November 19, 2019 • 35 mins
5G is coming to revolutionize the way we work, socialize and interact with the world around us. In this episode, we'll dive deep into what the technology actually is and how it works, in order to build a picture of the future. We’ll explore how the delivery of 5G will introduce new opportunities for true mobility, enabling industries to build a whole new future on top of wireless networks. In this episode, we hear from: Andrea Goldsmith, Professor of Engineering at Stanford University, Flynn Coleman, author of A Human Algorithm, and Durga Malladi, SVP of 4G and 5G at Qualcomm. Make sure to check out other episodes in this series featuring: Evelyn Miralles, former Head of VR at NASA and Jeff Marshall, Founder of Ovation.
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Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:14):
Maybe it seems obvious, but business is changing, and much
of that change, from digital transformation to workplace innovation, is
driven by critical advancements in mobility. Thanks to support from
T Mobile for Business, We're here to explore how five
G will enable innovations that can advance our future. I'm
(00:35):
not compelled to build technology so people can watch movies faster,
download movies faster, or you know, ease VR for gaming,
or watch more porn. You know, so those aren't compelling
technologies for me. That's Andrea Goldsmith speaking. She is the
founding director of the Wireless Systems Lab at Stanford University.
(00:55):
But it was a winding path to get there. But
when I switched from political science to engineering when I
was an undergraduate of Berkeley in the mid eighties, I
was attracted to politics because I thought it was a
mechanism to help people. And I came to realize that
actually engineering is also a way to make people's lives better.
That you can develop technology that improves people's lives. And
(01:20):
Andrea is not just a researcher, She's also a builder.
I'm a serial entrepreneur. I founded two wireless companies. The
first one was called Quantanna and it went public in
twenty sixteen, so I got to go ring the bell
on the Nastac. That was a lot of fun. And
then yeah, that was really awesome and and it was
amazing experience to take a set of research ideas that
(01:45):
I developed over my whole career and turn them into
a technology and a company around that. Andrea's story is
typical of the relationship between research and industry that has
been the fuel of the Silicon Valley boom, and in turn,
why any people believe the United States has led the
world in innovation. When they were building the Internet, you know,
(02:06):
in the sixties, I don't think they envisioned how it
would change the world. It was a flexible infrastructure. That's
what made it successful. That Internet infrastructure laid down in
the nine sixties was flexible enough that generations of entrepreneurs
could build on top of it, ultimately creating companies like Microsoft, Google,
and Amazon. A more recent way of innovation was unleashed
(02:29):
by the launch of the four G mobile Internet. In
a decade ago, it would have been hard to imagine
navigating a city you've never visited before in a stranger's car,
or that being able to upload and stream video would
fuel protest movements around the world. And now we stand
on the cusp of a new generation and mobile internet
five G. So the question is what might tomorrow look like.
(02:55):
We can't envision what's going to be the killer app
that this five G network, which has much higher data
rates and much lower latency and much lower energy consumption.
What is that networking to enable in terms of applications
and devices and ways to make our lives better. But
if we do build that infrastructure, I believe that there
(03:17):
will be many technologies and applications that will make our
lives better that need that network to operate. I'm Azveloshin
and this is This Time Tomorrow, a podcast about how
advances in connectivity could change the way we live. I'm
(03:41):
in with my friend and partner and co host Carra
Price and Kara. This is not our first rodeo, No,
it's it's our second rodeo. I don't know if that's
a saying that our second rodeo can We hosted Sleepwalkers together,
which was about how AI is changing everything, and I
think it got us in the mood to wrap our
heads around new technologies and know what they could mean. Yeah,
(04:03):
I guess the first rodeo was AI and now we're
on our famous second rodeo. We like two letter words
that have very very vague meanings exactly, and which dominate
headlines with almost no clarity. Um. But one of the
reasons I enjoy doing these kinds of shows is it's
fun to talk to people like Andrea Goldsmith and really
break things down. Now, this show is a little different
from Sleepwalkers because it's sponsored by Tmobile for Business, and
(04:27):
they want to inspire companies and entrepreneurs to build the
kind of killer apps, as Andrea put it, that would
actually make use of the full potential of five G.
You know, part of our job with sleep Walker's was
to do a little demystifying. Most people we spoke to
on the show. I couldn't even agree on a definition
of what artificial intelligence is, and you know, similarly with
(04:49):
five G, it's gonna be hard for us to get
a solid definition. I think it usually begins with your
phone getting a lot faster and being able to unload
movies in seconds. And that's really what Andrea was joking
about at the beginning of this episode, saying, but that's
not really what's the most interesting to her. There's actually
much more profound implications that we're going to talk about. Yeah. Absolutely,
(05:12):
And it makes this an exciting moment because the future
we layout can influence the reality we build, which is
exactly why I love science fiction. I didn't know you
love science fiction. I do, I do? Um. Do you
know what the G in five G X gigabyte? No,
it's not gigabyte, it's not gigga hurt. It is generation
(05:32):
five G is the fifth generation. So what was the
O I don't know what the O G was, but
I can tell you what the one G was if
you like. One G was the first generation and it
was analog, so the parts were big, and the phone
the network enabled was this huge brick that was too
(05:53):
heavy to carry around, but it became kind of a
status symbol when you had it in your car, the
car phone, And funny enough, they didn't sort of take
off beyond those those advertising was the mommy's busy signal
that I had when I was in the car exactly.
They were huge and unwieldly. And then two G came
along in the ninet and all of a sudden, which
(06:14):
shifted from analog digital and that's where Mommy and Daddy
brought us our first phones. In my case, anyway, this
was the shift from analog digital which allowed phones to
get swam up to put in your pocket and allow
you to text, which was key and allowed me to
play Snake at barmits Vast exactly exactly. Mommy and Daddy
I bought them for us because they thought that they
(06:35):
kept us safe. And then what happened three G. Three
G was the beginning of the mobile Internet, which was
famous device wise for the BlackBerry. Did you have one
of those? Very much? So? I was a baby business.
I can imagine you very clearly with your Crackerberry having
learned some of the habits that I get to see
(06:57):
every day with your iPhone. And then, of course three
G coincided with Apple building the first iPhone, which was
a huge game changer because it had apps on it,
and all of a sudden people actually wanted to use
the mobile Internet on their phone, but there wasn't enough
bandwidth on three G, so the tel coast had to
build four G, which is the standard in mobile internet today.
(07:18):
If you pick up the phone that you're using right
now and look in the top left corner, you'll either
see FOG or LT, which is another name for FORG.
I do see it. I think something that's important to
think about as we move ahead in the show is
that this isn't just about going from generation to generation
and saying, oh ah, this is faster speed. Going from
(07:39):
three G to four G was really brought on by
this demand for mobile internet, and we also saw things
like fitbit and citizen journalism emerging. And I think it's
really important for us to think about networks in concert
with developments. Yeah, networks effectively are the architecture of how
(08:00):
we live, in the same way that AI has become
a platform or an ingredient of many different things that
are with us. It's the same with connectivity, it's the
same with rail, it's the same with highways. When you
lay down these tracks, things you can't really imagine start
to emerge, and it's a new type of infrastructure. Yeah,
and also it kind of altered forever the meaning of
the word privacy. We're gonna talk a lot on this
(08:21):
podcast about some of the risk that come with this
new technology, you know, in the hope that we can
raise awareness and allow us to get ahead of them.
First thing, we kind of want to understand what five
G is. Yes, well, that's why we've got Andrea Goldsmith
on the show. You asked me earlier about o G
networks and I didn't have the answer, but I do
(08:42):
know that Andrea is the o G wireless expert, researcher,
entrepreneur with a sideline in neuroscience. Cas casual, very casual.
She's going to break down for us what the technology
is so we can actually better understand what it would enable.
And later in this episode, we're going to hear from
Dr Laudi. He's the s v P and GM of
(09:02):
four G and five G at Qualcom and has thought
deeply about some of the killer apps that businesses may
build on top of the five G infrastructure. And I'm
going to talk to a woman named Flynn Coleman who
is a human rights lawyer and an author of a
book called The Human Algorithm. Her book introduced me to
something called the adjacent possible, which is projecting the future
(09:23):
from what we know of today. And that's why this
show is called This Time Tomorrow. We haven't actually explained
how we came up with the title. It's from a
song by The Kinks the sixties. British rock band. I
think it might be the B side of low it is.
Actually I love the last two lines of the song,
which are this time tomorrow, where will we be this
(09:46):
time tomorrow? What will we see? And I would argue
that those are the big questions of this podcast as
we try to appear into the future of what five
G may bring. Basically, every ten years we have a
new G in cellular, we have a new standard. That's
Andrea Goldsmith again, as she explained to me, five G
(10:08):
the new standard, the fifth G, if you like, is
underpinned by three key technologies, multiple antenna techniques, small cells,
and the millimeter wave. You may have heard about millimeter wave.
It's about as far as many conversations about five G go,
and it is part of the story, but only part.
(10:30):
You see, the problem is that millimeter waves are short
and easily interrupted by buildings and even rain. In sound
wave terms, they are the high frequency treble, not the
booming base you hear outside the club. So why are
we even looking at millimeter wave? Well, there's a lot
of spectrum up there. In fact, every wireless system today
(10:52):
that's an operation could fit into the millimeter wave been
But millimeter wave is not a panacea, but still a
very fragile equency band in which to communicate, and that
means that it's stuck. Going to solve are the challenges
of having sufficient spectrum from what we want to do
with five G. In fact, as five G rolls out,
(11:12):
it will also make use of low and mid band spectrum,
and there are two other radio technologies that will make
it all possible. The first other so called multiple antenna techniques.
As someone described it to me, it's the equivalent of
shining a laser pointer instead of a flashlight, so you
can actually get way more useful bandwidth from the same
(11:32):
amount of signal because it goes where you wanted to.
And the second is local transmitters and receivers otherwise known
as small cells. They look more like metallic pizza boxes
than cell towers, and they're specifically designed to be placed
everywhere from street corners to offices in order to give
breadth of coverage. So with this understanding of what technologies
(11:55):
go into five G, it's time to ask a larger
question what mnd it change. So something that the next
generation of wireless networks will enable is very low latency,
so that it doesn't take a long time for you
to send the data up to the backbone infrastructure, have
computations done and sent back to the devices. Latency is
(12:18):
a key phrase in understanding five G. It's basically how
fast your device talks to the network, and that can
be more transformative than it sounds. So that's important for
things like automated driving. Things like if you're doing say
remote surgery, and you want to figure out how to
move the robot, you can't have very long latencies. But
(12:39):
lower latency is only part of the picture. Up until now,
every generation of cell phone has really been focused on
getting much higher data rates. When the smartphones came out,
the network's crashed because they couldn't support the traffic, So
that was the push to four G. I think what's
changed in five G is that that's still a driver,
(12:59):
but there's also several other dimensions that are being developed
in the technology, and that includes very low power communications.
Right now, if you think about putting a radio and
everything with an on off switch, those radios, they'd run
out of battery instantaneously. I hadn't really thought about this before,
(13:19):
how much energy it takes just for a device to
talk to the network. But what Andrew is saying does
raise a question, why would we want to put a
radio in everything with an on off switch. It's really
that we can collect massive amounts of data that we
weren't able to collect before, send it up to the cloud,
and do the data processing to extract the useful information.
(13:42):
And so this kind of ties together AI and wireless.
So what might this collision of emerging technologies enable. You
can imagine tracking the spread of diseases, or or tracking epidemics,
or emergency response or you know, fire evacuations, or tracking
the spread of a fire that slimming in California today,
that's very much top of mind, and collecting and processing
(14:05):
much more information from our environment could be helpful on
an ongoing basis, not just in times of crisis. You
can create a smart city where the garbage trucks only
come and collect the garbage when the trash canist fall
or when it's out in the street, rather than every Wednesday.
And I think that's what I find so exciting about
what's called the Internet of things, and that Internet of
(14:26):
things can only be enabled by the next generation of
wireless connectivity. So, Kara, I'm having some flashbacks to math class,
and I feel like I've learned a new algebra equation.
AI plus five G equals IoT the Internet of Things.
IoT is another acronym that gets thrown around a lot
(14:48):
to describe a future that always seems to be just
around the corner. You know what Andrew was saying about
it finally being made possible by lower powered radio, Actually
wasn't something i'd heard before. I wouldn't mind sensors on
the avalanche of package since I receive so that I
could know where they are every second before they hit
my doorstep. It does make me think about where else
(15:10):
we might find sensors in the future, though, Yeah, he's
tracking me as a real package track big time. But
you do raise an important concern, and according to Andrea,
five G will enable us to create and collect all
kinds of new data, which will push the envelope in
terms of making better decisions empowered by AI. But the
(15:30):
people building and regulating the applications on top of the network,
we'll have to get smarter about the right and wrong
ways to use that data. I always go back to
this dinner time conversation starter from Sabastian Thrun, who was
the founder of Google X. That's right. If you make
a kitchen knife, you can either use it to cook
(15:51):
dinner or to kill your guests. The choice is yours.
But seriously, the connected future is exciting, and later in
the series we're going to do a deep dive into
how the Internet of Things could help us protect our environment.
But the ethics of design are important too, and that's
something Andrea thinks about a lot. Massive deployment of centers,
(16:14):
which five G may enable. That can be used for
good purposes, and it can also be used for not
so good purposes. It can be used for surveillance. And
I worry a lot about the digital divide. I think
that connectivity is almost like electricity now that if you
aren't connected, you don't have access to information. So as technologists,
(16:36):
it's important that we're cognizant not only of the excitement
of developing the technology in its own right, but also
the ways it can be used to better humanity and
also to make things worse. Well, Andrea is saying Kara
resonated with me. Technology is enabled progress for so many people,
but it's also been used to infringe on privacy and
(16:58):
even exclude certain people from economic opportunity. That's not something
we imagined happening when we unpacked our very first smartphones.
I think it's really hard to predict where new technology
main late. It's kind of the problem that we always face.
When I was logging into my A I M chat
with my friends, I couldn't imagine that, you know, in
ten years I would have a full Instagram profile, Facebook profile,
(17:20):
Twitter identity. It really is. It's one of the reasons
why it's a good moment to be having this conversation
because a five G, the fifth generation of cellular wireless,
is still in the building phase, and that means hopefully
we can head off some of the crises that came
with the move fast and break things error that defined
the last ten years of Silicon Valley, and especially as
this network is being built, to insist that it's affordable
(17:44):
and widely accessible, it's important to project a future that
we want to live in and build towards it. One
person who has thought deeply about bridging the digital divide
is Flynn Coleman. She's an international human rights lawyer, expert
on digital ethics, and author of a Human Algorithm. Join
us for that conversation after the break the future with
(18:08):
five G is coming today. T Mobile is leading the
five G charge with thirty billion dollars invested in their
network to deliver new capabilities. Improved connectivity and true mobility
provided by an advanced network from T Mobile for Business
could change the way we all live and work. The
five G era will take the best technologies available today
(18:30):
in the wireless space so that you can offer new
capabilities to your business customers. T Mobile for Business knows
that the future of business will be powered by advancements
in wireless networks. With these new technologies opening the doors
for better ways to get the job done, business is changing.
Learn more at t Mobile for Business dot com. That
(18:56):
I've long been interested in the intersection of technology and
human rights. That's Flynn Coleman. She's an international human rights
lawyer who most recently wrote a book called The Human Algorithm,
which explores how we can build algorithms and programs that
better reflect and care for human life. There's some things
we can't fix and there's some things we can, which
is why things like diversity inclusivity, having a wider range
(19:18):
of lived experiences as part of the team's building, regulating,
legislating these tools is critical. We need to think about
ways that we can avoid digital redlining so that marginalized,
vulnerable communities are provided that critical element of access. The
digital redlining Flynn mentioned is a form of discrimination whereby
(19:40):
certain poorer and or rural areas are not provided with
the infrastructure for quality Internet. Some networks are working to
resolve this problem by making accessibility and affordability hallmarks of
their five G rollout. What we are going to need
to do is have people in leadership positions and in
part of every p of the ecosystem show the broader,
(20:02):
long term reasons why we provide access. Oz and I
once spoke to the former head of DARPA, that's the
agency that invented the Internet. Her name is Arthur Probacar,
and she told us one of her big priorities at
DARPA was building safe systems at the design phase. That
means anticipating problems before they arise. When we think about
(20:23):
deploying five G, it's important we focus on making sure
we are not racing towards a future for the few,
but thoughtfully building for the many. Because you know, while
so many of us are like, oh, we're on social
media too much, some of us still aren't connected. We
don't know what tomorrow will bring, but the people building
tomorrow's network and the applications on top of it, should
be considering all of the challenges as well as the opportunities.
(20:47):
And on the subject of this time tomorrow, Flynn's book
introduced me to an interesting concept that I hadn't heard before,
but it's kind of changed the way I think about
technological development. The Jason possible is the theory and actus.
It's this fascinating idea that when we predict and forecast
using the tools we have today, it's really impossible to
predict the future, and we can't possibly see the further
(21:10):
horizon until we keep stepping forward. The adjacent possible was
first shared by the theoretical biologists Stephen Kaufman in his
book At Home in the Universe. For Kaufman, it's this
future that does not exist, but is a step away
from existence. For the rest of us, the adjacent possible
is how we get to what's next based on what
we already have. You may be listening to this and thinking, well,
(21:34):
what does the adjacent possible have to do with the
next generation cellular network? The answer is quite a lot.
We know, given dramatic breakthroughs during previous generations of wireless,
that we are again on the precipice of extraordinary innovation
and change, but we can't know this change. The theory
(21:56):
of the adjacent possible encourages us to look at the
tools we currently have of both in the marketplace and
in our backyards, to consider what the world might look like.
I've seen the evolution, just for example, in my students
and before you know, in some of the classes, it
was all about businesses for profit, and now I'm seeing
a huge in the next generation move towards no there
(22:16):
should be positive environmental impact and for human rights and
social justice. It's good to hear from Flynn that some
future business leaders are more focused on collaboration and purpose
over profit. We'll need a collaborative ecosystem to make the
most of five G. It's not just millimeter wave, it's
not just multiple antenna it's what will be built on top.
(22:37):
What will the ubers and venmos of tomorrow bring, and
how will they explore the limits of new networks. This
podcast will search for the most inspiring examples of our
adjacent possible. All right, can you stop googling the adjacent
possible was just going to tell you what it is.
There's this wonderful writer named Stephen Johnson who wrote about
(23:00):
the adjacent possible and one of his books, and in
it he wrote, think of a house that magically expands
with each door you open. You begin in a room
with four doors, each leading to a new room that
you haven't visited yet. Those four rooms are the adjacent possible.
But once you open one of those doors and stroll
(23:21):
into that room, three new doors appear, each leading to
a brand new room that you couldn't have reached from
your original starting point. Keep opening doors, and eventually you'll
have built a palace. Well, they're basically also saying that
all innovation is essentially a choose your own adventure using
the tools that you already have. The thing I like
about the adjacent possible is that it rejiggers the way,
(23:44):
at least I think about the future. You know, I
normally think of the future as this far out, disembodied place.
The theory of the adjacent possible forces us to consider
what we have available to us right now, and then
think about how those things might open doors to the future.
It's kind of radical I think it's fascinating. I mean
I had got my my wander, my cauldron, and my
(24:05):
crystal ball out for this podcast. But it does also
raise questions about who are the people who are going
through this house this adjacent possible with all these rooms,
and historically in the US that's been businesses. I found
Andrea Goldsmith a very interesting guest because she's both a
researcher at Stanford and as she describes it, as serial entrepreneur,
(24:26):
someone who's built businesses. And so when we think about
the adjacent possible and what might come next, the likelihood
is that that will be driven by an entrepreneur or
a business somebody looking for a market, somebody looking to
build a killer application, so to speak, on top of
this five G network. And so our next guest is
going to tell us about exactly what businesses are looking
(24:46):
out for. I am Degam Lady. I am a senior
vice president and general manager for four G and five
G Technologies and Qualcom derger Overseas five G at Qualcom,
which is one of the last just manufacturers of chips
in the world, the chips that make your smartphone well smart.
And Qualcom also creates and owns technology patterns. That's the
(25:10):
intellectual property that underlies a great deal of today's wireless communications.
The chips it inside any of these different product categories
is what makes it dick. It's the heart and soul
of the entire product, and from a connectivity standpoint, it's
the most important piece of of the entire device. In fact,
Qualcom actually invested in two companies that have become synonymous
(25:33):
with Connection on the go Ways the app for driving
directions and live traffic response, and Fitbit, the fitness tracker
that Google just acquired. Recently, Qualcom announced the two hundred
million dollar five G Ecosystem Fund. Effectively, they're providing capital
to the types of businesses aiming to build the killer
(25:53):
apps to make five G relevant. Because we're not going
to be able to predict everything that's going to happen
seven eight years down the road. You might be able to,
you know, probably say these are the trend lines and
so on, but the idea is to build the toolkit.
Like Andrea Goldsmith, Burger is particularly excited about a world
of device to device connection, the Internet of Things. Let's
(26:15):
imagine a situation where every automobile has got five G
connectivity inside. Well, the next thing you can start thinking
of is maybe these cars can not just connect to
the network, but they can connect to each other, and
that brings in what we call as V two V
vehicle to vehicle communication. They're in. Safety applications start coming in.
(26:37):
Imagine the following you're driving and you slam on the
brake because there's something else that's right in front of you. Today,
the only way that everyone else knows that you slammed
on the brake is maybe the person behind you saw
a red light which lights up behind your vehicle, and
that's how they know they did this. But what about
the person behind, what about the person who's on the
adjacent lane, they don't know it. Well, instead, now you
(26:59):
slam on break and a message of wireless message instead
is sent out. In addition to the red light, wireless
messages sent out to all the vehicles around it, and
they all know that you break down it. So now
you start seeing safety features come up as a part
of this wireless communications. The next thing you know, the
same vehicle can communicate with the traffic light which is
one or two miles down the road, which states, hey,
(27:21):
right now, it's at a green and if you drive
at this speed then it will remain a green for you,
and so on, so you increase transportation efficiency. All of
a sudden, you can see that five G can enable
and improve the efficiency. You have so many different things
in that automobile sector, whether it is safety applications, so
whether it is transportation efficiency. And this promise of connecting
previously unconnected devices goes far beyond cars and driving. Think
(27:46):
of the following. Let's say that you have a really
large farm out there. The irrigation policy for the day
is determined by the level of humanity and the soil
moisture content. But you need to have that information in
real time to be able to understand exactly what should
be the drip big irrigation policy for today. So we
can start to use data collected from many more senses
(28:06):
to make more informed decisions. And another industry this could
transform is manufacturing. Reliability matters. You want to just lose
maybe one message out of a million messages or something
of that sort. You're trying to control an industrial robot.
Latency matters. You want to actually have a responsive system
that can react in milliseconds fraction of a second. Really,
(28:27):
we work with them first, and so how can we
help you in this process? And the answers that we've
got is with wireless communication, there's so much of data
that we collect. Now we can locally process it, possibly
add some AI algorithms on top of it, right in
the manufacturing flow to figure out what is happening, quality control,
quality analysis, overall improvement in the efficiency. What Turger is
(28:48):
talking about is also known as edge computing. It's computation
that can happen in those small cells Andrea mentioned earlier
without wasting time and energy by going all the way
up to the cloud. As you're collecting large amounts of
data from a large number of entities, you say, okay,
I'm beginning to see a macro pattern over here. Maybe
there's a problem there that's a diagnostics issue, or maybe
(29:10):
this is my strategy over here that's a scheduling issue.
And so there is this confluence of five G n
AI that occurs in the background. This local computation, combined
with much higher data rates, could unlock the potential of
yet another technology that has been long talked about and
not yet fully adopted, virtual reality. With the amount of
(29:30):
data that needs to be processed today for we are.
It's a rather multi looking thing. That's because a lot
of processing is done on it. Now, what if you
actually have a much thinner form factor. Ideally, in fact,
what you really ought to be thinking of as you're
wearing something that looks like sunglasses the return of Google Eggs,
(29:51):
but seriously just sunglasses, and it has five G connectivity
and some limited processing power over there, so that it's
kind of really light, but it's outsourcing the rest of
the processing to a server that's located right next to it,
are very close to it. Now you can start thinking
about virtual telepresence VR capabilities. You can do exactly the
(30:11):
same with air as well collaborative workplaces wherein you have
three or four individuals and three continents, for example, they're
all looking at the same object, but using air they're
able to augment their reality wherever they are located based
upon what the other person is doing in a different location.
These applications are full of promise for the world of business.
(30:33):
But we talked earlier in the episode about the importance
of access to affordable and reliable connection for everyone, and
I want to Durger's take on how to avoid a
future built with a few you know, one of the
things that from Calcom we are very interested in is
making sure that we have broadband capabilities across the U S.
So rural broadband is something that's of importance to us.
(30:55):
That's where fixed wireless access applications come in. Fixed wireless
excess is one of the big promises of five G. Essentially,
it's the combination of those small cells and multiple antenna
techniques that we talked about to send fast connectivity wherever
it's needed without having to lay down expensive fibroctic cable.
The ability to bring hundreds of megabits per second connectivity
(31:19):
to rural households, to city halls and communities out in
the rural areas very promising. The technology is there. We
have to now make sure that there are the right
kinds of policies and incentives to make it happen in
the rural areas. But the technology has been built to
make it happen exactly that way. It wasn't something that
was easily possible with four G or three G before,
but with five GV have the technology. As Dagger said,
(31:44):
none of us can look into the future, but we
can look at the trend lines and on this time tomorrow,
we will follow those trend lines in search of the
adjacent possible. Available now from my Heart a new series
presented by Tembile for business, The Restless Ones join host
(32:05):
Johnson Strickland as he explores the upcoming five Year Revolution
and the business leaders who stand right on the cutting edge.
There are certain decision makers who are restless. They know
there is a better way to get things done, and
they're ready, curious and excited for the next technological innovation
to unlock their vision of the future. These restless ones
are in pursuit of bigger, better, smarter, stronger. They seek
(32:30):
new partners, new strategies, new processes. They pursue innovative platforms
and solutions to propel their teams, businesses, and industries forward.
In each episode, we'll learn more from the Restless Ones
themselves and dive deep into how they think of five
year Revolution could propel their business forward. The Restless Ones
is now available on the i Heart Radio app or
(32:52):
wherever you listen to podcasts. So Kara, we come to
the end of our first st episode of This Time tomorrow,
and we're going to keep trying to answer the questions
that the song poses. Ray Davies, was the lead singer
of The Kinks, said that the song is about going
(33:13):
into the unexpected, unexplored territory, what does the future hold
for us? I also like that we borrowed our title
from a song from the late sixties early seventies because
that error was such an exciting and fertile time for innovation.
There was Apollo eight, in the first man spaceship to
orbit the Moon and crucially returned to Earth. And in
(33:35):
one Intel released the first commercially available microprocessor, which basically
kicked off the personal computing revolution. And do you know
what happened in the Watergate here, Well, that was one thing.
There was also the first ever cell phone call, which
was demonstrated in New York City by the inventor Martin Cooper.
(33:56):
So it's a time of these great inventions that became
even more significant and helpful over time as they were
refined and we found uses for them that made them relevant.
So on this podcast, we're going to take everything we
do know about five G today, how it works, what
it might enable, and then extrapolate what kind of amazing
applications might be built on top of it. At the
(34:18):
same time, we're going to be cognizant that every new
technology brings risks as well as rewards. We're going to
keep privacy and access top of mind throughout all of
our conversations, and as we do so, we're going to
explore some of the applications that exist today but it
could be made better by five G, everything from virtual
reality to disaster relief to medicine, with some of the
(34:41):
best scientists and most creative business people in the world,
all in order to paint a picture of this time tomorrow.
On our next episode, we will explore how five G
could enable incredible new applications of virtual reality, transforming our
relationship with the world around us. We will learn how
(35:03):
the technology can be used and everything from helping long
term prisoners prepare for life on the outside to helping
astronauts train for missions in space. I'm asloshin see you
next time, no matter what you're after. T Mobile for
(35:27):
Business is here with a network born mobile and built
from the ground up for the next wave of innovation,
from mobile broadband to IoT to workforce mobility and everything
in between. T Mobile for Business is committed to helping
you move your business forward with the products and services
you need, as well as the dedicated, award winning customer
(35:47):
service you'd expect from America's most loved wireless company. Business
is changing. Learn more at T Mobile for business dot com.
Maybe it seems obvious, but business is changing, and much
of that change, from digital transformation to workplace innovation, is
driven by critical advancements in mobility. Thanks to support from
T Mobile for Business, We're here to explore how five
G will enable innovations that can advance our future. I'm
(00:35):
not compelled to build technology so people can watch movies faster,
download movies faster, or you know, ease VR for gaming,
or watch more porn. You know, so those aren't compelling
technologies for me. That's Andrea Goldsmith speaking. She is the
founding director of the Wireless Systems Lab at Stanford University.
(00:55):
But it was a winding path to get there. But
when I switched from political science to engineering when I
was an undergraduate of Berkeley in the mid eighties, I
was attracted to politics because I thought it was a
mechanism to help people. And I came to realize that
actually engineering is also a way to make people's lives better.
That you can develop technology that improves people's lives. And
(01:20):
Andrea is not just a researcher, She's also a builder.
I'm a serial entrepreneur. I founded two wireless companies. The
first one was called Quantanna and it went public in
twenty sixteen, so I got to go ring the bell
on the Nastac. That was a lot of fun. And
then yeah, that was really awesome and and it was
amazing experience to take a set of research ideas that
(01:45):
I developed over my whole career and turn them into
a technology and a company around that. Andrea's story is
typical of the relationship between research and industry that has
been the fuel of the Silicon Valley boom, and in turn,
why any people believe the United States has led the
world in innovation. When they were building the Internet, you know,
(02:06):
in the sixties, I don't think they envisioned how it
would change the world. It was a flexible infrastructure. That's
what made it successful. That Internet infrastructure laid down in
the nine sixties was flexible enough that generations of entrepreneurs
could build on top of it, ultimately creating companies like Microsoft, Google,
and Amazon. A more recent way of innovation was unleashed
(02:29):
by the launch of the four G mobile Internet. In
a decade ago, it would have been hard to imagine
navigating a city you've never visited before in a stranger's car,
or that being able to upload and stream video would
fuel protest movements around the world. And now we stand
on the cusp of a new generation and mobile internet
five G. So the question is what might tomorrow look like.
(02:55):
We can't envision what's going to be the killer app
that this five G network, which has much higher data
rates and much lower latency and much lower energy consumption.
What is that networking to enable in terms of applications
and devices and ways to make our lives better. But
if we do build that infrastructure, I believe that there
(03:17):
will be many technologies and applications that will make our
lives better that need that network to operate. I'm Azveloshin
and this is This Time Tomorrow, a podcast about how
advances in connectivity could change the way we live. I'm
(03:41):
in with my friend and partner and co host Carra
Price and Kara. This is not our first rodeo, No,
it's it's our second rodeo. I don't know if that's
a saying that our second rodeo can We hosted Sleepwalkers together,
which was about how AI is changing everything, and I
think it got us in the mood to wrap our
heads around new technologies and know what they could mean. Yeah,
(04:03):
I guess the first rodeo was AI and now we're
on our famous second rodeo. We like two letter words
that have very very vague meanings exactly, and which dominate
headlines with almost no clarity. Um. But one of the
reasons I enjoy doing these kinds of shows is it's
fun to talk to people like Andrea Goldsmith and really
break things down. Now, this show is a little different
from Sleepwalkers because it's sponsored by Tmobile for Business, and
(04:27):
they want to inspire companies and entrepreneurs to build the
kind of killer apps, as Andrea put it, that would
actually make use of the full potential of five G.
You know, part of our job with sleep Walker's was
to do a little demystifying. Most people we spoke to
on the show. I couldn't even agree on a definition
of what artificial intelligence is, and you know, similarly with
(04:49):
five G, it's gonna be hard for us to get
a solid definition. I think it usually begins with your
phone getting a lot faster and being able to unload
movies in seconds. And that's really what Andrea was joking
about at the beginning of this episode, saying, but that's
not really what's the most interesting to her. There's actually
much more profound implications that we're going to talk about. Yeah. Absolutely,
(05:12):
And it makes this an exciting moment because the future
we layout can influence the reality we build, which is
exactly why I love science fiction. I didn't know you
love science fiction. I do, I do? Um. Do you
know what the G in five G X gigabyte? No,
it's not gigabyte, it's not gigga hurt. It is generation
(05:32):
five G is the fifth generation. So what was the
O I don't know what the O G was, but
I can tell you what the one G was if
you like. One G was the first generation and it
was analog, so the parts were big, and the phone
the network enabled was this huge brick that was too
(05:53):
heavy to carry around, but it became kind of a
status symbol when you had it in your car, the
car phone, And funny enough, they didn't sort of take
off beyond those those advertising was the mommy's busy signal
that I had when I was in the car exactly.
They were huge and unwieldly. And then two G came
along in the ninet and all of a sudden, which
(06:14):
shifted from analog digital and that's where Mommy and Daddy
brought us our first phones. In my case, anyway, this
was the shift from analog digital which allowed phones to
get swam up to put in your pocket and allow
you to text, which was key and allowed me to
play Snake at barmits Vast exactly exactly. Mommy and Daddy
I bought them for us because they thought that they
(06:35):
kept us safe. And then what happened three G. Three
G was the beginning of the mobile Internet, which was
famous device wise for the BlackBerry. Did you have one
of those? Very much? So? I was a baby business.
I can imagine you very clearly with your Crackerberry having
learned some of the habits that I get to see
(06:57):
every day with your iPhone. And then, of course three
G coincided with Apple building the first iPhone, which was
a huge game changer because it had apps on it,
and all of a sudden people actually wanted to use
the mobile Internet on their phone, but there wasn't enough
bandwidth on three G, so the tel coast had to
build four G, which is the standard in mobile internet today.
(07:18):
If you pick up the phone that you're using right
now and look in the top left corner, you'll either
see FOG or LT, which is another name for FORG.
I do see it. I think something that's important to
think about as we move ahead in the show is
that this isn't just about going from generation to generation
and saying, oh ah, this is faster speed. Going from
(07:39):
three G to four G was really brought on by
this demand for mobile internet, and we also saw things
like fitbit and citizen journalism emerging. And I think it's
really important for us to think about networks in concert
with developments. Yeah, networks effectively are the architecture of how
(08:00):
we live, in the same way that AI has become
a platform or an ingredient of many different things that
are with us. It's the same with connectivity, it's the
same with rail, it's the same with highways. When you
lay down these tracks, things you can't really imagine start
to emerge, and it's a new type of infrastructure. Yeah,
and also it kind of altered forever the meaning of
the word privacy. We're gonna talk a lot on this
(08:21):
podcast about some of the risk that come with this
new technology, you know, in the hope that we can
raise awareness and allow us to get ahead of them.
First thing, we kind of want to understand what five
G is. Yes, well, that's why we've got Andrea Goldsmith
on the show. You asked me earlier about o G
networks and I didn't have the answer, but I do
(08:42):
know that Andrea is the o G wireless expert, researcher,
entrepreneur with a sideline in neuroscience. Cas casual, very casual.
She's going to break down for us what the technology
is so we can actually better understand what it would enable.
And later in this episode, we're going to hear from
Dr Laudi. He's the s v P and GM of
(09:02):
four G and five G at Qualcom and has thought
deeply about some of the killer apps that businesses may
build on top of the five G infrastructure. And I'm
going to talk to a woman named Flynn Coleman who
is a human rights lawyer and an author of a
book called The Human Algorithm. Her book introduced me to
something called the adjacent possible, which is projecting the future
(09:23):
from what we know of today. And that's why this
show is called This Time Tomorrow. We haven't actually explained
how we came up with the title. It's from a
song by The Kinks the sixties. British rock band. I
think it might be the B side of low it is.
Actually I love the last two lines of the song,
which are this time tomorrow, where will we be this
(09:46):
time tomorrow? What will we see? And I would argue
that those are the big questions of this podcast as
we try to appear into the future of what five
G may bring. Basically, every ten years we have a
new G in cellular, we have a new standard. That's
Andrea Goldsmith again, as she explained to me, five G
(10:08):
the new standard, the fifth G, if you like, is
underpinned by three key technologies, multiple antenna techniques, small cells,
and the millimeter wave. You may have heard about millimeter wave.
It's about as far as many conversations about five G go,
and it is part of the story, but only part.
(10:30):
You see, the problem is that millimeter waves are short
and easily interrupted by buildings and even rain. In sound
wave terms, they are the high frequency treble, not the
booming base you hear outside the club. So why are
we even looking at millimeter wave? Well, there's a lot
of spectrum up there. In fact, every wireless system today
(10:52):
that's an operation could fit into the millimeter wave been
But millimeter wave is not a panacea, but still a
very fragile equency band in which to communicate, and that
means that it's stuck. Going to solve are the challenges
of having sufficient spectrum from what we want to do
with five G. In fact, as five G rolls out,
(11:12):
it will also make use of low and mid band spectrum,
and there are two other radio technologies that will make
it all possible. The first other so called multiple antenna techniques.
As someone described it to me, it's the equivalent of
shining a laser pointer instead of a flashlight, so you
can actually get way more useful bandwidth from the same
(11:32):
amount of signal because it goes where you wanted to.
And the second is local transmitters and receivers otherwise known
as small cells. They look more like metallic pizza boxes
than cell towers, and they're specifically designed to be placed
everywhere from street corners to offices in order to give
breadth of coverage. So with this understanding of what technologies
(11:55):
go into five G, it's time to ask a larger
question what mnd it change. So something that the next
generation of wireless networks will enable is very low latency,
so that it doesn't take a long time for you
to send the data up to the backbone infrastructure, have
computations done and sent back to the devices. Latency is
(12:18):
a key phrase in understanding five G. It's basically how
fast your device talks to the network, and that can
be more transformative than it sounds. So that's important for
things like automated driving. Things like if you're doing say
remote surgery, and you want to figure out how to
move the robot, you can't have very long latencies. But
(12:39):
lower latency is only part of the picture. Up until now,
every generation of cell phone has really been focused on
getting much higher data rates. When the smartphones came out,
the network's crashed because they couldn't support the traffic, So
that was the push to four G. I think what's
changed in five G is that that's still a driver,
(12:59):
but there's also several other dimensions that are being developed
in the technology, and that includes very low power communications.
Right now, if you think about putting a radio and
everything with an on off switch, those radios, they'd run
out of battery instantaneously. I hadn't really thought about this before,
(13:19):
how much energy it takes just for a device to
talk to the network. But what Andrew is saying does
raise a question, why would we want to put a
radio in everything with an on off switch. It's really
that we can collect massive amounts of data that we
weren't able to collect before, send it up to the cloud,
and do the data processing to extract the useful information.
(13:42):
And so this kind of ties together AI and wireless.
So what might this collision of emerging technologies enable. You
can imagine tracking the spread of diseases, or or tracking epidemics,
or emergency response or you know, fire evacuations, or tracking
the spread of a fire that slimming in California today,
that's very much top of mind, and collecting and processing
(14:05):
much more information from our environment could be helpful on
an ongoing basis, not just in times of crisis. You
can create a smart city where the garbage trucks only
come and collect the garbage when the trash canist fall
or when it's out in the street, rather than every Wednesday.
And I think that's what I find so exciting about
what's called the Internet of things, and that Internet of
(14:26):
things can only be enabled by the next generation of
wireless connectivity. So, Kara, I'm having some flashbacks to math class,
and I feel like I've learned a new algebra equation.
AI plus five G equals IoT the Internet of Things.
IoT is another acronym that gets thrown around a lot
(14:48):
to describe a future that always seems to be just
around the corner. You know what Andrew was saying about
it finally being made possible by lower powered radio, Actually
wasn't something i'd heard before. I wouldn't mind sensors on
the avalanche of package since I receive so that I
could know where they are every second before they hit
my doorstep. It does make me think about where else
(15:10):
we might find sensors in the future, though, Yeah, he's
tracking me as a real package track big time. But
you do raise an important concern, and according to Andrea,
five G will enable us to create and collect all
kinds of new data, which will push the envelope in
terms of making better decisions empowered by AI. But the
(15:30):
people building and regulating the applications on top of the network,
we'll have to get smarter about the right and wrong
ways to use that data. I always go back to
this dinner time conversation starter from Sabastian Thrun, who was
the founder of Google X. That's right. If you make
a kitchen knife, you can either use it to cook
(15:51):
dinner or to kill your guests. The choice is yours.
But seriously, the connected future is exciting, and later in
the series we're going to do a deep dive into
how the Internet of Things could help us protect our environment.
But the ethics of design are important too, and that's
something Andrea thinks about a lot. Massive deployment of centers,
(16:14):
which five G may enable. That can be used for
good purposes, and it can also be used for not
so good purposes. It can be used for surveillance. And
I worry a lot about the digital divide. I think
that connectivity is almost like electricity now that if you
aren't connected, you don't have access to information. So as technologists,
(16:36):
it's important that we're cognizant not only of the excitement
of developing the technology in its own right, but also
the ways it can be used to better humanity and
also to make things worse. Well, Andrea is saying Kara
resonated with me. Technology is enabled progress for so many people,
but it's also been used to infringe on privacy and
(16:58):
even exclude certain people from economic opportunity. That's not something
we imagined happening when we unpacked our very first smartphones.
I think it's really hard to predict where new technology
main late. It's kind of the problem that we always face.
When I was logging into my A I M chat
with my friends, I couldn't imagine that, you know, in
ten years I would have a full Instagram profile, Facebook profile,
(17:20):
Twitter identity. It really is. It's one of the reasons
why it's a good moment to be having this conversation
because a five G, the fifth generation of cellular wireless,
is still in the building phase, and that means hopefully
we can head off some of the crises that came
with the move fast and break things error that defined
the last ten years of Silicon Valley, and especially as
this network is being built, to insist that it's affordable
(17:44):
and widely accessible, it's important to project a future that
we want to live in and build towards it. One
person who has thought deeply about bridging the digital divide
is Flynn Coleman. She's an international human rights lawyer, expert
on digital ethics, and author of a Human Algorithm. Join
us for that conversation after the break the future with
(18:08):
five G is coming today. T Mobile is leading the
five G charge with thirty billion dollars invested in their
network to deliver new capabilities. Improved connectivity and true mobility
provided by an advanced network from T Mobile for Business
could change the way we all live and work. The
five G era will take the best technologies available today
(18:30):
in the wireless space so that you can offer new
capabilities to your business customers. T Mobile for Business knows
that the future of business will be powered by advancements
in wireless networks. With these new technologies opening the doors
for better ways to get the job done, business is changing.
Learn more at t Mobile for Business dot com. That
(18:56):
I've long been interested in the intersection of technology and
human rights. That's Flynn Coleman. She's an international human rights
lawyer who most recently wrote a book called The Human Algorithm,
which explores how we can build algorithms and programs that
better reflect and care for human life. There's some things
we can't fix and there's some things we can, which
is why things like diversity inclusivity, having a wider range
(19:18):
of lived experiences as part of the team's building, regulating,
legislating these tools is critical. We need to think about
ways that we can avoid digital redlining so that marginalized,
vulnerable communities are provided that critical element of access. The
digital redlining Flynn mentioned is a form of discrimination whereby
(19:40):
certain poorer and or rural areas are not provided with
the infrastructure for quality Internet. Some networks are working to
resolve this problem by making accessibility and affordability hallmarks of
their five G rollout. What we are going to need
to do is have people in leadership positions and in
part of every p of the ecosystem show the broader,
(20:02):
long term reasons why we provide access. Oz and I
once spoke to the former head of DARPA, that's the
agency that invented the Internet. Her name is Arthur Probacar,
and she told us one of her big priorities at
DARPA was building safe systems at the design phase. That
means anticipating problems before they arise. When we think about
(20:23):
deploying five G, it's important we focus on making sure
we are not racing towards a future for the few,
but thoughtfully building for the many. Because you know, while
so many of us are like, oh, we're on social
media too much, some of us still aren't connected. We
don't know what tomorrow will bring, but the people building
tomorrow's network and the applications on top of it, should
be considering all of the challenges as well as the opportunities.
(20:47):
And on the subject of this time tomorrow, Flynn's book
introduced me to an interesting concept that I hadn't heard before,
but it's kind of changed the way I think about
technological development. The Jason possible is the theory and actus.
It's this fascinating idea that when we predict and forecast
using the tools we have today, it's really impossible to
predict the future, and we can't possibly see the further
(21:10):
horizon until we keep stepping forward. The adjacent possible was
first shared by the theoretical biologists Stephen Kaufman in his
book At Home in the Universe. For Kaufman, it's this
future that does not exist, but is a step away
from existence. For the rest of us, the adjacent possible
is how we get to what's next based on what
we already have. You may be listening to this and thinking, well,
(21:34):
what does the adjacent possible have to do with the
next generation cellular network? The answer is quite a lot.
We know, given dramatic breakthroughs during previous generations of wireless,
that we are again on the precipice of extraordinary innovation
and change, but we can't know this change. The theory
(21:56):
of the adjacent possible encourages us to look at the
tools we currently have of both in the marketplace and
in our backyards, to consider what the world might look like.
I've seen the evolution, just for example, in my students
and before you know, in some of the classes, it
was all about businesses for profit, and now I'm seeing
a huge in the next generation move towards no there
(22:16):
should be positive environmental impact and for human rights and
social justice. It's good to hear from Flynn that some
future business leaders are more focused on collaboration and purpose
over profit. We'll need a collaborative ecosystem to make the
most of five G. It's not just millimeter wave, it's
not just multiple antenna it's what will be built on top.
(22:37):
What will the ubers and venmos of tomorrow bring, and
how will they explore the limits of new networks. This
podcast will search for the most inspiring examples of our
adjacent possible. All right, can you stop googling the adjacent
possible was just going to tell you what it is.
There's this wonderful writer named Stephen Johnson who wrote about
(23:00):
the adjacent possible and one of his books, and in
it he wrote, think of a house that magically expands
with each door you open. You begin in a room
with four doors, each leading to a new room that
you haven't visited yet. Those four rooms are the adjacent possible.
But once you open one of those doors and stroll
(23:21):
into that room, three new doors appear, each leading to
a brand new room that you couldn't have reached from
your original starting point. Keep opening doors, and eventually you'll
have built a palace. Well, they're basically also saying that
all innovation is essentially a choose your own adventure using
the tools that you already have. The thing I like
about the adjacent possible is that it rejiggers the way,
(23:44):
at least I think about the future. You know, I
normally think of the future as this far out, disembodied place.
The theory of the adjacent possible forces us to consider
what we have available to us right now, and then
think about how those things might open doors to the future.
It's kind of radical I think it's fascinating. I mean
I had got my my wander, my cauldron, and my
(24:05):
crystal ball out for this podcast. But it does also
raise questions about who are the people who are going
through this house this adjacent possible with all these rooms,
and historically in the US that's been businesses. I found
Andrea Goldsmith a very interesting guest because she's both a
researcher at Stanford and as she describes it, as serial entrepreneur,
(24:26):
someone who's built businesses. And so when we think about
the adjacent possible and what might come next, the likelihood
is that that will be driven by an entrepreneur or
a business somebody looking for a market, somebody looking to
build a killer application, so to speak, on top of
this five G network. And so our next guest is
going to tell us about exactly what businesses are looking
(24:46):
out for. I am Degam Lady. I am a senior
vice president and general manager for four G and five
G Technologies and Qualcom derger Overseas five G at Qualcom,
which is one of the last just manufacturers of chips
in the world, the chips that make your smartphone well smart.
And Qualcom also creates and owns technology patterns. That's the
(25:10):
intellectual property that underlies a great deal of today's wireless communications.
The chips it inside any of these different product categories
is what makes it dick. It's the heart and soul
of the entire product, and from a connectivity standpoint, it's
the most important piece of of the entire device. In fact,
Qualcom actually invested in two companies that have become synonymous
(25:33):
with Connection on the go Ways the app for driving
directions and live traffic response, and Fitbit, the fitness tracker
that Google just acquired. Recently, Qualcom announced the two hundred
million dollar five G Ecosystem Fund. Effectively, they're providing capital
to the types of businesses aiming to build the killer
(25:53):
apps to make five G relevant. Because we're not going
to be able to predict everything that's going to happen
seven eight years down the road. You might be able to,
you know, probably say these are the trend lines and
so on, but the idea is to build the toolkit.
Like Andrea Goldsmith, Burger is particularly excited about a world
of device to device connection, the Internet of Things. Let's
(26:15):
imagine a situation where every automobile has got five G
connectivity inside. Well, the next thing you can start thinking
of is maybe these cars can not just connect to
the network, but they can connect to each other, and
that brings in what we call as V two V
vehicle to vehicle communication. They're in. Safety applications start coming in.
(26:37):
Imagine the following you're driving and you slam on the
brake because there's something else that's right in front of you. Today,
the only way that everyone else knows that you slammed
on the brake is maybe the person behind you saw
a red light which lights up behind your vehicle, and
that's how they know they did this. But what about
the person behind, what about the person who's on the
adjacent lane, they don't know it. Well, instead, now you
(26:59):
slam on break and a message of wireless message instead
is sent out. In addition to the red light, wireless
messages sent out to all the vehicles around it, and
they all know that you break down it. So now
you start seeing safety features come up as a part
of this wireless communications. The next thing you know, the
same vehicle can communicate with the traffic light which is
one or two miles down the road, which states, hey,
(27:21):
right now, it's at a green and if you drive
at this speed then it will remain a green for you,
and so on, so you increase transportation efficiency. All of
a sudden, you can see that five G can enable
and improve the efficiency. You have so many different things
in that automobile sector, whether it is safety applications, so
whether it is transportation efficiency. And this promise of connecting
previously unconnected devices goes far beyond cars and driving. Think
(27:46):
of the following. Let's say that you have a really
large farm out there. The irrigation policy for the day
is determined by the level of humanity and the soil
moisture content. But you need to have that information in
real time to be able to understand exactly what should
be the drip big irrigation policy for today. So we
can start to use data collected from many more senses
(28:06):
to make more informed decisions. And another industry this could
transform is manufacturing. Reliability matters. You want to just lose
maybe one message out of a million messages or something
of that sort. You're trying to control an industrial robot.
Latency matters. You want to actually have a responsive system
that can react in milliseconds fraction of a second. Really,
(28:27):
we work with them first, and so how can we
help you in this process? And the answers that we've
got is with wireless communication, there's so much of data
that we collect. Now we can locally process it, possibly
add some AI algorithms on top of it, right in
the manufacturing flow to figure out what is happening, quality control,
quality analysis, overall improvement in the efficiency. What Turger is
(28:48):
talking about is also known as edge computing. It's computation
that can happen in those small cells Andrea mentioned earlier
without wasting time and energy by going all the way
up to the cloud. As you're collecting large amounts of
data from a large number of entities, you say, okay,
I'm beginning to see a macro pattern over here. Maybe
there's a problem there that's a diagnostics issue, or maybe
(29:10):
this is my strategy over here that's a scheduling issue.
And so there is this confluence of five G n
AI that occurs in the background. This local computation, combined
with much higher data rates, could unlock the potential of
yet another technology that has been long talked about and
not yet fully adopted, virtual reality. With the amount of
(29:30):
data that needs to be processed today for we are.
It's a rather multi looking thing. That's because a lot
of processing is done on it. Now, what if you
actually have a much thinner form factor. Ideally, in fact,
what you really ought to be thinking of as you're
wearing something that looks like sunglasses the return of Google Eggs,
(29:51):
but seriously just sunglasses, and it has five G connectivity
and some limited processing power over there, so that it's
kind of really light, but it's outsourcing the rest of
the processing to a server that's located right next to it,
are very close to it. Now you can start thinking
about virtual telepresence VR capabilities. You can do exactly the
(30:11):
same with air as well collaborative workplaces wherein you have
three or four individuals and three continents, for example, they're
all looking at the same object, but using air they're
able to augment their reality wherever they are located based
upon what the other person is doing in a different location.
These applications are full of promise for the world of business.
(30:33):
But we talked earlier in the episode about the importance
of access to affordable and reliable connection for everyone, and
I want to Durger's take on how to avoid a
future built with a few you know, one of the
things that from Calcom we are very interested in is
making sure that we have broadband capabilities across the U S.
So rural broadband is something that's of importance to us.
(30:55):
That's where fixed wireless access applications come in. Fixed wireless
excess is one of the big promises of five G. Essentially,
it's the combination of those small cells and multiple antenna
techniques that we talked about to send fast connectivity wherever
it's needed without having to lay down expensive fibroctic cable.
The ability to bring hundreds of megabits per second connectivity
(31:19):
to rural households, to city halls and communities out in
the rural areas very promising. The technology is there. We
have to now make sure that there are the right
kinds of policies and incentives to make it happen in
the rural areas. But the technology has been built to
make it happen exactly that way. It wasn't something that
was easily possible with four G or three G before,
but with five GV have the technology. As Dagger said,
(31:44):
none of us can look into the future, but we
can look at the trend lines and on this time tomorrow,
we will follow those trend lines in search of the
adjacent possible. Available now from my Heart a new series
presented by Tembile for business, The Restless Ones join host
(32:05):
Johnson Strickland as he explores the upcoming five Year Revolution
and the business leaders who stand right on the cutting edge.
There are certain decision makers who are restless. They know
there is a better way to get things done, and
they're ready, curious and excited for the next technological innovation
to unlock their vision of the future. These restless ones
are in pursuit of bigger, better, smarter, stronger. They seek
(32:30):
new partners, new strategies, new processes. They pursue innovative platforms
and solutions to propel their teams, businesses, and industries forward.
In each episode, we'll learn more from the Restless Ones
themselves and dive deep into how they think of five
year Revolution could propel their business forward. The Restless Ones
is now available on the i Heart Radio app or
(32:52):
wherever you listen to podcasts. So Kara, we come to
the end of our first st episode of This Time tomorrow,
and we're going to keep trying to answer the questions
that the song poses. Ray Davies, was the lead singer
of The Kinks, said that the song is about going
(33:13):
into the unexpected, unexplored territory, what does the future hold
for us? I also like that we borrowed our title
from a song from the late sixties early seventies because
that error was such an exciting and fertile time for innovation.
There was Apollo eight, in the first man spaceship to
orbit the Moon and crucially returned to Earth. And in
(33:35):
one Intel released the first commercially available microprocessor, which basically
kicked off the personal computing revolution. And do you know
what happened in the Watergate here, Well, that was one thing.
There was also the first ever cell phone call, which
was demonstrated in New York City by the inventor Martin Cooper.
(33:56):
So it's a time of these great inventions that became
even more significant and helpful over time as they were
refined and we found uses for them that made them relevant.
So on this podcast, we're going to take everything we
do know about five G today, how it works, what
it might enable, and then extrapolate what kind of amazing
applications might be built on top of it. At the
(34:18):
same time, we're going to be cognizant that every new
technology brings risks as well as rewards. We're going to
keep privacy and access top of mind throughout all of
our conversations, and as we do so, we're going to
explore some of the applications that exist today but it
could be made better by five G, everything from virtual
reality to disaster relief to medicine, with some of the
(34:41):
best scientists and most creative business people in the world,
all in order to paint a picture of this time tomorrow.
On our next episode, we will explore how five G
could enable incredible new applications of virtual reality, transforming our
relationship with the world around us. We will learn how
(35:03):
the technology can be used and everything from helping long
term prisoners prepare for life on the outside to helping
astronauts train for missions in space. I'm asloshin see you
next time, no matter what you're after. T Mobile for
(35:27):
Business is here with a network born mobile and built
from the ground up for the next wave of innovation,
from mobile broadband to IoT to workforce mobility and everything
in between. T Mobile for Business is committed to helping
you move your business forward with the products and services
you need, as well as the dedicated, award winning customer
(35:47):
service you'd expect from America's most loved wireless company. Business
is changing. Learn more at T Mobile for business dot com.
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