In this episode we talk about "having great genes", but also weird ones, ancient viral ones, and even one named after Sonic Hedgehog (look it up!). W dive into how your DNA is more like a script with a dimmer switch than a fixed destiny. From epigenetics and retroviruses to schizophrenia research, stem cells, and the pitfalls of 23andMe, we explore the science written into your genome.
Thank you to Aitana Padilla for coming on the show. Aitana is a neuroscientist in training with a deep focus on the genetics of mental health. She currently investigates how human endogenous retroviruses (remnants of ancient viral infections embedded in our DNA) may influence schizophrenia!
Further reading and references:
Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Pathogenic Factors in Schizophrenia: Slokar G, Hasler G. Front Psychiatry. 2016;6:183. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00183.
Implication of human endogenous retroviruses in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Ellul P, Groc L, Leboyer M. Med Sci (Paris). 2017;33(4):404-409. doi:10.1051/medsci/20173304010.
Heritability of Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum Based on the Nationwide Danish Twin Register: Hilker R et al. Biol Psychiatry. 2018;83(6):492-498. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.017.
Schizophrenia as a Complex Trait: Evidence from a Meta-analysis of Twin Studies: Sullivan PF et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(12):1187-1192. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1187.
Huntington's Disease: A Clinical Review: Roos RA. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010;5:40. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-5-40.
The Relationship Between Cannabis Use, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder: A Genetically Informed Study: Cheng W et al. Lancet Psychiatry. 2023;10(6):441-451. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00143-8.
Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors: Takahashi K et al. Cell. 2007;131(5):861-872. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019.
Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors: Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Cell. 2006;126(4):663-676. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024.
Animal Models of CNS Disorders: McGonigle P. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014;87(1):140-149. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.016.
Advances Toward Precision Medicine for Bipolar Disorder: Haggarty SJ et al. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(1):168-185. doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0831-4.
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