drew it with
a lot of insulting variations, as like a dirigible parking garage.
(19:31):
They drew it with cannons poking out of every window,
as like a cave that was full of animals. One
did it as an easter cake. Uh, and it was
you know, it was controversial. As I said, it was
the last private commission that Goudi ever received from anyone
other than his friend Guel. And eventually a bank purchased
Kazamila in nineteen six and restored it, and they took
(19:53):
great pains to restore it to its original design scheme
and it is now a museum that you can go visit.
The big legacy, which is the Church of Sagratta Familia,
is based on a Latin cross. As we mentioned when
discussing how Gouty came to work on this particular project,
it was originally started under the direction of architect Francesca
(20:14):
Paula dea Villar and he had a design of the
project in a Gothic revival style. When Gouty took over
in eighteen eighty three, he made really significant changes to
the plan. His progress on this amazing work of art
really happened in stages. The crypt was built over the
years of eighteen eighty four to eighteen eighty nine. The
Nativity facade was completed in nineteen o five. The four
(20:37):
bell towers were built and completed between ninety five and
nineteen thirty. The transcept elevation of the passion didn't start
until nineteen Sixtyes, so thirty six years after Gouty's death.
This church is actually still not finished. Yeah. After Gouty died,
work on Sagratta Familia sputtered. It was derailed by financial
(20:59):
issue used in the Spanish Civil War. And we mentioned
when we talked about his devotion to it kind of
towards the end of his life and how little of
it had actually been completed, that he knew it wasn't
gonna get finished while he was still alive, but he
was just trying to lay the design groundwork and make
sure that all of the plans were in place that
it could continue. But that was a problem. Uh. There
(21:20):
was some noise made about a revival effort in terms
of construction to coincide with the hundredth anniversary of Gouty's birth,
but nothing really came to fruition. That date came and went.
As it stands now, the church is expected to be
completed in marking a hundred years since Gouty's untimely death.
When the church has finished, it will have eighteen towers,
(21:42):
twelve dedicated to the apostles, for to the evangelists, one
to Jesus and another to marry. Yeah. So the exciting
thing is we will hopefully get to see it completed
in our lifetimes, uh, provided nothing bad happens. But it's
so beautiful even as it stands un finished. It's one
of those things where you'll see pictures of it and
(22:02):
it looks really amazing, but they're always cranes everywhere around it.
So uh, hopefully we'll get to see it in its
full glory because it is really really beautiful. And if
you would like to look at it, you can actually
do a virtual tour of Sagratta Familia online as well,
and that includes really detailed you can really like zoom
(22:22):
right in on it of Goudy's tomb, and we will
link again to that one in the show notes as well.
In three the Createst Museum was established and a space
was reserved for Goudy as one of the most important
artists of his hometown. Uh The year two thousand two
was deemed the Year of Gouty in Barcelona, and that
(22:43):
was to honor his hundred and fiftieth birthday. Celebration events
included sort of a surge of construction on the Sagratta
Familia as well as the Park Guel because there were
still some elements of it that were not completed, and
an educational campaign around his life and work. In two
thousands three, a campaign started to have Gouty named as
a saint by the Vatican. The Archbishop of Barcelona at
(23:06):
the time gathered an assortment of documentation to try to
make the case. The primary example offered to show the
architect's worthiness of the honor is this beautiful and inspiring
design of the Sagratta Familia. Advocates feel like his work
is beautiful enough to convert unbelievers, and testimonials given by
Catholics converted by their exposure to Gauty's architecture were given
(23:29):
in Rome in early two thousand three the Gouty Beatification Society,
which is a movement that numbered more than eighty thousand
members ten years ago. I didn't see any updated numbers
for them already believe in Gouty's divinity, and they actually
pray to him as an instrument of God, as one
would to any other saint if you are so inclined.
The members of this society feel that the magnificence of
(23:50):
the Sagratta Familia is evidence enough that divine inspiration was
at playing Gouty's work. That could not just be a
matter of a human designing something. There had to be
some divine element to it. And as the group, H
and other interested parties were still campaigning for sthood for Dowdy.
So if it is granted, it's still on the table.
(24:10):
I believe he will be the first architect to be canonized.
As far as how the man himself talked about the
inspiration for his work, he said, nothing is invented, for
it's written in nature. First, we've talked about him for
two episodes. I still feel like we kind of scratched
the surface well, and I know, it's always difficult anytime
we have a subject that has a lot of visual elements,
(24:32):
whether it's an artist or like a choreographer or whatever,
where there's a lot to look at. Yeah, Like, I
never want to just skip all the episodes that are
like that, because that's a lot of the world. But
we know it's challenging, which is why we'll be talking
about our pinterest a lot. We'll have lots of links
and show notes to where you can actually look at
(24:54):
this stuff, um and see what we look at and
why it's amazing. Yeah. It was actually looking at reviews
for a biography about him while I was doing research,
and one of the things that people kept saying was
like they don't describe enough of his work. They're just
talking about what he did and like the politics, and
I want to hear about what the buildings are like.
(25:15):
And I'm like, this is a really hard thing to balance,
Like I certainly want to meet expectations, but and part
of it too, is his work is so mind blowing.
I run out of the appropriate adjectives that can adequately
convey It's like we should, uh, we should distribute this
podcast with like a coffee table book. Yes, and it's
(25:38):
one of those things and look up anybody, Like there
were several travel journalists that I looked at their accounts
of like the first time that they saw a gouty
building in person, or they stood in a gouty building,
and they're all just like I was a dog. I
don't know what to say about it. It was mind blowing.
So so, like we said, Pinterest going to be really busy.
(25:59):
You also have some listener mail. I do, and I
almost feel bad because I'm reading another one about the
eggnog riot, but we had some really interesting ones and
ones that we're not covering the same information, so I'm
going ahead. This one is from our listener Kirsten, and
she writes, Hi, Tracy and Holly, I'm catching up on
your Christmas podcast episodes and I just finished listening to
(26:20):
your Eggnog riot episode. You both marveled at the amount
of alcohol and eggnog, and it is indeed the case
that eggnon can be very boozy. One reason is that
eggnog was often made well in advance of the Christmas
season and then was stored and aged until the holidays,
so the alcohol works to kill any potential bacterial nasties
which may develop in the eggs, and leaving it to
(26:41):
age also dramatically improves the flavor and lets the alcohol
blend better with the other ingredients. She links us to
a recipe that she used, and she says, I am
not organized or patient enough to age eggnog for three years,
but I usually try to give mine a good six
months of aging before drinking, so I make it in
June or July for Christmas. I can confirm the thenog
does indeed stay bacteria free, even if not kept in
(27:03):
the fridge, and it is a delicious way to enjoy Christmas.
She and her husband listen to the podcast on the
way to work, so I kind of love that that
that's something they share, So thank you, Kirsten. That didn't
even occur to me. But it makes perfect sense. It
doesn't make perfect sense. And what's kind of weirdly ironic,
maybe not exactly ironic, was I think after we recorded this,
but before it came out, there was an episode of
(27:24):
Judge John Hodgeman that was all kinds of holiday related
stuff and it included this whole thing about eggnog and
how John Hodgman believed store bought eggnog to be disgusting.
And he got into this whole thing about Alton Brown
having a recipe for eggnog that uses lots of alcohol,
with part of the reason being the alcohol killing the bacteria.
And I was like, I never really thought of that before.
(27:46):
Does that really work? If Alton Brown says so, then
it must be. It must be because that's his whole deal.
Like with my brother got salmonella as a child, which
he did not get from raw that that is a
place that you can get salmonella. And from that point on,
my mom was so hyper vigilant about raw eggs uh that, like,
(28:09):
I still when I am looking at the store, bought
eggnog that John Hydeman finds to be disgusting. Um, I'm
always making sure it's pasteurized. So I'm glad to know
there are alternate methods of making safe eggnog. That I
think your mom might have been terrified of my house
growing up, That's all I'm saying. Yeah, I had a
(28:31):
grandmother who was, you know, when we visited her French background,
very open to tartars and raw things, and and you know,
they both of my parents grew up on farms, so
they were very used to like get the egg from
the chicken and make a thing with it, and it
wasn't a big right, which is probably why I have
(28:53):
an almost cast iron stomach. Need to polish it with
something only slightly dangerous once in a while. Uh. If
you would like correct to us with your favorite eggnog
recipe or dangerous foods you should not have eaten as
a child, or anything else you'd like to talk about,
you can do so at history Podcast at how stuff
works dot com. We're also on Twitter at miss in
(29:14):
history at facebook dot com, slash missed in history at
miss in history dot tumbler dot com, and as we
keep mentioning on pinterest dot com slash miss in history,
where it's going to be a gouty festival for a
little while. You can also buy ms and history good
ease at mist in history dot spreadshirt dot com, and
we encourage you to do so. If you would like
to do a little bit of research related to what
(29:34):
we talked about today, you can go to our parents site,
how stuff Works. If you type in the words construction
projects in the search bar, you will get an article
called ten construction projects that broke the bank. Guess what
Sagata Familia is on that list, uh since it had
so many struggles as it went on. You can also
visit us at miss in history dot com, where we
have all of our archived episodes, we have show notes,
(29:57):
we have the occasional blog posts, and we're are they
are hanging out, so come to visit. You can do
that at Miston history dot com or visit our parents
site how stuff works dot com for more on this
and thousands of other topics. Is that host works dot
com m H
Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from works
dot Com. Hello and welcome to the podcast. I'm Colly Fry,
I'm Tracy. Welcome and welcome to part two of our
two part episode on and Tony Goudy. As we left
(00:23):
off in part one, Goudy had graduated from architecture school,
and he had started his own firm, and he had
just had a really successful showing of projects at the
Paris World's Fair in eight and now we're going to
jump right into where his career kind of starts to
really take off. From that point, Goudy was given numerous
(00:43):
opportunities to work on all kinds of projects. Immediately following
the World's Fair. He also took on an added responsibility.
He became the guardian of his niece Rosa. After his
sister died. Rosa was sent to the Haysus Maria Convent
in Tarragona. Yeah, so at that point that was pretty
much all that was left of the family. That I
had mentioned in the previous episode that even though he
(01:05):
had four siblings, uh, they all passed away quite young
and so at this and his mother had also died,
so at this point it was just him, his father
and then his niece left and in late eighteen seventy nine,
Gouty joined the Catalan Association of Scientific Excursions and this
served as sort of a social and cultural network and
it arranged tours of sites of Catalan historical significance. And
(01:27):
this group was still quite a young organization. It was
formed in eighteen seventy six as part of a movement
to revive the culture of Catalonia. I feel like we
could do a whole other podcast on Catalan nationalism and
the history of Catalonia, and we may at some point,
but there are some pretty complex elements to discuss there,
and even events that reach into very recent history, like
(01:49):
as recently as last year, there was some pretty interesting
discussion going on there. Uh So, because Gouty's sort of
life story is a very rich one, we're gonna go
a little glossy here and not talk a whole lot
about the politics um that that he was to some
degree involved in. We mentioned in the previous episode that
he was definitely still really tied to his Catalan roots
(02:12):
in his uh his hometown and sort of the working
class and that carries through. But no that you know,
I want to acknowledge that there was this political stuff
going on, Uh, but that we're not going to dig
super deep into it just for the because beyond the
scope of what's already a two part podcasts on one man.
(02:33):
So that's the scoop on that. Uh, we're kind of
glossing over a lot of stuff quickly here. In eight
the architect was asked to serve as keeper of the
group's archaeological museum, and he accepted. He was very proud
of his Catalan upbringing, and from that point he frequently
went on excursions with the association. Yeah, if you look
(02:54):
at like a timeline of his life, it's like there's
this constant and then they went here, and then they
went here. It's sort of populates, you know, throughout any
historical account on what he was doing. He was always
involved with them going forward. In eighteen eighty one and
Tony Goudy became a member of the Association of Architects
of Catalonia and he was sponsored in his entry into
(03:16):
that organization by architect Camille oliverz Iginsana. During this time
he also started collaborating with another architect, Juan Martorella, and
he was nineteen years older than Goudy, who was already
established at this point in his career. He took on
the role of mentor to the younger architect, who served
as sort of a trusted assistant, and eventually Goudy's association
(03:40):
with Martre would lead to the project that is perhaps
the most famous, and that is the Sacarada Familia or
Basilica and Exputory Church of the Holy Family. This was
an incredibly high profile project. It is a huge Roman
Catholic church that had already begun construction in eighteen eighty
two under the leadership of Francisco de Paula del Villar,
(04:03):
who we mentioned in the previous episode. He had been
one of Goudy's professors in school. After a disagreement with
the council responsible for the construction, and more specifically Martarey,
who was a council member, del vir resigned for the project.
He left it completely unhelmed, and initially the job of
taking it back over was offered to Martori, but he
(04:25):
declined and he suggested that gou do you take it instead,
and so Gaudy became the lead on the project in
November of eighteen eighty three. Although his role wasn't actually
made official for several months. I think it was March
of eighteen eighty four when he's legally and completely like
associated as leadership over the project. And he would continue
(04:46):
working on this church for the rest of his life.
And as he worked on it, it seemed his religious
devotion continued to deepen. Uh he became progressively more religious
the longer he worked on this one specific piece, so
much so that in ninety four, so at that point
he had been working on it for more than a decade,
he went on a fast for lent that was so
(05:07):
severe he nearly died. Had a trusted priest not eventually
kind of intervened and convinced him to break this fast
for his own good and the good of all of
his projects, he likely would not have survived. Another major
event in Gowdey's life also happened in the early half
of the eighteen eighties. We don't really know a lot
about any romantic involvements on Gouty's part, but he did
(05:30):
propose to a teacher at the Cooperativa Mataro Nints. Her
name was Pepeta Moreau, and this was a four. He
didn't get the answer that he had hoped for though
she was already engaged, and so she rejected Goudy. She
wound up getting married to her intended several years later,
and Goudy never got married. Yeah, most accounts say that
(05:54):
at that point he pretty much gave up on on
romance of any kind. It's really unusual in that when
you look at historical figures where there's not a lot
of story about their romantic involvement. There's often lots of like,
but really everyone thinks that they were kind of into
this person or that, or they had a secret flight.
There's like nothing, like, there's no account. They're like a
(06:17):
couple of people he may have met with, but it's
really pretty uh so low life from that point on.
And we're going to talk about his work on Segarrada
Familia but also a lot of the other projects that
he had going on simultaneously in just a minute. But first,
would you like to do a quick word from a sponsor?
(06:38):
Sure thing. So, while the Sagarada Familia was a huge
opportunity and a massive project, it was not the only
item that was on Gouty's architectural plate in the eighteen eighties.
He was also commissioned to work on several houses for
prominent people of Barcelona, and he was so busy that
he began to delegate management of some of his projects
(06:59):
to one of his former university classmates. From a teen
eight three on, Gouty stayed incredibly busy. In March of
eighteen eighty five, the first of his contributions to the
Sagrada Familia was dedicated. This was the Chapel of St. Joseph.
And one of the other really big projects that he
worked on, which was at the turn of the century,
was the Park Duel, and this was commissioned by his
(07:21):
friend Usebiguel. This particular project was an environmentally aware garden
city development and it consisted of a plan for five
dozen homes intended as luxury living spaces for upper upper
middle class dwellers, as well as the loads of green space.
It really is a park and community areas and a chapel.
(07:43):
Once the Park's model home was completed, there weren't any
interested buyers, so Gouty purchased the home himself and he
moved in with his father and his niece, which at
that point where his only remaining family. The kind of
weird irony is that this house was not even designed
by Goudy. He DESI a lot of Park guill but
his colleague Frances Benguare was the person who actually designed
(08:06):
that particular house. Including Gouty's, only three families ever lived
at Park Guel, you Sebiguel, and lawyer Marteters Dominant also
lived in homes in the park grounds for a brief time. Yeah,
there were two uh homes that were built as part
of this project, and then a previously existing house there.
(08:28):
And the previously existing houses the one where Guel moved
into and this lawyer had taken the other model home,
so that was the only people uh. And just a
few months after they moved into this new home, Gouty's
father actually died, and from then until nineteen eleven, it
seemed like Gouty just continued his work with a constant
stream of projects. Like work pretty much became his entire life.
(08:51):
Things changed in nineteen eleven when he contracted Maltese fever
also called Malta fever or more accurately, brucellosis. This is
a contagious bacterial infection that's contracted by direct skin contact
with thick cattle or sheep or goats, pigs or dogs,
or consuming contaminated milk or meat from these animals. Yeah,
(09:14):
I never found anything conclusive about how he actually contracted it.
We know that he was not a meat eater, so
I'm not sure if he uh what his his restrictions
in his vegetarianism were, if he drank milk, or if
he just had contact with an animal, or if anybody
really knows kind of how he became ill. But brucellosis
(09:36):
symptoms include fever, you could sweats, headaches, muscle and joint pain,
and if you experience a prolonged bout of it, it
causes depression and chronic fatigue. And so when Gudy became
ill in nineteen eleven, he had a persistent case and
he was convinced he was going to die. And remember
he had rheumatism from a young age, so he already
(09:57):
had sort of a base level of joint pain. So
it's in really likely that his body aches at this
point were excruciating. So even though the death rate from
brucellosis is actually quite low, I can see where someone
in that deep level of pain thinks they're coming to
the end. And at that point he made out his
will he did. However, eventually recover from this illness. In
(10:17):
the years immediately after his illness, Gaudy's life was really
plagued by tragedy. In nineteen twelve, his niece Rosa, who
at that point was his last remaining family, died. In
nineteen fourteen, one of his favorite collaborators and friends, Francesc Berengar,
who we spoke about earlier, also died. Berengar's death was
(10:38):
a huge blow. Goudy said to his widow, you have
lost your husband, but I have lost my right hand.
Also in nineteen fourteen, he found himself in a bit
of a legal battle. Uh he had the Superla and
this is a client for whom he had built one
of his other famous pieces, Kasa Vila, in order to
wrest payment from him, and the court did in favor
(11:00):
of Gouty, and once he had received the settlement, he
actually donated all the money to the Jesuit community. So
it seems as though he didn't really need it. He
just wanted things to be done, like he just wanted
the agreement to be upheld. And in nineteen sixteen, the
Archbishop of vic with whom he was very close friends, died,
and then two years later His patron and closest friend, Useppeguel,
(11:23):
also passed away begetting in nineteen fourteen. Gouty dedicated the
remainder of his days to working on the Sagrata Familia,
and as he aged and he dealt with his grief
from all of these losses, he really focused entirely on
his work on the church. Uh. He kind of dabbled
in some potential other projects, but they never came to fruition,
(11:46):
and he really was all about finishing this church. And
he also kind of stopped being that dandy that he
had been, you know, when he first started out in
his career. He seemed to lose all interest in his appearance.
And by the time he moved into a studio that
he had set up at the Sagrada fam Media so
that he could basically be there around the clock and
(12:07):
be working at all hours, he was almost indiscernible from
a vagabond, and unfortunately, his shabby appearance would prove to
be disastrous. On June seven, Goudy told one of the
construction workers, at the end of the work day, come
bright and early tomorrow, because they're going to do some
beautiful things. They went out for his usual evening walk,
(12:28):
he was struck by the city's number thirty tram while
he was at an intersection. Because of his appearance being
so unkempt, nobody recognized him as the celebrated architect of Barcelona,
and so no one stopped to help what they thought
was a homeless man. Yeah, I saw one brief blur,
but I couldn't find substantiation on it. That eventually um
(12:51):
the municipal police actually find several taxi drivers for not
having assisted a person that was clearly in distress. He
was eventually taken to a hospital. He was basically taken
to a popper's hospital, but at that point he was
still believed to be a vagabond, and he was given
subpar medical treatment, and unfortunately, by the time he was
recognized by friends who had been trying to find him,
(13:14):
it was too late for better, better medical care to
offer any real help, and so three days after his
accident he died on June tenth. Of Barcelona mourned him
on mass and after the funeral on June twelve, his
body was buried in a crypt at the unfinished Sagrada Familia.
The magnificent structure was less than half completed, despite the
(13:36):
decades of work that Gouty had poured into it. He'd
known for a really long time that he would not
live to complete the project, but he really wanted to
have as much of it as possible done in his lifetime. Yeah.
I actually read that it was like in the teens
of percentage of completion when he died, So there was
really a very long way to go. Uh. And next,
(13:57):
we're going to talk a little bit more about some
of Goudy's most important projects. But before we do, uh,
do you want to pause for a sponsor break. Let's
do that alright, So back to talking about Gowdy's work.
I honestly feel like even though we have talked and
talked and talked about Gowdy's life, we still left an
awful lot out. He did a lot of things. He
(14:19):
worked on so many projects. And I was actually bemoaning
this to a friend of mine via text as I
was writing up these notes. I was like, there's no
way we can include everything and not make this like
a ten hour thing that's just a list of things
he worked on. And she was like, well, like, what
would happen if somebody tried to do your life? And
talk about like everything you've ever sewed, And I was like, okay,
fair enough, but we have to now kind of devote
(14:41):
some time to talking about his work in greater detail.
So seven of his projects are on the UNESCO World
Heritage List. That is the most astonishing part of this
whole thing to me, Like, right, the things, even the
things that are on the UNESCO World Heritage Lists are
just so monumental and so critically important to the culture
(15:03):
of the area that they're in seven of them. So
the UNESCO World Heritage sites are Parc Guell, Pelasio Guel,
Casa Mila, Casa VI, sins Cassa Batio, the crypt in
Colonia Guel, and his work on the Nativity Facade and
the crypt of Lesta Grata Familia. So you really can't
(15:26):
notice or can't help but notice that a lot of
these contain the name of his brand and benefactor, Guill.
So yeah, we're gonna talk about a few of them.
Were not. Like I said, we can't go on for
hours and hours, so we will not go into detail
on every one of these UNESCO World Heritage Sites, but
we're gonna start a bit talking about Park Guel. And
(15:47):
it's a project on the list, we probably spoke the
most about leading in the course of his sort of
life story, and that was because you're trying to set
up kind of the lead up to mentioning his father's
death after they had moved into the park, and this
property became city property in nine after it had clearly
failed as a neighborhood development, and it is now a
public park. And if you look at any travel brochure
(16:10):
for Barcelona, Park Guel is included as a must see.
There's a really beautiful playfulness to the design in the
way that it uses the naturally occurring shapes of the
landscape to create o their structures and sort of visual shapes.
If you've ever seen that, there's a photo of this
mosaic tile salamander in Barcelona that's sort of famous. Uh.
(16:33):
That is part of Park Guel. And the house that
Gouty lived in at Park Guell, designed by his friend
and colleague Francisk Berenger, is now the Gouty House Museum,
and you can actually do a virtual online visit of
the museum, including the gardens. It is really quite well
done and we will put a link to that in
the show notes. Cassav Sends was Gouty's first independent design,
(16:56):
so it was his first time working without a collaborator.
This Residents broke ground in eighteen eighty three and it
was completed in eighteen eighty eight, although it was expanded
in the twenties by Sarah Martinez, who consulted with Gaudy.
The combination of brick work, valencia tile, and wrought iron
is really executed with just incredible precision. What could completely
(17:18):
look like a big mess is a harmonious design. There's
an incredible checkerboard detailing on the exterior that makes it
both visually engaging, engaging and instantly recognizable as a building. Yeah.
I have never seen it in person, but looking at
photos of it, it made me think about, like we
have all seen that one house in any given neighborhood
(17:38):
where the people tend to keep adding weird stuff on.
This had the potential to be that. I mean, it's
got so many seemingly disparate elements, but they all are
just so beautifully orchestrated together that it doesn't look like, well,
that's a crazy house. It's very striking and it may
not be a style that's for everyone, but it doesn't
(18:00):
look like a crazy mess. It really is clearly designed. Uh.
Casa Batio is probably one of two of Goudy's projects
that almost every single person has at least seen a
photograph of. Uh. This is a design that when people
see it that don't sort of know the background on it,
they often comment that it looks a little bit like
(18:22):
something that hr Geeger would have created. The facade has
this combination of mosaic tiling and stonework that begins to
resemble skeletal bones, and I think it's nickname, uh, there
is actually house of bones, and the interior carries that
exact same vibe. It's really spectacular. It feels both organic
and completely and carefully designed. Casa Batio represents a real
(18:47):
shift in Gauty's work. He divorced conventional design in a
lot of ways in the early nine hundreds and really
developed this equilibrated structural style. This design approach focuses on
building structures but are self supporting. They require neither internal
bracing nor external buttressing. And Kazamina also known as La padrera,
(19:09):
which is the stone quarry, is also emblematic of this style,
and that's also the one that he had the legal
battle over being paid for, and when Kazamila was first unveiled,
it was kind of skewered in the press. There was
some support for it, but there was a lot of
mockery of it. There were cartoonists that drew it with
a lot of insulting variations, as like a dirigible parking garage.
(19:31):
They drew it with cannons poking out of every window,
as like a cave that was full of animals. One
did it as an easter cake. Uh, and it was
you know, it was controversial. As I said, it was
the last private commission that Goudi ever received from anyone
other than his friend Guel. And eventually a bank purchased
Kazamila in nineteen six and restored it, and they took
(19:53):
great pains to restore it to its original design scheme
and it is now a museum that you can go visit.
The big legacy, which is the Church of Sagratta Familia,
is based on a Latin cross. As we mentioned when
discussing how Gouty came to work on this particular project,
it was originally started under the direction of architect Francesca
(20:14):
Paula dea Villar and he had a design of the
project in a Gothic revival style. When Gouty took over
in eighteen eighty three, he made really significant changes to
the plan. His progress on this amazing work of art
really happened in stages. The crypt was built over the
years of eighteen eighty four to eighteen eighty nine. The
Nativity facade was completed in nineteen o five. The four
(20:37):
bell towers were built and completed between ninety five and
nineteen thirty. The transcept elevation of the passion didn't start
until nineteen Sixtyes, so thirty six years after Gouty's death.
This church is actually still not finished. Yeah. After Gouty died,
work on Sagratta Familia sputtered. It was derailed by financial
(20:59):
issue used in the Spanish Civil War. And we mentioned
when we talked about his devotion to it kind of
towards the end of his life and how little of
it had actually been completed, that he knew it wasn't
gonna get finished while he was still alive, but he
was just trying to lay the design groundwork and make
sure that all of the plans were in place that
it could continue. But that was a problem. Uh. There
(21:20):
was some noise made about a revival effort in terms
of construction to coincide with the hundredth anniversary of Gouty's birth,
but nothing really came to fruition. That date came and went.
As it stands now, the church is expected to be
completed in marking a hundred years since Gouty's untimely death.
When the church has finished, it will have eighteen towers,
(21:42):
twelve dedicated to the apostles, for to the evangelists, one
to Jesus and another to marry. Yeah. So the exciting
thing is we will hopefully get to see it completed
in our lifetimes, uh, provided nothing bad happens. But it's
so beautiful even as it stands un finished. It's one
of those things where you'll see pictures of it and
(22:02):
it looks really amazing, but they're always cranes everywhere around it.
So uh, hopefully we'll get to see it in its
full glory because it is really really beautiful. And if
you would like to look at it, you can actually
do a virtual tour of Sagratta Familia online as well,
and that includes really detailed you can really like zoom
(22:22):
right in on it of Goudy's tomb, and we will
link again to that one in the show notes as well.
In three the Createst Museum was established and a space
was reserved for Goudy as one of the most important
artists of his hometown. Uh The year two thousand two
was deemed the Year of Gouty in Barcelona, and that
(22:43):
was to honor his hundred and fiftieth birthday. Celebration events
included sort of a surge of construction on the Sagratta
Familia as well as the Park Guel because there were
still some elements of it that were not completed, and
an educational campaign around his life and work. In two
thousands three, a campaign started to have Gouty named as
a saint by the Vatican. The Archbishop of Barcelona at
(23:06):
the time gathered an assortment of documentation to try to
make the case. The primary example offered to show the
architect's worthiness of the honor is this beautiful and inspiring
design of the Sagratta Familia. Advocates feel like his work
is beautiful enough to convert unbelievers, and testimonials given by
Catholics converted by their exposure to Gauty's architecture were given
(23:29):
in Rome in early two thousand three the Gouty Beatification Society,
which is a movement that numbered more than eighty thousand
members ten years ago. I didn't see any updated numbers
for them already believe in Gouty's divinity, and they actually
pray to him as an instrument of God, as one
would to any other saint if you are so inclined.
The members of this society feel that the magnificence of
(23:50):
the Sagratta Familia is evidence enough that divine inspiration was
at playing Gouty's work. That could not just be a
matter of a human designing something. There had to be
some divine element to it. And as the group, H
and other interested parties were still campaigning for sthood for Dowdy.
So if it is granted, it's still on the table.
(24:10):
I believe he will be the first architect to be canonized.
As far as how the man himself talked about the
inspiration for his work, he said, nothing is invented, for
it's written in nature. First, we've talked about him for
two episodes. I still feel like we kind of scratched
the surface well, and I know, it's always difficult anytime
we have a subject that has a lot of visual elements,
(24:32):
whether it's an artist or like a choreographer or whatever,
where there's a lot to look at. Yeah, Like, I
never want to just skip all the episodes that are
like that, because that's a lot of the world. But
we know it's challenging, which is why we'll be talking
about our pinterest a lot. We'll have lots of links
and show notes to where you can actually look at
(24:54):
this stuff, um and see what we look at and
why it's amazing. Yeah. It was actually looking at reviews
for a biography about him while I was doing research,
and one of the things that people kept saying was
like they don't describe enough of his work. They're just
talking about what he did and like the politics, and
I want to hear about what the buildings are like.
(25:15):
And I'm like, this is a really hard thing to balance,
Like I certainly want to meet expectations, but and part
of it too, is his work is so mind blowing.
I run out of the appropriate adjectives that can adequately
convey It's like we should, uh, we should distribute this
podcast with like a coffee table book. Yes, and it's
(25:38):
one of those things and look up anybody, Like there
were several travel journalists that I looked at their accounts
of like the first time that they saw a gouty
building in person, or they stood in a gouty building,
and they're all just like I was a dog. I
don't know what to say about it. It was mind blowing.
So so, like we said, Pinterest going to be really busy.
(25:59):
You also have some listener mail. I do, and I
almost feel bad because I'm reading another one about the
eggnog riot, but we had some really interesting ones and
ones that we're not covering the same information, so I'm
going ahead. This one is from our listener Kirsten, and
she writes, Hi, Tracy and Holly, I'm catching up on
your Christmas podcast episodes and I just finished listening to
(26:20):
your Eggnog riot episode. You both marveled at the amount
of alcohol and eggnog, and it is indeed the case
that eggnon can be very boozy. One reason is that
eggnog was often made well in advance of the Christmas
season and then was stored and aged until the holidays,
so the alcohol works to kill any potential bacterial nasties
which may develop in the eggs, and leaving it to
(26:41):
age also dramatically improves the flavor and lets the alcohol
blend better with the other ingredients. She links us to
a recipe that she used, and she says, I am
not organized or patient enough to age eggnog for three years,
but I usually try to give mine a good six
months of aging before drinking, so I make it in
June or July for Christmas. I can confirm the thenog
does indeed stay bacteria free, even if not kept in
(27:03):
the fridge, and it is a delicious way to enjoy Christmas.
She and her husband listen to the podcast on the
way to work, so I kind of love that that
that's something they share, So thank you, Kirsten. That didn't
even occur to me. But it makes perfect sense. It
doesn't make perfect sense. And what's kind of weirdly ironic,
maybe not exactly ironic, was I think after we recorded this,
but before it came out, there was an episode of
(27:24):
Judge John Hodgeman that was all kinds of holiday related
stuff and it included this whole thing about eggnog and
how John Hodgman believed store bought eggnog to be disgusting.
And he got into this whole thing about Alton Brown
having a recipe for eggnog that uses lots of alcohol,
with part of the reason being the alcohol killing the bacteria.
And I was like, I never really thought of that before.
(27:46):
Does that really work? If Alton Brown says so, then
it must be. It must be because that's his whole deal.
Like with my brother got salmonella as a child, which
he did not get from raw that that is a
place that you can get salmonella. And from that point on,
my mom was so hyper vigilant about raw eggs uh that, like,
(28:09):
I still when I am looking at the store, bought
eggnog that John Hydeman finds to be disgusting. Um, I'm
always making sure it's pasteurized. So I'm glad to know
there are alternate methods of making safe eggnog. That I
think your mom might have been terrified of my house
growing up, That's all I'm saying. Yeah, I had a
(28:31):
grandmother who was, you know, when we visited her French background,
very open to tartars and raw things, and and you know,
they both of my parents grew up on farms, so
they were very used to like get the egg from
the chicken and make a thing with it, and it
wasn't a big right, which is probably why I have
(28:53):
an almost cast iron stomach. Need to polish it with
something only slightly dangerous once in a while. Uh. If
you would like correct to us with your favorite eggnog
recipe or dangerous foods you should not have eaten as
a child, or anything else you'd like to talk about,
you can do so at history Podcast at how stuff
works dot com. We're also on Twitter at miss in
(29:14):
history at facebook dot com, slash missed in history at
miss in history dot tumbler dot com, and as we
keep mentioning on pinterest dot com slash miss in history,
where it's going to be a gouty festival for a
little while. You can also buy ms and history good
ease at mist in history dot spreadshirt dot com, and
we encourage you to do so. If you would like
to do a little bit of research related to what
(29:34):
we talked about today, you can go to our parents site,
how stuff Works. If you type in the words construction
projects in the search bar, you will get an article
called ten construction projects that broke the bank. Guess what
Sagata Familia is on that list, uh since it had
so many struggles as it went on. You can also
visit us at miss in history dot com, where we
have all of our archived episodes, we have show notes,
(29:57):
we have the occasional blog posts, and we're are they
are hanging out, so come to visit. You can do
that at Miston history dot com or visit our parents
site how stuff works dot com for more on this
and thousands of other topics. Is that host works dot
com m H
Stuff You Missed in History Class News
Hosts And Creators
Holly Frey
Tracy Wilson
Popular Podcasts
24/7 News: The Latest
The latest news in 4 minutes updated every hour, every day.
Therapy Gecko
An unlicensed lizard psychologist travels the universe talking to strangers about absolutely nothing. TO CALL THE GECKO: follow me on https://www.twitch.tv/lyleforever to get a notification for when I am taking calls. I am usually live Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays but lately a lot of other times too. I am a gecko.
The Joe Rogan Experience
The official podcast of comedian Joe Rogan.