This episode’s question is about fear periods.
“What are the critical fear stages in puppies from 8 weeks on? Is it best to keep up their socialization during these periods or back off for a few days and then resume?”
In this episode I discuss:
- How to recognize fear periods as opposed to general fearfulness.
- The evolutionary reasons that puppies have fear periods
- Navigating fear periods in puppies and dogs
Visit our website madcapradio.com for further reading.
Mark as Played
Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
(00:00):
I'm Jane Messineo Lindquist.,
(00:04):
and this is a Puppy CulturePotluck podcast.
You bring the topics,
we bring the conversation.
This week's question is about fear periodsin puppies.
(00:25):
Specifically later fear periods.
And here's the question.
What are the critical fear
stages in puppies from eight weeks on?
Is it best to keep up their socializationduring these periods,
or back off for a few daysand then resume?
(00:48):
Okay, me again,
I'm going to get right to the point
and answer her
question directly and say that if my puppy
is truly in a fear imprint period,
I do back off of socialization.
I am very cautious with puppies
(01:10):
that are in a true fear period,
and I will keep them at homeuntil they've cleared that fear period.
Now that having been said,
I think we need to talk a little bitabout fear periods,
what they are and are not,
(01:30):
and how to recognize them,
because it's a persistent themethat comes up
that people confuse
general, possibly genetic
or environmentally induced fear
with fear periods.
And there can be negative effectsfor the puppies
(01:53):
by this misclassification.
Before I jump in, I want to say
this is not going to be a course leveltreatment of this topic.
I do treat this topicin our breeders course
which is Newborn to New Homein Madcap University,
(02:14):
but I want to give a global
sort of overview of fear periods
and their significanceto you as a puppy owner or as a breeder.
Because, as I said,there's a lot of misconceptions
about this,which I believe leads to taking
the incorrect actionsunder the circumstances.
(02:35):
I also
am going to preface this by saying
that most of whatI'm going to be telling you
is based on my own observationand experience.
There just is not a lotof scientific study
specifically on fear periods in puppies.
(02:58):
Anecdotal evidence is good evidence,but it is anecdotal evidence.
So take that for what it's worth.
So let's talk about
the developmental aspects
of the emotion of fear.
Puppies are bornwithout a true fear response.
(03:18):
They have reflexive responses,but it's doubtful
that any of that feeds to the brainin the sense of a fear response.
Makes senseif you think about it, because fear
is a metabolically expensive emotion,
the cortisol that has to be raised
(03:41):
when you have fear in orderto allow you to fight or flight,
it's metabolically expensive,and nature and evolution are economical,
and they're not going to instill fearin an organism that can't act on it.
So a newborn puppy cannot act on fear.
(04:03):
Fear would be a useless emotion.
They don't have fear.
Now this can vary,
but somewhere around five weeks old,
puppies have their initial fear response.
I've talked about thisa lot in my podcasts,
(04:24):
but at the risk of being boring,I'm going to give you two studies on this.
One, they did a study of CavalierKing Charles Spaniels,
German Shepherds and Yorkshire Terriers.
They found that the average per breed
onset of initial fear,
(04:45):
so that fear right around five weeks old,
varied by 16 days between breeds,with the German Shepherds having a fear
response on average 16 days before the
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.
The other study is a studythat was done of German
Shepherds and Labrador Retrievers.
(05:08):
They found that 95% of German Shepherd
puppies had an initial fear response
by five weeks old,and only 5% of Labrador Retriever
puppies had an initial fearresponse at five weeks old.
Now let's talk
(05:29):
about the second fear imprint period,which is what people
refer to oftenas the eight week fear period.
Let's distinguish what a fear period is.
So a fear imprint period from generalized
fear.
(05:50):
A fear period,you may see generalized fear
during the fear period, but it has certainhallmark characteristics.
And these are just thingsthat I have observed over the years.
A fear imprintperiod is going to have three things.
It's going to be acutemeaning to say it comes out of nowhere.
(06:10):
One day the puppies are happy
little campers, and the next daythey're afraid of something.
The something that they're afraid of
is something familiar.
So it's notthat you took them to a garden center,
and they'd never been to a garden center,and they're crawling on the floor
because the HVAC is boomingand there are people around and no,
(06:34):
that's not a fear period.
Or I mean, it could be a fear period,but that wouldn't be
information that tells youthe puppies are in a fear period.
A fear period is they've walked past
that sculpture of a pigevery day of their little lives,
and one day they see itand freak out and say, what?
Who let that creature intowhat is that thing?
(06:56):
Is it does. Is it going to kill me?
Classic fear period.
Would be noises like an oven fan.
I had a puppy suddenlybe afraid of an oven fan.
That that puppy had been out
every day of its life, and one dayit was afraid of an oven fan coming on.
That was my tellthat puppy was in the fear period.
(07:17):
So it's something familiarthat the puppies had experience
with, never been afraid of,and suddenly is afraid of.
And the thirdcharacteristic of a fear period,
which is functionallythe most important one
to you as a breeder or puppy owner,
is that it's transitory.
(07:39):
That means that
if you do nothing else except keep things
calm, quiet, and on the down low
for your puppies during that fear period,
and don't push it or ruin it
by trying to flood your puppyand wind up sensitizing
(07:59):
your puppy to the fearit will pass on its own.
No further action from you required.
So now that we've
defined how we know what a fear period is,
let's talk about
the function of fear periods.
(08:22):
As I mentionedin the beginning of the podcast.
Fear is metabolically very expensive.
It's not something that natureis going to instill
in a puppy unless the puppy can act on it.
So when do we see these early,
these first two fear periods normally?
They normally do correspond with a time
(08:45):
when the puppieshave a big jump in mobility.
So up until five weeks old,
what are the puppies ever going to see?
Their mother, their aunties and uncles.
They're there.
They don't have the wherewithal to get out
and toddle out into the worldand get into trouble.
(09:06):
Fear is a useless emotion for them.
They're never going to see anythingthey should be afraid of.
And frankly, if something gets intotheir nest that they should be afraid of,
it's just not going to do themany good to be afraid
because they can't defendthemselves or run away.
But then, at five weeks old,
again speaking on very broad averages,
(09:28):
this is when puppies firstget their legs under them.
They can wander away.
It is possible for the first timethat they could run
into some kind of troublewithout a protective adult around.
So fear becomes a useful emotion for them.
(09:49):
And not to take too deep dive into it,
but let's just say at eight weeks old
on average,we do see another jump in mobility.
So once again, the puppyhas new opportunities to get into trouble
and it is helpful for that puppy to have
a heightened sense of fear at that time.
(10:11):
I just want to clarify something.
This correlation
between increase
in mobilityand increase in fear, and spikes
in increase in mobility,and spikes in increases of fear
are on a population level.
(10:34):
What do I mean by that?
It means that as a breeder, it'snot diagnostic information for you
that you have a puppythat's a little more mobile,
a little earlier that maybe that puppy'sgoing to be in in an earlier fear period.
No, it doesn't track that way,
at least not that I have ever observed.
(10:54):
But what I'm trying to dois give you an idea of what
these fear periods are,and why they happen.
Because
99% of the times
when someone's writing inand saying that their dog
is in a fear period after those first
(11:15):
two fear periods,
they're mislabeling the phenomenon.
They're not understanding what's going on.
There are other kinds of fear
that are genetically mediatedthat appear later in life,
but they are persistent
(11:36):
and will not passwithout some kind of learning.
The fact that they appear suddenly
and later is not a fear period.
It's the fact that that particular gene
is now expressing itself,
(11:59):
or their latent reactions
to earlier experiences.
Remember that
fearful experiencesin the first year of life will almost
never express themselvesbehaviorally in the puppy at the time.
So the puppy will appear to recover
(12:19):
from an aversive or scary event,
but either fear or aggression
will seemingly spontaneously emerge
when the dog gets older.
And even if there were true
fear periodswhen the dog has a heightened sensitivity
(12:40):
to frightening events,after that eight week old period.
They're not predictable in terms of an age
window,after that second fear imprint period.
Let's think about this.
At birth
breeds are different behaviorally,but very,
very little in the neonatal periodother than puppies of small size
(13:06):
being more subject to hypoglycemiaand and chilling.
Behaviorally,puppies are pretty much identical
in the neonatal period.
By the time they reach
their initial fear period,there's much more difference.
Okay, remember 95% of German Shepherdsat five weeks with the fear period,
(13:29):
only 5% of Labradorswith the fear period at five weeks.
So you see the trajectories are startingto go in different directions.
Now take that and extrapolate
that out to six months or a year old.
Plus add in all the environmental input,all the experiences.
(13:52):
What's happened to that puppy,what socialization was or wasn't done,
whether it was done well,whether it was desensitization
or habituation,or whether the owner flooded the puppy,
every bit of input or lack ofinput that the puppy had.
And you see those trajectoriesspreading further and further.
(14:15):
And this is why
when you read the internet stuff on laterfear periods,
they appear to almost overlapand form a continuous net
of possible times that your puppycould be in a fear year period.
It's really true.
You don't know, and you also don'treally know if it's a fear period
(14:37):
or some other genetic or latent
environmental response.
So that's a long way of saying thatin my observation.
Maybe there could be a fear periodafter eight weeks,
but they're all over the place andthey most often are not true fear periods.
(14:57):
They're something else.
The reason why I think
this is so significantand important for people to understand,
is that you have to do workwith these puppies, okay?
It is true, as I said in the beginning,when I have a puppy
that is in a true fear period.
(15:18):
So either around that five week ageor around that eight week age, for me,
when I see that acute, transitory
fear of the familiar,when it's those three things.
Yes, I do hold back those puppies.
Yes, I do keep them from havingany new socialization or new experiences
until I'm sure that they've clearedthat fear period,
(15:41):
As they age that strategy'snot going to work for you, okay?
As they age, even if it comes onsuddenly and seems to you like,
oh my gosh, it must be a fear periodbecause it came out of nowhere.
Chances are it didn't come out of nowhere.
Chances are that your puppyor dog is having genetics
that are coming on online later in life,which is normal.
(16:04):
They're black boxes.
You don't know what you get.
It's a box of chocolates.
They're coming online now,and now you're seeing what you have.
And what you may have is a fearful dog.
For sure,
young animals can be socially uncertain.
They can have heightened senses of fear.
(16:25):
They can be more sensitive to fear.
And just in the the balance of
treading the line between habituation,
socialization and sensitization,where you want to be counter
conditioning fearsand also creating positive associations.
(16:47):
But you don't want to be floodingyour puppies where you're
you're sensitizing them to things.
When you're treading that line
If you are seeing increased fearin your puppy.
Yeah.
I mean, you want to erron the side of caution, but
that's always true.
(17:07):
It's not that specific thing
that is a fear periodwhere the puppy is going to get over it
if you just don't mess it up,you have to work with it.
So you do have to get those puppies out.
You do have to softly workon the edges of desensitizing,
counterconditioning, fear in older puppies.
(17:31):
It's a little bit of a pet peeve for me
about these so-called laterfear periods, because.
I have certainly seen thingsthat look to me
like fear periods in young adult dogs.
It's rare,and there's usually another explanation
(17:52):
that does require actionon the part of the puppy owner.
I have a concern that oncesomething is labeled as a fear period,
puppy owners will say,oh, you know, it's a fear period.
Instead of dealing with whateveris being expressed
behaviorally at these later stages
(18:14):
in in puppy hood and young adulthood,
because a fear periodwill pass with protection.
But if you're dealing with a geneticor behavioral issue,
you need to address itwith training and counter conditioning.
So to sum it all up,
fear period is
(18:34):
acute, transitoryfear of the familiar, will pass
if you just protect the puppyduring that time.
Yes, in direct answer to the question,
I do hold my puppies backduring fear periods,
but the fear periods,
(18:55):
so-called fear periodsafter that second fear in print period,
I treat thatas I would treat generalized fear.
And I do get those puppies outand I do work with them.
But again, always being careful
to be on the positive side of counterconditioning
(19:15):
and creating positive associationsand not flooding the puppy.
So that fear is guiding mewhere that line is.
But it's not changingmy operating procedure with those puppies
in the way that my operating procedureis actually different.
If I think it's a fear period.
If you liked this podcast,
(19:37):
you'll love our course for puppy owners,
available at puppyculture.com.
Breeders, we have courses for you tooat puppyculture.com.
Breeders,do you want to get your puppy owners
started on the right footwith Puppy Culture?
You can give your puppy owners the gift ofour puppy course at a nice discount
(20:02):
when you buy four or more copies
available at puppyculture.com.
Well, that's it for this time.
Thanks for listening. Bye bye.
I'm Jane Messineo Lindquist.,
(00:04):
and this is a Puppy CulturePotluck podcast.
You bring the topics,
we bring the conversation.
This week's question is about fear periodsin puppies.
(00:25):
Specifically later fear periods.
And here's the question.
What are the critical fear
stages in puppies from eight weeks on?
Is it best to keep up their socializationduring these periods,
or back off for a few daysand then resume?
(00:48):
Okay, me again,
I'm going to get right to the point
and answer her
question directly and say that if my puppy
is truly in a fear imprint period,
I do back off of socialization.
I am very cautious with puppies
(01:10):
that are in a true fear period,
and I will keep them at homeuntil they've cleared that fear period.
Now that having been said,
I think we need to talk a little bitabout fear periods,
what they are and are not,
(01:30):
and how to recognize them,
because it's a persistent themethat comes up
that people confuse
general, possibly genetic
or environmentally induced fear
with fear periods.
And there can be negative effectsfor the puppies
(01:53):
by this misclassification.
Before I jump in, I want to say
this is not going to be a course leveltreatment of this topic.
I do treat this topicin our breeders course
which is Newborn to New Homein Madcap University,
(02:14):
but I want to give a global
sort of overview of fear periods
and their significanceto you as a puppy owner or as a breeder.
Because, as I said,there's a lot of misconceptions
about this,which I believe leads to taking
the incorrect actionsunder the circumstances.
(02:35):
I also
am going to preface this by saying
that most of whatI'm going to be telling you
is based on my own observationand experience.
There just is not a lotof scientific study
specifically on fear periods in puppies.
(02:58):
Anecdotal evidence is good evidence,but it is anecdotal evidence.
So take that for what it's worth.
So let's talk about
the developmental aspects
of the emotion of fear.
Puppies are bornwithout a true fear response.
(03:18):
They have reflexive responses,but it's doubtful
that any of that feeds to the brainin the sense of a fear response.
Makes senseif you think about it, because fear
is a metabolically expensive emotion,
the cortisol that has to be raised
(03:41):
when you have fear in orderto allow you to fight or flight,
it's metabolically expensive,and nature and evolution are economical,
and they're not going to instill fearin an organism that can't act on it.
So a newborn puppy cannot act on fear.
(04:03):
Fear would be a useless emotion.
They don't have fear.
Now this can vary,
but somewhere around five weeks old,
puppies have their initial fear response.
I've talked about thisa lot in my podcasts,
(04:24):
but at the risk of being boring,I'm going to give you two studies on this.
One, they did a study of CavalierKing Charles Spaniels,
German Shepherds and Yorkshire Terriers.
They found that the average per breed
onset of initial fear,
(04:45):
so that fear right around five weeks old,
varied by 16 days between breeds,with the German Shepherds having a fear
response on average 16 days before the
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.
The other study is a studythat was done of German
Shepherds and Labrador Retrievers.
(05:08):
They found that 95% of German Shepherd
puppies had an initial fear response
by five weeks old,and only 5% of Labrador Retriever
puppies had an initial fearresponse at five weeks old.
Now let's talk
(05:29):
about the second fear imprint period,which is what people
refer to oftenas the eight week fear period.
Let's distinguish what a fear period is.
So a fear imprint period from generalized
fear.
(05:50):
A fear period,you may see generalized fear
during the fear period, but it has certainhallmark characteristics.
And these are just thingsthat I have observed over the years.
A fear imprintperiod is going to have three things.
It's going to be acutemeaning to say it comes out of nowhere.
(06:10):
One day the puppies are happy
little campers, and the next daythey're afraid of something.
The something that they're afraid of
is something familiar.
So it's notthat you took them to a garden center,
and they'd never been to a garden center,and they're crawling on the floor
because the HVAC is boomingand there are people around and no,
(06:34):
that's not a fear period.
Or I mean, it could be a fear period,but that wouldn't be
information that tells youthe puppies are in a fear period.
A fear period is they've walked past
that sculpture of a pigevery day of their little lives,
and one day they see itand freak out and say, what?
Who let that creature intowhat is that thing?
(06:56):
Is it does. Is it going to kill me?
Classic fear period.
Would be noises like an oven fan.
I had a puppy suddenlybe afraid of an oven fan.
That that puppy had been out
every day of its life, and one dayit was afraid of an oven fan coming on.
That was my tellthat puppy was in the fear period.
(07:17):
So it's something familiarthat the puppies had experience
with, never been afraid of,and suddenly is afraid of.
And the thirdcharacteristic of a fear period,
which is functionallythe most important one
to you as a breeder or puppy owner,
is that it's transitory.
(07:39):
That means that
if you do nothing else except keep things
calm, quiet, and on the down low
for your puppies during that fear period,
and don't push it or ruin it
by trying to flood your puppyand wind up sensitizing
(07:59):
your puppy to the fearit will pass on its own.
No further action from you required.
So now that we've
defined how we know what a fear period is,
let's talk about
the function of fear periods.
(08:22):
As I mentionedin the beginning of the podcast.
Fear is metabolically very expensive.
It's not something that natureis going to instill
in a puppy unless the puppy can act on it.
So when do we see these early,
these first two fear periods normally?
They normally do correspond with a time
(08:45):
when the puppieshave a big jump in mobility.
So up until five weeks old,
what are the puppies ever going to see?
Their mother, their aunties and uncles.
They're there.
They don't have the wherewithal to get out
and toddle out into the worldand get into trouble.
(09:06):
Fear is a useless emotion for them.
They're never going to see anythingthey should be afraid of.
And frankly, if something gets intotheir nest that they should be afraid of,
it's just not going to do themany good to be afraid
because they can't defendthemselves or run away.
But then, at five weeks old,
again speaking on very broad averages,
(09:28):
this is when puppies firstget their legs under them.
They can wander away.
It is possible for the first timethat they could run
into some kind of troublewithout a protective adult around.
So fear becomes a useful emotion for them.
(09:49):
And not to take too deep dive into it,
but let's just say at eight weeks old
on average,we do see another jump in mobility.
So once again, the puppyhas new opportunities to get into trouble
and it is helpful for that puppy to have
a heightened sense of fear at that time.
(10:11):
I just want to clarify something.
This correlation
between increase
in mobilityand increase in fear, and spikes
in increase in mobility,and spikes in increases of fear
are on a population level.
(10:34):
What do I mean by that?
It means that as a breeder, it'snot diagnostic information for you
that you have a puppythat's a little more mobile,
a little earlier that maybe that puppy'sgoing to be in in an earlier fear period.
No, it doesn't track that way,
at least not that I have ever observed.
(10:54):
But what I'm trying to dois give you an idea of what
these fear periods are,and why they happen.
Because
99% of the times
when someone's writing inand saying that their dog
is in a fear period after those first
(11:15):
two fear periods,
they're mislabeling the phenomenon.
They're not understanding what's going on.
There are other kinds of fear
that are genetically mediatedthat appear later in life,
but they are persistent
(11:36):
and will not passwithout some kind of learning.
The fact that they appear suddenly
and later is not a fear period.
It's the fact that that particular gene
is now expressing itself,
(11:59):
or their latent reactions
to earlier experiences.
Remember that
fearful experiencesin the first year of life will almost
never express themselvesbehaviorally in the puppy at the time.
So the puppy will appear to recover
(12:19):
from an aversive or scary event,
but either fear or aggression
will seemingly spontaneously emerge
when the dog gets older.
And even if there were true
fear periodswhen the dog has a heightened sensitivity
(12:40):
to frightening events,after that eight week old period.
They're not predictable in terms of an age
window,after that second fear imprint period.
Let's think about this.
At birth
breeds are different behaviorally,but very,
very little in the neonatal periodother than puppies of small size
(13:06):
being more subject to hypoglycemiaand and chilling.
Behaviorally,puppies are pretty much identical
in the neonatal period.
By the time they reach
their initial fear period,there's much more difference.
Okay, remember 95% of German Shepherdsat five weeks with the fear period,
(13:29):
only 5% of Labradorswith the fear period at five weeks.
So you see the trajectories are startingto go in different directions.
Now take that and extrapolate
that out to six months or a year old.
Plus add in all the environmental input,all the experiences.
(13:52):
What's happened to that puppy,what socialization was or wasn't done,
whether it was done well,whether it was desensitization
or habituation,or whether the owner flooded the puppy,
every bit of input or lack ofinput that the puppy had.
And you see those trajectoriesspreading further and further.
(14:15):
And this is why
when you read the internet stuff on laterfear periods,
they appear to almost overlapand form a continuous net
of possible times that your puppycould be in a fear year period.
It's really true.
You don't know, and you also don'treally know if it's a fear period
(14:37):
or some other genetic or latent
environmental response.
So that's a long way of saying thatin my observation.
Maybe there could be a fear periodafter eight weeks,
but they're all over the place andthey most often are not true fear periods.
(14:57):
They're something else.
The reason why I think
this is so significantand important for people to understand,
is that you have to do workwith these puppies, okay?
It is true, as I said in the beginning,when I have a puppy
that is in a true fear period.
(15:18):
So either around that five week ageor around that eight week age, for me,
when I see that acute, transitory
fear of the familiar,when it's those three things.
Yes, I do hold back those puppies.
Yes, I do keep them from havingany new socialization or new experiences
until I'm sure that they've clearedthat fear period,
(15:41):
As they age that strategy'snot going to work for you, okay?
As they age, even if it comes onsuddenly and seems to you like,
oh my gosh, it must be a fear periodbecause it came out of nowhere.
Chances are it didn't come out of nowhere.
Chances are that your puppyor dog is having genetics
that are coming on online later in life,which is normal.
(16:04):
They're black boxes.
You don't know what you get.
It's a box of chocolates.
They're coming online now,and now you're seeing what you have.
And what you may have is a fearful dog.
For sure,
young animals can be socially uncertain.
They can have heightened senses of fear.
(16:25):
They can be more sensitive to fear.
And just in the the balance of
treading the line between habituation,
socialization and sensitization,where you want to be counter
conditioning fearsand also creating positive associations.
(16:47):
But you don't want to be floodingyour puppies where you're
you're sensitizing them to things.
When you're treading that line
If you are seeing increased fearin your puppy.
Yeah.
I mean, you want to erron the side of caution, but
that's always true.
(17:07):
It's not that specific thing
that is a fear periodwhere the puppy is going to get over it
if you just don't mess it up,you have to work with it.
So you do have to get those puppies out.
You do have to softly workon the edges of desensitizing,
counterconditioning, fear in older puppies.
(17:31):
It's a little bit of a pet peeve for me
about these so-called laterfear periods, because.
I have certainly seen thingsthat look to me
like fear periods in young adult dogs.
It's rare,and there's usually another explanation
(17:52):
that does require actionon the part of the puppy owner.
I have a concern that oncesomething is labeled as a fear period,
puppy owners will say,oh, you know, it's a fear period.
Instead of dealing with whateveris being expressed
behaviorally at these later stages
(18:14):
in in puppy hood and young adulthood,
because a fear periodwill pass with protection.
But if you're dealing with a geneticor behavioral issue,
you need to address itwith training and counter conditioning.
So to sum it all up,
fear period is
(18:34):
acute, transitoryfear of the familiar, will pass
if you just protect the puppyduring that time.
Yes, in direct answer to the question,
I do hold my puppies backduring fear periods,
but the fear periods,
(18:55):
so-called fear periodsafter that second fear in print period,
I treat thatas I would treat generalized fear.
And I do get those puppies outand I do work with them.
But again, always being careful
to be on the positive side of counterconditioning
(19:15):
and creating positive associationsand not flooding the puppy.
So that fear is guiding mewhere that line is.
But it's not changingmy operating procedure with those puppies
in the way that my operating procedureis actually different.
If I think it's a fear period.
If you liked this podcast,
(19:37):
you'll love our course for puppy owners,
available at puppyculture.com.
Breeders, we have courses for you tooat puppyculture.com.
Breeders,do you want to get your puppy owners
started on the right footwith Puppy Culture?
You can give your puppy owners the gift ofour puppy course at a nice discount
(20:02):
when you buy four or more copies
available at puppyculture.com.
Well, that's it for this time.
Thanks for listening. Bye bye.
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