June 26, 2025 • 27 mins
Sam speaks to Intopia digital accessibility consultant Andrew Arch about a new series of guidelines Intopia have been working on together with the Australian Human Rights Commission.
Then after we hear from Andrew, Sam speaks to optometrist Greeshma Patel from Specsavers about some new findings around presbyopia, an eye condition affecting many Australians over 40.
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Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
S1 (00:13):
From Vision Australia. This is talking vision. And now here's
your host Sam Colley.
S2 (00:23):
Hello, everyone. It's great to be here with you. And
for the next half hour we talk matters of blindness
and low vision.
S3 (00:30):
Some of the organizations that we in Utopia talk to say, yeah, yeah,
we test our stuff with Nvda, but they know what
they can see on the screen so they know what
is happening and should come out. Whereas if you get
somebody who relies on Nvidia, for instance, to run through
as a new user, if you like, then that experience
can be quite different from the tech person checking it.
(00:51):
And they wrote it and they know exactly what's inside
it and what to expect.
S2 (00:55):
Welcome to the program. This week we catch up with
Andrew Archer from Intopia, who you heard there. Now Intopia
has been involved with quite lengthy discussions with the Australian
Human Rights Commission around a recent set of updated guidelines
regarding ways that digital resources can be made even more
(01:18):
accessible for users with disabilities, including blindness and low vision.
That conversation is coming up very shortly, so make sure
to stick around. And then after that, you'll hear from
optometrist Greeshma Patel, who's here to chat to us about
an eye condition known as presbyopia, as well as some
(01:41):
recent findings related to the condition. I hope you'll enjoy
this week's episode of Talking Vision. In recent weeks and months,
the Australian Human Rights Commission have updated their series of
guidelines regarding best practices for digital accessibility, often aligning with
(02:05):
the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but they go further than that.
They also focus on making digital content and experiences perceivable, operable,
understandable and robust for all users, including those with disabilities.
And one of the organizations that was central to giving
(02:26):
their feedback and insights on how to make the guidelines
as effective as possible was Intopia. And it's my great
pleasure to welcome Andrew Arch from Intopia, their principal digital
accessibility consultant, to Talking Vision. Andrew, welcome to Talking Vision.
Thank you very much for your time.
S3 (02:47):
Thank you for inviting us.
S2 (02:49):
Now firstly, Andrew, let's go to the heart of things
and have a bit of a chat about the guidelines themselves.
So tell us about the guidelines.
S3 (02:58):
Guidelines have been updated by the Australian Human Rights Commission
because it was recognised that the previous version and we
were up to version 4.1, I think it was, um,
we're ten years, 11 years old now and their title
gives that away. They were called, um, access for under
the World Wide Web. We don't even call it the
(03:19):
World Wide Web anymore, just the web. But digital accessibility
has become all pervasive, or digital access has become all pervasive.
You know, we've got apps, we've got software, we've got
all sorts of social media platforms. Everything you do requires
you to have some sort of nearly everything you do
requires you to have some sort of digital access these days.
(03:41):
And so it was in recognition of that all pervasive
requirement for digital access that made the commission look at it.
It's time to update this from just the World Wide Web,
which is sort of where we got started with digital
stuff in many respects some decades ago to digital is everywhere.
That was the the driver for putting this update together.
(04:02):
And the commission approached us in late 2023. Well, they
put it out to tender and we were the people
who were selected to do that in late 2023 to
develop this update, which was released in April this year.
So it took about an 18 month time frame to
write those and go through all the consultation processes and
(04:24):
review processes.
S2 (04:25):
Tell us a bit about those processes, Andrew, and specifically
your and Netapp's involvement with the composers of the guidelines
and with the Commission and your feedback and insights.
S3 (04:40):
A couple of us in Intopia had been working on
a pro-bono version of this for a couple of years prior, primarily, um,
put together by a group of people, um, being run
by Greg Allchin from Service New South Wales. Some of
you listeners may know of Greg Olsen, and in fact,
you know, he'll be an interesting person for you to
(05:00):
get on board in terms of all the work he's
done inside the New South Wales Government to drive digital
accessibility there. Be worth a chat at some stage if
you get that opportunity. But the commission said we haven't
got a formal process here. We need to create a
formal process for updating the note rather than this piecemeal. Yes,
it might get done. Process. So we we had a
(05:21):
draft that we'd been participating in, um, to work with
when the commission decided it needed to go to market
to formalise the whole process. And Intopia was engaged to
write the document, basically. So we had a starting point
with that material that Greg Olsen had put together. But
we also worked with the commission to say, okay, what
did they want to see in it and how should
(05:43):
it be structured? So we were in fact, we ended
up drafting some of the earlier legal stuff as well,
but that went through a lot of internal review and
rewriting inside the commission, and we took responsibility to write
the more technical side, the more standard side, the more
how should organisations do this? So that process took, as
(06:05):
I said, 18 months overall. And so, you know, one
of the things that we did was we set up
some advisory groups to two different advisory groups, one looking
at the technology side and one looking at the impact
on the user. So we had a some representative user representatives,
people who relied on technology and having it accessible, as
well as some organizations that represented people with disability. So
(06:29):
we had people who sort of do the technical stuff
and people who rely on on the outcome of that
as two different technical advisory, two different advisory groups. The
commission was also inputting into the process, particularly, as I said,
on the legal side, but they were relying on us
and the advisory groups to sort of write the what
should be included, when should it be considered? We also
went out for a public comment at one point and
(06:51):
got quite some quite good feedback on that. Interestingly, some
of the comment that came back in the public feedback
was tell us exactly what to do. Well, these are
guidelines and we can't tell everybody exactly what to do,
they need to make that decision by themselves. But, you know,
that was one of the bits of feedback that was
interesting but not surprising to get. We went through probably
(07:13):
6 or 7 drafts overall throughout that process and some restructuring,
as we worked out better ways to present a better
order to present it. The commission had quite a bit
of input into that, and so we ended up breaking
it up into three different chapters. You know, one that's
more looking at the legal stuff, one that was looking
at the more broadly how to and then one that
(07:34):
final chapter that was looking at, okay, what are the
standards um, from standards Australia, from government, from industry and
other things that people should be looking at to adhere
to the idea of breaking it up into those three
sections was that we hope it as a modular set
of guidance. It can be updated more frequently. And, you know,
(07:55):
that's that's the problem with the law. Now, the law
doesn't mention because it's 1992 pre-digital pre-web, unless you happen
to be working in SRO, CSIRO or in university at
the time. It's very hard to update the law. It's
much easier to update guidance under the law. So the
Commission is hopeful that it'll be able to keep this
more up to date. The way that we structured this
set of guidelines versus the way that the previous notes
(08:17):
about the World Wide Web accessibility had been written. That's
sort of the process that we went through.
S2 (08:22):
Fair enough. And Andrew, what's been the biggest advantages from
Interpares point of view that have come out of the
new iteration of the guidelines? What's been the most pleasing aspect?
S3 (08:36):
I think the way that we've called it out, because
a lot of people talk about the web content accessibility guidelines,
which are sort of the international standard that we all
start with and say, yeah, but that only applies to
online services to our websites and our web services. I
think the big thing here is that through this, the
commissioner has called out that this applies not just to
(08:56):
anything online with a browser interface, but to digital books,
learning materials, emails, games, mobile applications, even. You know, we
call that things like two factor authentication, that type of issue. Um,
virtual reality, you know, extended reality, augmented reality as we
call it, digital wallets, anything that touches digital and has
(09:18):
a digital interface of some sort to it through a
screen is in scope of the DDA and calling that
out so that people can't say, oh, the Web content
Accessibility guidelines are just about web. Yep. Okay. We don't
need to worry about them for this. So, you know,
we're also getting, you know, organizations saying, you know, we
also need to look at the stuff we've got internally
in our organization to support our staff, like the HR system,
(09:39):
the payroll system, and so on. So that's that's some
of the changes that we see being a big win
across the board.
S2 (09:47):
Andrew, I'd love to focus on a bit of a
blindness and low vision aspect. In particular, I want to
talk about the advances in things like jaws, things like
zoom text, things like Nvda, all those sort of magnification
screen readers, and also guidelines around alt text and image descriptions.
(10:07):
What's been the big things from that side of thing
that people can look forward to reading about more in
the guidelines, given the advances in 11 years, with all
those sort of little bits and pieces.
S3 (10:21):
Oh, a lot of that software has come a long way,
and some of it's starting to use AI now, artificial
intelligence built into it, which is an advantage but also
a disadvantage. The other flip side of that is the
way that some organizations are using plug ins to try
and solve their accessibility problem, that rely on artificial intelligence
and artificial intelligence in that respect isn't mature enough. But
(10:45):
from the assistive technology side of it, you know, one
of the things that we're seeing and that we've emphasised
in this new guidance is that it's not just about
getting it technically right, it also has to work for users.
So making sure that people or encouraging strongly encouraging people
to undertake usability testing with people with. With disability who
(11:06):
are using assistive technologies. I mean, some of the organizations
that we in Edutopia talk to say, yeah, yeah, we
test our stuff with Nvda, but they know what they
can see on the screen so they know what is
happening and should come out. Whereas if you get somebody
who relies on Nvidia, for instance, to run through as
a new user, if you like, then that experience can
(11:27):
be quite different from the tech person checking it. And
they wrote it and they know exactly what's inside it
and what to expect from, you know, how the screens
were put together, how the text was written, how the
services are meant to be interacted with. They've got that
inside knowledge. That means that they're not testing it, even
though they might be running a screen reader over it.
They're not testing it to the extent that means that
it's usable by somebody. They just testing that. Yep. I'm
(11:50):
getting the right sort of output here from what I expect,
which is very, very different from doing usability testing. So
one of the things that the guidelines are saying also
is you've got to consider accessibility from the start of
a tech project. And you've got to make sure that
after you've got it technically correct, you've tested it, that
it's actually usable, and then you've got to make sure
that all your maintenance considers accessibility as well, because we've
(12:12):
always seen, you know, over time, you know, little tweaks happen,
pages get rewritten, an image gets changed, and the alt
text is not updated, for instance. Um, you know, it
still talks about on the florist site, the roses for
Valentine's Day, whereas they've changed it over to chrysanthemums for
Mums Day, but didn't change the the alt text saying,
you know, red roses versus white chrysanthemums, that type of
(12:33):
thing we're talking now about in these guidelines about the
whole entire length of the project from conception to maintenance
or even retirement. So that's from the assistive tech perspective
that becomes important that those considerations are considered early, not
just the technical risk considerations, but then those, um, assistive
tech are tested not just by somebody who knows what
(12:55):
the product should do, but by people who are going
to rely on using that assistive tech to interact with
that organization.
S2 (13:01):
I'd love to touch back on that discussion you're having
before about the increased modularity and the increased flexibility of
these new guidelines in terms of being more receptive and
being able to react in quicker time to advances in
digital access, in assistive technology and technology more broadly, really.
(13:25):
So from your perspective, what's the biggest things for people
to be aware of? Organizations in charge of things like
these guidelines to be aware of in upcoming months and
years relating to these areas of accessibility?
S3 (13:41):
Australia tends not to develop too many standards for accessibility
through standards Australia. What we tend to do, because we're
a small player internationally is adopt some of the international standards.
And so one of the standards that we adopted back
in 2016 for the first time was something called accessibility
requirements for ICT products and services. So that's a standard
(14:03):
that has gone through various iterations under Standards Australia through adoption.
And we've updated that adoption half a dozen times, probably
maybe five times since we first adopted it, because the
Europeans have updated their version. So by having that in
a separate chapter in this document means that we can
refer to the latest versions of this which are going
(14:24):
to stand up, make things more accessible, because rather than
relying on something that might have been hardwired, if you like,
into the guidelines, hopefully, you know, those chapters that are
about best practice can be updated more frequently as practice
changes and expectations change. But then the chapters that refer
to both government standards and international standards that we've adopted,
(14:48):
that should be the underpinning for what people meet, as
a minimum, will also be updated on a regular basis,
so that we can make sure that those can be
kept current, rather than referring to wcaG two, for instance,
which has gone through wcaG 2.1 and wcaG 2.2 over
the last ten years as well. And, you know, the
note wasn't kept up to date because of the way
(15:08):
it was written. So that modularity, we hope, will enable
the Commission to keep this current.
S2 (15:13):
Now finally, Andrew, what's the best way for people to
find out more about the guidelines or have a look
through some other resources that are available for people through
intopia around digital accessibility.
S3 (15:29):
So in conjunction with the Commission, we put together a
page of resources, and that page of resources would allow
people to go and actually listen to Rosemary, the Disability
Discrimination Commissioner, talking about the guidelines on the day that
they were released. We ran a webinar. We then ran
a webinar about a month later asking people to come
and ask some questions, because we didn't have the time
(15:51):
in the first webinar to do that. So both of
those are recorded and are available from our resources page
at intopia. That's probably the best starting point, and it
points to the commissioner's press release as well as to
the guidelines as well as to some other resources. So
that's probably the best place to go and have a look.
But if you go straight to the Human Rights Commission's
homepage and go to disability rights, you'll find the guidelines
(16:15):
themselves there. And they've been published in HTML, in word
and in PDF in an accessible well, as accessible as
PDF can be and accessible PDF. So depending on whether
people want to download and have a print copy, or
they want to read them online and how they want
to do that, there's three different formats there for people
to read.
S2 (16:33):
Perfect. Well, I've been speaking today with Andrew Arch, principal
digital accessibility consultant at Intopia, about the guidelines on equal
access to digital goods and services. Andrew, thank you very
much for your time today. It's been great to catch
up with you and have a chat about the guidelines.
S3 (16:55):
Great, and hopefully we can do something similar in the future.
S2 (17:03):
I'm Sam Corley and you're listening to Talking Vision on
Vision Australia Radio. Associated Stations of Reading Radio and the
Community Radio Network. I hope you enjoyed that conversation there
with Andrew Arch from Intopia. If you missed any part
of that conversation with Andrew or you'd love to hear
(17:25):
it again. Talking vision can be found on the Vision
Australia Radio website. Simply head to Viva Radio. That's all.
One word dot. Or you can find the program on
the podcast app of your choice or through the Vision
Australia library. New research shows that nearly three quarters of
(17:48):
Australians aged 35 to 50 have never heard of a
common age related eye condition called presbyopia, which is likely
causing their vision issues. Individuals rely on temporary fixes to cope.
Masking the condition and delaying timely diagnosis and treatment. Optometrists
(18:10):
are urging people to watch out for workarounds and if
they find themselves enlarging text, holding print at arm's length,
or having trouble seeing the dashboard when driving, particularly at night,
it's time to book an eye test and to have
a chat with me all about this. I have Greeshma Patel,
(18:30):
Specsavers optometrist, here to tell us all about presbyopia and
the new research Greeshma. Welcome to Talking Vision. Thank you
very much for your time today.
S4 (18:43):
Thanks, Dan.
S2 (18:44):
Now, firstly, Greeshma, can you tell us more about the
new research findings?
S4 (18:50):
So Specsavers have done a national survey which has recently
found that a really common eye I condition that affects
adults is actually something that a lot of adults aren't
aware of. Up to 72% of adults don't realize that
they're going through these midlife changes when they occur. So
(19:11):
I want to draw attention today to the fact that presbyopia,
which is this eye condition that affects a lot of
people around 40 years old, is quite normal. And I
want to go through some points on how to look
out for it and what to do if you start
noticing symptoms.
S2 (19:28):
What are the risks associated with undiagnosed presbyopia?
S4 (19:34):
So I'll start by explaining what presbyopia is, and then
we can have a look at the risks. Because presbyopia
is essentially when your lens inside the eye just doesn't
work as well when it's trying to focus on a
near object. So what that means is your long distance
vision may still feel good, and you may still see
things clearly. But when you go to pick up your
(19:54):
phone to read or you pick up a book, you
may notice that your vision isn't as clear or as
comfortable as it used to be. Now, the risks associated
with presbyopia if it's undiagnosed, untreated, if we're not doing
anything about it and we're just putting up with this
strain when we're reading, is that possibly you misread your
medication labels? You may misread ingredients when you're at the supermarket,
(20:17):
and especially with certain contrast on labels, if you're not
looking at black on white, if you're looking at white
writing on a colored label, you may find that you
make mistakes. So those people that have allergies or sensitivities
that are trying to avoid certain ingredients in foods could struggle.
But I'd say more importantly, it's medication bottles and important instructions.
If you can't read, you'd be struggling and mistakes happen there.
S2 (20:39):
And greeshma what are some common misconceptions or some signs
that often lead people to overlook conditions like presbyopia?
S4 (20:49):
So I see this all the time, Sam. So a
lot of misconceptions about presbyopia and other eye conditions is
that if I go to see my optometrist because I'm
having this problem with reading. I'll end up getting glasses
and they will make my eyes worse. And that's not true.
So glasses can't make your eyesight worse. In fact, something
like presbyopia is a condition that occurs with or without intervention.
(21:12):
So the lens goes through natural changes as we age.
And unfortunately, I have to use that term, even though
we're talking about this happening in our 40s, the lens
starts to harden. In fact, it starts hardening a little
bit before that. But a lot of my patients will
notice that they're struggling to see things around the time
of their 40s. And this is a working age group.
(21:32):
So people that are using computers, they're reading documents, they're
on their phones and they're looking at detail. If we're
not picking up on these signs and symptoms early, it
slows you down at work. And it's where mistakes are made.
And it's just a harder day and actually ultimately can
cause headaches. But the most common misconception around this is
if I start wearing glasses, it's a downward slippery slope
(21:53):
and I'm going to need glasses forever, and it's going
to make my eyes worse. And I just want to
dispel that myth.
S2 (21:59):
Greeshma why is it so important to have regular eye tests,
especially as Australians do get older?
S4 (22:06):
So two parts of that, Sam actually. So Australia is
a place that we have a lot of UV exposure
and a lot of the time from childhood years. So
with a lot of UV exposure comes the risk of
developing UV related conditions. And with the eyes we're talking
about early stages of cataracts or macular degeneration. These are
conditions that can be exacerbated by UV exposure. So over time,
(22:29):
it's important to understand your risk and understand whether these
have impacted the eyes, whether it has impacted the eyes.
Things like smoking can cause premature problems with eyes as well,
and certain health conditions like diabetes. So having these tests done,
having your eyes tested from an early age, even before
you start noticing symptoms is really useful because if there
(22:51):
is something to monitor, we can do that in optometry now,
especially at Specsavers, we offer 3D retinal scan called Oct scanning,
which is really useful in the diagnosing and detecting eye
conditions a lot earlier than if we were just to
not present grotesque, but certainly if we were to use
traditional methods. So things like glaucoma and macular disease can
(23:14):
be picked up a lot sooner. Just need to present yourself.
And eye tests are bulk billed these days, so there's
no charge, no cost to you. Just popping in for
a test for clarinet is useful, and especially if you're
having symptoms, don't hang about. Go and get your eyes tested,
because sometimes what seems as though it could be a
very simple focusing problem could actually be an underlying eye condition.
(23:35):
And this is where we want to pick these things
up early.
S2 (23:38):
On that note. Finally, grishma, where can Australians go to
learn more? Or to book an eye test.
S4 (23:45):
So you can pop onto our website Specsavers. Com.au. A
list of common eye conditions are on their stores that
you can book in for an eye examination. An opportunity
to talk to cut your Medicare card in there. So,
you know it's going to be bulk billed and there's
probably a Specsavers close to you wherever you are or
within reasonable distance. So hopefully we're widely accessible. So pop
(24:07):
in when you can. And if you're walking past a
practice and you're not sure if you'll get that chance
again because you're busy, just pop in on the off chance.
S2 (24:14):
Well, I've been speaking today with Grishma Patel, optometrist at Specsavers.
Chatting to me today about presbyopia and the ways that
it can be treated. Greeshma thank you so much for
your time today. It was great to catch up with you.
S4 (24:31):
Thank you Sam.
S2 (24:34):
For the first time, people across Australia are participating in
a national survey radio and you designed to capture the
real impact of community radio. The results will inform discussions
with government decision makers, helping to secure future support and
funding for the entire community broadcasting sector. If you're a
(24:59):
listener to Vision Australia Radio or any other community radio
organisation and you'd love to have your say, this is
the perfect opportunity to do so. Simply head to the
Vision Australia Radio Facebook page and Search Radio and you
to find out all about the survey and the link
(25:21):
to take part. The survey closes on the 30th of June,
so you still have a few days to have your
say and get involved. Any support you can offer would
be fantastic. So make sure to spread the word if
you haven't taken part in the survey already. Also, jump
in and have your say and let people know who
(25:44):
might also be interested to have their say about the
future of community radio in 2025. And that's all the
time we have for today. You've been listening to Talking Vision.
Talking vision is a Vision Australia radio production. Thanks to
(26:08):
all involved with putting the show together every week. And remember,
we love hearing from you. So please get in touch
anytime on our email at Talking Vision at Vision Australia dot.
That's talking vision all. One word at Vision Australia. But
until next week it's Sam Culley saying bye for now.
S1 (26:32):
You can contact Vision Australia by phoning us anytime during
business hours on one 384 746. That's one 384 74
six or by visiting Vision Australia. That's Vision Australia.
From Vision Australia. This is talking vision. And now here's
your host Sam Colley.
S2 (00:23):
Hello, everyone. It's great to be here with you. And
for the next half hour we talk matters of blindness
and low vision.
S3 (00:30):
Some of the organizations that we in Utopia talk to say, yeah, yeah,
we test our stuff with Nvda, but they know what
they can see on the screen so they know what
is happening and should come out. Whereas if you get
somebody who relies on Nvidia, for instance, to run through
as a new user, if you like, then that experience
can be quite different from the tech person checking it.
(00:51):
And they wrote it and they know exactly what's inside
it and what to expect.
S2 (00:55):
Welcome to the program. This week we catch up with
Andrew Archer from Intopia, who you heard there. Now Intopia
has been involved with quite lengthy discussions with the Australian
Human Rights Commission around a recent set of updated guidelines
regarding ways that digital resources can be made even more
(01:18):
accessible for users with disabilities, including blindness and low vision.
That conversation is coming up very shortly, so make sure
to stick around. And then after that, you'll hear from
optometrist Greeshma Patel, who's here to chat to us about
an eye condition known as presbyopia, as well as some
(01:41):
recent findings related to the condition. I hope you'll enjoy
this week's episode of Talking Vision. In recent weeks and months,
the Australian Human Rights Commission have updated their series of
guidelines regarding best practices for digital accessibility, often aligning with
(02:05):
the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but they go further than that.
They also focus on making digital content and experiences perceivable, operable,
understandable and robust for all users, including those with disabilities.
And one of the organizations that was central to giving
(02:26):
their feedback and insights on how to make the guidelines
as effective as possible was Intopia. And it's my great
pleasure to welcome Andrew Arch from Intopia, their principal digital
accessibility consultant, to Talking Vision. Andrew, welcome to Talking Vision.
Thank you very much for your time.
S3 (02:47):
Thank you for inviting us.
S2 (02:49):
Now firstly, Andrew, let's go to the heart of things
and have a bit of a chat about the guidelines themselves.
So tell us about the guidelines.
S3 (02:58):
Guidelines have been updated by the Australian Human Rights Commission
because it was recognised that the previous version and we
were up to version 4.1, I think it was, um,
we're ten years, 11 years old now and their title
gives that away. They were called, um, access for under
the World Wide Web. We don't even call it the
(03:19):
World Wide Web anymore, just the web. But digital accessibility
has become all pervasive, or digital access has become all pervasive.
You know, we've got apps, we've got software, we've got
all sorts of social media platforms. Everything you do requires
you to have some sort of nearly everything you do
requires you to have some sort of digital access these days.
(03:41):
And so it was in recognition of that all pervasive
requirement for digital access that made the commission look at it.
It's time to update this from just the World Wide Web,
which is sort of where we got started with digital
stuff in many respects some decades ago to digital is everywhere.
That was the the driver for putting this update together.
(04:02):
And the commission approached us in late 2023. Well, they
put it out to tender and we were the people
who were selected to do that in late 2023 to
develop this update, which was released in April this year.
So it took about an 18 month time frame to
write those and go through all the consultation processes and
(04:24):
review processes.
S2 (04:25):
Tell us a bit about those processes, Andrew, and specifically
your and Netapp's involvement with the composers of the guidelines
and with the Commission and your feedback and insights.
S3 (04:40):
A couple of us in Intopia had been working on
a pro-bono version of this for a couple of years prior, primarily, um,
put together by a group of people, um, being run
by Greg Allchin from Service New South Wales. Some of
you listeners may know of Greg Olsen, and in fact,
you know, he'll be an interesting person for you to
(05:00):
get on board in terms of all the work he's
done inside the New South Wales Government to drive digital
accessibility there. Be worth a chat at some stage if
you get that opportunity. But the commission said we haven't
got a formal process here. We need to create a
formal process for updating the note rather than this piecemeal. Yes,
it might get done. Process. So we we had a
(05:21):
draft that we'd been participating in, um, to work with
when the commission decided it needed to go to market
to formalise the whole process. And Intopia was engaged to
write the document, basically. So we had a starting point
with that material that Greg Olsen had put together. But
we also worked with the commission to say, okay, what
did they want to see in it and how should
(05:43):
it be structured? So we were in fact, we ended
up drafting some of the earlier legal stuff as well,
but that went through a lot of internal review and
rewriting inside the commission, and we took responsibility to write
the more technical side, the more standard side, the more
how should organisations do this? So that process took, as
(06:05):
I said, 18 months overall. And so, you know, one
of the things that we did was we set up
some advisory groups to two different advisory groups, one looking
at the technology side and one looking at the impact
on the user. So we had a some representative user representatives,
people who relied on technology and having it accessible, as
well as some organizations that represented people with disability. So
(06:29):
we had people who sort of do the technical stuff
and people who rely on on the outcome of that
as two different technical advisory, two different advisory groups. The
commission was also inputting into the process, particularly, as I said,
on the legal side, but they were relying on us
and the advisory groups to sort of write the what
should be included, when should it be considered? We also
went out for a public comment at one point and
(06:51):
got quite some quite good feedback on that. Interestingly, some
of the comment that came back in the public feedback
was tell us exactly what to do. Well, these are
guidelines and we can't tell everybody exactly what to do,
they need to make that decision by themselves. But, you know,
that was one of the bits of feedback that was
interesting but not surprising to get. We went through probably
(07:13):
6 or 7 drafts overall throughout that process and some restructuring,
as we worked out better ways to present a better
order to present it. The commission had quite a bit
of input into that, and so we ended up breaking
it up into three different chapters. You know, one that's
more looking at the legal stuff, one that was looking
at the more broadly how to and then one that
(07:34):
final chapter that was looking at, okay, what are the
standards um, from standards Australia, from government, from industry and
other things that people should be looking at to adhere
to the idea of breaking it up into those three
sections was that we hope it as a modular set
of guidance. It can be updated more frequently. And, you know,
(07:55):
that's that's the problem with the law. Now, the law
doesn't mention because it's 1992 pre-digital pre-web, unless you happen
to be working in SRO, CSIRO or in university at
the time. It's very hard to update the law. It's
much easier to update guidance under the law. So the
Commission is hopeful that it'll be able to keep this
more up to date. The way that we structured this
set of guidelines versus the way that the previous notes
(08:17):
about the World Wide Web accessibility had been written. That's
sort of the process that we went through.
S2 (08:22):
Fair enough. And Andrew, what's been the biggest advantages from
Interpares point of view that have come out of the
new iteration of the guidelines? What's been the most pleasing aspect?
S3 (08:36):
I think the way that we've called it out, because
a lot of people talk about the web content accessibility guidelines,
which are sort of the international standard that we all
start with and say, yeah, but that only applies to
online services to our websites and our web services. I
think the big thing here is that through this, the
commissioner has called out that this applies not just to
(08:56):
anything online with a browser interface, but to digital books,
learning materials, emails, games, mobile applications, even. You know, we
call that things like two factor authentication, that type of issue. Um,
virtual reality, you know, extended reality, augmented reality as we
call it, digital wallets, anything that touches digital and has
(09:18):
a digital interface of some sort to it through a
screen is in scope of the DDA and calling that
out so that people can't say, oh, the Web content
Accessibility guidelines are just about web. Yep. Okay. We don't
need to worry about them for this. So, you know,
we're also getting, you know, organizations saying, you know, we
also need to look at the stuff we've got internally
in our organization to support our staff, like the HR system,
(09:39):
the payroll system, and so on. So that's that's some
of the changes that we see being a big win
across the board.
S2 (09:47):
Andrew, I'd love to focus on a bit of a
blindness and low vision aspect. In particular, I want to
talk about the advances in things like jaws, things like
zoom text, things like Nvda, all those sort of magnification
screen readers, and also guidelines around alt text and image descriptions.
(10:07):
What's been the big things from that side of thing
that people can look forward to reading about more in
the guidelines, given the advances in 11 years, with all
those sort of little bits and pieces.
S3 (10:21):
Oh, a lot of that software has come a long way,
and some of it's starting to use AI now, artificial
intelligence built into it, which is an advantage but also
a disadvantage. The other flip side of that is the
way that some organizations are using plug ins to try
and solve their accessibility problem, that rely on artificial intelligence
and artificial intelligence in that respect isn't mature enough. But
(10:45):
from the assistive technology side of it, you know, one
of the things that we're seeing and that we've emphasised
in this new guidance is that it's not just about
getting it technically right, it also has to work for users.
So making sure that people or encouraging strongly encouraging people
to undertake usability testing with people with. With disability who
(11:06):
are using assistive technologies. I mean, some of the organizations
that we in Edutopia talk to say, yeah, yeah, we
test our stuff with Nvda, but they know what they
can see on the screen so they know what is
happening and should come out. Whereas if you get somebody
who relies on Nvidia, for instance, to run through as
a new user, if you like, then that experience can
(11:27):
be quite different from the tech person checking it. And
they wrote it and they know exactly what's inside it
and what to expect from, you know, how the screens
were put together, how the text was written, how the
services are meant to be interacted with. They've got that
inside knowledge. That means that they're not testing it, even
though they might be running a screen reader over it.
They're not testing it to the extent that means that
it's usable by somebody. They just testing that. Yep. I'm
(11:50):
getting the right sort of output here from what I expect,
which is very, very different from doing usability testing. So
one of the things that the guidelines are saying also
is you've got to consider accessibility from the start of
a tech project. And you've got to make sure that
after you've got it technically correct, you've tested it, that
it's actually usable, and then you've got to make sure
that all your maintenance considers accessibility as well, because we've
(12:12):
always seen, you know, over time, you know, little tweaks happen,
pages get rewritten, an image gets changed, and the alt
text is not updated, for instance. Um, you know, it
still talks about on the florist site, the roses for
Valentine's Day, whereas they've changed it over to chrysanthemums for
Mums Day, but didn't change the the alt text saying,
you know, red roses versus white chrysanthemums, that type of
(12:33):
thing we're talking now about in these guidelines about the
whole entire length of the project from conception to maintenance
or even retirement. So that's from the assistive tech perspective
that becomes important that those considerations are considered early, not
just the technical risk considerations, but then those, um, assistive
tech are tested not just by somebody who knows what
(12:55):
the product should do, but by people who are going
to rely on using that assistive tech to interact with
that organization.
S2 (13:01):
I'd love to touch back on that discussion you're having
before about the increased modularity and the increased flexibility of
these new guidelines in terms of being more receptive and
being able to react in quicker time to advances in
digital access, in assistive technology and technology more broadly, really.
(13:25):
So from your perspective, what's the biggest things for people
to be aware of? Organizations in charge of things like
these guidelines to be aware of in upcoming months and
years relating to these areas of accessibility?
S3 (13:41):
Australia tends not to develop too many standards for accessibility
through standards Australia. What we tend to do, because we're
a small player internationally is adopt some of the international standards.
And so one of the standards that we adopted back
in 2016 for the first time was something called accessibility
requirements for ICT products and services. So that's a standard
(14:03):
that has gone through various iterations under Standards Australia through adoption.
And we've updated that adoption half a dozen times, probably
maybe five times since we first adopted it, because the
Europeans have updated their version. So by having that in
a separate chapter in this document means that we can
refer to the latest versions of this which are going
(14:24):
to stand up, make things more accessible, because rather than
relying on something that might have been hardwired, if you like,
into the guidelines, hopefully, you know, those chapters that are
about best practice can be updated more frequently as practice
changes and expectations change. But then the chapters that refer
to both government standards and international standards that we've adopted,
(14:48):
that should be the underpinning for what people meet, as
a minimum, will also be updated on a regular basis,
so that we can make sure that those can be
kept current, rather than referring to wcaG two, for instance,
which has gone through wcaG 2.1 and wcaG 2.2 over
the last ten years as well. And, you know, the
note wasn't kept up to date because of the way
(15:08):
it was written. So that modularity, we hope, will enable
the Commission to keep this current.
S2 (15:13):
Now finally, Andrew, what's the best way for people to
find out more about the guidelines or have a look
through some other resources that are available for people through
intopia around digital accessibility.
S3 (15:29):
So in conjunction with the Commission, we put together a
page of resources, and that page of resources would allow
people to go and actually listen to Rosemary, the Disability
Discrimination Commissioner, talking about the guidelines on the day that
they were released. We ran a webinar. We then ran
a webinar about a month later asking people to come
and ask some questions, because we didn't have the time
(15:51):
in the first webinar to do that. So both of
those are recorded and are available from our resources page
at intopia. That's probably the best starting point, and it
points to the commissioner's press release as well as to
the guidelines as well as to some other resources. So
that's probably the best place to go and have a look.
But if you go straight to the Human Rights Commission's
homepage and go to disability rights, you'll find the guidelines
(16:15):
themselves there. And they've been published in HTML, in word
and in PDF in an accessible well, as accessible as
PDF can be and accessible PDF. So depending on whether
people want to download and have a print copy, or
they want to read them online and how they want
to do that, there's three different formats there for people
to read.
S2 (16:33):
Perfect. Well, I've been speaking today with Andrew Arch, principal
digital accessibility consultant at Intopia, about the guidelines on equal
access to digital goods and services. Andrew, thank you very
much for your time today. It's been great to catch
up with you and have a chat about the guidelines.
S3 (16:55):
Great, and hopefully we can do something similar in the future.
S2 (17:03):
I'm Sam Corley and you're listening to Talking Vision on
Vision Australia Radio. Associated Stations of Reading Radio and the
Community Radio Network. I hope you enjoyed that conversation there
with Andrew Arch from Intopia. If you missed any part
of that conversation with Andrew or you'd love to hear
(17:25):
it again. Talking vision can be found on the Vision
Australia Radio website. Simply head to Viva Radio. That's all.
One word dot. Or you can find the program on
the podcast app of your choice or through the Vision
Australia library. New research shows that nearly three quarters of
(17:48):
Australians aged 35 to 50 have never heard of a
common age related eye condition called presbyopia, which is likely
causing their vision issues. Individuals rely on temporary fixes to cope.
Masking the condition and delaying timely diagnosis and treatment. Optometrists
(18:10):
are urging people to watch out for workarounds and if
they find themselves enlarging text, holding print at arm's length,
or having trouble seeing the dashboard when driving, particularly at night,
it's time to book an eye test and to have
a chat with me all about this. I have Greeshma Patel,
(18:30):
Specsavers optometrist, here to tell us all about presbyopia and
the new research Greeshma. Welcome to Talking Vision. Thank you
very much for your time today.
S4 (18:43):
Thanks, Dan.
S2 (18:44):
Now, firstly, Greeshma, can you tell us more about the
new research findings?
S4 (18:50):
So Specsavers have done a national survey which has recently
found that a really common eye I condition that affects
adults is actually something that a lot of adults aren't
aware of. Up to 72% of adults don't realize that
they're going through these midlife changes when they occur. So
(19:11):
I want to draw attention today to the fact that presbyopia,
which is this eye condition that affects a lot of
people around 40 years old, is quite normal. And I
want to go through some points on how to look
out for it and what to do if you start
noticing symptoms.
S2 (19:28):
What are the risks associated with undiagnosed presbyopia?
S4 (19:34):
So I'll start by explaining what presbyopia is, and then
we can have a look at the risks. Because presbyopia
is essentially when your lens inside the eye just doesn't
work as well when it's trying to focus on a
near object. So what that means is your long distance
vision may still feel good, and you may still see
things clearly. But when you go to pick up your
(19:54):
phone to read or you pick up a book, you
may notice that your vision isn't as clear or as
comfortable as it used to be. Now, the risks associated
with presbyopia if it's undiagnosed, untreated, if we're not doing
anything about it and we're just putting up with this
strain when we're reading, is that possibly you misread your
medication labels? You may misread ingredients when you're at the supermarket,
(20:17):
and especially with certain contrast on labels, if you're not
looking at black on white, if you're looking at white
writing on a colored label, you may find that you
make mistakes. So those people that have allergies or sensitivities
that are trying to avoid certain ingredients in foods could struggle.
But I'd say more importantly, it's medication bottles and important instructions.
If you can't read, you'd be struggling and mistakes happen there.
S2 (20:39):
And greeshma what are some common misconceptions or some signs
that often lead people to overlook conditions like presbyopia?
S4 (20:49):
So I see this all the time, Sam. So a
lot of misconceptions about presbyopia and other eye conditions is
that if I go to see my optometrist because I'm
having this problem with reading. I'll end up getting glasses
and they will make my eyes worse. And that's not true.
So glasses can't make your eyesight worse. In fact, something
like presbyopia is a condition that occurs with or without intervention.
(21:12):
So the lens goes through natural changes as we age.
And unfortunately, I have to use that term, even though
we're talking about this happening in our 40s, the lens
starts to harden. In fact, it starts hardening a little
bit before that. But a lot of my patients will
notice that they're struggling to see things around the time
of their 40s. And this is a working age group.
(21:32):
So people that are using computers, they're reading documents, they're
on their phones and they're looking at detail. If we're
not picking up on these signs and symptoms early, it
slows you down at work. And it's where mistakes are made.
And it's just a harder day and actually ultimately can
cause headaches. But the most common misconception around this is
if I start wearing glasses, it's a downward slippery slope
(21:53):
and I'm going to need glasses forever, and it's going
to make my eyes worse. And I just want to
dispel that myth.
S2 (21:59):
Greeshma why is it so important to have regular eye tests,
especially as Australians do get older?
S4 (22:06):
So two parts of that, Sam actually. So Australia is
a place that we have a lot of UV exposure
and a lot of the time from childhood years. So
with a lot of UV exposure comes the risk of
developing UV related conditions. And with the eyes we're talking
about early stages of cataracts or macular degeneration. These are
conditions that can be exacerbated by UV exposure. So over time,
(22:29):
it's important to understand your risk and understand whether these
have impacted the eyes, whether it has impacted the eyes.
Things like smoking can cause premature problems with eyes as well,
and certain health conditions like diabetes. So having these tests done,
having your eyes tested from an early age, even before
you start noticing symptoms is really useful because if there
(22:51):
is something to monitor, we can do that in optometry now,
especially at Specsavers, we offer 3D retinal scan called Oct scanning,
which is really useful in the diagnosing and detecting eye
conditions a lot earlier than if we were just to
not present grotesque, but certainly if we were to use
traditional methods. So things like glaucoma and macular disease can
(23:14):
be picked up a lot sooner. Just need to present yourself.
And eye tests are bulk billed these days, so there's
no charge, no cost to you. Just popping in for
a test for clarinet is useful, and especially if you're
having symptoms, don't hang about. Go and get your eyes tested,
because sometimes what seems as though it could be a
very simple focusing problem could actually be an underlying eye condition.
(23:35):
And this is where we want to pick these things
up early.
S2 (23:38):
On that note. Finally, grishma, where can Australians go to
learn more? Or to book an eye test.
S4 (23:45):
So you can pop onto our website Specsavers. Com.au. A
list of common eye conditions are on their stores that
you can book in for an eye examination. An opportunity
to talk to cut your Medicare card in there. So,
you know it's going to be bulk billed and there's
probably a Specsavers close to you wherever you are or
within reasonable distance. So hopefully we're widely accessible. So pop
(24:07):
in when you can. And if you're walking past a
practice and you're not sure if you'll get that chance
again because you're busy, just pop in on the off chance.
S2 (24:14):
Well, I've been speaking today with Grishma Patel, optometrist at Specsavers.
Chatting to me today about presbyopia and the ways that
it can be treated. Greeshma thank you so much for
your time today. It was great to catch up with you.
S4 (24:31):
Thank you Sam.
S2 (24:34):
For the first time, people across Australia are participating in
a national survey radio and you designed to capture the
real impact of community radio. The results will inform discussions
with government decision makers, helping to secure future support and
funding for the entire community broadcasting sector. If you're a
(24:59):
listener to Vision Australia Radio or any other community radio
organisation and you'd love to have your say, this is
the perfect opportunity to do so. Simply head to the
Vision Australia Radio Facebook page and Search Radio and you
to find out all about the survey and the link
(25:21):
to take part. The survey closes on the 30th of June,
so you still have a few days to have your
say and get involved. Any support you can offer would
be fantastic. So make sure to spread the word if
you haven't taken part in the survey already. Also, jump
in and have your say and let people know who
(25:44):
might also be interested to have their say about the
future of community radio in 2025. And that's all the
time we have for today. You've been listening to Talking Vision.
Talking vision is a Vision Australia radio production. Thanks to
(26:08):
all involved with putting the show together every week. And remember,
we love hearing from you. So please get in touch
anytime on our email at Talking Vision at Vision Australia dot.
That's talking vision all. One word at Vision Australia. But
until next week it's Sam Culley saying bye for now.
S1 (26:32):
You can contact Vision Australia by phoning us anytime during
business hours on one 384 746. That's one 384 74
six or by visiting Vision Australia. That's Vision Australia.
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