Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:05):
Bees are challenging times, but you don't have to navigate
them alone. Welcome to how can I Help? I'm Dr
Gail Salt. I'm a clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry at
the New York Presbyterian Hospital, a psychoanalyst, and best selling author,
and I'm here every week to answer your most pressing questions,
(00:26):
hopefully with understanding, insight and advice. I received a question
from a listener who just had a baby and isn't
feeling good. The birth of a baby often triggers a
bunch of powerful emotions, from excitement and joy to fear
(00:47):
and anxiety, but it can also result in something that
many women do not expect. Depressed feelings of new moms
experience postpart the baby blues after childbirth, which commonly include
mood swings, crying spells, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping. Baby blues
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typically begin within the first two to three days after delivery,
and they can last for up to two weeks, but
they do resolve on their own after two weeks or
sometimes sooner. Women typically describe a few hours a day
of feeling worried, irritable, or nervous, especially about being a
(01:32):
good mom. They may feel sad and cry a lot
over things that typically wouldn't bother them. They might feel
moody or cranky, especially with the people who are close
to them. They might have trouble sleeping even when their
baby is sleeping, or eating, or making decisions about things.
They often describe feeling overwhelmed or feeling trapped. These are
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difficult and disconcerting feelings, especially if you feel like you're
supposed to be a bundle of NonStop joy and a
woman does need support when experiencing the baby blues, but
one out of ten new moms experience a more severe,
long lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression, and
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rarely an extreme mood disorder called postpartum psychosis can also
occur at childbirth. Postpartum depression isn't character flaw or a weakness.
Sometimes it's simply a complication of giving birth. If you
have postpartum depression, prompt treatment can help you manage your
(02:40):
symptoms and help you bond with your baby. Signs and
symptoms of depression after childbirth can vary, and they can
range from mild to severe. So on the mild end
is baby blues, which only lasts as I said a
few days to a week or two after your baby
is born, and includes mood swings, anxiety, sadness, irritability, feeling overwhelmed, prying,
(03:08):
reduced concentration, appetite problems, and trouble sleeping. Postpartum depression is
often mistaken for baby blues at first, but the signs
and symptoms are more intense, and they last longer, and
they might interfere with your ability to care for your
baby and even interfere with other important daily tasks like
(03:30):
your own grooming. Symptoms usually develop within the first few
weeks after giving birth, but they can begin earlier, so
they can begin at the same time as baby blues,
but you might be fine for the first couple of
weeks and then develop postpartum depression, and in fact, any
depression up to a year after giving birth is considered
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postpartum depression. The signs and symptoms of postpartum depression include
depressed mood or severe mood swings, excessive crime, difficulty bonding
with your baby, which is somewhat different from baby blues,
withdrawing from family and friends, again different, a loss of
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appetite or eating more than usual, an inability to sleep
or sleeping too much, overwhelming fatigue or loss of energy,
reduced interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy,
Intense irritability and anger, and the fear that you're not
a good mother, a sense of hopelessness, worthlessness, shame or guilt.
(04:40):
Guilt as a predominant feeling is often the hallmark of
postpartum depression. The diminished ability to think clearly or to
make decisions, feelings of restlessness, severe anxiety or agitation. Certainly,
thoughts of harming yourself or or baby are absolutely postpartum depression,
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and of course any thoughts of death or suicide. Untreated
postpartum depression can last for months or years. It does
not resolve on its own, so it is very important
to get treatment. Then there is the rare instance of
postpartum psychosis. This rare condition typically develops within the first
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week after delivery. The signs and symptoms are severe, and
they can include confusion and disorientation, obsessive thoughts about your baby,
hallucinations and delusions meaning seeing things or hearing things or
thinking things that are totally inconsistent with reality, sleep disturbances,
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high high energy and agitation. Paranoia, the thought that someone
is out to harm you or get you or your baby,
and of or attempts to harm yourself or your baby.
Postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency. A person who is
suffering from this needs to be taken to an emergency
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room and not be in the care of their baby
because it can be life threatening to the mom or
the baby. I also want to touch on postpartum depression
in new fathers because actually new fathers can experience postpartum
depression too. They may feel sad or fatigued, be overwhelmed,
(06:34):
to experience anxiety, or have changes in their usual eating
and sleeping patterns. These are similar symptoms to what mom
is experiencing in postpartum depression, but of course they are
not caused by hormonal shifts. But fathers who are young
or have a history of depression or experiencing relationship problems
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or struggling financially are at most risk of developing postpartum
depression them selves, sometimes called paternal postpartum depression. It can
have the same negative effect on partner relationships and child
development as postpartum depression can in moms. If you're a
new father and are experiencing symptoms of depression are anxiety
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during your partner's pregnancy or in the first year after
your child's birth, you should speak to a healthcare professional,
a mental health care professional. Similar treatments and supports provided
to mothers with postpartum depression are beneficial and treating postpartum
depression and fathers. So with that, right after the break,
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we'll get to my listeners question. Welcome back. Let's get
to my listeners question and see how can I help,
(08:00):
Dear doctor Salts, I just gave birth to my first
child a week ago, and I'm really struggling. I knew
it could be tiring and a big change, but I
did not expect to feel weepy and so up and
down in all my emotions. One minute, I'm happy and
my baby is the most precious thing in the world
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to me, and the next I'm sad and I feel
like crying and I don't even know what I'm crying about.
I'm super sensitive. If my husband says anything not perfect,
it makes me cry, which is kind of freaking him
out too. I'm sleeping okay, and I don't feel horribly
sad all the time, just really touching and easily tearful.
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I'm able to take care of my baby and get
things done. But could this be postpartum depression? I have
heard about that, but I don't know, and I certainly
feel not like myself. What should I do? What you
are describing and the timing of it happening right away
and it's only been a week does sound like the
(09:07):
baby blues. That you have times of day that you
feel okay, and that you are able to sleep when
baby is sleeping, and that you don't describe a depth
of sadness or bad feelings about yourself like guilt or shame,
that you don't have difficulty functioning again, sounds more like
baby blues. It would be helpful for you to have
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someone to talk to about how you're feeling, even if
it's baby blues. It could be your husband, or could
be a good friend, or your mom or another family member.
But make sure to have help with the baby so
that you can have time for self care, for sleep
and eating and exercise when you're ready to do so,
(09:52):
and even times to have a pleasurable break because left
to me made worse. Baby blues can evolve, or I
should say, devolve into postpartum depression, So do take care
and even though you don't have to go to a
therapist for baby blues, there is really no downside to
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doing so, and it might help you and make you
feel better sooner. But if this fades by the end
of week two, I would chalk it up to the
common baby blues now resolve. However, if this worsens, and
for example, you are having trouble caring for the baby
or sleeping, eating, or your feelings intensify, if this goes
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from part to the day to most of the day,
or the feeling states intensify, like you start feeling shame
or guilt, or inadequacy or worthlessness. And if even the
feelings you're in having now go past the two week marks,
I would then see a doctor. I would have an
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evaluation with the mental health professional who treats women's postpartum depression.
Early treatment is important and working with you to maintain
your ability to care for your infants so that you
can maintain that bond to work with you for yourself
if meds are needed, to take something that is safe
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but effective for you and your baby, depending on your circumstances.
For example, if you are breastfeeding, then you need to
see a professional who treats this type of depression and
knows what they're doing. Remember that postpartum mood changes have
a hormonal and an environmental cause and are not your fault.
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I mean nothing about you as a mom. This is
simply an illness that can happen post birth really to
any mom, and frankly happens to many a mom. It
has no bearing on the kind of one or full
mom you can, and no doubt will be, But it
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is important to get mental health attention if in fact,
postpartum depression is what's going on. I hope that was helpful.
If you're feeling depressed after your baby's birth, you may
be reluctant or even embarrassed to admit it, But if
you experience any symptoms of postpartum baby blues or postpartum depression,
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it's very reasonable to call your doctor and have an appointment.
If you have symptoms that suggest you may have postpartum psychosis,
then go to an emergency room immediately. It's important to
call your doctor as soon as possible. If the signs
and symptoms of depression have any of these features, they
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don't fade after two weeks, They're getting worse. They make
it hard for you to care for your baby, they
make it hard for you to complete everyday tasks, or
they include any thoughts of harm in yourself or your baby.
If at any point you have thoughts of harming yourself
or your baby, immediately seek help from your partner or
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loved ones in taking care of your baby and call
N one or your local emergency assistance number to get help.
Also consider these options. If you're having suicidal thoughts, seek
help from your primary care position to refer you to
a mental health provider, or call the mental health provider directly.
(13:32):
You could also call a suicide hotline. In the US,
you can call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at one
hundred two seven three talk That's one D two seven
three eight two five five, or use their web chat
on Suicide Prevention Lifeline dot org slash chat. You can
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reach out to a close friend or loved one, or
you can contact a spiritual leader or a minister or
someone else in your faith community. People with depression may
not recognize or acknowledge that they're depressed. They may not
be aware of the signs and symptoms of depression. So
if you suspect that a friend or loved one has
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postpartum depression or is developing postpartum psychosis. Help them get
medical attention immediately, don't wait and hope for them to improve.
There's no single cause of postpartum depression, but physical and
emotional issues both probably play a role. Physically, after childbirth,
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a dramatic drop in hormones estrogen and progesterone in your
body contribute to postpartum depression. Other hormones produced by your
thyroid gland may also drop sharply, which can leave you
feeling tired and sluggish and actually cause depression. Emotional issues
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can also be a source, so when you're sleep deprived
and overwhelmed, you may have trouble handling even minor things.
Could be anxious about your ability to care for your newborn.
You might feel less attractive, You might struggle with your
sense of identity, or feel that you've lost control over
your life. Any of these feelings can contribute to postpartum depression.
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Any new mom can experience postpartum depression, and as I said,
one out of ten do, but it can develop after
the birth of any child, so even if you didn't
have it with your first child, you could have it
with a subsequent one. Your risk increases if you have
a history of depression, either during pregnancy or at any
other time. If you have bipolar disorder, if you've had
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a postpartum depression, if you've had a family member who's
had depression or another mood disorder. If you've experienced stressful
events during past year, such as pregnancy complications and illness,
or a job loss, or let's face it, this has
been a stressful year for many people. If your baby
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has health problems or other special needs. If you have
twins or triplets or other multiple births, if you're having
difficulty breastfeeding or having problems in your relationship with your spouse,
if you have a weak support system, if you're having
financial problems, and particularly if this pregnancy was unplanned or unwanted.
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It's important to also know that there are complications that
can develop as a result of postpartum depression, which can
interfere with mother child bonding and cause family problems. Because
it can last for months or longer, and even become
a chronic depressive disorder, it can interfere with your ability
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to bond with your baby, and it can increase the
risk of future episodes of major depression, so it's important
again to seek treatment, and for fathers it can have
a ripple effect as well, causing emotional strain for everyone
close to the new baby. When a new mom is depressed,
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the risk of depression in the baby's father can also increase,
and new dads are already at an increased risk of
depression whether or not their partner is effected. And for
children of mothers who have untreated postpartum depression, they are
more likely to have emotional and behavioral problems themselves, such
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as sleeping and eating difficulties, excessive crying, and delays in
language development. Again another reason to get early treatment. And
of course all women who are of childbearing age and
thinking about having a baby can think about prevention. So
during pregnancy your doctor can monitor you closely for signs
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and symptoms of depression, and you can have a depression
screening when you go in and are pregnant to see
if you're having even mild depression that could devolve into
a more major depression after birth. Mild depression can be
managed with support groups or counseling of therapy of sorts
without medication in certain cases where depression is more severe,
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antidepressants might be recommended even during pregnancy. This is a
discussion and a decision that each woman has to have
with her individual treat and then after your baby is born, preventatively,
you might, if you're at high risk, be recommended to
have an early postpartum checkup or screen for signs and
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symptoms of postpartum depression, because, again, the earlier it's detected,
the earlier treatment can begin. If you have a history
of postpartum depression, your doctor might even recommend antidepressant treatment
or psychotherapy immediately after delivery in order to prevent depression
from occurrent. Do you have a problem I can help with?
(19:15):
If so, email me yet How can I help? At
Seneca women dot com, all centers remain anonymous and listen
every Friday too. How can I help with me? Doctor
Gale's Salts