Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:10):
This is Leigh Habib and this is our American Stories,
the show where America is the star and the American people.
And you can go to iHeartRadio's app or wherever you
get your podcast, So listen to the show speaking of
a slightly American people. There are two British prime ministers
with interesting connections to our country. Baris Johnson was born
(00:33):
in New York City. So too was Winston Churchill's mother,
who was born more accurately, more precisely in Brooklyn. Here
to tell the story of Churchill is English historian Andrew Roberts,
the author of Churchill Walking with Destiny. Take it away, Andrew.
(00:55):
On the tenth of May nineteen forty, Winston Churchill became
prime Stow at about six o'clock in the evening. But
on the morning of that day at dawn, Adolf Hitler
invaded in the west, attacking Belgium and Luxembourg and Holland
shortly afterwards also to invade France, and Churchill said of
that day, I felt as if I were walking with destiny,
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and that all my past life had been a preparation
for this hour and for this trial. One of the
things that gave him this tremendous sense of destiny was
the very many brushes with death that he had had
in his life. He had nearly died of pneumonia at
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the age of ten. He had nearly died in a
drowning accident on Lake Geneva, and nearly died also in
a house fire. He'd been involved in two car crashes
and two plane crashes. He was very nearly run over
by a taxi in New York as well, and of
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course these were all in peacetime and in wartime. Of course,
he had endless brushes with death as well. He once
said that there's nothing more exhilarating in life than to
be shot at without result, and he was shot at
without result from his twenty first birthday in Cuba all
the way through to when he was an ex cabinet
minister in the First World War in the trenches, Churchill
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was involved in the last Great cavalry charge. He took
part in this cavalry charge at the Battle of Omderman
in September eighteen ninety eight. He killed four dervishes on
that day. It was a tremendously vicious and bloody melee,
and he very nearly was killed himself, and Churchill was
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captured in eighteen ninety nine and put in a prisoner
of war camp, and he, in a great sensational prisoners gap,
managed to climb over the wall and a cross three
hundred miles of enemy territory and get back to British
control territory. And on one occasion during the First World War,
he went outside his trench, his dug out of his
(03:10):
trench and a German whisbang high explosive shell came and
hit the dugout and decapitated everyone inside. So he saw
war close up. He knew the horrors of it, he
knew the pain of it, he knew the sheer terror
of it, and so when he sent men into battle
himself later on, he knew exactly what he was doing.
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Winston Churchill grew up at the very apex of Victorian society.
He was the grandson of the Duke. He was born
in a palace, so not just any old palace. Blenim
Palace is the grandest of all the British palaces. In fact,
when King George the Third went around it he said,
we have nothing like this, meaning the royal family had
no palaces anything like so grand as blenim and it's true.
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Yet it doesn't necessarily mean that his childhood, for all
the entitlement of that and the privilege, was a happy one,
because his relationship with his parents was always extremely difficult.
Churchill's father, Lord Randolph Churchill, who was a very successful
Victorian politician he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, was somebody
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who never saw the incipient greatness in Winston Churchill, never
really thought very much of him at all and actually
treated him very often with contempt. Despite being despised by
his father, Churchill did not allow that to affect him,
and he continued to love his father even after his
father's death. In eighteen ninety five, when Churchill was twenty
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years old and he wrote his father's to volume biography,
he sought out his father's friends to hear anecdotes about
his father. He adopted his father's political views, the Tory democracy,
and his father's way of actually holding himself. He very
much loved his father and saw his whole life if
there's an attempt to impress the shade of his long
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dead father, Winston. Churchill's mother, Jenny Jerome, was born in Brooklyn,
but she was very Unamerican really in regard to her motherhood,
owing to the fact that she never took much notice
of her children, either Winston or Winston's younger brother Jack.
She was going to parties constantly. She was a great
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society beauty, but she was not somebody who spent very
much time with her children, to the point that in
the year eighteen eighty four, when Winston was ten years old,
she only spent six hours with him in the first
six and a half months of that year. Just as
with his father, his mother's taking no notice of him
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didn't allow Churchill to hold it against them. He worshiped
his mother. He continued all his life to help her
and to bail her out financially, and to love her.
And he said when she died, she shone for me
like the evening star. Brilliant but at a distance. I
always think is a terrible thing to have to say
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about one's mother. But Churchill was very unlike the other
Victorian aristocrats of his age and class and background in
that he was willing to show emotion. They didn't like
to do that. They had stiff upper lips. He, on
the other hand, would actually cry on some fifty occasions
in public during the Second World War, and so I
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think he was more of a sort of throwback to
an earlier aristocratic era, the regency era, when people didn't
mind wearing their hearts on their sleeves. And this was
a strength really because although people were surprised when they
saw him cry in public, nonetheless they knew that it
meant that he was feeling genuine emotions and not just
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bottling it all up. And you're listening to Andrew Robert
to tell the story of Winston Churchill and his mother.
My goodness, what a story about his mother. Let's just say,
not a very present mother. And yet he held it
not against her at all. He's shown from me like
the evening star, brilliant but distant. When we come back,
(07:10):
more of this remarkable figure, not afraid to wear his
heart in his sleeve and lead with emotion. Here on
our American story. Folks, if you love the stories we
(07:33):
tell about this great country, and especially the stories of
America's rich past, know that all of our stories about
American history, from war to innovation, culture and faith, are
brought to us by the great folks at Hillsdale College,
a place where students study all the things that are
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in life. And if you can't cut to Hillsdale, Hillsdale
will come to you with their free and terrific online courses.
(07:56):
Go to Hillsdale dot edu to learn more. And we
continue with our American stories and with British historian Andrew Roberts,
author of Churchill Walking with Destiny. And you can get
(08:16):
the book by just going to your bookstore calling them up.
They'll order it for you. And we love to support
our local bookstores and if not the bookstores wherever you
get your books. Let's pick up now where we last
left off with Andrew Roberts talking about Winston Churchill. Churchill
was not only the first person, but actually, for a
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long time in the nineteen thirty is the only person
to warn against Adolf Hitler in the Nazis. And I
think that the thing that he had that helped him
enormously in this foresight was partly that he was a
philoc might. He liked Jews. He'd always got on with
Jews all his life. His father had liked Jews, he
gone on holiday with them. He was a Zionist. He
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welcomed the Declaration of nineteen seventeen giving a homeland to
the Jews in Palestine, and so he had an early
warning system when it came to Hitler and the Nazis.
The second thing was that he was an historian, and
he had seen in the threats to British independence from
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countries that wanted to invade Britain from the sixteenth century onwards,
the same kind of tropes that you see with the
Nazis and the dangers that they posed. Thirdly, he had
faced fanatics in his own life, Islamic fundamentalist fanatics on
the Northwest frontier and in Soudan, and fanatics elsewhere in
his career, and so he was better placed than a
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lot of the nineteen thirties prime ministers who had never
seen any fanaticism in their lives before at all. As
well as having tremendous physical courage, Winter Saint Churchill had
a very strong and profound moral courage, because even though
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in the nineteen thirties he was ridiculed in the press,
he was shouted down in Parliament, he was attacked by
even people on his own side in Parliament, he was
lambusted by people who thought he was a warmonger, and
so on. He never changed the warning of the threat
posed by Adolph Hickler and the Nazis. He carried on
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saying the same thing regardless of what anybody said about
in And I think that that's one of the greatest
aspects of his career in many ways, was this extraordinary
capacity for self belief. He never for a moment took
any notice of opinion polls. He never hired a speechwriter,
he never hired a spin doctor. He wrote all of
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his own speeches, even when he was Prime Minister in
his eighties. And he wasn't somebody he was a natural
public speaker. He put a lot of effort into it.
He would practice again and again. Sometimes he would actually
practice speeches for as many hours as there were minutes
in the speech. And this finally produced a sublime oratory,
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an oratory that was able to thrill the Allied countries
and certainly the British people, and drive them on to
ever more effective action. And that very much does come
down to this sense of rhetoric which he had worked
on since he was a twenty year old boy. Really
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and finally it came to its flourishing. Of course, in
the Second World War, and Churchill was once asked about
the techniques, the sort of secrets of the trade as
it were, and he said, really, there were three things.
The first was that you need to keep your sentences short.
Don't have too many subclauses in the sentence, otherwise people
lose the track of them. Then he said, keep your
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words short. Don't show off how clever you are by
using long words. Instead, use the short his words he
possibly can in a sentence. And also, if possible, use
old English. Try to use language that is perfectly understandable
by the English people for the previous millennium words you
know that come from the Anglo saxon. And when you
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have all of those three things together in a sentence,
they're much stronger and they make the point much more
vividly than long winded sentences with lots of foreign words
and long words. And the British people trusted Winston Churchill,
and that was tremendously important. Of course, it is always
important with any politician. But they knew that because he
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didn't have spin doctors and speech writers and other people
who were influencing him from the outside, that what you
heard from Winston Churchill came straight from him. You know
what you saw was what you've got. That put him
in a tremendously strong position when he became Prime Minister,
because they knew that he had been warning for a
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decade throughout the nineteen thirties about Adolf Hitler and Nazism
and the rearming of Germany and so on, and therefore
they trusted him. He showed personal and physical courage all
the way through his life, and so it was only
to be expected that he certainly did in the Second
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World War as well. He would go to the front
whenever he possibly could, had to be held back by
soldiers and staff on many occasions from getting too close
to the front. He would go up onto the Air
Ministry roof during the London Blitz, so as the shrapnel
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and the bombs were flying, he would be up there.
His wife and his advisers hated it when he would
do this, but he felt it was absolutely necessary to
be as close to the action as possible, as he
had been all the way through his life. It was
also tremendously brave that Winston Churchill spent so much time traveling.
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He was, in many ways the person who kept the
Big Three together of Roosevelt and Stalin, and he did
that by traveling one hundred and ten thousand miles outside
the United Kingdom during the Second World War, very often
within the radius of the lufaffer A crossed the Atlantic,
which of course was filled with the U boats. He
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went in unpressurized cabins. On one occasion it was his
plane was struck by lightning in the middle of the Atlantic,
and if the instrumentation had gone down, that would have
been the end of him. But it was a classic
example really of his tremendous courage all the way through
the Second World War. Some historians have claimed that Winston
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church was opposed to D Day. This is absolute rubbish really,
Since June nineteen forty so, the same month that we
were flung off the continent, he was already ordering the
chiefs of staff to look into plans for getting us
back onto the continent. What he didn't want, though, was
an early, over hasty and even more dangerous attack across
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the Channel, before the Battle of the Atlantic was one,
and before there was complete air superiority over Normandy. Winston
Churchill lost the general election of the twenty sixth of
July nineteen forty five, even though the war against Japan
was still going on and the war against Germany had
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only been one in that May. And this has surprised
an awful lot of people because he was personally very
popular in Britain. But we have a parliamentary system whereby
he's only standing for one constituency, which of course he won,
but where the Conservatives were standing in all of the constituencies,
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and they were very unpopular, not least because they had
been the government in power at the time of the
outbreak of the Second World War. They have been responsible
for a peace months. They were the largest party in
the national government in the nineteen thirties. And so it
wasn't Winston Churchill who was personally being punished by the
British electorate. It was the Conservative Party that he led.
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But nonetheless that did mean that he was forced out
of office. His wife Clementine said to him on that
day that it might be a blessing in disguise, and
Churchill replied, from where I'm sitting, it seems quite remarkably
well disguised. Instant. Churchill very much considered himself to be
half American because of his mother, but he also very
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much considered his views to be American, belief in democracy,
his belief in human rights. These are things that he
recognized were very powerful Transatlantic concepts, and once to which
he dedicated his life. He visited America no fewer than
sixteen times and had visited well over forty states by
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the time he became Prime Minister, and so he new
America far better than other politicians. And a great job
on the production by Monty Montgomery and his special thanks
to Andrew Roberts. And again his book is Churchill Walking
with Destiny and my goodness to have traveled one hundred
and ten thousand miles during combat. The physical and moral
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courage of this man remarkable. But what really struck me
most is that he had no polster and he wrote
his own speeches. The story of a remarkable life. Whiston
Churchill's story here on our American Stories