Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:15):
Pushkin. Hello Tim Harford here. I've been sitting on some
great ideas for gripping cautionary tales. Their stories full of
exactly the sort of instructive downfalls and disasters that I love,
but I've never quite found the right place to tell
(00:37):
them during our normal episodes. So I've created five Cautionary
Tales shorts. You're about to hear one of these bitesize
stories right now, but there are four more cautionary Tale
shorts available exclusively to Pushkin Plus subscribers to hear them.
Subscribe to Pushkin Plus in Apple Podcasts or at pushkin
(00:57):
dot Fm. You'll receive other bonus content and add free
listening on all Pushkin shows, including Cautionary Tales for Visionist History,
The Happiness Lab, Against the Rules, and many others. Enjoy Disneyland,
the Happiest Place on Earth December fifth, nineteen eighty five,
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As a celebration of Walt Disney's birthday and the thirtieth
anniversary of Disneyland's opening, Disney release a world breaking flock
of helium balloons, more than one million soar into the
blue California sky, gladdening hearts everywhere. Hold my beard Disneyland,
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says Cleveland, A million balloons isn't cool. You know what's cool,
two million balloons. Nine months later, excitement is building in
public Square in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. Above the square, billooing
in a stiff breeze is a net filled with a
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mind boggling mass of helium filled multicolored latex balloons. The
balloon mass oozes and bulges, eager for sweet release into
the gray, overcast Midwestern skies. I'm Tim Harford, and you're
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listening to cautionary tales. When Disneyland had released those balloons,
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Cleveland had been watching from the shores of Chili Lake Erie.
Cleveland had endured a lot a steel industry and decline,
a popular that had nearly halved, a river so polluted
that it regularly caught fire. People would sneer that the
wants proud city of Cleveland was the mistake on the lake.
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But by the mid nineteen eighties, Cleveland was fighting back,
securing tourist attractions such as the Rock and Roll Hall
of Fame and well, what about a Disneyland style balloon release.
Cleveland's branch of the nonprofit United Way is behind the
quest to break the Guinness World Record for a mass
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release of balloons. The idea is that local kids will
collect sponsorship for each balloon, and everyone knows that the
record breaking balloon release is about much more than raising
money for good causes. It's about civic pride. Beneath the hovering,
gelatinous form of the balloon mass, more than two thousand
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young volunteers are inflating, knotting, and then releasing each newly
buoyant balloon to join the angry swarm lowering overhead. Many
of them wear tape on their fingers in an effort
to prevent blisters. For those blisters usually come anyway. After
the sixth or seven hundredth balloon of the day, there
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is no art without suffering. The local TV station is
buzzing with excitement. The distinctive Cleveland TV hosts Chuck Shadowski
and John Rinaldi of The Big Chuck and Little John
Show are there on the scenes interviewing the organizers, the children,
and the excited crowd. Mary Ellen is one of them.
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She's an elderly lady in a two toned stripy blue dress.
She had brought two bunches of green and pink helium
balloons to donate to the effort, but attached one of
those bunches to her watch strap. The strap came loose
and the balloons stole her watch away into the sky.
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TV host Big Chuck from behind the finest tinted aviator
shades that nineteen eighty six can offer, sympathizes with Mary Ellen.
If anybody finds Mary Ellen's watch tied to a bunch
of balloons like this, announce his Big Chuck live on air.
If you return it to the station, we'll have all
kinds of rewards for you, all kinds of rewards. And
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there we see the whole Cleveland balloon fest in miniature,
a well meaning gesture, a bit of bad luck, a
rather predictable mishap, and extremely vague promises of good things
to come. Cleveland, it's your time, says Treb Hinding to
the TV cameras. It's time to say yes. Treb is
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indisputably the best balloon guy on the planet. He's sitting
under the growing balloon cloud out on Cleveland's public Square,
looking sharp in a flat white cap, blue blazer and
red tie. Treb has the fastest balloon hands in the world.
Armed with a helium hose. He can inflate and tie
a thousand balloons an hour. He's from California. He worked
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on the Disneyland balloon release. Now he's in charge of
Cleveland's attempt to break the record. As he speaks to
the camera, cruise balloon after balloon rises in the background
to join its roiling siblings above. Treb has definitely read
the memo about Cleveland's civic pride. It's time to say
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it's a happening city where on the move. It's no
longer the butt of jokes. In his months working on
the project, Treb Hining seems to have picked up a
certain energy from his colleagues. An inflated inferiority complex and
Treb and his two million balloons, well, they're going to help.
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Those balloons will bring, as Big Chuck might say, all
kinds of rewards. I've been in this city for six
months and I absolutely love it, Treb continues. My wife
and I have even talked of moving here, and our
friends in La think we're nuts. Treb, maybe stop now,
but it is a wonderful place. If I had money
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to invest, this is where ar'd be invested. Treb's team
have built a formidable temporary structure with a one piece net.
Every newspaper report notes that this net was made by
the guys who also made cargo nets for the Space Shuttle.
It's designed to withstand a sixty mile per hour wind.
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But September weather in Cleveland isn't as predictable as the
weather at Disneyland. The night before the big release, a
sudden storm blew in out on the lake. The way
eaves swelled alarmingly. Small boats hurried to get to shore.
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It was frightening. One boat didn't return, and the coast
guard headed out to try to find two missing fishermen.
Even in the safety of the city, the storm was
gusting at ninety miles an hour. As it hit Public Square,
where the balloons were being stored. It was like a
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mini tornado, recalled one of the team, Things like chairs
were physically picked up and spun in circles. Yet when
the morning comes, but net is mostly intact. There are
a few rips, a few balloons might have fled out,
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but nothing that will jeopardize the big day. But the
balloon release team are worried that a second storm is
forecast to hit. With the weather closing in the organizers
decide to stop filling the net. There aren't two million
balloons in there yet, but there are plenty, definitely more
than Disneyland. The balloon release begins with a mass countdown,
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are you watching Mickey Mouse? Bah? Three? Two? Then with
cheers and whistles and screams of triumph. The net is
withdrawn and the balloons, every color of the rainbow, rise
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into the air, but at a distance, the colors merge
to form a rusty cloud that royals around the city's
iconic terminal tower. It's not a beautiful sight. It looks
like blood released into water. It's unsettling. It was overwhelming.
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Balloons start like boiling in the air, recalled the local reporter.
You thought, wow, we're going to drown in these balloons.
The TV presenter, little John Ronaldi, isn't going to let
the bilious storm cloud of balloons detract from the excitement.
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He bellows, Cleveland, Gas, the Cleveland, All this in Cleveland. Indeed,
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Cleveland has had its big build up. The balloons are free,
and now what. A few years ago, three psychologists Jeff Gallac,
Julian Givey, and Eleanor Williams examined the question of why
so many Christmas or Birthday gifts are a bit disappointing.
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The researchers argued that while there were many ways in
which a gift might fall flat, there was a single
simple error behind them. All. When people bought gifts, they
thought about the moment at which the gift would be unwrapped,
the surprise, the delight, perhaps a grateful hug. All too
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often they didn't think beyond that. This explains why people
give silly, joke gifts. It explains why they give stuff
rather than experiences. It's hard to gift wrap and experience.
And I think it also explains why the Cleveland balloon
Fest happened. The idea of releasing so many balloons, of
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breaking the record, the sheer spectacle of the moment, it
seems so exciting. It's only after the balloons have been
released and the net droops flacidly to the ground that
you start to ask questions like where are those balloons
going to go? Are people actually going to start moving
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back to Cleveland because of a balloon record? And don't
we love Disneyland because we love the characters and the
scenery and the rides rather than because it released a
million balloons. The wind and rain hit not long after
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the balloon release, and the balloons started dropping out of
the sky as rapidly as they'd risen. There were reports
of a few minor traffic accidents, and the local airport
had to shut down a runway for a while. In
a nearby farm, thoroughbred horses injured themselves after being spooked
by the balloons. But the most obvious problem was the mess.
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Cleveland was now covered in shreds of lay techs. As
for those cruel jibes about the mistake on the lake,
they were becoming uncomfortably accurate because gazing out over Lake
Erie from Cleveland, the water was covered in balloons. The
morning of the big release, the coast Guard found the
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boat with the two missing fishermen, but the men themselves.
The search became impossible. Rescue teams were out on boats
scanning the water looking for a bright orange life jacket
or ahead bobbing in the waves amid a couple of
hundred thousand balloons. Eventually the search was abandoned. The bodies
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of the missing fishermen washed ashore a few days later.
They were probably dead before the balloons were released, but
the widow of one of the men sued United Way
for over three million dollars. The case was settled out
of court. So two was a case brought by the
woman who owned those terrified prize horses. By then, of course,
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the surviving balloons had long since blown to Canada. Latex
takes a while to biodegrade, while helium is a scarce
and non renewable resource. The whole thing seems like environmental
negligence at best, but treb hining. The balloon mastermind was
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infuriated by the idea that we should worry about a
little latex. I've been in the balloon industry for years
trying to spread joy and happiness, he complained to the
Chicago Tribune. Are you going to eliminate everything on the
face of the earth that creates happiness? If you eat
enough apple pie, you can die? And what about fireworks?
Are you going to ban them because they put a
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few chemicals in the air. It's very unfair to make
this a litter issue. The balloon fest was not a
resounding success. Amidst all the aches, United Way lost money.
A representative said we would not do a balloon launch
ever again. And what about that record a delightful short
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documentary Balloon Fest by filmmaker Nathan trusdall ends by noting
that the event was not recognized by the Guinness Book
of Records. Local newspapers tell the same story that it
was never an official record, but then someone found a
small print in an old edition of the Guinness Book
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of Records, Page two hundred and ninety says the largest
ever mass balloon release was one of one million, four
hundred and twenty nine thousand, six hundred and forty three
sponsored by United Way at Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio,
on September the twenty seventh, nineteen eighty six. So there
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you go. It was wrong to say the record wasn't
recognized as a Guinness World Record. More accurate is to
say that while Cleveland did break the record, the whole
thing was so obscure that people thought it hadn't and
people still take their vacations in Disneyland rather than Cleveland.
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In two thousand and eleven, twenty five years after the
original release, balloon Master Treb Hining told the Cleveland Plain
Dealer that the record still stood. Of course it did,
as the Plain Dealer noted, after the trouble the balloon
launch caused no one around here would ever try a
stunt like that. Again, it's good to dream big, but
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whether we're picking out a holiday present or planning to
release two million balloons, we should imagine not just the
moment of climax, but what happens afterwards, and whether it's
really likely to play out as we hope. As for
Mary Ellen's missing watch stolen away by a rogue bunch
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of balloons, your guests is as good as mine. Nathan
Truesdell's documentary is balloon Fest. It's available to watch for
free online. For a full list of our sources, please
see the show notes at Tim Harford dot com. Cautionary
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Tales is written by me Tim Harford with Andrew Wright.
It's produced by Ryan Dilley with support from Courtney Guarino
and Emily Vaughan. The sound design and original music is
the work of Pascal Wise. Julia Barton edited the scripts.
It features the voice talents of Ben Crowe, Melanie Gutridge,
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Stella Harford, and Rufus Wright. The show also wouldn't have
been possible without the work of Mere LaBelle, Jacob Weisberg,
Heather Fane, John Schnarz, Carlie Mighiori, Eric Sandler, Royston Basserve,
Maggie Taylor, Nicole Mrano, Daniellow, Lakhan, and Maya Kanig. Cautionary
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Tales is a production of Pushkin Industries. If you like
the show, please remember to share, rate, and review.