February 25, 2025 • 16 mins
City of Tampa and Hillsborough County officials will be on hand Wednesday morning as a historic marker is dedicated to Zion Cemetery. The first cemetery for Tampa's Black residents during the segregation era was sold and erased from maps and public knowledge, even though bodies were found at the site decades later. Part of the graveyard was incorporated into the Robles Park Village public housing complex. Its rediscovery in 2019 led to a campaign to uncover the area's hidden Black gravesites of the 20th century. We speak with Fred Hearns, Black History Curator at the Tampa Bay History Center, and president of the Zion Cemetery's preservation society about the site's past and future.
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Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Gordon Bird here Beyond the News. The city of Tampa
is dedicating a historic marker this week at the site
of Tampa's first cemetery for its black residents, and that
was erased nearly a century ago, and that history is
part of what's being commemorated. Fred Hearns is with the
Tampa Bay History Center and he is also president of
(00:21):
the Zion Cemetery Preservation and Maintenance Society, and he's been
very involved in these efforts to remember and to preserve
Zion Cemetery and its heritage. Fred Hearns, welcome to Beyond
the News.
Speaker 2 (00:37):
Thank you, Gordon. I appreciate the opportunity.
Speaker 1 (00:40):
Well, now, the case of Zion Cemetery has been in
the news for several years, and really it was the
first that brought to public attention the disappearance of historic
black cemeteries, particularly in the Tampa Bay area. And a
lot of people have been following the events and the
developments in this case for you years. But for those
(01:01):
who weren't here or haven't been following the issue, could
you give us a quick recap of how Zion vanished
from the map and was rediscovered.
Speaker 2 (01:10):
Well, the Zign Cemetery was established in nineteen oh one,
and through the nineteen twenties there were burials there, primarily
African Americans, and there were adults as well as a
number of children. Hundreds of bodies were buried there in
Tampa Heights, near the intersection of Florida Avenue and what
(01:33):
is now MLK, very close to that intersection. But in
the late nineteen twenties the land was used for commercial purposes,
not all of it, but some of it was. And
then there was a neighborhood, a community of African Americans
who built homes and lived in that area, adjacent to
(01:56):
and perhaps on top of, some of the graves. Atone
in the late nineteen forties, those residents, by notice of
eminent domain, were told that they would have to leave
the area and relocate somewhere else, and they were replaced
by public housing development named Roebos Park, and so this
(02:19):
became federal land federal property. Hood built public housing for
senior citizen white citizens who lived in the public housing
there for a number of years. When public housing became
desegregated in the nineteen sixties, black families began moving in
and soon it was pretty much almost entirely a Black
(02:43):
community Robel's Park public housing starting in the nineteen fifties.
There were some people at that time who were aware
that the housing was built on a cemetery, and there
also were some commercial buildings on Florida Avenue that were
built on the cemetery. There were some people who knew that,
but they were told by officials who came in and
(03:07):
did an assessment of the area that all of those
graves of black people had been moved, that they were
no longer there, and so the construction went on, the
public housing was built. Those buildings are still standing there
today in twenty twenty five, however, the Tampa Housing Authority
plans very soon to knock down all of those buildings.
(03:31):
They've already vacated the area. No one's living there in
the public housing area. The businesses on Florida Avenue are
still there. But thanks to the City of Tampa Mayor
Jane Caster, who has been working with the private parties
and with the Tampa Housing Authorities tremendous support, the Tampa
(03:54):
Housing Authority has really led the effort to bring all
of this together so that all of that and one
day can be assembled under our nonprofit Zion Cemetery Preservation
and Maintenance Society, and then a proper memorial site can
be developed first class and also a genealogy center. Those
(04:15):
are the plans of the Zion Cemetery Preservation and Maintenance Society.
So we're looking forward to some movement in that area
in twenty twenty five. And we're looking forward also to
this historic marker dedication coming up this week.
Speaker 1 (04:31):
And what And we'll expand a little bit more on
those future plans in a moment, But what does this
marker that's going up this week do in terms of
the preservation of the site and the preservation of the
history and what was involved in that.
Speaker 2 (04:47):
Well, the market will do several things. First of all,
it will identify the site of the cemetery. Currently, there
is a banner, very colorful banner, in the thirty seven
hundred block of North Floyd Avenue that identifies that site
as the Zion Cemetery. I'm sure the vast majority of
people in this community who've heard about Zion really didn't
(05:10):
know where it was. But now we have a banner,
very colorful banner, identifying the site. And when the marker
is unveiled later this week, it will give information about
what happened there, how Zion was pretty much erased, and
how you know, over the years, people just sort of
(05:32):
forgot that it was there. But thanks to Ray Reid,
who was the man who did the research, who examined
hundreds of death certificates, all which said that the buried
persons were at the Zion Cemetery. But Ray had no
idea where Zion Cemetery was, and he inquired of a
(05:54):
number of people in the community where Zign Cemetery it
does anyone knows where Zign Cemetery is And eventually we
did discover that, Wow, it's right here at the Robos
Park Village site. So the marker goes into some detail
as to the history of the site and what happened
and how it was erased, and it I think gives
(06:18):
some valuable information that people need to know about Zion.
You can't read it as you're driving north on Florida Avenue,
but you can see the marker and hopefully people will
get a little closer and read what the marker says,
and then they will know. You know, a lot of
the story that we've been telling for the last six
(06:38):
years about the site.
Speaker 1 (06:40):
And you mentioned that there are some extensive plans for
the future of the site. Some of those I assume
are pending what happens to resolve the situation with the
other landowners, but already they've been well developed, and you mentioned,
for example, the genealogy ce and all of these activities
are going to be surrounding what's going to be going
(07:00):
on in Zion Cemetery. So if you could expand a
little bit about what's going to be what the full
plan is for this site.
Speaker 2 (07:09):
Well, the Tampa Housing Authority again is redeveloping that entire area,
and so the residents have all been relocated from Robos
Park religion, no one's living there now. They're going to
tear down all of those buildings. They're going to be
replaced by beautiful new housing. And I don't work for
the Tampa Housing Authorities, so I don't know all of
(07:30):
the details, but I do know that they're going to
replace the existing housing with modern housing. And the people
who most recently lived at Robles Park will have the
first right of refusal to return to the new Robals
Park development if they choose to and live in the community,
(07:53):
along with people who I'm sure did not live there.
Before who will be coming to that area. I don't
have the detail exactly how many apartments going to be built,
of what the new population will be, but it will
be an improvement over what had been there previously. And
as I mentioned, a genealogy center. Now, that is something
(08:15):
that has never existed before in the black community in Tampa,
but the Tampa Housing Authority, Lever Moore, chief operating officer,
told us early on that that was one of the
things that he would like to see to accompany the
memorial site, so that when people come and pay their
respects to those persons who are buried at Zion Cemetery,
(08:39):
if they choose to, they can also go right next door,
right in the same area, to a proposed genealogy center,
where there'll be people there who can assist them in
doing research into their family history and trace the lineage
of their ancestors. And that would be I think, a wonderful,
(09:00):
wonderful addition to this community and to the city of Tampa.
And so those are some of the plans that we have,
along with having a water feature, you know, flowing water
represents life. We want to pay tribute to the people
who are buried there, and give them the respect that
they are due. We interviewed several residents years ago when
(09:24):
Zion was first rediscovered, and almost everyone who I interviewed
at some point or the other use that word respect
or they felt that the people beared there had been
disrespected along with their family members. So, as I always say,
it's never too late to do the right thing. So
that is what the Zion Cemetery Preservation and Maintenance Society
(09:47):
is all about, doing what we can to pay the
respect that's due. And again we have to give a
lot of credit to the Tampa Housing Authority for their
leadership in our efforts.
Speaker 1 (10:00):
We do not have the exact numbers on hand, and
that's quite understandable. Are have you been able to establish
Have there been a lot of Have there been many
families that knew that or perhaps didn't know that their
family members ancestors were buried at Zion Cemetery who were
(10:22):
able to re establish a connection to that site.
Speaker 2 (10:27):
We have one member of our board, Attorney Geraldine's Williams,
who has an ancestor buried at Zion and we have,
you know, put out a search and we put the
word out and I think with the dedication of this
thought marker on tomorrow with the media coverage that will
(10:49):
help us get the word out that if there are
persons who know that they have ancestors buried at Zion,
we would like to know who they are. We have
not found a number of people who who falled in
that category. There have been a few that we've spoken to,
and we certainly want for them to be at the
ceremony and for them to stay in touch with us.
(11:10):
But you know, it's been over one hundred years since
the last burial. We have a record of the last
barrel there, so I'm sure many of the family members,
the descendants possibly have moved from this area lost contact
with their ancestors. So we're still looking and we're hoping
that more people will come forward who can trace their
(11:33):
lineage to the Zion site. We do have a banner
with the names of hundreds of people who are buried
at Zion on display at the site currently that's very
close to where the market is, and we also have
some of those names on display a portion of that
banner here at the Tampa Bay History Center. And the
(11:54):
interesting thing that I talk about when I do tours
here at the History Center is concerning the Spotford family.
Many people who lived in Tampa for a number of
years may be familiar with the Spotford name. Audrey Spotford,
whose name is on the Lee Davis Service Center on
our twenty second Street in East Tampa, a very popular family,
(12:18):
and the Spotfords are ancestors of Trayvon Martin's mother, Trayvon Martin,
that's the name I think many people would recognize. His mother,
Sabrina Fulton, is a Spotford and the Spotford name is
among those on the banner at the ZIGN site. And
(12:38):
we did have some USF professors who did the research
and found out that yes, indeed, Trayvon Martin has ancestors
buried here in Tampa. And I'm sure there are probably
other names that would resonate with people. So we are
inviting people who think they may have ancestors buried at
Zion it did exist the cemetery for some twenty years
(13:03):
in the early nineteen hundreds to contact us and let
us know who they are.
Speaker 1 (13:08):
The rediscovery of Zion Cemetery led to the rediscovery of
other historic black cemetery sites that date from the segregation era.
What's the lesson forward? You're part of the Tampa Bay
History Center, and history is your specialty. What's the historic
lesson that the rediscovery of Zion and what followed or
(13:33):
what came before that. What's the historic lesson for future generations?
Speaker 2 (13:38):
Well, I think the lesson is twofold number one, that
racism comes in many forms, including the circumstances that surround
the living and the non living. And so while we
had segregated cemeteries and segregated restaurants, and you know, when
we lived in that world where there were actually two
(14:00):
worlds and one one black and one white. But those
of us who are sensitive to the importance of preserving
our history and celebrating our history, and having family reunions
and having a written record of your family's history, all
of those things are important. So I think we can
(14:21):
all do better. We know, based on research done by
doctor Aaron Kimberly at USF University of South Florida and
some of her graduate students, there could be as many
as forty of these cemeteries, now maybe not as large
as Zion. Zion could include up to seven hundred burials there.
(14:41):
We don't know the exact number, but several hundred people,
but there are many smaller areas near churches, for one
example of burials of black people who are for many reasons,
were not buried in a formal cemetery that was maybe
fenced off and recognized as a cemetery and just kind
(15:04):
of faded away from memory over the years, and people
who desired the real estate, whether it was a cemetery
or not, were involved in some of these situations where
the cemeteries of black people were not respected and those
burial sites were not celebrated as they should have been. So, yes,
(15:26):
Zion was the first one. And after Zion made the news,
then again researchers started looking in Penelas as well as
in Hillsborough County here in the Tampa Bay area, and
my goodness, almost forty were discovered. So we all have
got to do better. So the lesson is, we can't
(15:47):
ever let this happen again. And you know, we all
have that responsibility, black people, white people, we all have
that responsibility to make sure nothing like this ever happens again.
So now you know the state of Florida and there
are some federal authorities who are now taking steps to
(16:08):
make sure that these kinds of things don't happen again.
So you know there's a black cemetery network, a lot
of work is being done, a lot of funding, including
by the State of Florida, by Hillsborough County, and by
the City of Tampa supports our efforts and that's a
real plus. So you know, we've got a lot of
(16:28):
work ahead of us, but this is a major step
in the right direction with this market dedication and the
work that we're going to be doing to celebrate those
persons buried at the Zion Cemetery.
Speaker 1 (16:41):
Fred Hearns with the Tampa Bay History Center, President of
the Zion Cemetery Preservation and Maintenance Society, thank you very
much for joining us on beyond the News.
Speaker 2 (16:51):
Thank you, Gordon
Gordon Bird here Beyond the News. The city of Tampa
is dedicating a historic marker this week at the site
of Tampa's first cemetery for its black residents, and that
was erased nearly a century ago, and that history is
part of what's being commemorated. Fred Hearns is with the
Tampa Bay History Center and he is also president of
(00:21):
the Zion Cemetery Preservation and Maintenance Society, and he's been
very involved in these efforts to remember and to preserve
Zion Cemetery and its heritage. Fred Hearns, welcome to Beyond
the News.
Speaker 2 (00:37):
Thank you, Gordon. I appreciate the opportunity.
Speaker 1 (00:40):
Well, now, the case of Zion Cemetery has been in
the news for several years, and really it was the
first that brought to public attention the disappearance of historic
black cemeteries, particularly in the Tampa Bay area. And a
lot of people have been following the events and the
developments in this case for you years. But for those
(01:01):
who weren't here or haven't been following the issue, could
you give us a quick recap of how Zion vanished
from the map and was rediscovered.
Speaker 2 (01:10):
Well, the Zign Cemetery was established in nineteen oh one,
and through the nineteen twenties there were burials there, primarily
African Americans, and there were adults as well as a
number of children. Hundreds of bodies were buried there in
Tampa Heights, near the intersection of Florida Avenue and what
(01:33):
is now MLK, very close to that intersection. But in
the late nineteen twenties the land was used for commercial purposes,
not all of it, but some of it was. And
then there was a neighborhood, a community of African Americans
who built homes and lived in that area, adjacent to
(01:56):
and perhaps on top of, some of the graves. Atone
in the late nineteen forties, those residents, by notice of
eminent domain, were told that they would have to leave
the area and relocate somewhere else, and they were replaced
by public housing development named Roebos Park, and so this
(02:19):
became federal land federal property. Hood built public housing for
senior citizen white citizens who lived in the public housing
there for a number of years. When public housing became
desegregated in the nineteen sixties, black families began moving in
and soon it was pretty much almost entirely a Black
(02:43):
community Robel's Park public housing starting in the nineteen fifties.
There were some people at that time who were aware
that the housing was built on a cemetery, and there
also were some commercial buildings on Florida Avenue that were
built on the cemetery. There were some people who knew that,
but they were told by officials who came in and
(03:07):
did an assessment of the area that all of those
graves of black people had been moved, that they were
no longer there, and so the construction went on, the
public housing was built. Those buildings are still standing there
today in twenty twenty five, however, the Tampa Housing Authority
plans very soon to knock down all of those buildings.
(03:31):
They've already vacated the area. No one's living there in
the public housing area. The businesses on Florida Avenue are
still there. But thanks to the City of Tampa Mayor
Jane Caster, who has been working with the private parties
and with the Tampa Housing Authorities tremendous support, the Tampa
(03:54):
Housing Authority has really led the effort to bring all
of this together so that all of that and one
day can be assembled under our nonprofit Zion Cemetery Preservation
and Maintenance Society, and then a proper memorial site can
be developed first class and also a genealogy center. Those
(04:15):
are the plans of the Zion Cemetery Preservation and Maintenance Society.
So we're looking forward to some movement in that area
in twenty twenty five. And we're looking forward also to
this historic marker dedication coming up this week.
Speaker 1 (04:31):
And what And we'll expand a little bit more on
those future plans in a moment, But what does this
marker that's going up this week do in terms of
the preservation of the site and the preservation of the
history and what was involved in that.
Speaker 2 (04:47):
Well, the market will do several things. First of all,
it will identify the site of the cemetery. Currently, there
is a banner, very colorful banner, in the thirty seven
hundred block of North Floyd Avenue that identifies that site
as the Zion Cemetery. I'm sure the vast majority of
people in this community who've heard about Zion really didn't
(05:10):
know where it was. But now we have a banner,
very colorful banner, identifying the site. And when the marker
is unveiled later this week, it will give information about
what happened there, how Zion was pretty much erased, and
how you know, over the years, people just sort of
(05:32):
forgot that it was there. But thanks to Ray Reid,
who was the man who did the research, who examined
hundreds of death certificates, all which said that the buried
persons were at the Zion Cemetery. But Ray had no
idea where Zion Cemetery was, and he inquired of a
(05:54):
number of people in the community where Zign Cemetery it
does anyone knows where Zign Cemetery is And eventually we
did discover that, Wow, it's right here at the Robos
Park Village site. So the marker goes into some detail
as to the history of the site and what happened
and how it was erased, and it I think gives
(06:18):
some valuable information that people need to know about Zion.
You can't read it as you're driving north on Florida Avenue,
but you can see the marker and hopefully people will
get a little closer and read what the marker says,
and then they will know. You know, a lot of
the story that we've been telling for the last six
(06:38):
years about the site.
Speaker 1 (06:40):
And you mentioned that there are some extensive plans for
the future of the site. Some of those I assume
are pending what happens to resolve the situation with the
other landowners, but already they've been well developed, and you mentioned,
for example, the genealogy ce and all of these activities
are going to be surrounding what's going to be going
(07:00):
on in Zion Cemetery. So if you could expand a
little bit about what's going to be what the full
plan is for this site.
Speaker 2 (07:09):
Well, the Tampa Housing Authority again is redeveloping that entire area,
and so the residents have all been relocated from Robos
Park religion, no one's living there now. They're going to
tear down all of those buildings. They're going to be
replaced by beautiful new housing. And I don't work for
the Tampa Housing Authorities, so I don't know all of
(07:30):
the details, but I do know that they're going to
replace the existing housing with modern housing. And the people
who most recently lived at Robles Park will have the
first right of refusal to return to the new Robals
Park development if they choose to and live in the community,
(07:53):
along with people who I'm sure did not live there.
Before who will be coming to that area. I don't
have the detail exactly how many apartments going to be built,
of what the new population will be, but it will
be an improvement over what had been there previously. And
as I mentioned, a genealogy center. Now, that is something
(08:15):
that has never existed before in the black community in Tampa,
but the Tampa Housing Authority, Lever Moore, chief operating officer,
told us early on that that was one of the
things that he would like to see to accompany the
memorial site, so that when people come and pay their
respects to those persons who are buried at Zion Cemetery,
(08:39):
if they choose to, they can also go right next door,
right in the same area, to a proposed genealogy center,
where there'll be people there who can assist them in
doing research into their family history and trace the lineage
of their ancestors. And that would be I think, a wonderful,
(09:00):
wonderful addition to this community and to the city of Tampa.
And so those are some of the plans that we have,
along with having a water feature, you know, flowing water
represents life. We want to pay tribute to the people
who are buried there, and give them the respect that
they are due. We interviewed several residents years ago when
(09:24):
Zion was first rediscovered, and almost everyone who I interviewed
at some point or the other use that word respect
or they felt that the people beared there had been
disrespected along with their family members. So, as I always say,
it's never too late to do the right thing. So
that is what the Zion Cemetery Preservation and Maintenance Society
(09:47):
is all about, doing what we can to pay the
respect that's due. And again we have to give a
lot of credit to the Tampa Housing Authority for their
leadership in our efforts.
Speaker 1 (10:00):
We do not have the exact numbers on hand, and
that's quite understandable. Are have you been able to establish
Have there been a lot of Have there been many
families that knew that or perhaps didn't know that their
family members ancestors were buried at Zion Cemetery who were
(10:22):
able to re establish a connection to that site.
Speaker 2 (10:27):
We have one member of our board, Attorney Geraldine's Williams,
who has an ancestor buried at Zion and we have,
you know, put out a search and we put the
word out and I think with the dedication of this
thought marker on tomorrow with the media coverage that will
(10:49):
help us get the word out that if there are
persons who know that they have ancestors buried at Zion,
we would like to know who they are. We have
not found a number of people who who falled in
that category. There have been a few that we've spoken to,
and we certainly want for them to be at the
ceremony and for them to stay in touch with us.
(11:10):
But you know, it's been over one hundred years since
the last burial. We have a record of the last
barrel there, so I'm sure many of the family members,
the descendants possibly have moved from this area lost contact
with their ancestors. So we're still looking and we're hoping
that more people will come forward who can trace their
(11:33):
lineage to the Zion site. We do have a banner
with the names of hundreds of people who are buried
at Zion on display at the site currently that's very
close to where the market is, and we also have
some of those names on display a portion of that
banner here at the Tampa Bay History Center. And the
(11:54):
interesting thing that I talk about when I do tours
here at the History Center is concerning the Spotford family.
Many people who lived in Tampa for a number of
years may be familiar with the Spotford name. Audrey Spotford,
whose name is on the Lee Davis Service Center on
our twenty second Street in East Tampa, a very popular family,
(12:18):
and the Spotfords are ancestors of Trayvon Martin's mother, Trayvon Martin,
that's the name I think many people would recognize. His mother,
Sabrina Fulton, is a Spotford and the Spotford name is
among those on the banner at the ZIGN site. And
(12:38):
we did have some USF professors who did the research
and found out that yes, indeed, Trayvon Martin has ancestors
buried here in Tampa. And I'm sure there are probably
other names that would resonate with people. So we are
inviting people who think they may have ancestors buried at
Zion it did exist the cemetery for some twenty years
(13:03):
in the early nineteen hundreds to contact us and let
us know who they are.
Speaker 1 (13:08):
The rediscovery of Zion Cemetery led to the rediscovery of
other historic black cemetery sites that date from the segregation era.
What's the lesson forward? You're part of the Tampa Bay
History Center, and history is your specialty. What's the historic
lesson that the rediscovery of Zion and what followed or
(13:33):
what came before that. What's the historic lesson for future generations?
Speaker 2 (13:38):
Well, I think the lesson is twofold number one, that
racism comes in many forms, including the circumstances that surround
the living and the non living. And so while we
had segregated cemeteries and segregated restaurants, and you know, when
we lived in that world where there were actually two
(14:00):
worlds and one one black and one white. But those
of us who are sensitive to the importance of preserving
our history and celebrating our history, and having family reunions
and having a written record of your family's history, all
of those things are important. So I think we can
(14:21):
all do better. We know, based on research done by
doctor Aaron Kimberly at USF University of South Florida and
some of her graduate students, there could be as many
as forty of these cemeteries, now maybe not as large
as Zion. Zion could include up to seven hundred burials there.
(14:41):
We don't know the exact number, but several hundred people,
but there are many smaller areas near churches, for one
example of burials of black people who are for many reasons,
were not buried in a formal cemetery that was maybe
fenced off and recognized as a cemetery and just kind
(15:04):
of faded away from memory over the years, and people
who desired the real estate, whether it was a cemetery
or not, were involved in some of these situations where
the cemeteries of black people were not respected and those
burial sites were not celebrated as they should have been. So, yes,
(15:26):
Zion was the first one. And after Zion made the news,
then again researchers started looking in Penelas as well as
in Hillsborough County here in the Tampa Bay area, and
my goodness, almost forty were discovered. So we all have
got to do better. So the lesson is, we can't
(15:47):
ever let this happen again. And you know, we all
have that responsibility, black people, white people, we all have
that responsibility to make sure nothing like this ever happens again.
So now you know the state of Florida and there
are some federal authorities who are now taking steps to
(16:08):
make sure that these kinds of things don't happen again.
So you know there's a black cemetery network, a lot
of work is being done, a lot of funding, including
by the State of Florida, by Hillsborough County, and by
the City of Tampa supports our efforts and that's a
real plus. So you know, we've got a lot of
(16:28):
work ahead of us, but this is a major step
in the right direction with this market dedication and the
work that we're going to be doing to celebrate those
persons buried at the Zion Cemetery.
Speaker 1 (16:41):
Fred Hearns with the Tampa Bay History Center, President of
the Zion Cemetery Preservation and Maintenance Society, thank you very
much for joining us on beyond the News.
Speaker 2 (16:51):
Thank you, Gordon
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Dateline NBC
Current and classic episodes, featuring compelling true-crime mysteries, powerful documentaries and in-depth investigations. Follow now to get the latest episodes of Dateline NBC completely free, or subscribe to Dateline Premium for ad-free listening and exclusive bonus content: DatelinePremium.com