Planetary Demise - Tracking the Death Spiral of TOI 2109b

In this episode of SpaceTime , we delve into the cosmic drama unfolding in our universe, featuring a doomed exoplanet, new revelations about Mars, and the latest crew aboard the International Space Station.

The Death Spiral of TOI 2109b

Astronomers are closely monitoring the death spiral of TOI 2109b, an exoplanet located over 870 light-years away. This gas giant, nearly five times the mass of Jupiter, completes an orbit around its host star in just 16 hours, making it the closest hot Jupiter discovered to date. Researchers from Macquarie University have found that the planet's orbit is decaying, leading to three potential end scenarios: being torn apart by tidal forces, plunging into its host star, or losing its gaseous envelope to intense radiation. These findings provide valuable insights into planetary evolution and the fate of gas giants in close orbits.

New Insights into Mars's Ancient Surface

A recent study has identified a new type of iron sulfate on Mars, suggesting significant geothermal and chemical activity on the planet's surface. Researchers have characterized this uncommon mineral, which may represent a new type due to its unique crystalline structure. The discovery sheds light on how heat, water, and chemical reactions have shaped Mars, and indicates that the planet may have been more geologically active than previously thought. This research enhances our understanding of Mars's potential to have supported life in its past.

New Crew Arrives at the International Space Station

NASA has successfully delivered a new crew to the International Space Station aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule. The crew, consisting of two Americans, a Russian, and a Japanese astronaut, will replace colleagues who have been aboard since March. As NASA considers extending crew stays from six to eight months to reduce costs, the new team is set to contribute to ongoing research and operations in low Earth orbit.

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✍️ Episode References

Astrophysical Journal

https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 (https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357)

Nature Journal

https://www.nature.com/nature/ (https://www.nature.com/nature/)

NASA's International Space Station

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html)

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00:00 This is space Time Series 28, Episode 97 for broadcast on 13 August 2025

00:42 Astronomers are tracking the death spiral of a doomed planet more than 870 light years away

12:06 ToI 2109 is one of the most interesting systems that we've got

17:06 Scientists have identified a new type of iron sulfate on the Red Planet

23:47 NASA has delivered four new crew members to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX Dragon

25:10 New study claims consuming three fries a week increases risk of developing type 2 diabetes

26:13 Google about to offer AI study tools to college students for free

29:53 You've got to check for updates on all your Apple devices

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/28535279?utm_source=youtube