Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:08):
Welcome to it could happen here the podcast that just
happened here? All right, that's my by part done, Chris.
What are we? What are we talking about today? I
have brought you all here today to discuss one of
the most sacred and variable of our political institutions, an
institution whose words echo through history and carved the political, legal,
(00:31):
and economic framework of our world. I am referring, of course,
to the bread riot. Hey, there we go, a little
good bread riot. I do too. This is this is
a good a non zero part of why I wrote
this episode. How How is this? How is this relatable?
The grain supplies seems really stable? Right now? It's everyone,
no one. No one has thrown a ball top through
(00:53):
a bank window in two hundred years. I was. I
was reliably informed by several mark His historians that that
bread riots were over. I'm gonna I'm gonna google Ukrainian
wheat harvest as I do every exactly five years. The
moment just now came up where where I check it
every five years. Let me just uh, is there a problem? Well,
(01:21):
let me go eat my fifth wonder bread slice of
the day and not think about it. Good stuff, all right?
So Yeah, let's talk bread riots. Yeah, we're talking bead riots.
So bread riots are an ancient institution. Um, you can,
I mean, you can find them like very easily as
far back as the Roman Republic of Roman Republican policy
(01:42):
bread like Okay, if you wanted to like go further
back then that, I have no doubt you could like
spend probably ten minutes and find bread rioting in like
Sumeria or something. I didn't do this. And the reason
I didn't do this, even though I'm talking about the
history of the bread riot, is that the sort of
the structure of the bread riot is shaped inexorably by
the sort of political and economic conditions around it, and
(02:04):
the political economic conditions of ancient Rome are somewhat similar
to us, but not really. So instead of doing that,
we're starting in the late seventeen hundreds, where there are
a lot of bread riots, but particularly there's a lot
of very well documented bread riots in the UK and France.
And I guess but before we actually like talk about
these specific riots, we should you should talk about what
(02:26):
a bread right actually is because okay, so I mean,
on a very superficial level, of bread riot is when
people don't have bread and they riot. But the actual
response to that and what the riots look like are
interesting and sort of complicated. Um. I'm going to quote
now from the book Free Markets and Food Riots. This
is just talking about specifically the sevente hundreds riots. But yeah,
(02:49):
food riots took several forms. A proplicator and trade that
prevented the export of grain from an area in which
shortages existed. Be the price riot or taxation popularity in
which food was seized by protesters, a just price set
and the lot sold see agrarian demonstrations in which farmers
destroyed their own produces, a dramatic protest, and deed, the
(03:10):
market right, in which the crowd took me retribute of
action against commercial agents, bakers and millers, local magistrates in
the form of looting or tumultuous assembly to force dealers
and local authorities to reduce prices. So, okay, there's a
lot of different things going on here. We're going to
get back to the farmers protest stuff like a lot
later because the specific kind of like rural like versions
(03:31):
of this kind of fading into the background for a
couple of centuries. Um, what's happening to the urban centers
that was really interesting in a lot of ways, and
it gets at the core of of what's going on
in these sort of like late santeen hundreds riots. Um. Notably,
the crowds who are doing the rioting are just like
they're not just like seizing the bread and eating it,
which is the thing that like you would assume they
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would be doing if they were you know, it's a
bunch of people who are starving and there's bread and
they take it, right, But that's that's actually not what
they're doing. What they're doing is essentially negotiating over price.
You see this in the sort of price riot thing, right.
You know, the thing that they actually do is they
seize a bunch of grain and then they sell it
off at what they sort of like and what they
deem a fair price is. And you know what what
(04:12):
this is the something to do basically is it's it's
a it's a very very direct way of trying to
get bakers to lower their prices. And the other thing
that's about these riots is that they are they're they're
very politically sophisticated, and they're they're very targeted. Um, there's
the thing you hear a lot and if if you
ever read anything about any modern riot, you will hear
(04:34):
just people ranting about how people are destroying blindly destroying
their own neighborhoods, and it's it's just like not true.
Riots tend to have sort of riots tend to have
a sort of political specific political focus and attacking specific targets,
which is why, like, you know, the first things that
go up in a riot are pawnshops, liquor stores, police stations,
and now stores that think they're employed badly. They literally
(04:57):
have specific targets. Yeah, yeah, like it it's you know,
it's it's it's very like all all of all of
the stuff that's happening is stuff that has like it's
the result of political grievances that people have sort of
been accumulating for a long time. And this is also
true of these sort of of these early bread riots.
To going back to the book free markets and food rights,
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protesters did not rampage indiscriminately, but focus their wrath in
particular individuals and institutions whom the crowd held responsible for
unjust practices. Typically, it was not the producers or retailers
of food, but the middlemen who were seen as responsible
for shortages and price raises. The grain dealers, wholesalers, speculators,
and mills. Grain shipments by wagons, ship and canal bars
(05:39):
were seized and distributed among participants are sold at a
just price. Warehouses were rated with similar results. Textile workers
in seventeen seventy reams quote sees the talents markets proceeded
to sell all the grain in the market at three
quarters of the current price. They then turned their attention
to the warehouse into the grain arraies of numerous religious houses,
which they treated in a similar fashion. Yeah, and so
(06:01):
you know, like this this this is like this is
a pretty remarkable degree of political sophistication right there. They're
not targeting sort of farmers or bakers, and especially not
targeting people who are like well known like in the community.
They're targeting people who they can directly tie it to
too grand price speculation. And this is you know, in
someone says like this, this is a demonstration of the
kind of like basic contradiction of the market. Right on
the one hand, you have bread as this like physical
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thing that you need to survive. On the other hand,
you have bread as this market commodity, and the market
you know, as a market commodity. It's a sort of
speculative asset which people are like buying and selling and
hoarding like stocks, because not because they actually need to
eat it, but because they're interested in this sort of
market value. And the Marxists will call this the difference
between the use value or like the value you get
from eating a piece of bread and the exchange value,
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which is like the bread is a commodity that could
be traded for the commodities, and you know, and like
this is this is in some times, like this is
behind a lot of like the housing crisis right now.
You have a bunch of people who buy houses and
apartment buildings that you know, not because they need to
live in them, but as an asset that will appreciate
over time, you know, like appreciating value over time like
stocks do. But this means that people who like need
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houses to like live in them, like, don't get a
house because they're being held by people who are trying
to get their value to appreciate. And the goal of
these riots is basically to prevent bread from becoming an
exchange value, that is to sort of like market commodity
user speculation and turn their back into use values. But
even again here this is interesting, right because it's not
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like these people are like like like anti market, anti capitalists, right,
they tend not to sort of just seize the bread
out right. What they're doing is they they're insisting on
buying it at a specific quote unquote just price. And
this this sort of gets into the question of, like,
why are these riots happening in the first place. Um.
The obvious explanation like, Okay, the people are rioting because
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the price of bread is increasing. But that's that's not
actually like an explanation, right, It's just it's a precondition.
But there's a lot of places where bread price is rising,
you'd never get a riot. So a lot of people
have studied this and try to figure out what is happening.
The second explanation that historians come up with something called
the moral economy, um and and and in this model,
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people aren't just reacting to like a price increase, but
what they're actually reacting to is what becomes known as
the entitlement gap, which is this gap between people what
people think they're entitled to based on the morality and
how hard they work, like what they actually get. And
so you know, in less academic language, it's people going
like I'm getting price gouged. This is bullshit. Bring the
prices down to what they're supposed to be. And you
(08:31):
know that's part of it. That there's there's another theory
that argues that food riots are driven by these like
really complicated are like webs of horizontal social relations and
like things like networks of wives and like political organizations
and sort of like alliance is to happen inside of
villages stuff like that and that, you know, and then
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these groups sort of like react to price increases by
banding together and voicing people are lower prices. Um. Now, notably,
I want of the like the things I listened in
those that like web of things right as wives, net works,
as the sort of like first community weddily as the
food riots. Um and this is this is turns out
to be important. Women are often like the leaders an
initiator of bread riots, and the sort of theory behind
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it is that they're actually the ones like buying the
bread and so they're sort of they're more in tune
with disturbances of food prices, etcetera. And you know, the
food price increases are a threat to what academics called
social reproduction or an essence like taking care of yourself,
your family, and your household, like making sure you can
sort of support and raise your children. So there's well,
so the good version of it is it's you're taking
(09:36):
care of the people around you. The cynical version of
it is it's social. It's real, it's social reproduction because
you're creating another generation to workers for capital, all right,
but because women end up doing like enormously disapportionate amount
of that work. Uh, they you know, they wind up
in the streets first because they are the people who
are most acutely sort of like sensitive to this stuff happening. Um, yeah,
(10:00):
what's what's you know? The and and the other thing
is sort of worth noting here is that riots are
these kind of bread riots are usually urban affairs, and
they're sort of they're the product of people who live
in cities, right, it's sort of artisans or industrial workers.
There's this like fighting corps of teenagers who seemed to
show up in all of these bread riots, and thankfully
(10:20):
that that that never happens today. We do not have
a bunch of teenagers show up any time to fight
the cops and something bad happens. No experience with this, Yeah,
it's certainly never seen anything like that happened these other countries.
Have the FEDS put piles of bricks out on the street, Well,
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you know this is we have. We haven't. They haven't
gotten to that level of entrapman yet. They're they're not
powerful enough that this. This is before the development of
the police state. Yeah, they didn't have an FBI to
burn down the Third Precinct. Yeah, they haven't devented the
Agent profoctur yet. Cunning false flag. So what's interest thing
(11:10):
about the century riots? Those? I've been talking a lot
about how these are lived and women, and that's true,
but specifically the ad ones tend to be more gender
balanced and later riots. And I'm going to read this
from the historian Lynn Taylor because it's it's one of
the funniest things I've ever read in my life, and
I love it. Cynthia Bolton's study of the French Flower
War of seven of seventeen seventy five makes clear the
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mixed nature of traditional food riots. Indeed, the number of
men involved had increased significantly in the Flower Wars due
to the changing male economic social including familio and political
status dury. In the Ancian regime, there's was a life
of precarious and declining social economic position. This equilibrium and
the family structure political alienation, one that left them in
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position similar to those of mothers, wives, sisters, and daughters.
The men who rioted had in crucial ways been feminized.
Oh boy, before they're writing, because they mean, this is
a thing that literally happened in uh in Myanmar during
the uprising, that there are kind of local, local cultural
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sort of attitudes there that make it that have made
it for a long time, like essentially considered like shameful
to touch women's clothing um or particularly like there's certain
things that like you don't wear and that you're not
supposed to look at if you see someone dressed that way,
um that are like traditional women's clothing. And so a
(12:35):
bunch of male protesters would dress that way and form
up and like ranks at the protests because it made
the police like uncomfortable and sometimes like back off. That's
extremely cool. Yeah, there's like some literal examples of that
very recent riots. Yeah, And I think that gets at
one of the things that's sort of happening is happening
in this period too, which is that like one of
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the kinds of things that generates these bread riots is
this kind of is this instability and gender roles and
is this sort of instability in in what the role
of a person in society is going to be and
that I don't know, it has a lot of interesting effects.
And when those effects are riots, the stuff that stuff
that happens is really cool because you get a lot
of sort of like gender roles getting messed up, you
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get a lot of like social ties being broken. I guess.
So the other thing that's going on in this period,
um that is is important because because it's sort of
like foreshadows a lot of what the sort of later
bread riots are going to be about. Is that and
this is this is like the fourth theory of bread riots.
If you sort of like go through your economic historians
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of this stuff. Um they're talking about basically the late
Senti hunters are are one of the sort of key
moments in like the formation of the modern state. And
what this means in terms of food is that control
the food supply is mood from these sort of like
parentalistic like utile state thing where on a local level,
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you have guaranteed prices and access to food, and this
has shifted to laws for capitalism, which there is there
there are there are no price controls. There there's no
guarantee you can get food. And subsequent to this, also
at the same time is the centralization of the military bureaucracy.
And center relation to the military bureaucracy means that they're
taking more control of the food supply. Um here here
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from free markets as food riots, again, older parent realistic
models operating at the local level and assuring a preentiful
supply of necessaries at a low price, we're undermined by
new national policies aimed at greater efficiency and market regulation.
Spanning a century and more. The policies included such varied
activities as enclosure, land concentration, capital, intensification of farming, proletarianization,
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great exports, taxes, tariffs, at other government efforts to regulate
the food supply. Price riots were simply one expression of
popular grievances stemming from this broader change, and this is
something this is something that that's very common. Bread riots
are are like deeply and intimately linked in the with
the ways that food food productive, food production process is changing,
and specifically linked to the link to the ways the
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food production process is changing because of the state and markets.
But we're sort of leading into the late seventeen hundreds
and at this point something happened that no one expected.
A bread riot went completely the other direction to irrevocably
changed the state in the market itself. Um. And I
am talking about histories maybe most famous bread riot. That's right,
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it's the French Revolution, Baby, Liberty, egalitate, fraternity, han, han
and this is this is this is what you mean
to tell me that the French had a revolution. I
mean it's kind of it's kind of marginal. Admittedly the
same that doesn't sound like the French that I know.
That's true. The modern French have replaced revolution with racism, unfortunately.
(15:52):
But you know, look, look we're we're we're we're in
the seventeen hundreds. Things are different. Um. Yeah, and so
we're we're we're in. In a second, we're going to
talk about the red riot that changed the history of
bread rights in the course of world history forever. But first,
do you know who doesn't love bred riots? Yeah? Who
(16:13):
is the primary sponsor of this show? She realized the
whole cake thing didn't work out great. So now she's saying,
let him a podcasts, let them cast pods. We're back
(16:34):
and our primary sponsor has been executed by a mob.
So if you are a member of European nobility to be,
you're a Habsburg you know, um hit us up and
uh offer us a sponsorship. Yeah, well, okay, we we
We're going to rewind a little bit before they kill
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Mary Antoinette to get to how that happened. So one
of the things if you read the sort of literature
on bread rights, one of the things bread right people
will talk about over and over again is bread rights
being a political and they kind of like stretch this
to a point, well because I mean okay, so like
there's a couple of levels which doesn't make any sense, right, Like, okay,
(17:15):
if you think that bread is being sold at too
high a price because people are are gouging you, that
is political, right, and then you go out and make
them not do that. Yeah, that's politics. People love to
say things aren't political when they don't align with like
a simple political party, like if it if it doesn't
line up directly with the kind of approved debate topics
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between the political parties that dominate things. They like to
say ship is a political but you know, starving because
of the tax decisions or whatnot is is an inherently
political thing. Yeah, and and and and deciding that you're
not going to starve and taking bread from people, it's
an incredibly political thing. Yeah, that's the politics. Yeah, you
have done a politicy, I've done You've done a lot
(18:00):
of politics, and you know, but but one of one
of the things that that and the other thing this
leads to is if if if a thing that involves
bread suddenly like turns into capital p politics, and suddenly
you have people doing things that are like well understood
as like commercial political gestures, immediately everyone stops calling it
a bread right. And if but like, if you look
(18:22):
at what's actually happening, it's here's a bunch of people
who are mad about the price of bread. Uh, they
went to change the price of bread. It kind of
didn't work, and so instead they overthrew the government. And
this is this is this is this is uh, this
is the bread right that that we're getting to now
up until you know, up until nine, like you can
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argue that like people historians will argue that oh there's bread. Right,
it's a political that just ends in I think it's
October five. But by this point the Fresh Revolution is like,
well underway. Um, they've stolen the bistell Old. There's a
bunch of people in a parliament writing a constitution. But
like in October of it's still unclear, like how radical
(19:10):
any of this is going to be? Right, Um, at
this point it still seems likely that there's going to
be a king. And not only is there gonna be
a king, the king is starily gonna be pretty strong.
And then yeah, in October, maybe history's most famous bread
right breaks out. So seven thousand women who are like
incredibly piste off at the high price of bread in
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Paris march on Versailles, which is where the Royal family
of France had been like governing France from for like
a hundred years. And these women are really really angry
and they they they basically forced the royal family to
come back within to Paris. And I guess it's it's
important to note here that Paris and Versi like twelve
miles apart, so this isn't like a multi day journey.
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They just like get mad one day and they wake up,
and they walked to the next city over. And this
radically changes the entire direction of the French Revolution because once,
if the royal family is in Versailles, right like, the
Parisian mob doesn't have direct access to them. But once that,
once they're in Paris, and once once once this bread
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riot like brings the king to Paris, Suddenly the entire, like,
the entire concentrated political power of the French system is
now centered in Paris and is now in a place
where subsequent bread riots can actually do stuff. And this
directly leads to the King's being executed, This leads to
our sponsors getting guillotined, and it basically it's it's it
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completely cements bread as sort of like the central part
of one of the central aspects of what the French
Revolution is about. Like by by by the end of
the revolution, that the that the slogan of the sort
of revolution stary French working class is bred in the
Constitution of seventeen nine three. So you know, you can
you can, you can you can look at the priorities
there and look at like all of this is sort
(20:56):
of and it sort of extended rolling bread riot um. Unfortunately,
for us uh and spoilers to everyone who has not
caught up. On the end of the French Revolution, the
revolution loses, Napoleon takes power, and this is where we
we enter the era of what's known as the bourgeois revolution.
(21:18):
This is this is the modern era. And if you
if you've read your like your like Arab cop swom,
you're like, you're you're sort of very conventional like march historians,
you're conventional sort of liberal historians. They will all tell
you that the bread riots ort of dies in nearly
eighteen hundreds, and that's replaced by like strikes and political
protests organized by unions and parties, because like the rural
class has been like displaced at the center of history
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by the industrial working class. And that's just like not true. Um,
And it's not true in two senses. One, it's in
the sense that like, we have bread rights now, but
it's also not true because there's another wave of bread
riots that are that are very very conventional and very
much sort of in the class exemption Hunter's mold. Here
is here's Lynn Taylor again. It is true that the
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proactive form of protests became common even predominant by the
early twentieth century. However, scattered tode the periodical literature are
accounts of twentieth century food riots, which looks surprisingly like
those of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, something not
expected in modern industrialized nation states. Food riots occurred in
northern France in nineteen eleven, in Britain during the winter
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of nineteen sixteen, nineteen seventeen in New York and nineteen
seventeen in Toronto and both twenty three, in Barcelona in
nineteen eighteen, in Vichy, France in nineteen two, and in
northern France throughout the German occupation. The form of protest
was remarkably consistent in each and reminiscent of traditional food
riots of earlier centuries. And these are these are these
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are very conventional sort of eighteenth century bread riots that
led by women. They refuse that they're lived by women
who are refusing to pay higher prices for food. And
in some sense they kind of are a political in
that there are various attempts in basically all of these
protests by like organized political organistations to take them over,
and basically every single time the women who were involved
(23:07):
are like, no, absolutely not uh there's there. There's a
very funny one where I think this is the the
I think this is the British one in seventeen were
like a bunch of men show up and the women
are like, no, go home, you can't riot with us.
This is this is our riot now. Yeah. Then the
British case in particular was also interesting because this is
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the middle of World War One, and so you know,
this is a sort of giant presence looming over these
these these bread riots, and you know the government sort
of like that. The government in response to this, or
responsors to widespread hunger, like decreased these price controls on food,
but farmers are just refusing to obey them, and so
women in Mayport organized and the result was quote when
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one farmer said he did not care what the government
said about price controls, there was bedlamb The women rushed
the farmer's cart and the street was quote filled with hooting,
yelling women and young people while potatoes, cabbages and turn
ups for flying through the air. The example of Mayport
soon spread to other parts of the country. These riots
are led by housewives who had filled the front lines
and did much of the fighting, although the miners of
(24:10):
Cumberland were also active in supporting their wives efforts, both
as added bodies strengthening the crowds, but also through the
minors Association of the working class institutions. So A, I
don't know. I had to include this specifically because the
image of a bunch of people throwing cabbages at farmers
is extremely funny to me. M. But the other thing
(24:32):
I think is interesting here is you can start to
see the shifts from the sort of eighteenth century like
riots to these ones on on a social level, where
you know, in eighteen hundreds you're dealing with sort of
like town and sort of peasant cultural groupings sho as
approaching the protest, but by the Nine Dreds bread riots
are being backed by like organized political institutions. Um, there's
(24:52):
another one in New York in nteen seventeen, which is
remarkable for being it's self organized by Like it's remarkable
because it's it's self organized by women, even though this
is like the part of New York they're in is
a Socialist Party stronghold. But the Socialist party is that
there are the people who do it. It's the women
who are like married. In a lot of cases, to
the Social Party or in to some excenter in it,
(25:14):
but are sort of operating autonomously. And they do this
thing where they sort of like they start setting and
forcing these boycotts of like shops that are deemed to
be at like press gouging levels, and they fight the
cops and they do a bunch of stuff. Um and
the ones I mentioned in Toronto earlier interesting because those
ones actually do like have an organization in the beginning,
(25:35):
but in keeping with sort of the tradition of of
of the bread right, the organization was the Jewish Women's
the Jewish Women's Labor League. And these are these are
remarkably effective political movements. They win their demands really quickly.
I'm going to read one more account because it just rules. Uh.
Lester Golden and Temma Kaplan have both examined food riots
in Barcelona in en, part of a wave of riots
(25:57):
which occurred between June seventeen and Mark nineteen nineteen throughout Spain.
As in previous cases, these riots aroupted because of devastating
price inflation, a thing we know nothing about now this time,
resulting from the post war collapse of the economy. The
participants were all women. They forbade men's participation, and the
actions were led first by radical Republicans and then by
(26:18):
a small group of female and arco syndicalists. The women's
demands were simple and straightforward. They demanded lower prices for foods.
They attacked bread shops and coal wag as it took
over a ship laden with fish. When police and civil
guard attempted to break out the women crowds of women
on the street, the women turned on them, stripping some
of the officers of their pants, banking or thrashing them
and sending them home. Yes, yes, that's that's not It's
(26:47):
so good, perfect, perfect, This is the energy we need
in every century that human beings have ever inhabitants. Amazing
that the historians are parent parenthetical notes after is quote,
rather undermining the authority in the process, which yes, I
would imagine. So, yes, if you are, if you are
(27:07):
being spanked by a crowd, you have lost control of
that crowd. That that that is that is fair to say.
And so they it takes about three weeks and they
win and prices drop thirty So good for them. That's
a pretty solid look. Hey, I think I think most
(27:28):
of the people listening would do some hardcore spanking if
they could get a cut on their grocery bill. Yeah,
it's it's a look. I'm just saying, it is much
harder to pull down a modern cops trousers because they're
wearing like so much weird ship on top of it.
But belt technology has improved tremendously since then. Yeah, however, Comma,
where there is a will, there's a way. Yep. If
(27:52):
I learned one thing from high school, if that anyone
can be pantsed just you just you just have to.
You just have to. You just have to want it
hard enough to want it more than the person wants
to be wearing their pants. That's right, that's right, you
have to believe. So there's one more of these bread
riots that's worth talking about, which also is not conventionally
framed as a bread right, but is entirely keeping with
(28:13):
everything I've said here, the February Revolution in Russia. Um So,
the February Revolution is the revolution that actually overthrows the Tsar.
There's another revolution, which is the Octo Revolution, which is
one of the bullshrace gone to power. But that's a
that's that's a separate one. They're fighting a completely group
of people. The February Revolution has all of the sort
of key factors of a bread right right, There's these
(28:35):
massive bread lines. Women are piste off by lack of food.
The revolution itself is led by women whose like male
comrades had literally told them, don't, like, don't go out
and do a protest on that day because this International
Women's Day. But the like all all of the men
who are like doing this are are convinced that, like
the conditions aren't right for revolution, so they try to
get everyone to stay home, and everyone's like no. And
(28:58):
you know, like the sort of key differ prints between
the like this bread riot and the other bread routs
we're talking about is that, you know, the the demands
of the of the march in International Women's Day, United
seventeen are overtly political, like they they are chanting down
with the czar and they're trying to overthrow the government.
(29:18):
And this, you know, this is another thing that has
this sort of like incredible impact on on how the
bolshot revolution is is sort of working. Right, Like Lenin
winds up using peace bread in Land as one of
the sort of like central like Bolshevik slogans because part
of it, because a huge part about the revolution is
is just a bread riot, and that that that's where
(29:38):
where we're that's that's where we're gonna leave it today
with the world just completely and utterly transformed by another
bread riot. And next episode we're going to get to
the modern bread riots because those are also interesting. And yeah,
we're gonna once again prove everyone who insists that bread
riots don't happen anymore wrong, A thing that I didn't
(29:58):
know existed until I started reading this and now incredibly
mad about. Yeah, So go out there and have a
bread riot, pants a cop or some other kind of riot,
you know, uh, a GUACAMOLEI riot um, a mate riot
um you could have. You could have some kind of
(30:20):
corn riot um. You could have a riot over order
law on. That would be a unique kind of riot.
Don't think anyone's ever rioted over that. That bird that
that's such a beautiful songbird. That eating it as a sin,
so you have to like hide your shame underneath a
sheet so God doesn't see you eat it. Have a
riot over one of those, you know, yeah, I do
(30:40):
that it could happen. Here is a production of cool
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It could happen here, Updated monthly at cool Zone me
(31:00):
to dot com slash sources. Thanks for listening.