693. Marc D'Antonio | 3I/Atlas Truths & Myths - Podcast UFO

Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:26):
Hello, this is Martin Willis your host, and welcome to
the show. I have Mark D'Antonio on tonight. We're going
to be talking about three i at lists and all
the mysterious myths and truths and what Mark has as
an astronomer, has looked into what's actually going on as
much data as we can collect at this time. A

(00:47):
couple of things. Unfortunately, it didn't work out last Tuesday,
something came up, the second time I've had to cancel
in all the years that I remember that I've been
doing the show in fourteen years. And then ironically today
Katie Page, who was scheduled for tonight, had to reschedule
because of a situation as well. So I've been scrambling

(01:09):
all day and then I thought, what a great topic
would be if we could talk about the three i
AT lists, because there's so much going around about that,
so much speculation and all that. So I contacted my
good friend Mark di'antonio, and he said, Shoa, he lived
in Maine as well. That's kind of the main accent.

(01:30):
He and I kind of do that when we're together,
by accidents sometimes. But anyway, I want to talk about
I had such a blast at the Exeter UFO Festival
this weekend. I was a speaker there and really enjoyed
meeting a bunch of people. There are probably some people
that are here, you know, watching tonight. I've had a
lot of cards and a couple of T shirts go

(01:52):
out the door, so I do believe there are may
be some new people that are listening in Hello to
your new people. And couple of things. Our guests last
week actually came down for a visit down on the
cape where I am right now, and we had a
good time yesterday. Jean and Natalia Stico and very sweet

(02:14):
lady opera singer, amazing opera singer. And Jeane has a
very interesting intelligence background. It was a lot of fun
hanging out with him yesterday. A couple of things. Here's
Charlie Faultz. I sat beside him on a panel this
weekend and this is I'm doing my presentation here, and
then this is the roundtable and I got to interview

(02:38):
this very interesting young woman about her UFO sighting, and
that's going to be released coming up on this Sunday.
It's an un edited version. Unfortunately, in the Exeter town Hall,
they have absolutely no place you can record anything, and
you could either go into a restroom or be in
that vendor room which I in and just have to

(03:01):
put up with a little bit of noise. But anyway,
it was a lot of fun. And so our blog
this week from Charles Leir is a nineteen eighty Brazilian
UFO abduction case. Check that out over at podcasts ufo
dot com where there's hundreds of blogs there's to read

(03:21):
for you, and of course our podcasts archives go back
to just about seven hundred or I believe over seven
hundred in total, and you can get to that through
our page as well. We do have merchandise over there.
You can support the show, and there's a way to
do that on Patreon, the links right there. And so

(03:41):
let's see, I think we're just about ready to bring in.
And when I say, my good friend Mark, we have
been pretty close friends for a number of years, and
we're going to be hanging We seem to hang out
at least two or three times a year somewhere, and
it was out of contact in the desert last time.
And we're both going up to shag Haba, right, Mark.

Speaker 2 (04:04):
Yeah, that's true, Martin. We're going to be at check Haba.

Speaker 1 (04:08):
That's right, And there is h Laurie Wickens. I love him.
He's a wonderful man. He's a you know, the number
one witness to Shag Harbor. He's still around and by golly,
he talks just like that. And I love the guy.
He's he's he's a lot of fun, real real nice guy,
real nice guy. And yeah, you're gonna have a lot
of fun up there, Mark. We're going to be doing

(04:29):
a tour bus, you know, in the location where the
events happened. And I got to tell you, the people
up there are the nicest. So that's coming up for
anyone interested in going to Uh it's right near Yarmouth, Nova, Scotia,
not too far away from there, and it is October,
second through the No, there's a third through the fifth,

(04:49):
I believe coming up on that.

Speaker 2 (04:51):
Weekend, approximately correct.

Speaker 1 (04:52):
I think I think it's approximately correct.

Speaker 2 (04:55):
Yea, No, No, I can't win. And I owe this
guy all the kudos for getting me in there, because
you're the one that told them about me, and so
I very much appreciate that. Yeah. So it's like, you know,
like I iim freaking dinner or something. I don't know.

Speaker 1 (05:11):
It's included anyway, but you can pretend you're buying it. Yeah, anyway,
So you do this great sky tour live stream and
that's free for anyone to watch, and you comment on
what you're looking up in the sky. We can talk
about that later. But so h jown up. You know
my better half end producer said, Oh, check out Mark's

(05:32):
posts on Facebook page about this three I atlas.

Speaker 2 (05:37):
Yeah, it's pretty extensive, wasn't It was a pretty long
you know what it was. You're hearing all this garbage
out there, and someone has to wade through the crap
and just give you the facts. Okay. And I just
got sick of people saying scientists say what scientists wear, Okay,

(06:00):
that this is an alien vessel coming in with hostile intentions. Okay,
they say. That's always the famous words they say, who's
they they? And who's saying.

Speaker 1 (06:13):
I've always wondered who they are because they have all
the information.

Speaker 2 (06:17):
They are so knowledgeable, aren't they? Yes, they say, yeah,
And you know, I've worked with Abby lob And on
TV shows and stuff, and you know he's a good
guy and a friend, I think to me, and so
you know he's has not said that it's an alien spacecraft.

(06:38):
He's not said that. He's never said that. What he
is very careful to say, and what should be said,
is this is another interstellar object, kind of like Borisov,
which came in before Jesus. I guess some of you
don't know about that one. That was two I Borisov,
and before that was one I.

Speaker 1 (06:56):
Oh.

Speaker 2 (06:57):
Okay, Well, first of all, they get the shapes wrong
all the time. They got the shape wrong on a muamu,
and people still think it was a long thin spindle.
It wasn't. It was a pancake. It was like this, Okay,
And so with the three I at lists already they're
saying it's a long thin spindle. They're making it into
a muamo again and at least the way it wasn't originally.

(07:19):
And they're saying that it has lights on it. No,
it does not. Okay, it's reflecting light of the Sun. Okay.
It's inside the orbit of Jupiter right now. Okay, maybe
closer to Mars, right but it's passing Jupiter. It's going
to pass Mars, and on the way out it's going
to pass Venus, which will have gone around by that time.

(07:40):
And that's interesting see that's the part that would make
an astrophysicist say, that's how we might program the course
of a pro Right, So is it possible that maybe
this probe iste intelligence of some kind and from an

(08:00):
intelligence of some kind. And the answer you can't say
definitively no, you know, everybody says no, no such thing
as UFOs. Really, well, tell all these several million people
on the planet that have definitively seen something other than
a satellite, okay in the sky. All right, so obviously

(08:21):
these things are worthy of study. And I think it's
outrageous for people to just dismiss things out of hand.
I've had my share of that in academia, right, I've
been fighting the arrogance in academia for decades. Okay, Now,
I haven't faced it in my particular schooling. I've faced

(08:44):
it in other people's schooling and in the resultant opinions
they have as a resultant. But you know, so, yes,
that article was meant to just say, Okay, once and
for all, this is what we know. It is not
a spacecraft that we can't tell that right at this point.
Maybe it is, but we can't tell what they don't

(09:05):
They don't want to hear.

Speaker 1 (09:06):
That it is doing some weird stuff. You have to
admit that, like, you know, it's throwing off nickel, but
there's no iron, which is very strange because nickel and
iron should be together, and it's gassing and reverse. Right.

Speaker 2 (09:24):
Yeah, there there's a carbon dioxide coma around it that
is far more extensive than what we're used to seeing
with comets. With a comet you might get three to
four percent of carbon dioxide emission, and in this one
we're getting almost the bulk of it. Is this carbon dioxide. Now,
to be fair, to be fair, we've never had a

(09:46):
comet come through that came from the galactic disc. I mean,
our galactic disc has a bulge in the middle and
then it tapers out to a disc and you have
spiral arms in here. Okay, Well, if the comet was
created inside the disc and then migrated to us, like
you know, just about you know, just under two thirds
of the way out from the central bulge, well then

(10:09):
maybe it makes sense for carbon dioxide to be more prevalent.
Maybe it makes sense for it to be extremely old.
And right now the age estimates are somewhere around seven
billion years old. Now that's just that's more than half
the age of the universe at thirteen point eight, So

(10:29):
it means that this thing's been tooling around potentially for
seven billion years. A lot happens in seven billion years.
You know, you can have cosmic rays striking the surface
of this object over and over and over all this time.
Maybe that's part of the reason why there's so much
CO two because on comments you have carbon carbon molecules,

(10:53):
you have cn just cyanogen, you know, carbon and nitrogen
atoms and cyanogen meaning cyanide, okay, which explains the comet
pills being sold when Haley's comet came around the first time, Okay,
because they we thought we might collide with Haley's tail
and fully atmospherefual of cyanide and die. But these comet

(11:17):
pills will keep you safe. Yeah yeah, so yeah. So
commets have these different compounds, and it's possible that the
long term bombardment by cosmic rays may have changed the
composition on the surface of the comet. And it's possible
that as it's getting closer to and I keep calling
it a comet, I'm just saying that because at this

(11:39):
point that's what it looks like Okay. It doesn't look
like a typical comet though, and that's I grant you,
and I think that's the most interesting part. So as
it gets closer, the sun is going to heat the surface.
And remember this has been out in deep space where
the temperature has been close to absolute zero, and now
it's reaching a point where maybe it's slightly above absolute zero,

(12:01):
maybe ten degrees or ten kelvin above absolute zero or more,
meaning that that's a huge amount of increase in temperature
relative to what has been used to So now that
surface might be outgassing and starting to push stuff off, okay,
And the material coming out forward of the comet is

(12:23):
interesting because it indicates that there's a powerful force that's
driving it forward, because the comet's coming in at one
hundred and thirty seven thousand miles per hour, but there's
nothing blowing that stuff back other than the feeble solar
wind okay, at that distance, and so the force pushing

(12:44):
forward is enough to force these particles forward to the
comet maybe and make this aura of carbon dioxide. And
we have this strange nickel composition that's really strange. Maybe
the iron is in the surf material somewhere and for
some reason it's not been released at this point. I

(13:06):
don't know. Again, it is a enigma wrapped in a mystery,
surrounded by a conundrum. So I'm fully aware that this
object is very strange. It's not like any comet we've
actually seen. But then again, we haven't ever seen a
Solar System comet that was an interstellar comet that came
in from the galactic disc. Because remember the galactic dis

(13:27):
is where all the action happens, right, That's where stars
are made and die. So a lot going on there.

Speaker 1 (13:33):
And it's is a carbon dioxide. Also that it's gassing,
which is kind of unusual, right.

Speaker 2 (13:40):
Yeah, you do, As I mentioned, in a regular comet,
you might see three or four percent of carbon dioxide,
you know, but in this comet, it's the vast majority
is carbon dioxide. I don't know the exact number, but
it's way way more into the vast majority column. And
that makes it up right after bat.

Speaker 1 (14:01):
Yeah, So if you take something like let's just say,
and this is a layman talking, just keep in mind,
if you take like say nickel, and you put nickel
in absolute zero, what type of it? Does it have
certain effects to it? I know, that. I remember being
a kid and watching a science program on TV where

(14:21):
they took a rubber ball and they put it in absolute
zero and it just shattered in like glass, you know
what I mean. So does nickel have anything happen to it?
Or does it just remain stable?

Speaker 2 (14:33):
It just becomes cold nickel?

Speaker 1 (14:35):
Okay, okay, all right.

Speaker 2 (14:36):
Yeah. Actually that's the thing about deep cold. Deep cold
tends to preserve objects and prevent them from making a
lot of changes. There's many changes that are accomplished via
high temperature, and when you have something in deep freeze,
it's sort of preserved and stays there. There's the molecules

(14:58):
are moving so little that they can't or.

Speaker 1 (15:01):
At all are they Are they still moving?

Speaker 2 (15:03):
Oh yeah, they're still moving, but very very very very little.
So instead of doing this, they're doing this. Okay, a
little bit, and that little bit is enough to just
you know, keep them vibrating at the lowest ebb of
molecular energy. But they still can't do things like bounce
into each other. Change, we can become something different.

Speaker 1 (15:26):
You can't split an atom at that.

Speaker 2 (15:29):
That's why that's why fission projects or andi fission reactors
are also so hot. Need cooling.

Speaker 1 (15:36):
Yeah, that's right, okay. And so here's a question from
anonymous resh. Do you think that NASA has been transparent
with the information.

Speaker 2 (15:47):
NASA actually has been remarkably transparent because they also don't
know anything about it. There's really not much more they
can do other than look at the spectrum, you know,
and and and for people that don't understand what that means,
when people say, what's the composition, how do we know? Well,
the light coming from a comet, or light coming from

(16:08):
a star, or anything, even reflected light off the moon
will present to us a spectrum. A spectrum is red, orange, yellow, green, blue,
wind to go in violet, all the colors we see
with our visible spectrum. Far off the red is the infrared,
and far off the violet is the ultra violet, and
so forth X rays way way out there cause of

(16:28):
grays way out there. Okay. So in terms of the spectrum,
what happens with the light is that, based on what
is coming off the comet, all right, the reflected sunlight
will come back minus a few things, minus a few

(16:49):
slots in that light spectrum. And what comes back is
sort of a dark band. And that dark band, all right,
is something called an absorption line. It's like we're some
of the energy of what was in the comets halo
absorbed energy, and so you just see sort of a
dark vertical band in the spectrum. And the nice thing
is in chemistry, those dark vertical bands are in specific

(17:11):
places for specific elements, for specific compounds. You can't miss them. Okay.
We know their position to the nanometer, okay, and so
they're always there. And if they're coming toward us at
high speed, they're shifted a little bit towards the blue end,
and if they're going away from us at high speed,
they're shifted toward the red end.

Speaker 1 (17:31):
Okay.

Speaker 2 (17:32):
So that process is something we can read. We can
look at the composition of comets by looking at the
light coming from it, and so we do, and we
can see what's going on in here. That's how we
know there's nickel. That's how we know there's carbon dioxide compounds.
That's how we know there's some cyanogen and carboxyl in carboxyl,
you know, radicals. We know that there's all this stuff

(17:55):
in there because we can see the spectrum.

Speaker 1 (17:59):
Yeah, isn't that that great? Well's say we have a question,
did I did I hear there was cyanide to detected?

Speaker 2 (18:05):
Yes, cinaide is cyanogen cn carbon and nitrogen. Yeah, okay, yeah,
and most comments, most comments have a wealth of cyanogen
as well, So you know this one is uh, as
far as I could see, not not particularly showing a
copious amount of it, but that could be because the
carbon acid's overwhelming.

Speaker 1 (18:26):
And I see. So yeah, I have a bunch of
questions as we go here, but when people are putting
in questions, I'll put them up for you. Why do
you think NASA hasn't decided to redirect Juno to study three?

Speaker 2 (18:38):
I alas, Actually that's a that was a good suggestion
AVI had. He said, why don't we have Juno? Uh,
just retasked, because Juno is going to be deorbited in
September or so, and they're just going to send it
into Jupiter's atmosphere to die of fiery death because they
don't want to pollute Europa or Ganymede or Galisto or
one of the other moons just in case. I mean,

(19:01):
it's sort of like Roddenberry's prime director from Star Trek there, Okay,
you know, do no harm, just you know, don't don't,
don't leave nothing but your footprints kind of thing. Right. Well, anyway,
Juno is actually somewhat remarkably well suited to looking at
three eye at lists. Now, could it show us more

(19:23):
than the James Web? I think so? You know, Juno
can look at at the object and possibly see some
structure that we couldn't see because Juno will be much
closer to it relatively speaking. It's still gonna be millions
of miles away, but we're many, many millions of miles
away right now. Okay, so the James Webb Space Telescope

(19:47):
was able to show this object as sort of a blur.
I think you used. I think you have those images
of the James Web view of three eye olists, right.

Speaker 1 (19:59):
Yes, I have. I do have to get to them,
but I don't have the four of them. I just
have the one. But I wanted to ask you let's
talk about the the Atlas telescope and things I'm named
like was named right from the observation in Hawaii, the observatory.

Speaker 2 (20:21):
And yes, the messenger is a messenger from the stars. Yeah.

Speaker 1 (20:26):
Uh? And what what about the Atlas? Is that? Where
is that located?

Speaker 2 (20:30):
Uh? Yeah, let's let me think about that. It's the
Asteroid Terrestrial Impact Last Alert System.

Speaker 1 (20:43):
Oh my god, well, good for you.

Speaker 2 (20:47):
It's a robotic system, okay. Uh. And it's designed to
look for near Earth objects that could be of danger
to us. And you know, so this there's there's telescopes
around the world to do this. There's I think there's
a couple in Hawaii, there's one in Chile, one in

(21:08):
South Africa, and so all part of the OUTLAS network.
So these are all looking out in all different directions
at night in order to survey the night sky and
look for these dangerous objects. Now ATLAS, you know, you
know how we have our remote telescopes in the Arizona Desert, right, Okay,

(21:29):
I've got one a wide field system which looks at
vast tracks of sky and that's in the Sonoran Desert
west of Phoenix by about eighty miles. And then Don
and Benson I have a narrow field system with a
high resolution camera. Well it's with that one we actually
took a picture of three Eyeatlis. I have a photograph. Yeah,
it's not very remarkable because three eye Aatlis is tiny.

(21:50):
In the frame, you see a tiny dash of like
a tiny dash because it's a time exposure and three
iyeatlis was going at the time something like one point
four to seven arc seconds per minute. Now what does
that mean. It means it's a very very small amount
of sky every minute. So we had to do a

(22:10):
fairly long exposure of the night sky to catch multiple
shots of it traveling through the field, and we caught
a small dash of it, and it's it's really cool
to see it. But there's our innterloper right there, you know.
So we're on top of things. So you know, these
the Atlas telescopes were actually very good at looking for

(22:33):
these small interlopers. And now Atlice is actually not that small.
It could actually be anywhere from a quarter of a
mile in size to a little bit larger, I mean,
maybe ten miles, so we're talking about anywhere in between.
We don't know yet. And we also don't know the shape.

(22:55):
So if you see something that looks like a long spindle,
ignore it. We don't know. It's probably more like a
rocky shape. Okay, more like a round object.

Speaker 1 (23:04):
You know, this is exactly what the James Webb took right.

Speaker 2 (23:08):
Oh that is not complete with the text of him.

Speaker 1 (23:11):
Yeah, yeah, no, we got this here. And there's another
one I just said. I'm not able to upload it
for some reason. But here here's the thing. I read
something I wanted to see. You know. You mentioned av
Lowe and by the way, I tried to get him
on the show and he said, no, I was on
your show, not that long ago. And I said, no,
you weren't. I sent you an email not that long ago,

(23:32):
but you were not on the show. I was supposed
to see him at some event or whatever. And yeah, anyway,
long story short, he's so busy he just couldn't come on.
He's been on other people's show, but not mine this time. So,
but so I wanted to read what he had to
say about his latest and he is saying, now they
think it might be up to forty six kilometers. Why,

(23:53):
I don't know if this is like very like in
the last day or two that he came out with that,
And how do you suppose they can even guess at
that distance what the size of this thing is? I mean,
is it. I'm sure there's some type of science to it,
but it's yeah, we can't have to do with the
outgassing because you can't. It's not the you know, the

(24:15):
what am I trying to think? Cornea of it or
whatever the whatever?

Speaker 2 (24:18):
It's called the coma coma. Yeah, but the volume of
debris and the coma can kind of give a hint.

Speaker 1 (24:25):
I say, did I say cornea?

Speaker 2 (24:27):
You did? Okay? I wasn't. I wasn't you did? I
wasn't give you proud of No, it's okay, no. No.
The thing is the the coma or that that cloud
around the nucleus of the comma comma. I call it
a comma around a nucleus of the comet object or

(24:50):
commentary looking object. Its size depends on how much stuff
is in the middle, so we can engage and make
a rough estimate about the size of the the object
based on how much outgassing there is. But this comment is,
if it's a commet, it's very different. It's outgassing a
lot of stuff. It has nickel where we would expect

(25:11):
to see more than just nickel as carbon dioxide, where
we only expect to see a small percentage of that.
So it's acting differently than a normal comet would. So
that's why its origin is so important. Is this what
we can expect if we see more interstellar objects come
from the galactic disc like this, this is coming to

(25:32):
the plane of our solar system. That's a very very
slight chance, like pointing zero five percent or something, you know,
chance of that coming in at the plane of our
solar system, unless it's in the galactic disc, right, and
so then it could so Anyway, if we're getting three

(25:52):
interstellar objects over the last few years coming through our
solar system, and there's so many stars in our neighborhood,
you can imagine that interstellar objects are quite common.

Speaker 1 (26:05):
It's just we're now being able to detect them a
lot easier.

Speaker 2 (26:08):
Yes, then the Atlyts system is one that allows us
to detect them a lot easier. That's correct.

Speaker 1 (26:14):
Now, let me ask you something. This is a doomsday situation.
Let's just say this thing was heading right at us,
which you know the odds would be one in billions.
You know that it would happen. But let's just say
an object this size, so what we think might be
whatever size it is, is heading toward us. What would

(26:35):
we do.

Speaker 2 (26:37):
There's a couple of ways to divert an incoming object
that looks like it's on a collision course. And the
first thing we've noticed is that it didn't get taken
off the Century List. The Century List is a list
of potentially hazardous objects that could hurt the Earth, and
the Century List most of those objects that come on

(26:59):
as soon as they're found. They go off once they
figure out the orbit and realize, oh, it's not gonna
hit us. Okay. Apopus, for example, was thought to be
a problem a problem. It's not. They took it off
the list, okay, But let's suppose this one was gonna
hit us. It stayed on the Central list. Refinements of
the orbit show was definitely going to come in. Let's
say that's true. It's not. But let's say that's true. Okay,

(27:22):
it's gonna be millions of miles away from us. It's
gonna be farther from than the James Web by far.
So let's suppose that this object was going to hit us.
There's a couple of ideas in planning by NASA to
divert dangerous objects. One of them is to launch a

(27:42):
very large nuclear weapon at the center and obliterate it
boom and scatter into billions of tiny little pieces, and
those little pieces would hit the EUS atmosphere. Now, the
problem with that. There's always a problem with that, Okay.
The problem with that is that when they start the
atmosphere by the tens of millions, they'd heat up the atmosphere,

(28:05):
and it could raise the temperature in our atmosphere from
all these impacting meteoroids that are burning up, burning up,
burning up, releasing a little heat, releasing a little more heat,
over and over and over millions of times or more.
Could end up heating our atmosphere up to dangerous levels
for life in general. Okay. Wow, so that's one problem. Okay,

(28:26):
we don't want a bunch of little ones hitting us either.
So the other question is, well, maybe we don't have
to destroy it. Maybe we just have to nudge it.
And if you remember, there was this asteroid and this
asteroid that was a binary asteroid, it was dimorphous, okay,
and they sent a ship with a kinetic impact or

(28:49):
a big weight basically striking it to see if it
could change the orbit of the little asteroid going around
the big asteroid, and they changed it by way more
more than they thought they would. So it shows that
a kinetic impactor, that is an impact of moving at
a high speed with energy of motion and mass can
possibly nudge an asteroid or a comet just enough to

(29:14):
move it in its orbit so that it could miss us. Now,
the thing is, if they do it when it's close
to us, they have the nudget a heck of a
lot more than if they can do it far out
in the outer Solar System, because then the smallest nudge
of say a single two kilometers, would make it miss
the Earth by tens of thousands of miles if it

(29:36):
was going to be a direct hit, for instance. So
you want to catch it too, and so there's the nudge. Okay,
Then there's the other possibility. If we had the technology,
what we would do is we would actually land on
the surface of this comet or asteroid and deploy rockets,
and these rockets would start going and start thrusting, and

(30:01):
over time, these little rockets will push the object further away,
and so that's another way. So there's the nuclear weapon,
there's the nudge, and then there's the the the long
term nudge using rockets on the surface. Every one of
those I would I would actually opt for the kinetic

(30:22):
impactor because that way you get an immediate result and
you know it's gonna work. If the rockets, there's more
less to fail. In other words, with the rockets, right,
rockets running on the surface, Well those could you know,
Oh no the rocket failed, We're doomed. You know that
kind of thing.

Speaker 1 (30:38):
Yeah, I mean we did land on one, but I
mean that was amazing. But I mean, yeah, that was
There's so much that can go wrong. I get exactly
what you're saying. Yeah, here's another question here for you.
Does the mainstream astronomy still think commets are dirty snowballs?
What do they call them something else?

Speaker 2 (30:57):
Now, yeah, Tony, that's a good question. Here's the thing
that's interesting about comets. We said dirty snowballs, and what
does that mean? It means soils and dirt mixed in
with ice and stuff. Comets are primarily icy. But when
we talk about ice, we don't mean water ice. There's

(31:18):
a lot of water ice, yes, but there's carbon dioxide ice,
there's methane ice. There's other ices that are on a
comet surface that are bound up in soils and interstellar
dust that's accumulated and mixed in with the soil and
been frozen into a matrix. And as it gets near
to a star, well, those outer ices begin to sublimate off,

(31:40):
releasing the dust, which gives you that dusty coma around
the front of the comet, usually around the whole comet, right,
So in effect, there are still dirty snowballs with modification. Okay,
there's a very elaborate chemistry that goes on inside of comets.
I actually did a show one of our sky to

(32:01):
a radio shows, I think Martin. We're actually talking about
the composition of comets and how that evolves over time.
And so it's still the dirty snowball, but it's way
more complicated these days because there's more than just snowballs there.

Speaker 1 (32:21):
Well, we got a lot of questions in chat. I'm
going to put them up when I can, but I
just right off the bat, I wanted to say, what
makes a comet or whatever this is start to move?
Is it like a supernova or something that what makes
what propels it initially?

Speaker 2 (32:43):
That's a very good question. Let's look at our Solar
system first. Okay, let me get my microphone on my face.
We have our planets in a plane, okay, a circular plane, right,
that's called the ecliptic, the plane of the Solar system.
And then beyond that we have a region of icy
bodies called the Kuiper Belt. That's kui Per Kuiper Belt.

(33:05):
And beyond that there's something called an Ort BELTRT and
Ort belt which is also a belt. But then outside
all of it is a cloud, an orc cloud of
icy bodies, and these literally go almost halfway to Alpha
Centauri maybe a little more. Okay, this cloud. So our

(33:25):
solar system has a lot of stuff in its outer environs.
In over millions of years, a star because stars past
each other. We've gone around the galaxy nineteen and a
half time so far, and as we do, stars come
closed and we go by stars and they go buy us. Well,
as that happens, as a star passes near us, it'll

(33:45):
disturb that Orc cloud and you'll see stuff move around,
and then finally on the rebound that might start its
way on the long journey into our inner solar system
where it then goes around the Sun and goes back out.
And so a passing star can perturb or disturb the
orbit of a object out in the Ork cloud like that,

(34:07):
and thus it'll end up coming into our inner solar system.
All right. Now. The other thing that happen is there
could be collisions, but those are more rare. There's actually
you could go through the Orc Cloud and never see
an object. Okay, you could go through the Kiper Belt
and never see another object. Okay, So those are more rare.
But it's the gravitational interaction with nearby stars that actually

(34:31):
affects them. You know, it affects those things. Now let's
go to the interstellar object. Now that's an interesting one.

Speaker 1 (34:38):
Now.

Speaker 2 (34:38):
When I was getting my degree in astronomy, one of
the thesis I wrote was runaway b stars in our galaxy?
You know what I mean. It means they are hot,
young blue stars that for some reason are racing out
of the galaxy at high speed. WHOA how that happen? Well,
what it usually means is they interacted with a cluster
of stars or whatever and as they came by the

(35:00):
plus their stars, they got whipped out okay, and continued
on their way out of the galaxy. Okay. So that
was what I studied, was these runaway stars and fouled
a bunch of them. Now the question is can this
also happen to planets? Can this happen to comets and asteroids?
And the answer is yes. In Orion Orian right, Ryan

(35:23):
the hunter that beautiful consolation. Well, just below the belt
is a fuzzy spot. That's the Orion nebula. That's a
huge stellar nursery, a giant molecular cloud where planets are forming,
stars are forming, and sometimes planets are forming without stars,
and you're just getting planets forming in deep space all right.

Speaker 1 (35:43):
Now.

Speaker 2 (35:44):
In those conditions, these planets are called rogue planets because
there's no star that they're surrounding, that they're circling, so
the mutual gravity of nearby stars can pull them around
and maybe whip them around. And next thing you know,
we have this high speed planet moving through space. How
that happened. It happened through mutual gravitational interaction over the

(36:05):
last several hundred million years or a billion years or more,
interacting with stuff around it. So we have the ability
of these things to pick up speed based on interactions
with gravity of other objects. And that's what we see here.
In fact, you might ask the question, how do we

(36:25):
know that this object is interstellar? How do we know
that Amuamua was interstellar? How do we know that comet
Borisov br Yes? The speed yes, yes, because the speed
that cloud had talked about a passing star that could
disturb an object out in the Ork cloud. Well, that

(36:48):
passing star out in the Ork cloud is going to
disturb the commentary body and it'll come into our inner
solar system, and it can only go so fast. It
could only reach a maximum speed, and that maximum speed
is way less than what we see for Omuamua Borisov.
And of course three eyeat lists, right, so we know

(37:11):
that by the speed, just as you said, correctly, the
speed is the indicator that this was definitely interstellar. And
I'm really fascinated by three eye at lists because we're
seeing an object that it defies all understanding of what
a comet should be. Right, So nickel isn't there, and

(37:34):
nickels there shouldn't be there in the quantity, carbon dioxide
shouldn't be there in this quantity. We're seeing some of
the other stuff we expect to see in a comet.
But what about this other stuff? And that has to
be related to its origin story, which we're still trying
to puzzle out.

Speaker 1 (37:52):
Yeah, I mean, this thing, like you said, could be
you know, we don't really know. It could be billions
of years old, which is also fascinating. You know, you
said possibly even seven billion. Did I hear you say, yeah.

Speaker 2 (38:04):
That's correct. That One of the ideas was maybe it
was seven billion years old. Now you might say, well,
how could they possibly know that, Well, based on how
long it's been moving into our Solar system and where
we saw it coming from, it had to travel through
interstellar space at somewhat of a speed. They could calculate
how fast it was moving based on what the compounds

(38:27):
on its surface look like. Maybe it means it was
exposed to cosmic rays for longer and therefore as a
different composition. I think they're going to find that the
exposure to cosmic rays is primarily responsible for the composition
we're seeing. That's my guess. You know, if it doesn't

(38:48):
turn out to be an alien ship full of hostile
alien to want to eat our brains.

Speaker 1 (38:52):
I think that's what. Yeah, that's always a we can't
even go, we can't even hide from them. So Tom
King has this. Tom King from the Phoenix Lights, one
of the people that film The Phoenix Lights, is here
in chat and thank you all for being here and
thank you for great questions as well. So a question
from Mark, does the astronomy community think aviy Lobe is

(39:14):
a pioneer or crazy.

Speaker 2 (39:17):
Well, from my perspective, go ahead, I'm sorry.

Speaker 1 (39:20):
Yeah, I mean, you hear some people bashing him. But
I think he's open minded, is what I think he
is my personal thoughts on that. And you know, I
mean I love the fact that he is looking at
this with a childlike curiosity, this whole thing, including UFOs.

Speaker 2 (39:39):
Yeah, willingness to accept other possibilities. That's how I am, right.
I mean, anyone listening knows me, they know that. Yes,
I'm a formally trained astronomer, but guess what, I'm also
an open minded one. Oh that doesn't go well in academia. No, no, no, okay,
but it's true. I do outreach because I want people

(40:03):
to understand the strangeness that we see out there. And
so is Avi a pioneer? Absolutely? Is he crazy? No,
he's brave. Yeah, he's actually showing a lot of courage.
I've known the man, you know, you know, off and
on for a while and for years.

Speaker 1 (40:25):
And I know the first time you met was we
did the show together with him, you remember, that's correct, Yeah,
that's right, was several years ago.

Speaker 2 (40:32):
Yeah, yeah, And so he's he's very I've actually done
I've talked to the Galileo team actually as well, because
I would like to be involved and help them with
a site for their Galileo stuff. And I've got two
potential sites, maybe three, you know, so that might be

(40:52):
a strong possibility. Yeah. Yeah, so we you know, we
have the that that Sonoran telescope, we have the Benson telescope. Well,
if all goes well, we might also have a San
Luis Valley telescope in Colorado.

Speaker 1 (41:09):
Oh nice spot there.

Speaker 2 (41:11):
It's the darkest it's the darkest sky in the United States. Actually,
right there. I did a SkyWatch out there a couple
of weeks ago and they expressed interest in this. So
I have a feeling we're going to be negotiating for
a possible third observatory and that's great. Then there'll be

(41:31):
a fourth one here in my front yard again, because
the front yard here in Terryville, Connecticut. With filters, you
can see some nice things at the sky in the
sky back right behind me. There, it's over there. Yeah,
they're right there. Okay, right here, Okay, there's the telescope
that was in the building. It has another telescope on
top of it. You can see there. So that's it's

(41:54):
facing right at us right now. Okay, but that's the
telescope that was in the building here, and I'm not
going to put back into building. The front yard here
is going to become a solar telescope system and we're
going to study the sun with it.

Speaker 1 (42:08):
And I, oh, yes, I remember you're talking to me
all about that.

Speaker 2 (42:11):
Yeah, yeah, yeah, So I won't get any sleep.

Speaker 1 (42:15):
Yeah, that's therect day and night. The only time you'll
get any sleep is during you know, a rainy season
or something.

Speaker 2 (42:21):
Yeah, the monsoon season. I look forward to the monsoons.

Speaker 1 (42:27):
Here's a question also, and thank you anonymous Rex. Thank
you again, all you people.

Speaker 2 (42:32):
When you guys are great, Thank you so much. It's
really cool.

Speaker 1 (42:36):
Are there near Earth objects that act differently and end
up in a gray box? You know? Unknown?

Speaker 2 (42:42):
Oh, wonderful question. You know. As far as trying to
put things in a box, I'll say this, We always
try to put things in a box. Sometimes it's not appropriate.
The object that couldn't be boxed was a muama initially.

(43:03):
Another object that initially couldn't be boxed but ended up
being boxed was boros Off. We could put that one
in a box because we figured out what it was doing.
Omama came and went so fast that we didn't see
it that was on its way out, you know, and
thus right in there. And it was only brief, so
we didn't get any good data on it really, just some.

(43:25):
And then now with three I Atlis, this was discovered
way before it reached its perry healiu and it's a
quite close approach to the sun, which is going to
be in December or October. I think it's I think
I gotta go back and look. But the point being
that this object we can study, and the more we're

(43:49):
looking at it, the more gray it becomes. So obviously
this objects in a gray box. So that was a
very good question. And on Rex, yeah, yeah, it's true.

Speaker 1 (44:02):
Yes, and yes Rex has been on my show. I
won't give out his his because he's anonymous as he says,
but he's he's a great he's a great researcher and
someone that I'm looking forward to talking to again. So
have we ever discovered a new metal from a comet?

Speaker 2 (44:23):
Uh? No, stars are that we haven't seen a new metal.
We've seen odd ones like just now with three I
Alis Nickel. Yeah, okay, but we haven't seen a new metal.
The periodic table is the periodic table that's the same
everywhere in the universe. Actually, you know that we know
of Well, there's no indication. You might see some isotopes

(44:45):
that we didn't expect to see in deep space, and
I'll define that in a moment. But for the most part,
all the elements we see in the periodic table are
all the ones that can be either naturally created or
created by us in a lab. In addition, so there
are some that we create and there are some that
are made naturally. Right, there's one hundred and eighteen elements

(45:08):
in the periodic table. And yes, I can sing the
whole periodic table, but I'm not going to do it.

Speaker 1 (45:13):
Oh well, I'll have to put you on the spot.

Speaker 2 (45:16):
Well, yeah, there's hydrogen, and helium, a lithium, but really
in carbon edoms everywhere, not digional through the air. Okay,
so we can read that. You're pretty Okay, I can
go on and on. But that was actually how I
learned the periodic table, because the periodic tables are really functional,
interesting table of elements, and every element that's formed in

(45:37):
the periodic table has an origin story of its own. Okay,
I'm not going to go into those, but I will
say this, we can't really have more than one hundred
and eighteen elements in the periodic table. Beyond that they
decay back to one eighteen or something less. And the
reason for that has to do with nuclear forces, in particular,

(46:00):
is something called the strong force. The strong forces the
strongest force in the universe, but it acts over a
very very tiny distance. And the strong force holds atomic
nuclei together. Protons are all plus one charge, and they're
all in the center of an atom, tightly packed. How
can you have all these positively charged items that want
to repel each other and push away from each other

(46:21):
at high speed. How can they all be held together?
They can be held together with it's actually called the
residual force, but they're held together by what's called the
strong force. And it has to do with what protons
themselves are made of. And I won't go into that,
but the protons are held together. And when you get
out to about one hundred and eighteen protons in the nucleus,

(46:43):
which is like aganescin, which is the one hundred and
eighteenth element, you go to make say one hundred and nineteenth,
and they spontaneously decay back to one eighteen or something less.
And the reason is because the strong force can no
longer hold all of that size nucleus together at that

(47:04):
size for the one hundred and eighteen protons. So one
eighteen seems to be the limit. I say it seems
to be because who knows how that can change. Maybe
there'll be something more that can make that.

Speaker 1 (47:16):
What what about something that's held under pressure? Could that
be like to say, inside of say, the core of
a planet or something like that. Could there be elements
in there that are held together because a force of
compression or going way off the deep end?

Speaker 2 (47:36):
No, no, no, no, not at all. And where you're going with that?
And you're saying, well, gus, could a massive star, for instance,
be compressing something in its core? Well, that compression in
the star's core is how we get fusion of different materials.
The problem is the problem is even in the biggest
stars in the universe, once we make this nuclear fusion

(47:58):
through hydrogen through heatium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen all the way
to iron number twenty six. Once we get to iron,
it can't fuse past iron because the amount of energy
required is way more than the return you get, like
when you fuse hydrogen into helium, you get a return
on your energy which goes blasting out of the star.

(48:20):
It's an energy that comes out in addition to the
energy used to fuse hydrogen into helium. But when you
get to iron, you can't put in enough energy to
fuse iron in such a way that you get anything back.
You get way less back than that. So I think
that that's part of the problem. So iron is the

(48:40):
dead end in stars. You never get past number twenty
six in the periodic table. But wait, Mark, you said
that there's one hundred and eighteen elements in the periodic table.
Where do they all come from? Those come from other
processes in the star. Okay, there's a slow process that
actually makes elements law long term, over hundreds of millions

(49:02):
of years. They can turn carbon into nitrogen, nitrogen into oxygen, okay,
and so forth and so on, and so you get
some of that, you get colliding neutron stars, which make
elements like gold. In fact, all the gold that we
have in our Earth's crust came from colliding colliding neutron

(49:22):
stars at one point or another, all right, which is
odd to think, which means there must have been a
lot of neutron stars out there on which are the
result of supernova in many cases, if not a black hole.
So yeah, So, I mean the elements come from a
variety of different sources and origins. However, that what we
see in our table is fairly well understood and in

(49:48):
all likelihood, with ninety nine point certainty, this these elements
are the same no matter where you are in the universe.

Speaker 1 (50:00):
Well, we've discovered about two hundred and ninety nine metric
tons of gold so far, you know, so which is
I heard that it's like something like a couple of
Olympic sized swimming pools full. And you know, I have
conversations about this all the time. What makes something valuable?
Because as an appraiser, and you know, the rarity and

(50:22):
all that, and they're you know, I'm getting way off
topic here, but I've I know that if we mind
a an asteroid that had say platinum or gold, or
say even diamonds, you know, it's bound to drop the
value of these things if we could actually get it
to Earth and all that. But here I am I'm
digressing terribly.

Speaker 2 (50:43):
No, that's a good point, because asteroid mining, I wrote
I wrote a novel about asteroid mining at one point. Okay, wow, yeah,
and so these you know, the concept of mining, titanium mining,
gold mining, uh, you know, things like silver, all right
and other precious elements is something that would be very

(51:07):
attractive to us. But and I covered this actually in
the book. I said, hey, you know, if we put
too much of this into the market, it's going to
drop the price of gold everywhere on the planet. You know,
if there's a glut, the price drops, and then people
are going to buy bye bye bye, you know. And

(51:27):
then there's a conspiracy sy to artificially make gold go away,
making the ones who bought during the glut now billionaires.

Speaker 1 (51:38):
Well there's a great Twilight episode, Twilight Zone episode about
these crooks that slept for like one hundred years or
something and when they wake up, all the gold that
they stole had stolen was worth nothing, which is pretty funny.
But yeah, it really, it really does, you know. And

(51:59):
also during the Civil War, I mean, right after the
Civil War, Grant Ulysses asked, Grant released I forget how
much gold out into the public, and it made the
economy crash. So yeah, it's it's all interesting. So there
are some questions here, and we are going to say

(52:21):
goodbye everyone over at kg R A radio here in
a bit, I'd like to continue a little bit longer,
if that's all right with you, fine past past the
normal time here. So here's a question here. Isn't the
three Eye at lists traveling through the asteroid belt?

Speaker 2 (52:39):
Yeah, it's actually inside the orbit of Jupiter, which is
where the asteroid belt is. So between Mars and Jupiter's
the asteroid belt. So three iye Aatlysses is inside Jupiter's orbit.
So it's actually heading toward the asteroid belt. And guess what,
it may never even see an asteroid. If it had eyes,
it probably could never see one. Because as much as

(53:00):
we see pictures of the asteroid belt looking dense and
got all kinds of stuff everywhere, it's not like that.
It's not like Star Wars we had this asteroid belt
full of asteroids of the Millennium falcons diving around and
getting around. That's not reality. The reality is there's so
far apart you could travel for a year out there
and never see another asteroid.

Speaker 1 (53:22):
Yeah. Well, it's just like if we collided with another galaxy,
we may never have any collisions, you know, the Andromeda.
It wouldn't be yeah, because it's everything's so far apart, Yeah,
isn't it all. It's just so hard to put things
like that in perspective, the distances and things.

Speaker 2 (53:44):
Yeah. Wello Cassini. Cassini was that probe that we sent
to Saturn, and we sent Cassini through Saturn's rings all right. Now,
when you see Saturn and telescope, you see these solid
looking rings. Bo, those particles must be really close together.
They're not. Cassini went through tens of thousands of miles
an hour, never hit a single particle, and they knew

(54:05):
the statistics were on their side that they would actually
survive that, and they were. I think it did it twice.

Speaker 1 (54:13):
Isn't that something gloves punishment? It is the first time
I looked up through a telescope and saw the ring
around Saturn and they just blew me away, and all
the moons of Jupiter. You know, I know you see
this stuff all the time, But the first time I
was an adult, the first time, you know, probably in

(54:34):
my forties by the time I ever looked through a
telescope and see any of that. And how exciting that
is to actually see.

Speaker 2 (54:43):
That it is it is, you know, and one thing too,
When you saw Saturn's rings, you're a lucky one because
in the future, I don't mean near future, but far future,
Saturn won't have a ring anymore, and it won't be
many rings anymore because Saturn's rings are falling into the planet.
So Saturn's rings are a transient phenomenon that are going

(55:04):
to disappear over time.

Speaker 1 (55:06):
So it's all exciting. And I want to get to
some of the questions in the chat because there were
so many of them that came in, I thought it
would be kind of unfair to, you know, not have
a go at some of them too. But I want
to before I answer, I mean, ask some of those
questions in the chat. I want to ask you what
are some of the misconceptions and myths that you are

(55:30):
hearing the most out there about the Atlas.

Speaker 2 (55:34):
Three eye atlists the most misconceived and misconstrued data is
that it's a hostile alien ship, and it's been proven
to be a hostile alien ship. Scientists say, they say,
studies show what, studies where what, scientists who what, and

(55:57):
if you push for an answer, you don't get one,
And that's to be the first clue that it's probably
not true everything. You know, I did that Facebook post
on three I at lists for a reason, and that
was because I got frustrated seeing all this garbage out there,
put out there just to get clicks.

Speaker 1 (56:18):
Yes, there is so much in every aspect of everything.
There's you know, there's a lot of that.

Speaker 2 (56:25):
It's a click it's a clickbait. It's a clickbait thing.
And I just social media. Yeah, I mean, I couldn't
handle this clickbait stuff. So anyway, the myth is okay, yes,
it's spacecraft. It's coming here, and they're coming to save
us from get this pole shift that's going to be
catastrophic on our planet.

Speaker 1 (56:47):
Oh yes, of course.

Speaker 2 (56:49):
There's just one guy that talks about these poll shifts
they're going to come the catastrophic Does he have any
idea that it's happened over one hundred and eighty times
already and no one noticed. Well there's a reason for
that is because they take thousands of years to occur,
and I actually think we're in the middle of one now.
The pole drifts a few miles every year, okay, magnetic pole,

(57:12):
and so that just indicates that the deep outer core
of the Earth is going through some different gyrations and
the magnetic field is changing its orientation a little bit,
and so the magnetic field moves around as well. On
the Earth. The Earth keeps going and keeps rotating the
same way. But what happens is when people talk about

(57:34):
pole shift, they say the Earth is gonna flip over.
That's one of those major misconceptions. The Earth has never
flipped over.

Speaker 1 (57:45):
We're gonna be standing on our heads.

Speaker 2 (57:47):
Yea. Earth is never flipped over. Yeah. So with three
A Atlis, one of the other things is that it's
definitely an intelligent cra going to visit Jupiter, Mars, and Venus. Well,
how can you say that? And another one is here's

(58:07):
a photograph of three I Atlas just released. That's that's
my favorite. He was just released and it shows no
Lie the planet killer from the Doomsday Machine on Star Trek.

Speaker 1 (58:19):
That conical thing is that the one that I put
up there a little while ago.

Speaker 2 (58:23):
Is that something else that was different? But they show
that conical planet killer. Remember Commodore Decker, You know, Chris,
there is no third planet. Don't you think I know
that there was? But not anymore? You know that was
that big scene okay with commodore Chris Decker in the ship. Well, anyway,

(58:47):
he ended up, you know, being the star of the
show as he wrote a shuttle into the thing and
blew up. Well, anyway, the planet Killer was shown as
is an image of this three eye at lists? Yeah,
and I said no, and I just got so frustrate
I ever wrote, no, no, no, no, nope, this is

(59:10):
not an image of three iyeatlists. Uh, And I said,
I'm going to write an article showing people what we
know of three eyeatlists and what we see. The James
Webb is a million miles out and it's taken the
best ever photo of three eyeatlists. And here it is.
It's an orange blob and the color orange is artificial
artificial coloring.

Speaker 1 (59:31):
So and why why uh why is it this speed
that's that would make the Sun have no effect on
it as far as gravity.

Speaker 2 (59:42):
Yeah, actually the Sun does have an effect on it.
The Sun is bending its path. Okay, so yeah, when
when something orbits of the Sun, right, it goes like
this goes around and if it's trapped, it's an elliptical orbit. Okay, Well,
we're in a roughly circular orbit around the Sun. All right,
A circle is just a special type of ellips where
the eccentricity or the elongation is zero. And that's our circle,

(01:00:06):
our circular orbit. And it's not quite circular. It's a
little bit elliptical, slightly ever so slightly so. Eccentricities approaching
one are more and more elliptical, more and more long
and narrow. With these long but they're still connected to
the Sun, still gravitationally bound to the Sun. When the

(01:00:26):
eccentricity is greater than one, now it's unbound. And that
means that the Sun's energy or sorry, the Sun's gravity
can't hold it because it has energy beyond what an
elliptical orbiting object would have. Okay, so you can have
a parabolic orbit, and you can have a hyperbolic orbit.

(01:00:47):
A hyperbolic orbit is one where an object comes in
and it's coming in so fast that the Sun has
little effect on the to just bend its path a
little bit and out it goes. And that's what this
one's doing. And that speed is one hundred and thirty
seven thousand miles an hour.

Speaker 1 (01:01:03):
Isn't that amazing?

Speaker 2 (01:01:04):
Wow? It is?

Speaker 1 (01:01:06):
So this I do appreciate when people put questions in
all caps, I think dead end collective. Here is a
new person to the show. Thank you for your question. Here.
Is it possible that this object, with its straight ish
and extremely fast trajectory, could be a scout for me
an enormous super and ova out beyond Pluto and we

(01:01:28):
may expect more of these?

Speaker 2 (01:01:30):
Well, okay, let's take the first part of that. Let's
unpack that. Is it possible this is a scout from
something beyond Pluto? I can't say no, but if so,
it's a pretty big scout. Okay, right now, it's looking
like an astronomical object similar to things we understand, but

(01:01:51):
still different as we mentioned throughout the show, but from
an enormous supernova. No, supernova is an exploding stuff are
and if it was a supernova, I'll be on Pluto. Uh,
it would wipe out life on this planet without any question.
We'd see it is extremely bite bright light and we'd
be pelted with deadly radiation from the supernova. Yeah, so

(01:02:16):
that's not that. But is it possible that its trajectory
could make it like some kind of a scout? Well,
I can't say no, but I would err on the
decided caution and say probably not, because what we see
so far indicates it's a strange type of commentary object
that we haven't seen before. But I'm leaving an open

(01:02:40):
mind for anything else. It might be.

Speaker 1 (01:02:42):
All right, here's another one here from Tony. Does the
elect universe theory hold any sway with you? I know
what that is?

Speaker 2 (01:02:50):
Yeah, I understand, and that Tony, thank you. That's a
good question too, you know. Sorry, it's a little bug
flying around some swat. Does electric universe theory hold any sway?
It doesn't. It doesn't. First of all, let me explain
everything in the universe. It deals with charge or no charge, okay,

(01:03:13):
So electrical output is very important. For instance, the Sun
gives off radio waves okay. And the Sun also can
send off charge particles to our poles, which goes swirling

(01:03:34):
around the poles and sometimes blow out our electrical grids.
So there is electricity in ordinary objects in the universe
every day, all the time, and so we do have
to be concerned about that. When we look at our Earth.
Our Earth has the gigantic fields that are being generated.

(01:03:56):
There's an electric field being generated deep inside the Earth
by the molten outer core riding around the solid innercore
of iron and nickel, and you got this molten core.
And as it does that, this massive electrical field is made,
and that electric field in return builds a geomagnetic sheath

(01:04:18):
around our Earth, a magnetic field, all right, So the
electric fields will make these magnetic fields. So that's what's
going on down there. So the concept of current and
electric universe is always on our mind, not to the
extent where I would say that moon craters are created
by electricity rather than impacts. I draw the line there

(01:04:42):
a big time because we've seen them. We've actually in
our skyterraw live stream, we're doing a live stream of
a lunar eclipse back in July and January nineteen. January nineteen,
and it's on our site on our skythroelive dot org

(01:05:05):
is that you go to look at. We have over
five hundred and twenty five videos up there. One of
them says meteor impact during during this lunar eclipse. And
during the lunar eclipse we actually caught We're only one
of five people on the planet to catch it. We
caught a meteor striking the Moon right at the height
of the lunaric. Oh yes, I remember that in the

(01:05:25):
red area of the moon, the red area that was
ridden by the passage into the Earth's shadow, and we
saw this bright flash all and we caught up a
lunar impact, right, and that was an object that collided
with the Moon that was about eighteen inches across or so,
and the crater made was somewhat larger, and it was

(01:05:45):
confirmed by their skyto a livestream, thank you. It was
confirmed by later views of the area in question and
they saw the crater. Yeah, yeah, so that was y.

Speaker 1 (01:06:00):
I totally remember when that happened. That was so amazing,
Like Mark's the man. Yeah, that was really that. That
was really great.

Speaker 2 (01:06:08):
Yeah yeah, yeah. We give away equipment in our streams
as well, which is really nice.

Speaker 1 (01:06:13):
All right, so I gotta try to get us back
here we are. Yeah, so here's a that was a
good question. Thank you for that. And this is an
interesting one because I don't know the answer to it.
How can you have carbon dioxide without h H two
oh oh?

Speaker 2 (01:06:29):
Pretty easily actually, because you know, if you don't have
a lot of water ice, you're not going to end
up with H two oh, but you're can have carbon dioxide.
Let mean, give you an idea. First of all, hydrogen.
Hydrogen is the most populous element in the entire universe.
It's number one, yay. H is number one, okay. The

(01:06:49):
next one is helium. That's the next most populous, the
second largest number of atoms in the universe or helium.
The third most abundant element in the universe is oxygen, okay,
and the fourth is carbon. So it stands the reason
that you'll have carbon and oxygen doing stuff together, you know,

(01:07:09):
more so than hydrogen and oxygen potentially now, And that's
only because carbon dioxide, the carbon atom bonds with more
things than any other atom in the periodic table. Right,
it has four slots that you can connect to carbon
atom with very very nicely, right, and hydrogen doesn't, okay,

(01:07:34):
Hydrogen has that one. And so when you look at
carbon dioxide, you're gonna get a lot more carbon compounds
of all kinds, including that one carbon dioxide, okay. And
carbon dioxide is very important in that regard. Now you
also get other things. You get carbon monoxide CO you know,

(01:07:56):
not CO two O two two oxygens with the carbon
carbon monoxide mono meaning one COO. And we get that
as well. We get carbon carbon carbon bonded to another
carbon atom, and we get all kinds of these compounds,
and then thousands and actually hundreds of thousands of other

(01:08:17):
compounds beyond that. So carbon exists in a lot of
different form factors in the universe. Water is also everywhere
we look. You can be sure that there's a lot
of water on three I atlis as well, there's a
lot of H two L. But we're noticing that there's
a lot of CO two in addition. So that's what's

(01:08:38):
making it strange.

Speaker 1 (01:08:40):
I think it's closer to the Sun, where will we
be saying most likely be saying more outgassing of different elements.

Speaker 2 (01:08:48):
As it gets closer to the Sun, we're going to
see outgassing of lots more elements. Probably if it's a comet.

Speaker 1 (01:08:54):
Yes, yeah, there's this person meant the Mendanopolis as really
fantastic questions has been joining us for a number of
weeks and months. Maybe, So what are your thoughts on
tech tights and the possible origins?

Speaker 2 (01:09:12):
Okay, well, for instance, to find a tech tight. A
tech tight is a formally melted blob from a meteor impact.
It could be if it struck the Earth, it could
be a blob of molten earth that would fell off
and as it felt to the ground, it cooled. That's
a tech tight. So if we see tech tights on Earth,
then it's probably a piece of the meteor or a

(01:09:35):
piece of the earth itself that melted on impact and
then that got sprayed out from the impact site. I
have some tech tights over here on my shelf, and
so those would be the origin of tech tights is
for the body that was struck. Okay, they come from
the body that was struck. And if you look at

(01:09:59):
the tech tights, is it possible that you got a
piece of the media in there?

Speaker 1 (01:10:02):
Oh?

Speaker 2 (01:10:02):
Yes, I have a nice metia over there too, that
came from Argentina in a beautiful fall. It's the weighs
a thousand grams is big iron metea right right. But
when that splashed into the ground and melted, you know
that a lot of stuff flew off of it. Okay,
some of that became tech tights, Some of that mixed

(01:10:23):
with earth debris and became tech tights and fell to
the ground, and some was just earth the earth soils
that were melted and cooled as they fell to the ground.
If we look at Mars. We know there's tech tights
on Mars too, and they've identified if I recall curiosity,
it was they may have identified potential tech tights on

(01:10:46):
Mars from an impact and that was Martian Martian soils
that were melted on impact and it flew out and
cooled and it fell back cool to the surface.

Speaker 1 (01:10:56):
Wow.

Speaker 2 (01:10:57):
Yeah, so tech tights and hopefully your question, yeah, I'm
focusing on tech tits and maybe you know you didn't
mean that particularly, but if you have another question, please
rephrase it.

Speaker 1 (01:11:12):
Yeah. And by the way, this really has nothing to
do with a thing really, but just from my world
and the antique and the auction business. Do you know
media rights actually sell really well at auction. I do
a lot of money.

Speaker 2 (01:11:29):
Are you trying to get me to give you my
media right to sell?

Speaker 1 (01:11:32):
That's what I'm trying to get a consignment here?

Speaker 2 (01:11:34):
Yes, well I might consider it. It's a thousand grams
and it's an iron media right, so on the market
it's worth about one thousand dollars.

Speaker 1 (01:11:45):
Oh okay, some of them are Yeah, well you know
that better than I do.

Speaker 2 (01:11:49):
Iron metea rights are pretty common.

Speaker 1 (01:11:51):
Yeah, I see. All right, So let's see how this
is from duckhead. How do we tell if something is
rock or metallic? A metallic structure on an intrastellar object.

Speaker 2 (01:12:06):
That's that's a very good approach. We would want to differentiate,
wouldn't we, And you're absolutely right. So how do we
do it? Well, we would again look at the light
coming from it and see if the light gives us
any clues in the composition of the object. The light
we're seeing coming from this object shows us nickel, carbon dioxide,
some cyanogen, and a few other elements. I think carbon, carbon,

(01:12:31):
et cetera. I think we're seeing some of that as well.
But as far as metal goes, the only way we'd
see the metal in the spectrum is if the metal
was being melted and heated to a certain amount where
it would actually spew off of the object. Then we

(01:12:52):
might get a spectrum from it and we could see
what is that it's actually metal, right, Seeing gas, that's okay.
Seeing you know, small particles, we can do that too.
We can get we can see silicates, you know, that
are being driven off, because the silicates will also have
a spectrum as they're as they're gassing out, and their

(01:13:15):
spectrum will show But a solid metal object. We might
not actually be able to tell that it's buried inside
this fuzz right now. So it's inside this this this
coma and whatever is in there we can't see right now.
My guess is it's a rocky, rocky core. Like other comments,

(01:13:35):
this comment's acting a little differently. So maybe, like I said,
being formed in the galactic disc and then moving into
our solar system changed how it got h now its
composition was.

Speaker 1 (01:13:48):
Now here's another question, But I don't know if I
if we have time to talk about this, we may
bring it up later if we do at the end,
But Mendy is asking if you can comment on your
SRTD work on the US Navy submarines, And I know
that has to do with the USO but and you've
told that story at least twenty times on this show.

(01:14:09):
But so we may if we have time later, we
may bring that up. But here's another question. Here near
the last phase of star creation, silicon turns into nickel,
which quickly decays into iron. Could this be the reason
we are seeing such a high nickel con content? But
why it's covered with dry ice?

Speaker 2 (01:14:33):
Well, okay, that's that's that's cool. Thanks Michael, sure. If
we if we look at how a star when a
star goes supernova, okay, the last thing that fuses in
the star's core is silicon, and it makes silicon for
approximately one day before it blows up. So any large

(01:14:55):
star is if it's making silicon, it's making it in
a sl process over time, but not a lot the
supernova event. Just before the supernova, there's a shell of
silicon being made in around the cor of the star,
in the core of the star, and that is approximately
one day long. So all the silicon we have on

(01:15:15):
Earth comes from supernova where it was literally only happening
for one day out of the many hundreds of millions
or a billion years or so of these stars' lives,
and the very massive stars only live a few one
hundred million years at the most. So it's amazing we
have silicon at all, to be honest. But is it

(01:15:36):
possible that the nickel could be covered with dry ice? Yeah?
It could, and the reason is because if the nickel
was deposited in some way because of the galactic disk origin,
then maybe it got bound up with this dry ice
CO two ice on the surface of this object, and

(01:16:00):
so when the CO two was liberated, So two were
the nickel particles that were there as well, And we
could be looking at a as I said, a very
strange composition from a very strange origin story for this object.
So I'm I'm pretty good, And you put his comment
up against so I can make sure to missed anything. Yeah, okay,

(01:16:21):
it's weekly thinking that, Yeah, could this be the reason
we're seeing a high nickel content. Maybe I don't. I
don't know for sure because we had we don't really
understand yet where this nickel content actually is coming from.
So it's just speculation. But you know that the thing
is the the the nickel content is something that we're seeing,

(01:16:46):
and it's something that we don't know how to explain.
At this point, I can't say where it came from,
but I will say that seeing it without a lot
of iron content is kind of odd, and so I
have to just say that much of it I don't
know anything beyond that, all right.

Speaker 1 (01:17:05):
Another one here is from Tom King. We can't tell
the size of a UFO video because just one angle
least talk about triangulation, So how do we know the
size of three I at lists from just one angle? Well,
let's just ask the question, how do we know the
size of this thing at all?

Speaker 2 (01:17:23):
Okay, that's very good, very good, all right. First of all,
it's moving through the sky, and as it's moving through
the sky, all right, we can calculate it's a distance
based on its parallax as it's moving, and that kind
of gives us an idea where it's going. It's kind
of a rough idea, and based on the amount of

(01:17:47):
distance it has, we can figure out that, hey, this
is how fast it's going, and so its speed is
going to relate to it it's size. In the following way,
as we as we get an idea of how far
away it is, right, and we look at the coma,

(01:18:08):
that area around the core, everything has an uncertainty factor
associated with it. With three ialysts, everything, we don't know
a definitive size, right, but we can estimate it based
on what we see with comets when we see them
that far out, when we see the size of the coma,
we know that the nucleus is probably a certain size

(01:18:29):
to give off that much stuff, all right. So there's that.
So it's really a lot of guesswork based on seeing
previous comets that just come in and we're trying to
put this thing in the same box as a comet,
and I have a feeling we're going to be in
for some surprises because I don't think this thing is

(01:18:52):
the same type of thing as a regular comet that
we're used to seeing.

Speaker 1 (01:18:58):
Now here's the question. I think you may have a
dry Uh this is from stars are How do we
measure the age of comments? Didn't you say it's because
of where it might have come from?

Speaker 2 (01:19:09):
Yeah, I mean that's one way. For instance, if something
comes in from the outer orc cloud, okay, around our
solar system, we know that formed about four point six
billion years ago, right, so we know the age of
the commet is it's going to be perhaps thereabouts four
point six billion years. But if it's coming from outside

(01:19:32):
our solar system, it makes uh uh oh what's that?

Speaker 1 (01:19:38):
Oh? Oh, don't I don't mean to distract you. I
just thought that was funny. I'll put it up after.

Speaker 2 (01:19:42):
Okay, yeah, put up the previous question. Please that previous comment.

Speaker 1 (01:19:47):
All right, I have to find Oh how do we
measure the age of comments?

Speaker 2 (01:19:50):
Oh? Yeah, yeah? Sorry? Uh and yeah, so the age
of the commets, as they said, if it's coming from interstellar.
It means it come from a long way off, and
based on its speed, we could figure out where was
we reverse engineer how far did it come from? Where
did it come from? And we may not be able
to know exactly where it came from, but we know

(01:20:12):
based on a couple of things. We know based on
the chemical composition on the surface, how long it may
have been exposed to cosmic rays. Okay. For instance, on
the Moon, we can tell the age of lunar soils
based on how how much consic gray damage or how
much consic gray composition change has occurred in the soil,
all right, So younger lavas are going to be lighter

(01:20:36):
and older lavas are going to be darker. Okay, Well,
same thing with comets. Comets are generally very very dark,
almost black, right, and that's the core. That's because they've
been exposed to radiation for many billions of years. So
when we see it from out of the Solar system
like this, we know it's more than four point six

(01:20:57):
billion years old. It's literally much more than that. So
the estimate of seven billion years was just an estimate,
and it was based on perhaps the compositional changes at
the surface of the comment that we're seeing and maybe
and this is this is kind of new science. We
haven't seen this before, so everybody's scrambling to try and

(01:21:20):
come up with ideas.

Speaker 1 (01:21:22):
You know, Yeah, it's exciting, there is it is. Oh,
this is just a comment. I think it's pretty funny.
Tom King says that you're here. He's watching you on
the computer, and you're also on the TV in his
living room. His wife is watching a show on UFOs.
So I think that's pretty funny. You can't get rid
of them.

Speaker 2 (01:21:42):
You can't get rid of me as much as you try.
You try, you shouting him out, you try scrubbing him out,
and still he keeps showing up.

Speaker 1 (01:21:51):
I'm not sure about this question here. What if they're
not here to save us, but to warn us, warn
us from.

Speaker 2 (01:21:59):
Well, okay, I mean that makes an assumption that they're here.
Two in the three illis is them. There's been no
indication of that yet, although I will say that the
trajectory coming through our solar system is a curious one,
going by Jupiter, Mars and then Venus. That's kind of cool.

(01:22:22):
But if it was an advanced civilization, they would have
seen the little pale blue dot that we are, and
known that the oxygen in our atmosphere indicated there's probably
life here. So why wouldn't they steer it toward the
Earth too and have it zip by the Earth as well.
I don't know. Maybe they're doing a Juno. Maybe they're

(01:22:43):
doing a Juno thing. They're gonna you know, they'd rather
not affect anything near the Earth, and in case it
goes off course, they don't want to hit the Earth.
So they're going by Mars and then by Venus, and
from that distance they look at Earth and make some judgments,
just like, rather than let Juno just continue to orbit Jupiter,

(01:23:03):
they're gonna send it into the Jupiter atmosphere and burn up.

Speaker 1 (01:23:07):
You know, well, what if the thing just puts on
the brakes right beside us?

Speaker 2 (01:23:12):
I would actually be very impressed.

Speaker 1 (01:23:15):
That Dreamstiko who was visiting us yesterday. But also I
was on the show last week. What are the odds?
And h we'll give them a break for not putting
the question in cap here. Uh So, what are the odds?
It's just something unique that hasn't been observed before by science.

Speaker 2 (01:23:34):
The odds are one hundred percent already we have not
observed a commentary object that has a CO two emission
like it has or nickel, So your question is very pertinent.
It's one at this point, right, Yeah, thanks not ball.

Speaker 1 (01:23:53):
It looks like Michael has some great questions. Michael Nelson.
You're new to the chat that I'm I believe, so
I'm not aware of you being in here before. But
thank you for your good questions tonight. Michael. So, nickel
from exploding starfusion and CO two from freezing cold pressures
seem contradictory because one requires extreme heat and the other

(01:24:16):
extreme coal. How can both exist together?

Speaker 2 (01:24:20):
The answer is because they happen at vastly different times. Okay.
The nickel was forged in the heart of a star, absolutely,
and it was huge temperatures okay, millions, hundreds of millions
of degrees celsius. Okay, But that nickel was also floating
around in the universe, and as it does, so it's
gonna cool down and you can have all these nickel adams.

(01:24:42):
You're gonna have nickel isotopes flying around, and then you're
gonna have an object that has some gravity of its
own and maybe attracted nickel to its surface, and then
that object may have had in abundance of carbon dioxide,
carbon cyanogen, carbon monoxide, and other carbon based molecules on

(01:25:08):
its surface, and thus the nickel could end up combined
with that material. Because it didn't happen at the same time.
It happened at different times. And this is what's really
important about this object. It shows that it's gone through
some type of evolution, and I think that that's something
that you'll see come out soon. Actually this thing. So

(01:25:29):
they can exist together because they happened at vastly different times.
The nickel was made and then the object was made,
and the objects came together over time at some distant
location outside our solar system.

Speaker 1 (01:25:42):
Mark, what do you say. I think We've had some
really good questions tonight.

Speaker 2 (01:25:45):
I'm very impressed with these folks here. These guys are
something else.

Speaker 1 (01:25:49):
You know. Here's another one here from stars Are. Do
you think that the US Space Force has taken an
interest in.

Speaker 2 (01:25:56):
I three outlasts, three eye outlyists.

Speaker 1 (01:25:59):
Well yes, I mean he got three ilists.

Speaker 2 (01:26:01):
No he wrote it that way. It's okay. Well they
better because the Space Force also has to deal in
part with that century list, and so they better be
watching this object very carefully so that it can be
taken off the Century List. And again, as they said,
the Century List is that list of objects that could

(01:26:22):
potentially pose a threat to us or a collision. And
in this particular case, this object is far less of
a threat at this point because the calculated path and
is hyperbolic trajectory take it far far, millions of miles
away from the Earth, right. Yeah, so we're not going

(01:26:43):
to have to worry about that. But I think that
the people that manage the Century List and Space Force,
they're probably all going to be looking at this object
very carefully. Space Force primarily deals with satellite environment and
the health of the satellite environment.

Speaker 1 (01:27:00):
Okay, and that's as far as we know.

Speaker 2 (01:27:02):
Yeah, of course we know that, Martin. Yeah, that's true.

Speaker 1 (01:27:07):
Here's another great question from Michael. How can you account
for the extreme luminosity from the object that started when
it was so far away from the Sun.

Speaker 2 (01:27:17):
Well, the object itself, the object itself is outgassing a
lot of material that's reflecting a lot of the Sun's
light to us. So that accounts for how bright it
looks so far away. But you got to keep in
mind that the object, and this is why we don't
know how big it is, okay, because you know, is

(01:27:39):
it that giant coma that we're seeing Because in the star,
the larger the diameter of the star, Okay, the higher
it's luminosity. Right, So the larger the coma, the higher
of the luminosity or brightness obviously intrinsic brightness of the object.
And that's kind of what we're seeing here. So in
this case, I have a feeling that the object itself

(01:28:01):
has got a large coma of material around it. We
call it a coma. Yeah, and it's just like a fuzz. Now,
the interior park might be this big, might be a
little tiny rock in there, Okay, maybe, but you got
this giant coma which can be millions of miles in
size surrounding it.

Speaker 1 (01:28:19):
And when the thing corona yeah, the coma yeah, yeah, yeah,
yeah yeah, the corona, yes, the corona.

Speaker 2 (01:28:29):
Yeah.

Speaker 1 (01:28:30):
So this is another interesting question. In this case, would
the age rule out a spacecraft?

Speaker 2 (01:28:38):
Well, why think of this? Think it this way? First
of all, let me answer that no, not necessarily. So,
would the age of this thing rule out of spacecraft?

Speaker 1 (01:28:47):
No?

Speaker 2 (01:28:48):
Because I believe that there could have been a race
of intelligence that started billions of years before us. Maybe
I don't see why not. Okay, because we started four
point six billion years ago, doesn't mean you couldn't have
a race of creatures begin you know, ten billion years ago.

(01:29:11):
You know, I don't see that as a as a problem,
and we don't have any civilizations we've found yet to
actually see that or show that for sure definitively. But
you know, it's interesting, you know when we look at this,
because this object is moving into our inner solar system

(01:29:33):
and it's gonna pass millions of miles from our Earth. Yes,
but the point is, how in the world did this
object actually form in the first place. That's one of
the things that we don't really know. We don't know
where it formed. We have an idea, okay, everything's an idea.
With three I atlists, everything is an idea. Okay, Yeah, so.

Speaker 1 (01:29:53):
With everything all the time.

Speaker 2 (01:29:56):
Yeah, we don't have a definitive answer for at US
right now. Once it gets closer, we might, we might.

Speaker 1 (01:30:05):
I think I asked you this question earlier, but maybe not.
How is that outgassing towards the Sun?

Speaker 2 (01:30:11):
Yeah, that's a good question. We don't know. The only
theory I can think of is that there's so much
of this carbon dioxide bound up on the surface with nickel,
adams and so forth, that when the sun hits it,
it's the carbon dioxide is forming jets that is causing

(01:30:33):
this material to shoot off, just like we see on
many comets. Cherimo Grusamenko from the Rosetta Mission, I have
photographs of the jets blowing off material off the comets surface.
It looks like a strange peanut, okay. And so if
it's shooting these jets off, it'll shoot them in any direction.
And if it's a large enough body with a large

(01:30:54):
enough amount of material on its surface, it might shoot
this material forward in its path. So maybe that's what
we're looking at, so hard to say, hard to say.
I don't think it's an illusion effect where the stuff
is actually trailing behind it, but because it's curving, it
looks like it's in front of it.

Speaker 1 (01:31:14):
Okay.

Speaker 2 (01:31:14):
If this is the object moving here, and it's traveling
this way and trailing and going like this and trailing
stuff behind it like this, okay, you might think this
is in front of it, when in fact it's actually
behind it, curving behind it. I mean, it could be
an illusion, but I don't think so. I think they were.
I think they may have figured that out already.

Speaker 1 (01:31:34):
And let's see, is it expected to exit a never return?
I mean this could take a billion years to return again, right,
I mean you never hear it. It's expected.

Speaker 2 (01:31:46):
It's expected to exit and never returned.

Speaker 1 (01:31:50):
Never ever return.

Speaker 2 (01:31:51):
Yeah, it's not a hyperbolic trajectory, which means that it's
got way more energy than it needs to get out
of the Sun's gravity. Well as it passed, it's gonna
put on quite a show. I think it's gonna be
quite a show.

Speaker 1 (01:32:05):
And what do we say, October twenty ninth is when
it's gonna be the closest.

Speaker 2 (01:32:09):
Yeah. The only trouble is it's gonna end up it's
gonna end up being in the glare of the Sun,
so we're not gonna be able to see it for
a while.

Speaker 1 (01:32:19):
It's doing it on purpose, yeah yeah, yeah. Another question
here by Tim, what happened to all the independent helloscopes
around helioscopes around the planet.

Speaker 2 (01:32:34):
I don't know that anything happened to You don't want telescopes.

Speaker 1 (01:32:39):
I don't even know what a helioscope is.

Speaker 2 (01:32:41):
I mean, it's a sun looking telescope.

Speaker 1 (01:32:43):
I mean oh oh okay, yeah, and so maybe you'll
have the last one Mark.

Speaker 2 (01:32:50):
Yeah.

Speaker 1 (01:32:51):
Well, well we'll have to ask Tim what he meant
by that. But here's another one from Gene stick O.
Any insight or opinions on Doctor Bilios transience? Oh yeah,
related targets. Yeah.

Speaker 2 (01:33:07):
One of our viewers Isabella Melamed in Bulgaria's she's an
astronomer without the degree. Okay, she studied Villa Rose. I know, Beatrice,
I've talked to her. But she studied via Tres's frames,
the frames, and then she lived at the whole frame

(01:33:30):
and found that there are thirteen hundred transients throughout the
entire frame. And it had to do, as Isabella suggested,
it may have had to do in part with the
emulsion of the film that these were taken with. Now,
I used one O three AO film, and I know

(01:33:50):
there are artifacts with one O three AO film when
I was doing my work in the observatories back when
I got my degree, and this this was done well
before that, So it's possible that these are artifacts in
part created by the film. So every dot is not
a star, you know. So if you take a picture

(01:34:13):
and then take another picture and it's gone. You say
it's gone. How about the start disappear in just fifty
minutes if it was never there in the first place.

Speaker 1 (01:34:22):
Well, I think I thought they had looked into that.
Now I've been in touch with Beatrice, she's been on before,
and I'm trying to get her back on and to
talk about this. But I thought they she was careful
to look into that, So that wasn't part of the problem.
It wasn't an artifact. But anyway, you know, moral will

(01:34:43):
come out as that.

Speaker 2 (01:34:44):
Yeah, the only problem Mark is that that you know,
she looked at a small square of the frame, okay,
and counted those those transients, the stars that seemed to disappear, etcetera. Right,
but there's a big frame so shaped with that that
she didn't look at it's her whole frame. And she
looked at a small piece of it, all right, a

(01:35:06):
small several arcment if by several armitted size. I forget
the exact size. But there's a massive frame from that
survey and they're all throughout that. So are they really
transients or could they be something else? And Isabella argued
that maybe there's something else, and she's not trying to
say Beatrice was didn't know what she's doing, of course not.

(01:35:29):
She's just pointing out the possibility that maybe we have
to consider that some of these are transients. And it's
really hard to tell what a transient is versus you know,
an actual star sometimes because they can look identical, especially
with film. You know, there are ways to study the

(01:35:50):
emulsion directly. You know, Isabella didn't have access to the
actual negatives the study that would have been good because
it could have been emult it could have been related
to the photographic substrate was put on later, you know,
the show the image. So there's a lot going on

(01:36:11):
here that I thought. I thought her work was great
in Groundbreaking Beatrice anyway, I like what she did, but
I wanted to see whether she had addressed the the
artifacts in the entire frame. And I've never seen her
address the artifacts in the entire frame. Because when she.

Speaker 1 (01:36:31):
Comes on again, up, I'll try to remember to ask
her that particular question. So I'm gonna ask three more
questions and then we'll wrap up the show. Up, I'll
come through. Here's another one from Michael Nelson. Does any
of the dusts and particles that are sublimating from the
coma of the three i AT lists have any chance

(01:36:52):
of drifting into Earth's orbit, since they probably have some momentum.

Speaker 2 (01:36:57):
And that's let's unpacked that whenever we see a meteor shower,
it's the result of us passing into a comet tale
from a previous passage of a comet. Okay, comment swift
Haley's comment other comments. We drift into their their tail stream,

(01:37:17):
the dust tail, and the meteors are from that. The
Earth's gravity pulls them in and we get these meteors
and it's really nice. But that's where meteors come from.
Meteor showers well, in the same way, the comet that
should actually provide us with some kind of a meteor

(01:37:40):
shower has to pass close enough to us, and this
one is not going to pass close enough to us
so we can actually get an orbital display of meteors
from it. It's going to be too far away from
from the perspective of its entry and exit in our

(01:38:01):
solar system. We're not going to pass through its tail,
so we won't see anything From this comment.

Speaker 1 (01:38:08):
Mm hmm, hear say, I think I've heard you talk
about silicon based life forms. How is it.

Speaker 2 (01:38:17):
Possible silicone or silicon.

Speaker 1 (01:38:21):
Yeah, oh yeah, sorry, yeah, so but what I have
heard you talk about that.

Speaker 2 (01:38:29):
Before and I have yeah, yeah, you're right. And let's
talk about the periodic table again, because here's how that works,
right in the periodic table, and without going into a
history less than the periodic table, let's just talk about

(01:38:50):
the elements as listed. Okay, let's go to carbon number six, okay,
directly below carbon and silicon. Okay. Now, the columns are
set up in his table such that the next atom
down is most like the one above it in characteristics
and capabilities. So this is why people say, what about

(01:39:10):
silicon based life? They don't say, what about magnesium based life?
Or what about you know, a krypton crypto sorry, phosphorus
based life or something like that, you know, And the
reason is because it's not in the column. The column
is the most similar atom okay kind of thing. So
after carbon, the only possible one that could possibly support

(01:39:33):
life below that is silicon, all right, and they get
increasingly less less populous in the universes you drop down.
But if you look at carbon, it has four spots
for things to bond to it. Ok It's called valence electrons.
Don't worry about that. But when you talk about all

(01:39:55):
the many millions of compounds you can make from carbon,
thing about carbon is and it's called the Granddaddy of
all elements for a reason is that you can make
and break bonds with carbon so much easier than any
other element in the periodic table. And it makes bonds
and breaks bonds so much easier. Everyone watching right now

(01:40:17):
is making and breaking thousands upon thousands upon thousands of
carbon bonds in their bodies as they watch me say
this sentence.

Speaker 1 (01:40:25):
Okay, I knew I was tired for some reason.

Speaker 2 (01:40:27):
You got it. In fact, it does relate to how
much energy you have. In fact, energy is required to
do all that work, so the body needs more sugar.
But the bottom line, okay, is that when we watch
carbon do its job, we might think, hey, what about silicon.
That's just below it, and that's most like carbon, So

(01:40:48):
maybe there's silicon based life valid assumption valid valid? I
mean star Trek did it with the Horda. You know,
no kill I you know, I remember the Horda was
a silicon based creature. Well start, yeah, start kind of
portrayed a possibility of a silicon based creature. But the
problem with silicon it extends to beyond beyond whether it

(01:41:12):
can actually harbor life forms and the harbor the changes
required to make life viable. It comes down to the
fact that silicon is tenacious, and when it bonds with things,
it tends to make a crystal, right, And when it
makes a crystal, it typically takes a lot of energy

(01:41:34):
to break that crystal apart. So example, one of the
silicon compounds that we're also familiar with is sand silicon dioxide. Yeah, yeah,
silicon dioxide. Yeah, So silicon with two oxygen atoms attached
to it, right, So that means that you know, if

(01:42:00):
it was like carbon, then you could put sand in
water and maybe separate them apart, and you can't. It's
too resilient. Maybe you can, you know, melt them, Yes,
you can at high high temperatures. Right. Takes a very
very high temperature to melt sand, And when it does
melt sand, it gets a big flash of brightness and

(01:42:22):
then it's gone. Those are the atoms being separated because
they're binding. Energies are so high for silicon and two
oxygen atoms. That said, when you actually look at silicon
as a potential life I guess habitability element. I guess,

(01:42:46):
you know, as something that might be useful for life.
You need a lot of energy to break a silicon bond.
So when a grain of sand silicon dioxide enters your
atmosphere ninety miles over your head, you see bright flash.
We call it a meteor. Okay, Well that's the size
of a grain of sand right ninety miles away. You

(01:43:08):
can see a grain of sand ninety miles away as
long as it's on fire.

Speaker 1 (01:43:12):
Forty two thousand miles an hour or whatever it is
right when it's yeah.

Speaker 2 (01:43:16):
Yeah, so it burns up and that's the kind of
energy you need to separate those atoms from each other.
And that means that silicon is not very useful for
life's processes because the energy required to break the bonds
is way too high, and we don't see that in

(01:43:37):
a biological carbon based creature.

Speaker 1 (01:43:42):
Well, you know you've mentioned star Trek several times tonight,
so we can't leave without you doing, James Kirk.

Speaker 2 (01:43:50):
I don't believe for one minute, Scott, back me up here.
Silicon bonds bonds to oxygen and makes sand. Well you
know that's it, right, I mean, that's it.

Speaker 1 (01:44:10):
Thanks for doing that. I put you right on the spot.
But yeah, Mark, thanks so much. It's been a real pleasure.
And you're the best. I mean here, I contacted you
a few hours ago and you said, sure, I love it.
So I like the spirit and I like your brain too.
You have a lot of great information green power.

Speaker 2 (01:44:30):
Well, hey, the truth is, truth is you've got a
great audience, Martan. And unfortunately Katie couldn't make it. Love
Katie to death, you know, the great good friend. I'm
sorry she couldn't make it. H And to basically be
part of her company is a good thing. So in
your company too. You're a good guy.

Speaker 1 (01:44:50):
All right, man, all right, we'll see you up in
shag Haba. I'll be there just a few weeks, coming
up shore up.

Speaker 2 (01:44:57):
Yeah, that's all right, I'll be there, all right.

Speaker 1 (01:44:59):
So sky Tour everyone check that out over at oh
telescope giveaway.

Speaker 2 (01:45:07):
Telescopes and binoculars.

Speaker 1 (01:45:10):
And it's skytur live dot com or dot org.

Speaker 2 (01:45:14):
What is it both, it's a it's a it's a
five one three nonprofit.

Speaker 1 (01:45:18):
Uh.

Speaker 2 (01:45:19):
And our whole point is to bring the astronomy to
the masses. And we don't charge them for anything. And
we do they can't support us if they want. We
have a Patreon and all that, but the bottom line
is that we giveaway equipment. We give away the pictures
we take too. So when you see a picture you
like it, Wow, that's such a beautiful picture. Guess what

(01:45:39):
it'll be yours three seconds after we save it and
you can do it. Oh yeah, it's a lot of
cool fun.

Speaker 1 (01:45:45):
Yeah yeah, excellent. Thank you, Mark, and I'll talk to
you soon. All right, good night, alardy one. So don't
forget next week Tuesday, I'll probably be talking. I might
have two shows on Tuesday talking about the hearing, which
I'm not going to be. It's going to be the first.
I'm not going to make it to it. It's the
first one i'll miss out of the U. This will

(01:46:05):
be the third one that is open to the public,
and not going to make that one this time. But anyway,
I'm going to try to cover it. I'll try to
get some help there to get some information about what
is going on and all that. It's possible. Tyler Roberts
and I might do something together on that. We were
we met for the second or third time. I think

(01:46:26):
it was this weekend at Exeter and he was interested
in doing something. Not sure if that's going to happen,
so Dave Scott next week on Tuesday, and Charles Lear
on Thursday of next week. Thanks so much everyone. Remember
to keep your eyes to the sky somet

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693. Marc D'Antonio | 3I/Atlas Truths & Myths

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