March 20, 2024 • 17 mins
On this episode of Our American Stories, in our 19th episode of "The Story of America" series, Bill McClay, author of Land of Hope, tells the story of a forgotten war that almost destroyed us—and how the fallout helped propel the nation forward into the Industrial Revolution.
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Speaker 1 (00:10):
This is Lee Habib and this is our American Stories,
the show where America is the star and the American people.
Up next another installment of our series about Us, the
Story of America series with Professor Bill McLay, author of
the terrific book Land of Hope. He's also a professor
at Hillsdale College. And by the way, you can go
(00:30):
to our website and find all of the stories of
the Story of Us. We cover and will cover the
entire history of the United States with the best in
the business. Right now. Again, that's Professor Bill McLay. You
can go to Ouramericanstories dot com to find the Story
of Us series. America was changing by the time Thomas
(00:53):
Jefferson left office in eighteen twelve. It was becoming a
more modern nation. For many of the problems that had
plagued Jefferson refused to go away. Let's get into the story.
Take it away, Bill.
Speaker 2 (01:07):
Jefferson's two terms as president ended in eighteen oh nine.
Speaker 3 (01:14):
But America's problems with the British did not end. As
James Madison took.
Speaker 2 (01:19):
Office, he found himself no match for the forces gathering
on all sides to overwhelm him. He couldn't marshal a
policy resolution with forces outside the country.
Speaker 3 (01:36):
But he was also struggling with growing divisions inside the country.
Speaker 2 (01:42):
So it may have been an era of good feelings,
as historians sometimes say, but it was mixed feelings at best.
Frontier settlers were ambitious and restless. They wanted to expand,
they wanted to move westward into new territory. And when
(02:04):
they did so, when that push came, increasing resistance and
resentment came from the Indian tribes occupying those areas, and
this prompted to come to the Great Shawnee leader to
attempt a unification of his own, a unification of all
the tribes east of the Mississippi into one large Indian
(02:27):
confederation of power, one unified army of tribes. Much of
the Indian hostility was blamed by Americans on the British.
At the very same time, a gaggle of Republican congressmen
who were known as the Warhawks, were held bent on
invading Canada. Poor James Madison, he was in the middle
(02:48):
of all this irreconcilable and fervent mess. By eighteen twelve,
war was declared, despite the fact that British had decided
ounce to the Americans to end its efforts dis ward
American shipping and commerce. Luckily for America, the British were
still preoccupied with the French and with Napoleon. His ambitions
(03:11):
in Europe, or the War of eighteen twelve as it
became known, would have had a much different and much
worse outcome for America.
Speaker 3 (03:27):
And things changed.
Speaker 2 (03:28):
After Napoleon was finally defeated in eighteen fourteen, the British
compiled a series of wins against the new Nation.
Speaker 3 (03:37):
One of which included the sacking and burning of Washington.
Speaker 2 (03:41):
DC, a humiliating, catastrophic loss.
Speaker 3 (03:47):
It must be noted also that A.
Speaker 2 (03:48):
Madison faced real pressure from the Federalists in the Northern.
Speaker 3 (03:53):
States, who had a different name for the War of
eighteen twelve.
Speaker 2 (03:57):
They called it mister Madison's War, and they were so disgruntled,
these opponents of the war, that they contemplated a.
Speaker 3 (04:06):
Gathering of the New England States to secede from.
Speaker 2 (04:08):
The Union, nearly fifty years before the Southern States did
just that. The nation continued to be frail, divided, with
a future in peril. There was only one unforeseen glimmer
of light. That was the American victory in New Orleans.
(04:31):
The British plan was simple, take New Orleans and cut
the West off from the rest of America. The General
Andrew Jackson assembled a rag tank army filled with the
combination of militiamen, free Blacks, French Creoles, and others. The
British viewed it as obviously inferior to theirs. That would
(04:51):
prove to be an error on their part.
Speaker 3 (04:54):
Jackson's army and Jackson himself were more than equal to
the task.
Speaker 2 (04:58):
They won a resounding through superior firepower both the legendary
hunters of Kentucky. It would become the central people in
a campaign song of Jackson, so he ran for president.
So it was a great victory. The ironic thing is
that this important victory had no direct military political consequence.
(05:21):
The war was over, the treaty again had been signed.
Across the ocean, peace had been restored. It's just that
the people in New Orleans.
Speaker 3 (05:31):
Didn't know about it.
Speaker 2 (05:32):
Transatlantic communication being what it was, there was no trans
atlantic telegraph or cable been laid. Nothing like that existed,
so there was a lengthy delay of information going back
and forth. So really the victory in New Orleans made
no difference in the terms of by which the War
(05:53):
of eighteen twelve was set, but it made a huge
difference in the outlook of the American people.
Speaker 3 (05:59):
They saw as a great victory.
Speaker 2 (06:01):
They saw Jackson as arguably the first great national military hero.
Speaker 3 (06:08):
The first, perhaps is Washington himself.
Speaker 1 (06:15):
Man, you've been listening to Professor Bill McLay tell the
story of James Madison's presidency, and he's caught. As you're
finding out here, almost every president stepped into a mess
with competing interests, conflicting interests that seemed irreconcilable. Does that
sound familiar? And what we learn in the end is
that war breaks out once again with the British, and
(06:37):
it's Andrew Jackson, the first national military hero to arise
in our ranks since George Washington comes to the rescue.
A huge victory for America, but it didn't make that
big a difference in Madison's presidency.
Speaker 4 (06:50):
When we come back more of the remarkable story of
the story of America. Here on our American story. This
(07:14):
is Lee Hibibe, and this is.
Speaker 1 (07:16):
Our American stories, and all of our history stories are
brought to us by our generous sponsors, including Hillsdale College,
where students go to learn all the things that are
beautiful in life and all the things that matter in life.
If you can't get to Hillsdale, Hillsdale will come to
you with their free and terrific online courses. Go to
(07:36):
Hillsdale dot edu. That's Hillsdale dot edu. And we returned
(08:10):
to our American Stories and the Story of America series
with Professor Bill McLay, author of the terrific book Land
of Hope and also the author of the Young Reader's
Edition version by both of them at Amazon or wherever
you get your books. When we last left off, the
War of eighteen twelve had rocked America, and although our
nation's capital would be burned to the ground, we still
(08:31):
had a rapidly changing nation. Let's return to the story.
Here again is Bill McLay, with.
Speaker 3 (08:38):
The War of eighteen twelve behind America.
Speaker 2 (08:40):
The new nation was for the first time free of
any entanglements with the European nations, and.
Speaker 3 (08:46):
It could finally focus on its own ambitions, its own issues,
its own.
Speaker 2 (08:50):
Internal troubles, without being distracted by foreign foes or meddlers
or disturbances.
Speaker 3 (09:00):
So the moment had come that had been awaited since
America's birth, and the nation was now nearly fifty.
Speaker 2 (09:07):
Years old, but it was finally able to control its
own destiny. This would reach fruition of sorts in a
US policy, a doctrine that would come to be known
as the Monroe Doctrine, associated with the presidency of James Monroe.
Speaker 3 (09:30):
It was a simple doctor.
Speaker 2 (09:31):
And went like this, going forward into the future, that
America would consider any effort by Europe to colonize any
part of the Western Hemisphere an attack on the United States,
an affront to the.
Speaker 3 (09:45):
United States off limits.
Speaker 2 (09:48):
Now along with that came a complementary promise to Europe.
Speaker 3 (09:53):
Is short, we would keep our.
Speaker 2 (09:55):
Nose out of Europe's business, and Europe would keep its
nose out about There's an underlying message in the Monroe doctrine,
its consequential as it was profound. The new nation was
declaring to the world, and particularly to Europe, that we
were there east.
Speaker 3 (10:13):
It was a bit bold.
Speaker 2 (10:16):
After all, America had no legal standing to assert these claims.
Speaker 3 (10:20):
And no real military power to back them up. We
didn't have a navy to speak of. Thus, the principles
embodied in the Munroe Doctrine were shaky. But they prevailed.
They prevailed in the longer they prevailed, the stronger they became.
Speaker 2 (10:38):
They eventually became the bedrock of our nation's foreign policy
well into the twentieth century, which is a remarkable thing
in and of itself.
Speaker 3 (10:48):
Now, the most important and urgent.
Speaker 2 (10:50):
Underlying claim of the Monroe doctrine was this idea that
the nation could now pursue its own destiny, its own identity, unfettered,
undus stirred.
Speaker 3 (11:00):
By outside influences.
Speaker 2 (11:02):
This was a great encouragement to national self consciousness. It
gave you a great deepening to the growing sense of
national pride, of nationalism, national identity, and an American identity
and economy. And it had become clear that it was
(11:22):
going to be a national economy. And given that, given
the national economy of a geographically rather large nation, what
would be the best way to foster growth? A representative
Henry Clay had some great ideas about it, and though
a member of Jefferson's Republican Party at that time, his
(11:42):
ideas had much more in common with Jefferson's rival Alexander Hamilton.
Among them tariffs to protect the American industry and what
we would today call a big infrastructure project that would
include the building of roads, canals, railroads all over and
eye between, improving commerce among.
Speaker 3 (12:06):
And between the states and the world. There was support for.
Speaker 2 (12:19):
These federal improvement projects in the West, which stood to
benefit from them, but the older Eastern states were less pleased.
Man Is In himself vetoed a bill for the establishment
of a large transportation fund, citing its unconstitutionality. Only one road,
the Old National Road, resulted from the efforts to improve
(12:43):
American infrastructure at this time. That's the road now known
today as old the US Route forty.
Speaker 3 (12:51):
This left the states and the voters in those states, along.
Speaker 2 (12:54):
With private business, to get done the work of business
and commerce. Those infrastructure projects too, and there was an
explosion of waterway construction projects. One such project worth discussing
in detail the construction of the three hundred and sixty
(13:16):
three mile long Erie Canal, a work of engineering genius.
Until then, the longest canal ever built was twenty seven
miles long. Just to give some context to the scope
of the project and the ambition behind it was a
politician with real vision, Governor de Witt Clinton of New York.
Speaker 3 (13:38):
He convinced the New York State legislature to commit seven
million dollars, and that was a lot of money in
those days, a lot of money to.
Speaker 2 (13:46):
Construct what many of the time thought was a very
expensive ditch. And the eight year project was properlarly known
at the time as Clinton's folly.
Speaker 3 (13:57):
But Clinton had a vision.
Speaker 2 (13:59):
He predicted that the building of the canal would turn
New York City into and I quote, the.
Speaker 3 (14:05):
Granary of the world, the emporium.
Speaker 2 (14:08):
Of commerce, the seat of manufacturers, and the focus of
great money operations. The whole of Manhattan covered with habitations
and replenished with dense population will constitute one's vast city
close quote.
Speaker 3 (14:26):
Well, that's pretty prophetic.
Speaker 2 (14:28):
The eury Canal started construction in eighteen seventeen, and by
eighteen twenty five it connected the American interior with its coasts,
which would lead to remarkable growth all over America and
the destination for most of the canal's traffic. New York
City would soon become America's greatest center.
Speaker 3 (14:49):
Of commerce, just as Governor Clinton had predicted. But it
was not just canals being built.
Speaker 2 (14:57):
The first railways were being built in the eighteen twenties,
and they would compete with the canals as shipping lanes
had platforms all their own, and they would turn Western
towns like Chicago into commerce powerhouses.
Speaker 3 (15:10):
Along with canals and realized or other significant developments.
Speaker 2 (15:19):
There was Samuel Slater, whose factory innovations and systems changed
textile made effect Eli Whitney's cotton gin, which made short
staple cotton into a commercially viable product and would make
cotton king in the South. John Fitch and Robert Fulton's
(15:40):
in innovations and steam technology and other inventions like that
would usher in an era of economic growth unrivaled in
American history. There were also big innovations in law and finance,
the biggest of them being state laws that created corporations
legal entities that allowed for the pooling by multiple individuals
(16:06):
of the vast sums of capital required to build factories
and commercial enterprises of a growing nation.
Speaker 3 (16:16):
All of this was transforming American life.
Speaker 2 (16:19):
Changes in law, technology, transportation, and commerce, Jefferson's ideal of
a nation of small, independent farmers and the independence and
self reliance that such a way.
Speaker 3 (16:31):
Of life would engender. Eh this was changing.
Speaker 2 (16:35):
America was becoming a nation of growing economic interconnectedness. The
combination of these things made the nation unique and exceptional
and would help to create a national spirit, national ethos.
But there were still important unresolved problems. One of them
(16:58):
a huge unresolved this suit and you.
Speaker 3 (17:03):
Know what it is, slavery.
Speaker 1 (17:10):
And a terrific job on the production, editing and storytelling
by our own Monte Montgomery. And a special thanks to
Professor Bill McLay who teaches at Hillsdale College. What a
story Bill McClay was telling about the development of the
American identity, American commerce. It's still that one lingering sin
sitting there waiting to be addressed, and that's slavery. The
(17:31):
story of us with Bill McLay here on our American
Stories
This is Lee Habib and this is our American Stories,
the show where America is the star and the American people.
Up next another installment of our series about Us, the
Story of America series with Professor Bill McLay, author of
the terrific book Land of Hope. He's also a professor
at Hillsdale College. And by the way, you can go
(00:30):
to our website and find all of the stories of
the Story of Us. We cover and will cover the
entire history of the United States with the best in
the business. Right now. Again, that's Professor Bill McLay. You
can go to Ouramericanstories dot com to find the Story
of Us series. America was changing by the time Thomas
(00:53):
Jefferson left office in eighteen twelve. It was becoming a
more modern nation. For many of the problems that had
plagued Jefferson refused to go away. Let's get into the story.
Take it away, Bill.
Speaker 2 (01:07):
Jefferson's two terms as president ended in eighteen oh nine.
Speaker 3 (01:14):
But America's problems with the British did not end. As
James Madison took.
Speaker 2 (01:19):
Office, he found himself no match for the forces gathering
on all sides to overwhelm him. He couldn't marshal a
policy resolution with forces outside the country.
Speaker 3 (01:36):
But he was also struggling with growing divisions inside the country.
Speaker 2 (01:42):
So it may have been an era of good feelings,
as historians sometimes say, but it was mixed feelings at best.
Frontier settlers were ambitious and restless. They wanted to expand,
they wanted to move westward into new territory. And when
(02:04):
they did so, when that push came, increasing resistance and
resentment came from the Indian tribes occupying those areas, and
this prompted to come to the Great Shawnee leader to
attempt a unification of his own, a unification of all
the tribes east of the Mississippi into one large Indian
(02:27):
confederation of power, one unified army of tribes. Much of
the Indian hostility was blamed by Americans on the British.
At the very same time, a gaggle of Republican congressmen
who were known as the Warhawks, were held bent on
invading Canada. Poor James Madison, he was in the middle
(02:48):
of all this irreconcilable and fervent mess. By eighteen twelve,
war was declared, despite the fact that British had decided
ounce to the Americans to end its efforts dis ward
American shipping and commerce. Luckily for America, the British were
still preoccupied with the French and with Napoleon. His ambitions
(03:11):
in Europe, or the War of eighteen twelve as it
became known, would have had a much different and much
worse outcome for America.
Speaker 3 (03:27):
And things changed.
Speaker 2 (03:28):
After Napoleon was finally defeated in eighteen fourteen, the British
compiled a series of wins against the new Nation.
Speaker 3 (03:37):
One of which included the sacking and burning of Washington.
Speaker 2 (03:41):
DC, a humiliating, catastrophic loss.
Speaker 3 (03:47):
It must be noted also that A.
Speaker 2 (03:48):
Madison faced real pressure from the Federalists in the Northern.
Speaker 3 (03:53):
States, who had a different name for the War of
eighteen twelve.
Speaker 2 (03:57):
They called it mister Madison's War, and they were so disgruntled,
these opponents of the war, that they contemplated a.
Speaker 3 (04:06):
Gathering of the New England States to secede from.
Speaker 2 (04:08):
The Union, nearly fifty years before the Southern States did
just that. The nation continued to be frail, divided, with
a future in peril. There was only one unforeseen glimmer
of light. That was the American victory in New Orleans.
(04:31):
The British plan was simple, take New Orleans and cut
the West off from the rest of America. The General
Andrew Jackson assembled a rag tank army filled with the
combination of militiamen, free Blacks, French Creoles, and others. The
British viewed it as obviously inferior to theirs. That would
(04:51):
prove to be an error on their part.
Speaker 3 (04:54):
Jackson's army and Jackson himself were more than equal to
the task.
Speaker 2 (04:58):
They won a resounding through superior firepower both the legendary
hunters of Kentucky. It would become the central people in
a campaign song of Jackson, so he ran for president.
So it was a great victory. The ironic thing is
that this important victory had no direct military political consequence.
(05:21):
The war was over, the treaty again had been signed.
Across the ocean, peace had been restored. It's just that
the people in New Orleans.
Speaker 3 (05:31):
Didn't know about it.
Speaker 2 (05:32):
Transatlantic communication being what it was, there was no trans
atlantic telegraph or cable been laid. Nothing like that existed,
so there was a lengthy delay of information going back
and forth. So really the victory in New Orleans made
no difference in the terms of by which the War
(05:53):
of eighteen twelve was set, but it made a huge
difference in the outlook of the American people.
Speaker 3 (05:59):
They saw as a great victory.
Speaker 2 (06:01):
They saw Jackson as arguably the first great national military hero.
Speaker 3 (06:08):
The first, perhaps is Washington himself.
Speaker 1 (06:15):
Man, you've been listening to Professor Bill McLay tell the
story of James Madison's presidency, and he's caught. As you're
finding out here, almost every president stepped into a mess
with competing interests, conflicting interests that seemed irreconcilable. Does that
sound familiar? And what we learn in the end is
that war breaks out once again with the British, and
(06:37):
it's Andrew Jackson, the first national military hero to arise
in our ranks since George Washington comes to the rescue.
A huge victory for America, but it didn't make that
big a difference in Madison's presidency.
Speaker 4 (06:50):
When we come back more of the remarkable story of
the story of America. Here on our American story. This
(07:14):
is Lee Hibibe, and this is.
Speaker 1 (07:16):
Our American stories, and all of our history stories are
brought to us by our generous sponsors, including Hillsdale College,
where students go to learn all the things that are
beautiful in life and all the things that matter in life.
If you can't get to Hillsdale, Hillsdale will come to
you with their free and terrific online courses. Go to
(07:36):
Hillsdale dot edu. That's Hillsdale dot edu. And we returned
(08:10):
to our American Stories and the Story of America series
with Professor Bill McLay, author of the terrific book Land
of Hope and also the author of the Young Reader's
Edition version by both of them at Amazon or wherever
you get your books. When we last left off, the
War of eighteen twelve had rocked America, and although our
nation's capital would be burned to the ground, we still
(08:31):
had a rapidly changing nation. Let's return to the story.
Here again is Bill McLay, with.
Speaker 3 (08:38):
The War of eighteen twelve behind America.
Speaker 2 (08:40):
The new nation was for the first time free of
any entanglements with the European nations, and.
Speaker 3 (08:46):
It could finally focus on its own ambitions, its own issues,
its own.
Speaker 2 (08:50):
Internal troubles, without being distracted by foreign foes or meddlers
or disturbances.
Speaker 3 (09:00):
So the moment had come that had been awaited since
America's birth, and the nation was now nearly fifty.
Speaker 2 (09:07):
Years old, but it was finally able to control its
own destiny. This would reach fruition of sorts in a
US policy, a doctrine that would come to be known
as the Monroe Doctrine, associated with the presidency of James Monroe.
Speaker 3 (09:30):
It was a simple doctor.
Speaker 2 (09:31):
And went like this, going forward into the future, that
America would consider any effort by Europe to colonize any
part of the Western Hemisphere an attack on the United States,
an affront to the.
Speaker 3 (09:45):
United States off limits.
Speaker 2 (09:48):
Now along with that came a complementary promise to Europe.
Speaker 3 (09:53):
Is short, we would keep our.
Speaker 2 (09:55):
Nose out of Europe's business, and Europe would keep its
nose out about There's an underlying message in the Monroe doctrine,
its consequential as it was profound. The new nation was
declaring to the world, and particularly to Europe, that we
were there east.
Speaker 3 (10:13):
It was a bit bold.
Speaker 2 (10:16):
After all, America had no legal standing to assert these claims.
Speaker 3 (10:20):
And no real military power to back them up. We
didn't have a navy to speak of. Thus, the principles
embodied in the Munroe Doctrine were shaky. But they prevailed.
They prevailed in the longer they prevailed, the stronger they became.
Speaker 2 (10:38):
They eventually became the bedrock of our nation's foreign policy
well into the twentieth century, which is a remarkable thing
in and of itself.
Speaker 3 (10:48):
Now, the most important and urgent.
Speaker 2 (10:50):
Underlying claim of the Monroe doctrine was this idea that
the nation could now pursue its own destiny, its own identity, unfettered,
undus stirred.
Speaker 3 (11:00):
By outside influences.
Speaker 2 (11:02):
This was a great encouragement to national self consciousness. It
gave you a great deepening to the growing sense of
national pride, of nationalism, national identity, and an American identity
and economy. And it had become clear that it was
(11:22):
going to be a national economy. And given that, given
the national economy of a geographically rather large nation, what
would be the best way to foster growth? A representative
Henry Clay had some great ideas about it, and though
a member of Jefferson's Republican Party at that time, his
(11:42):
ideas had much more in common with Jefferson's rival Alexander Hamilton.
Among them tariffs to protect the American industry and what
we would today call a big infrastructure project that would
include the building of roads, canals, railroads all over and
eye between, improving commerce among.
Speaker 3 (12:06):
And between the states and the world. There was support for.
Speaker 2 (12:19):
These federal improvement projects in the West, which stood to
benefit from them, but the older Eastern states were less pleased.
Man Is In himself vetoed a bill for the establishment
of a large transportation fund, citing its unconstitutionality. Only one road,
the Old National Road, resulted from the efforts to improve
(12:43):
American infrastructure at this time. That's the road now known
today as old the US Route forty.
Speaker 3 (12:51):
This left the states and the voters in those states, along.
Speaker 2 (12:54):
With private business, to get done the work of business
and commerce. Those infrastructure projects too, and there was an
explosion of waterway construction projects. One such project worth discussing
in detail the construction of the three hundred and sixty
(13:16):
three mile long Erie Canal, a work of engineering genius.
Until then, the longest canal ever built was twenty seven
miles long. Just to give some context to the scope
of the project and the ambition behind it was a
politician with real vision, Governor de Witt Clinton of New York.
Speaker 3 (13:38):
He convinced the New York State legislature to commit seven
million dollars, and that was a lot of money in
those days, a lot of money to.
Speaker 2 (13:46):
Construct what many of the time thought was a very
expensive ditch. And the eight year project was properlarly known
at the time as Clinton's folly.
Speaker 3 (13:57):
But Clinton had a vision.
Speaker 2 (13:59):
He predicted that the building of the canal would turn
New York City into and I quote, the.
Speaker 3 (14:05):
Granary of the world, the emporium.
Speaker 2 (14:08):
Of commerce, the seat of manufacturers, and the focus of
great money operations. The whole of Manhattan covered with habitations
and replenished with dense population will constitute one's vast city
close quote.
Speaker 3 (14:26):
Well, that's pretty prophetic.
Speaker 2 (14:28):
The eury Canal started construction in eighteen seventeen, and by
eighteen twenty five it connected the American interior with its coasts,
which would lead to remarkable growth all over America and
the destination for most of the canal's traffic. New York
City would soon become America's greatest center.
Speaker 3 (14:49):
Of commerce, just as Governor Clinton had predicted. But it
was not just canals being built.
Speaker 2 (14:57):
The first railways were being built in the eighteen twenties,
and they would compete with the canals as shipping lanes
had platforms all their own, and they would turn Western
towns like Chicago into commerce powerhouses.
Speaker 3 (15:10):
Along with canals and realized or other significant developments.
Speaker 2 (15:19):
There was Samuel Slater, whose factory innovations and systems changed
textile made effect Eli Whitney's cotton gin, which made short
staple cotton into a commercially viable product and would make
cotton king in the South. John Fitch and Robert Fulton's
(15:40):
in innovations and steam technology and other inventions like that
would usher in an era of economic growth unrivaled in
American history. There were also big innovations in law and finance,
the biggest of them being state laws that created corporations
legal entities that allowed for the pooling by multiple individuals
(16:06):
of the vast sums of capital required to build factories
and commercial enterprises of a growing nation.
Speaker 3 (16:16):
All of this was transforming American life.
Speaker 2 (16:19):
Changes in law, technology, transportation, and commerce, Jefferson's ideal of
a nation of small, independent farmers and the independence and
self reliance that such a way.
Speaker 3 (16:31):
Of life would engender. Eh this was changing.
Speaker 2 (16:35):
America was becoming a nation of growing economic interconnectedness. The
combination of these things made the nation unique and exceptional
and would help to create a national spirit, national ethos.
But there were still important unresolved problems. One of them
(16:58):
a huge unresolved this suit and you.
Speaker 3 (17:03):
Know what it is, slavery.
Speaker 1 (17:10):
And a terrific job on the production, editing and storytelling
by our own Monte Montgomery. And a special thanks to
Professor Bill McLay who teaches at Hillsdale College. What a
story Bill McClay was telling about the development of the
American identity, American commerce. It's still that one lingering sin
sitting there waiting to be addressed, and that's slavery. The
(17:31):
story of us with Bill McLay here on our American
Stories
Host
Lee Habeeb
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