March 18, 2025 • 31 mins
PCOS is a complex hormonal disorder that affects individuals in various ways, impacting not only fertility but overall health. We explore the symptoms, diagnosis criteria, treatment options, and emerging research highlighting the connection between gut health and PCOS, emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach to management.
• Definition of PCOS as a hormonal disorder
• Rotterdam Criteria for diagnosis
• Role of lifestyle changes in managing symptoms
• Importance of medications like metformin and ovulation induction
• Overview of reproductive technologies such as IUI and IVF
• Gut health's influence on insulin resistance and hormonal balance
• Tips for promoting a healthy gut microbiome
• Encouragement to seek personalized care and support
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Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Life by Dr Pat Leading innovation in fertility
excellence.
Speaker 2 (00:06):
Deep dive into reproduction with Life by Dr Pat
.
Speaker 1 (00:09):
Welcome to our deep dive on PCOS.
We're going to really explorewhat it is, how it's diagnosed
and what the treatment optionsare.
Speaker 2 (00:18):
Sounds good.
Speaker 1 (00:19):
So the sources today are excerpts from a Thai website
specializing in fertility andinfertility treatment and a
YouTube video from the samedoctor, a reproductive
endocrinologist.
Speaker 2 (00:30):
Oh, interesting.
Speaker 1 (00:31):
Yeah, since the sources are in Thai, we'll be,
you know, summarizing those keypoints for you.
What I found really fascinatingwas how cultural perspectives
on health care can differ andyet that core information, it
remains the same.
Speaker 2 (00:44):
Yeah, that's really interesting how medical
knowledge can, kind of you know,transcend borders.
Speaker 1 (00:49):
It's pretty cool yeah absolutely, and I have to say I
learned way more about PCOSthan I ever thought possible.
Speaker 2 (00:56):
Oh really.
Speaker 1 (00:56):
Yeah, it's way more complex than just having cysts
on your ovaries, which is, I'llbe honest, what I always assumed
.
Speaker 2 (01:03):
Right yeah, the name polycystic ovary syndrome can be
a bit misleading.
It's not about surgicallyremoving cysts.
Speaker 1 (01:11):
Oh, okay.
Speaker 2 (01:11):
It's a hormonal disorder that primarily affects
how the ovaries function.
Speaker 1 (01:15):
So if it's not about the cysts, then what is PCOS
Like?
What's the main issue?
Speaker 2 (01:20):
Well, pcos is characterized by an imbalance of
hormones.
Okay, it's a condition wherethe ovaries produce more
androgens than they should.
Speaker 1 (01:29):
Androgens.
Speaker 2 (01:30):
Androgens are typically thought of as male
hormones, but you know, everyonehas them.
Speaker 1 (01:34):
Right right.
Speaker 2 (01:35):
In people with PCOS, though, these higher androgen
levels can contribute to a wholerange of symptoms.
Speaker 1 (01:40):
Okay.
So then how do doctors actuallyfigure out if someone has PCOS?
Is it all about those excessandrogens, or are there other
things they're looking for?
Speaker 2 (01:48):
Diagnosing PCOS can be a little tricky and doctors
use a set of criteria known asthe Rotterdam criteria.
Speaker 1 (01:54):
The Rotterdam criteria yeah.
Speaker 2 (01:56):
It was established in 2003 by the European Society
for Human Reproduction andEmbryology.
Speaker 1 (02:01):
Wow.
Speaker 2 (02:02):
And the American Society for Reproductive
Medicine.
Speaker 1 (02:04):
Got it.
Speaker 2 (02:04):
So it's kind of like a checklist with three main
points.
Speaker 1 (02:07):
A checklist.
Okay, so walk me through thislist.
What are those three points?
Speaker 2 (02:11):
So, first, there's infrequent periods, meaning
fewer than 10 menstrual cycles ayear.
The second point is high levelsof androgens, like we just
talked about, and finally, thepresence of many small follicles
on the ovaries, which arevisible during an ultrasound.
Speaker 1 (02:26):
So you need to have all three of those things to be
diagnosed with PCOS.
Speaker 2 (02:30):
Not necessarily.
A PCOS diagnosis can be made ifsomeone meets just two out of
the three criteria.
Speaker 1 (02:36):
Oh, okay.
Speaker 2 (02:37):
But here's where it gets even more complex.
Doctors have to rule out otherconditions that can mimic PCOS,
like what?
Like thyroid issues or certaintypes of tumors they have to
rule out other conditions thatcan mimic PCOS, like what?
Like thyroid issues or certaintypes of tumors.
They have to make sure whatthey're seeing is really PCOS
and not something else entirely.
Speaker 1 (02:53):
Oh, wow.
So it's like a medical puzzlealmost.
Speaker 2 (02:56):
Yeah, you could say that.
Speaker 1 (02:57):
Finding the right pieces to fit together.
That's interesting.
So what about the cause of thishormonal imbalance?
Do we know, like a clear answerfor what causes this?
Speaker 2 (03:06):
Well, that's the million dollar question, and
unfortunately we don't have adefinitive answer yet.
Ok, the exact cause of PCOS isstill unknown.
However, the prevailing theorypoints to a chain reaction that
often starts with abdominalobesity.
Speaker 1 (03:19):
So belly fat.
Speaker 2 (03:20):
Yes, belly fat is a major player here.
Speaker 1 (03:23):
OK.
Speaker 2 (03:23):
The theory is that excess belly fat can lead to
something called insulinresistance.
Speaker 1 (03:29):
Insulin resistance.
I've heard that term before,but remind me, what does insulin
do again, what is that?
Speaker 2 (03:34):
So insulin is a hormone that helps your body use
glucose or sugar for energy.
Speaker 1 (03:39):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (03:39):
When you have insulin resistance, your cells don't
respond to insulin as well asthey should.
Speaker 1 (03:44):
Uh-huh.
Speaker 2 (03:45):
And this can lead to a buildup of glucose in your
blood.
Speaker 1 (03:49):
Okay, got it.
So how does this all relateback to PCOS?
Speaker 2 (03:53):
Well, this insulin resistance, which is often
triggered by that excess bellyfat, seems to disrupt ovarian
function, which in turn can leadto the development of PCOS.
It's like a domino effect, okay.
So like one thing leads toanother, leads to another, okay,
which in turn can lead to thedevelopment of PCOS.
Speaker 1 (04:05):
It's like a domino effect.
Okay, so like one thing leadsto another, leads to another.
Speaker 2 (04:08):
Exactly.
Speaker 1 (04:09):
But what I found interesting is the doctor in our
source material mentioned thatPCOS can occur in people who
aren't overweight.
Speaker 2 (04:14):
That's right.
It'd be surprising.
Speaker 1 (04:16):
Yeah.
Speaker 2 (04:16):
In the video he suggests that in these cases,
pcos could be due toirregularities in the pituitary
gland.
Speaker 1 (04:23):
Oh, the pituitary gland.
I don't know much about that.
Can you explain what that is?
Speaker 2 (04:27):
Sure.
Think of the pituitary gland asthe master conductor of your
endocrine system.
Speaker 1 (04:32):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (04:32):
It's a tiny gland in your brain that controls hormone
production, including thehormones involved in PCOS.
Speaker 1 (04:39):
Oh, I see.
So even without that obesityfactor, hormonal imbalances
originating in the pituitarygland could still lead to PCOS.
Speaker 2 (04:48):
Exactly.
It really highlights just howcomplex this condition is and
how much we still don't knowabout its underlying causes.
Speaker 1 (04:55):
Okay, so we've covered what PCOS is and how
it's diagnosed.
Now let's get to the part.
I think a lot of people areprobably wondering about
treatment.
What did our sources have tosay about managing PCOS?
Speaker 2 (05:08):
Well, the good news is that there are a variety of
treatment options available.
Speaker 1 (05:12):
Okay, that's good.
Speaker 2 (05:13):
But the approach is very individualized.
Okay, it depends on theperson's specific symptoms,
their overall health and whetheror not they're trying to
conceive.
Speaker 1 (05:20):
Gotcha.
So no magic bullet.
Unfortunately Afraid not.
Speaker 2 (05:25):
But there are definitely some common threads
in PCOS treatment that we canexplore.
Speaker 1 (05:28):
All right, so let's talk about those common threads.
What are some of the typicaltreatment options doctors might
recommend?
Speaker 2 (05:35):
One of the first things doctors often emphasize
is the importance of lifestylechanges.
Okay, particularly when itcomes to addressing that domino
effect we talked about earlier.
Speaker 1 (05:44):
So tackling that belly fat and insulin resistance
head on.
Speaker 2 (05:48):
Exactly.
Weight loss, especiallyreducing belly fat, is often
crucial for managing PCOS.
Speaker 1 (05:55):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (05:56):
Even a small weight loss, as little as 5%, can make
a significant difference insymptoms and overall health.
Speaker 1 (06:02):
Wow.
So 5%, that feels a lot moreachievable than some like
drastic weight loss goal, youknow.
Speaker 2 (06:09):
Absolutely.
It's about making sustainablechanges that you can stick with
long term.
Speaker 1 (06:13):
Right.
Speaker 2 (06:14):
Now, diet and exercise play a huge role in
this weight management strategy.
The doctor in our sourcesreally emphasized their
importance.
Speaker 1 (06:21):
Okay, so tell me more about that, Like what kind of
diet and exerciserecommendations did he give?
Well?
Speaker 2 (06:26):
he advocated for a balanced, healthy diet, you know
, focusing on whole foods likefruits, vegetables, lean protein
and whole grains.
Speaker 1 (06:33):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (06:34):
He also emphasized the importance of limiting
processed foods, sugary drinksand unhealthy fats.
Speaker 1 (06:40):
So pretty standard healthy eating advice, right?
Yeah, pretty much Okay.
Speaker 2 (06:45):
But with a focus on managing insulin resistance.
He specifically recommendedchoosing foods with a low
glycemic index, which basicallymeans they won't spike your
blood sugar as much.
Speaker 1 (06:56):
Okay, that makes sense.
And what about exercise?
Speaker 2 (06:58):
Like what kind of?
Speaker 1 (06:58):
exercise did he recommend?
Speaker 2 (07:00):
He recommended a combination of cardio and
strength training.
Speaker 1 (07:03):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (07:04):
Cardio exercises like brisk walking, running or
swimming are great for burningcalories and improving
cardiovascular health.
Speaker 1 (07:11):
Makes sense.
Speaker 2 (07:12):
Strength training helps build muscle, which can
boost your metabolism and makeit easier to lose weight in the
long run.
Speaker 1 (07:18):
Gotcha, so it's like a good balance of those two.
Speaker 2 (07:20):
Exactly.
It's all about findingactivities that you enjoy and
that you can stick with.
Speaker 1 (07:24):
Right right.
Consistency is key.
Speaker 2 (07:27):
Yes, definitely.
Speaker 1 (07:28):
So it sounds like lifestyle changes are a really
big part of managing PCOS.
But what if someone makes thosechanges and is still struggling
?
What are some other options?
Speaker 2 (07:38):
That's where medications can come in.
Speaker 1 (07:40):
Oh okay.
Speaker 2 (07:40):
Certain medications can be really helpful in
managing PCOS symptoms andimproving overall health.
Speaker 1 (07:45):
Okay, I'm curious.
Tell me more about thesemedications.
What are some common ones usedfor PCOS?
Speaker 2 (07:50):
One of the most commonly prescribed medications
for PCOS is metformin.
Speaker 1 (07:54):
Metformin.
Speaker 2 (07:55):
Yes, metformin.
It was originally developed totreat type 2 diabetes, but it's
also very effective for PCOS.
Speaker 1 (08:02):
Interesting.
Okay, so how does metforminwork for PCOS?
Does it have something to dowith insulin?
Speaker 2 (08:08):
You got it.
Metformin helps improve insulinsensitivity.
Speaker 1 (08:11):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (08:12):
Meaning.
Your body becomes better atusing insulin.
This can have a positive impacton many PCOS symptoms,
including irregular periods,excess androgens and even
fertility.
Speaker 1 (08:22):
Wow, so it kind of addresses that.
You know that root cause ofinsulin resistance we talked
about.
Speaker 2 (08:27):
Exactly, it's not a cure-all, but it can be a very
effective tool.
Speaker 1 (08:30):
That's great.
What other medications arecommonly used for PCOS?
Speaker 2 (08:34):
Well, if someone is struggling with irregular
periods or trying to conceive,doctors might prescribe
medications to induce ovulation.
Speaker 1 (08:43):
Induce ovulation.
What does that mean?
Speaker 2 (08:45):
It means to help stimulate the ovaries to release
an egg.
Speaker 1 (08:47):
Oh, I see, I see.
Okay, what are some examples ofthose medications?
Speaker 2 (08:51):
Two commonly used medications for ovulation
induction are clomiphene citrateand litrazole.
Speaker 1 (08:56):
Okay, so we've got metformin for insulin resistance
and then ovulation-inducingmedications if someone is trying
to get pregnant.
Are there any other medicationsthat are used for PCOS?
Speaker 2 (09:07):
There are.
Sometimes doctors willprescribe medications
specifically to address theexcess androgen levels in PCOS.
Speaker 1 (09:13):
Oh, okay.
Speaker 2 (09:14):
These medications can help reduce symptoms like acne
and unwanted hair growth.
Speaker 1 (09:18):
So it sounds like doctors really have a whole
toolkit of medications to helpmanage PCOS, depending on the
individual's needs.
Speaker 2 (09:24):
They do.
But what's important is thatmedication is often used in
conjunction with lifestylechanges.
It's not one or the other, it'sa combination approach.
Speaker 1 (09:32):
Right, right, okay, that makes a lot of sense.
So we've talked about lifestylechanges and medications, but
what if those options aren'tenough?
Are there other treatmentoptions available for PCOS?
Speaker 2 (09:43):
There are, and we'll dive into those in the next part
of our deep dive.
Speaker 1 (09:46):
All right, stay tuned for that.
We'll be back in a moment toexplore even more about PCOS
treatment.
Welcome back.
So before the break we weretalking about the different
medications used to manage PCOS.
Now I'm curious what happenswhen lifestyle changes and
medication just aren't enough?
What happens if you know, let'ssay, someone's trying to
(10:07):
conceive and those things aren'tworking?
What other options are out?
Speaker 2 (10:11):
there looking at assisted reproductive technology
, or RT.
Speaker 1 (10:15):
RT.
Okay, so that sounds likepretty high tech.
Can you break that down for mea little bit Like what does that
involve for someone with PCOS?
Speaker 2 (10:23):
Sure.
When it comes to PCOS and RT,two common procedures are often
considered intrauterineinsemination, known as IUI, Okay
and in vitro fertilization,which you've probably heard of
as IVF, right right, iui and IVF.
Speaker 1 (10:38):
I've heard of those but honestly I'm not totally
clear on what they are.
Could you walk me through howthose procedures actually work?
Speaker 2 (10:45):
Absolutely so.
Let's start with IUI.
In this procedure, sperm iscollected and then specially
prepared, basically washed andconcentrated, to increase the
chances of fertilization.
Oh okay, then this concentratedsperm is directly placed into
the uterus using a thin catheter.
It's time to coincide withovulation, which is often aided
(11:06):
by medication.
Speaker 1 (11:07):
So it's kind of like giving the sperm a little extra
help getting to where it needsto be.
Speaker 2 (11:11):
Exactly.
It kind of bypasses the cervixand puts the sperm right there
in the uterus, closer to the egg.
Now IVF is a bit more complex.
Speaker 1 (11:18):
Okay, so tell me more about IVF.
What makes it more involved?
Speaker 2 (11:21):
Well, IVF involves several steps.
First, the woman takesfertility medications to
stimulate the ovaries to producemultiple eggs.
Speaker 1 (11:28):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (11:29):
Then those eggs are retrieved through a minor
surgical procedure using aneedle guided by ultrasound.
Speaker 1 (11:34):
So they actually like extract, extract the eggs from
the ovaries?
Speaker 2 (11:38):
Yes, and then they're fertilized with sperm in a
laboratory setting.
Wow, this is where the in vitropart comes in.
In vitro means in glass,referring to the petri dish
where fertilization occurs.
Speaker 1 (11:50):
Fascinating.
So then, what happens after theeggs are fertilized in the lab?
Speaker 2 (11:54):
The fertilized eggs.
Now embryos are monitored andallowed to develop for a few
days.
Then one or more of theseembryos are carefully selected
and transferred back into thewoman's uterus.
Speaker 1 (12:06):
It's amazing how science can literally create
life in a lab.
That's incredible.
But I imagine there are uniquechallenges for PCOS patients
going through IVF.
What did our sources say aboutthat?
Speaker 2 (12:17):
You're right, pcos does present some specific
considerations when it comes toIVF.
Speaker 1 (12:21):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (12:21):
For example, one challenge is that PCOS patients
often have many follicles, thoselittle sacs in the ovaries that
contain the eggs.
Speaker 1 (12:27):
Right, we talked about that as one of the
diagnostic criteria for PCOS.
Speaker 2 (12:31):
Yeah.
Speaker 1 (12:31):
So how does having many follicles make IVF
treatment more complicated?
Speaker 2 (12:36):
Well, while it might seem like having lots of
follicles is a good thing forfertility, it can actually
increase the risk of acomplication called ovarian
hyperstimulation syndrome, orOHSS.
Speaker 1 (12:47):
OHSS, I've never heard of that.
What is that?
Speaker 2 (12:49):
OHSS is a condition that can occur when the ovaries
become overstimulated by thefertility medications used in
IVF.
Essentially, the ovaries becomeswollen and painful, and it can
sometimes lead to more seriouscomplications.
Speaker 1 (13:02):
That sounds pretty serious.
So how do doctors minimize therisk of OHSS for PCOS patients
going through IVF?
Speaker 2 (13:10):
There are a few strategies.
One approach which the doctorin the video highly recommends
is to freeze all embryos forlater transfer.
Speaker 1 (13:18):
Wait.
So instead of transferring theembryos right after
fertilization, they freeze themand transfer them later.
Why is that beneficial for PCOSpatients?
Speaker 2 (13:27):
It's all about giving the ovaries a chance to recover
.
By freezing the embryos, youcan avoid transferring them
during the period when theovaries are still highly
stimulated from the fertilitymedications, thereby reducing
the risk of OHSS.
The embryos can then be thawedand transferred later, when the
ovaries are back to their normalstate.
Speaker 1 (13:45):
So it's kind of like a safety precaution to protect
against that OHSS.
Speaker 2 (13:49):
Exactly.
It's a common practice for PCOSpatients undergoing IVF to
minimize those risks and improvethe chances of a successful
pregnancy.
Speaker 1 (13:58):
Okay, that makes sense.
This is all so insightful, butbefore we go any further down,
you know the IVF path.
I want to take a step back fora second and just talk about
living with PCOS in general.
Beyond fertility, what did oursources have to say about
managing this condition for justoverall health and well-being,
even if someone isn't activelytrying to have children?
Speaker 2 (14:19):
That's a really important point.
The doctor in our sourcematerial emphasized that PCOS
isn't just about fertility.
It's a condition that can have,you know, a ripple effect on
many aspects of health.
Speaker 1 (14:31):
Yeah, yeah.
Speaker 2 (14:32):
Managing PCOS is crucial for overall well-being,
whether or not someone wants toconceive.
Speaker 1 (14:36):
That's a good reminder.
It's not just a like women'sissue, you know, focused only on
reproductive health.
It can impact someone's life ina lot of different ways.
Speaker 2 (14:44):
Absolutely, and a lot of the management strategies
we've already discussed, likelifestyle changes in certain
medications, are beneficial foroverall health, regardless of
fertility goals.
Speaker 1 (14:52):
Right.
Speaker 2 (14:52):
For example, maintaining a healthy weight,
eating a balanced diet andexercising regularly can help
improve insulin sensitivity,reduce the risk of heart disease
and boost mood.
Speaker 1 (15:04):
Yeah.
Speaker 2 (15:04):
Benefits everyone could appreciate.
Speaker 1 (15:06):
Absolutely.
It's about taking a holisticapproach to health, recognizing
that everything's connected.
Speaker 2 (15:12):
Exactly, and this brings us to something really
fascinating that the doctortouched upon in the video which
I think you'll find interesting.
Speaker 1 (15:18):
Oh, I love where this is going.
Okay, what caught yourattention?
Speaker 2 (15:27):
He emphasized this interconnectedness of different
bodily systems.
You know how they influenceeach other.
Remember when we talked aboutthat domino effect of abdominal
obesity leading to insulinresistance and then potentially
PCOS Right, and then potentiallyPCOS Right.
Well, he takes that concept astep further and highlights how
other factors like stress andsleep can also play a role in
this hormonal cascade thatcontributes to PCOS.
Speaker 1 (15:47):
Oh, that's so interesting.
It really underscores theimportance of taking care of our
whole selves not just focusingon one isolated aspect of health
.
Speaker 2 (15:55):
Exactly.
It's like a puzzle where allthe pieces fit together.
Speaker 1 (15:57):
Yeah.
Speaker 2 (15:58):
If one piece is out of place, it can disrupt the
whole picture.
Speaker 1 (16:01):
I love that analogy.
So it sounds like managing PCRSeffectively involves this kind
of multi-pronged approach.
Speaker 2 (16:09):
Right.
Speaker 1 (16:09):
That addresses not only diet and exercise but also,
you know, stress level, sleepquality, potentially other
lifestyle factors that canimpact hormonal balance.
Speaker 2 (16:19):
Precisely, it's about tuning into your body,
listening to its signals andmaking choices that support
overall well-being.
And speaking ofinterconnectedness, there's
another fascinating area ofresearch that's emerging in the
context of PCOS that I think weshould explore.
Speaker 1 (16:33):
Okay, I'm all ears.
Tell me more about thisintriguing new research.
What's the focus?
Speaker 2 (16:38):
It's all about the gut.
Speaker 1 (16:39):
The gut Wait.
What does gut health have to dowith PCOS?
Speaker 2 (16:42):
It might seem surprising, but there's a
growing body of researchexploring this intricate link
between gut health and PCOS.
And what's fascinating is thatthis research is revealing just
how much our gut health canimpact our hormonal balance, our
metabolism.
Speaker 1 (16:58):
Okay, I'm officially intrigued.
Break this down for me, Likewhat's the connection between
the gut and PCOS?
Speaker 2 (17:05):
Well, you see, our gut is home to trillions of
bacteria, collectively known asthe gut microbiome.
Speaker 1 (17:11):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (17:11):
This diverse community of microorganisms
plays a vital role in digestion,immune function and you guessed
it hormone regulation.
Speaker 1 (17:19):
So are you saying that an imbalance in these gut
bacteria could potentially messwith hormones and contribute to
PCOS?
Speaker 2 (17:26):
That's exactly what the research is suggesting.
Some studies have found thatwomen with PCOS tend to have
alterations in their gutmicrobiome compared to women
without the condition.
Speaker 1 (17:36):
So what kind of alterations are we talking about
?
Is it, like you know, badbacteria taking over?
Speaker 2 (17:41):
Not necessarily bad bacteria taking over, but more
like a lack of diversity in thegut microbiome.
Think of it like a garden.
A healthy gut microbiome islike a thriving garden with a
wide variety of plants, eachcontributing its unique benefits
.
But in PCOS, research suggeststhat there's often less
diversity like a garden withonly a few types of plants, that
(18:03):
there's often less diversitylike a garden with only a few
types of plants.
this lack of diversity candisrupt the balance of the gut
ecosystem and impact its abilityto function optimally so less
of variety in the gut garden, soto speak precisely, and this
lack of diversity has beenlinked to inflammation, insulin
resistance, which we know is akey factor in PCOS right, and
even those pesky androgenhormones that are often elevated
(18:25):
in PCOS.
Speaker 1 (18:26):
Wow.
So it's like that domino effectwe talked about earlier, but
this time it's starting in thegut.
What's causing these gutmicrobiome imbalances in the
first place?
Is there a clear culprit?
Speaker 2 (18:35):
That's still an area of active research, but several
factors could be at play.
Diet definitely seems to have amajor influence.
For example, diets high inprocessed foods, sugar and
unhealthy fats have been linkedto gut microbiome disruptions.
Speaker 1 (18:48):
So what we eat can directly impact that balance of
bacteria in our gut, which canthen influence our hormones and
potentially contribute to PCOS.
It's like this whole chainreaction.
Speaker 2 (18:59):
Exactly, and it's not just diet.
Other factors likeenvironmental exposures, certain
medications like antibioticsand even genetics can play a
role in shaping the gutmicrobiome.
It's a complex interplay ofnature and nurture.
Speaker 1 (19:12):
It's fascinating how everything is so interconnected.
So if gut health can influencePCOS, are there things that we
can do to support a healthy gutmicrobiome and potentially
improve PCOS symptoms?
Speaker 2 (19:23):
That's the great news .
There are absolutely things wecan do to nurture our gut
microbiome and promote itsdiversity and balance, and these
strategies can have a positiveripple effect on overall health,
including PCOS.
Speaker 1 (19:35):
Okay, I want to hear these gut-friendly secrets.
What can we do to cultivate ahealthy, gut microbiome?
Speaker 2 (19:40):
Well, diet is a powerful tool.
Focus on eating a variety offiber-rich foods like fruits,
vegetables, legumes and wholegrains.
These foods act as prebiotics,which basically means they
provide nourishment for thebeneficial bacteria in your gut.
Think of prebiotics asfertilizer for your gut garden.
Speaker 1 (19:58):
Okay, so we're feeding those good gut bugs.
What else is on the menu for ahealthy gut?
Speaker 2 (20:03):
They also love fermented foods which are rich
in probiotics.
Probiotics are live beneficialbacteria that can help replenish
and diversify the gutmicrobiome.
Think yogurt with live andactive cultures, Kefir,
sauerkraut, kimchi all thosetangy and delicious fermented
delights.
Speaker 1 (20:20):
Yeah, those are definitely some gut-friendly
recommendations I can get behind, but is food the only way to
influence gut health?
Speaker 2 (20:27):
Not necessarily.
Managing stress can also have apositive impact on your gut
microbiome.
When we're chronically stressed, it can throw our gut bacteria
out of whack.
Stress hormones can disruptthat delicate balance of the gut
ecosystem.
Speaker 1 (20:39):
So finding healthy ways to manage stress, good for
the mind and the gut, double win.
Speaker 2 (20:44):
Exactly yeah.
Techniques like yoga,meditation, deep breathing
exercises, spending time innature anything that helps you
relax and de-stress, can benefityour gut health as well.
Speaker 1 (20:53):
This is all so fascinating.
It really underscores howinterconnected our bodies are.
You know, hormones, gut health,mental well-being it's all
intertwined.
Speaker 2 (21:02):
It truly is a symphony of systems working
together, and when one system isout of tune, it can have ripple
effects throughout the body.
Speaker 1 (21:10):
Speaking of ripple effects, did the doctor in our
source material mention anythingabout how, you know, addressing
gut health might impact PCOSsymptoms?
Like?
Were there any insights intowhether these gut-friendly
strategies could actually make adifference?
Like?
Speaker 2 (21:23):
were there any insights into whether these
gut-friendly strategies couldactually make a difference?
While these specific sourcesdidn't delve into treatment
outcomes or specific studies,emerging research does suggest
that improving gut health mayhelp to manage those PCOS
symptoms.
Speaker 1 (21:33):
So things like reducing inflammation, improving
insulin sensitivity, maybe evenregulating those androgen
hormones all those things wetalked about could potentially
be influenced by nurturing ahealthy gut.
Speaker 2 (21:45):
Exactly.
It's still early days in termsof research, but it's a
promising avenue for exploringnew approaches to PCOS
management.
And the great thing is thatmany of these gut-friendly
strategies, like eating abalanced diet, managing stress,
incorporating fermented foodsalready aligned with, you know,
overall healthy living.
Speaker 1 (22:05):
Yeah, it's exciting to think that something as
simple as taking care of yourgut could have such a profound
impact on your health andpotentially make a difference in
managing PCOS.
It really like empowers you totake control of your own
well-being.
Speaker 2 (22:19):
It does and it speaks to the power of a holistic
approach, you know, addressingthe root cause rather than just
treating symptoms.
Speaker 1 (22:27):
Well said Now, while we've covered a lot of ground
today, from hormone imbalancesto IVF, to this fascinating
world of gut health, I feel likewe've only, just, you know,
scratched the surface of thisreally complex condition.
Speaker 2 (22:38):
You're right, PCOS is a multifaceted condition and
there's always more to learn andexplore.
But I think this deep dive hasprovided a solid foundation for
understanding the basics and hashopefully sparked some
curiosity to delve even deeperinto the world of PCOS.
Speaker 1 (22:53):
Absolutely.
But before we wrap things up,I'm curious are there any other
key takeaways or final thoughtsthat you'd like to leave our
listener with?
Speaker 2 (23:02):
One thing I'd like to emphasize is that PCOS is not a
one-size-fits-all condition.
Right, it's complex andindividual, and the journey to
understanding and managing it isunique for each person.
Embrace that individuality,seek support from health care
providers and other people withPCOS, and remember that
knowledge is your most powerfultool.
Speaker 1 (23:22):
I love that.
It's a reminder that you're notalone in this journey and
there's a whole community ofsupport out there.
Well, folks, we've come to theend of our deep dive into PCOS.
I hope you found thisexploration as insightful and
empowering as I have.
And remember, if you'reconcerned about PCOS or any
other health condition, it'scrucial to seek guidance from
you know a qualified health careprofessional.
(23:43):
They can provide personalizedadvice and support tailored to
your individual needs.
Speaker 2 (23:47):
Couldn't agree more.
Speaker 1 (23:48):
And with that it's time to sign off.
But before we do, any finalparting words.
Speaker 2 (23:53):
Perhaps a reminder to tune into your body, listen to
what it's telling you and don'thesitate to advocate for your
own health and well-being.
Beautifully said, and with thatwe bid you farewell Until next
time.
Happy, deep diving.
Welcome back to our final partof this deep dive into PCOS.
(24:14):
You know we've covered a lot ofground already, like
understanding what PCOS is andexploring the treatment options.
But before we wrap things up, Iwant to go back to that
connection between gut healthand PCOS.
It's, you know, relatively newresearch, but it feels like it
could really change how wemanage PCOS.
Speaker 1 (24:27):
Yeah, it's definitely an area that's getting more
attention and it's excitingbecause it offers a new way to
look at PCOS and hopefullydevelop new strategies to, you
know, help those with it.
Speaker 2 (24:38):
Okay, so can you remind me, like, how is gut
health actually connected toPCOS?
It still seems like asurprising link to me.
It might seem surprising atfirst, but when you think about
it it makes sense.
Our gut is home to trillions ofbacteria, fungi and other
microorganisms, a really diverseecosystem that we call the gut
microbiome, and this microbiomeplays a crucial role in a lot of
(25:00):
aspects of our health.
You know digestion, immunityand we're learning even hormone
regulation.
Speaker 1 (25:06):
So the idea is that an imbalance in this gut
microbiome could throw off ourhormones and contribute to PCOS.
Speaker 2 (25:12):
That's what the research is pointing to.
Now it's still early and weneed more research, but several
studies have found differencesin the gut microbiome of women
with PCOS compared to womenwithout the condition.
Speaker 1 (25:23):
Okay, so what kind of differences are we talking
about?
What's going on in the gut thatcould be linked to PCOS?
Speaker 2 (25:28):
One key difference that researchers have found is a
decrease in the diversity ofbacteria in the gut microbiome
of women with PCOS.
Imagine your gut microbiomelike a rainforest.
You know it's a thrivingecosystem a wide variety of
species.
A healthy gut microbiome hasthis diversity, lots of
different types of bacteria,each one playing a unique role,
(25:50):
all contributing to the balanceof that ecosystem.
Speaker 1 (25:53):
Okay, I like that analogy.
So a healthy gut is like thisdiverse rainforest.
But what about women with PCOS?
What does their rainforest looklike?
Speaker 2 (26:01):
Well, research suggests that the gut microbiome
in women with PCOS has lessdiversity, more like a forest
that's been cleared andreplanted with only a few types
of trees and this lack ofdiversity.
It can have a cascading effect.
It disrupts the balance of thegut ecosystem.
Speaker 1 (26:16):
So it's not just bad bacteria.
It's about the lack of overalldiversity.
Speaker 2 (26:20):
Exactly, and this lack of diversity.
It's been linked to severalhealth issues that we also see
with PCOS, like inflammation,insulin resistance and even
those androgen levels.
Speaker 1 (26:29):
So a less diverse gut microbiome could actually lead
to those hormonal imbalancesthat you know are so
characteristic of PCOS.
It's like all these puzzlepieces are coming together,
right, but what's causing thislack of diversity in the gut
microbiome Like?
Why are women with PCOS seeingthis shift?
Speaker 2 (26:46):
That's a great question and researchers are
trying to figure that out.
There's no one answer, butseveral factors seem to be
involved.
Diet definitely plays a bigrole.
Diets that are high inprocessed foods, sugar and
unhealthy fats.
We know that they impact gutmicrobiome diversity.
Speaker 1 (27:02):
So what we eat can directly change the balance of
bacteria in our gut and that canthen impact our hormones and
potentially lead to PCOS, like achain reaction.
Speaker 2 (27:11):
Exactly, and it's not just diet.
Like a chain reaction.
Exactly, and it's not just diet.
Other things can affect it too,like chronic stress, exposure
to environmental toxins.
Even things like antibioticscan all disrupt the gut
microbiome.
Speaker 1 (27:21):
So interesting how everything's connected.
Our gut health is impacted byso many things in our lives.
But if this less diverse gutmicrobiome is linked to those
PCOS issues, what can we doabout it?
Is there anything we can do toshift the balance and create a?
Speaker 2 (27:39):
healthier gut.
That's the good news.
There's actually a lot we cando to help our gut microbiome,
yeah, and many of thesestrategies are things we've
already talked about.
Speaker 1 (27:45):
Okay, I'm ready.
Give me the gut, friendly tips.
Speaker 2 (27:48):
Okay, so diet is a great starting point.
One of the best things you cando for your gut is to eat a
variety of plant-based foods, sofruits, vegetables, legumes,
whole grains, all of thesefiber-rich foods.
They act as prebiotics.
Speaker 1 (28:02):
Prebiotics.
Those are the fertilizers forour gut garden.
Speaker 2 (28:04):
Exactly Prebiotics.
They feed the beneficialbacteria in our gut and they
help them to flourish.
And the more diverse your diet,the more diverse your gut
microbiome will be.
Speaker 1 (28:13):
So it's like eat the rainbow.
Loading up on all thosecolorful fruits and veggies is a
win-win.
Speaker 2 (28:19):
Yes, absolutely, and in addition to prebiotics
there's also probiotics.
Probiotics are live bacteriathat can help replenish and
diversify the gut microbiome.
Speaker 1 (28:29):
Okay, yeah, Remind me what are good sources of
probiotics.
Speaker 2 (28:32):
Fermented foods are a fantastic source of probiotics.
Things like yogurt with liveand active cultures, kefir,
sauerkraut, kimchi, kombucha allthose delicious tangy treats
are full of beneficial bacteria.
Speaker 1 (28:45):
So having some yogurt at breakfast or adding
fermented foods to our meals canhelp support gut health.
Speaker 2 (28:51):
Exactly, and it's not just what you eat, it's how you
eat.
Taking the time to chew yourfood well, eating in a relaxed
environment, listening to yourbody's hunger cues all of this
can support good digestion and abalanced gut microbiome.
Speaker 1 (29:03):
It's a good reminder to really be mindful, to be
present when we eat, you know,not just rushing through our
meals.
Speaker 2 (29:08):
Right and don't underestimate the power of
stress management.
Chronic stress can really messwith our gut bacteria, so
finding healthy ways to managestress is important.
Speaker 1 (29:18):
So all those things like yoga, meditation, spending
time in nature, anything thathelps you de-stress, that can
also help your gut.
Speaker 2 (29:25):
Exactly Taking care of our mental and emotional
well-being is important for guthealth too, not just what we eat
.
Speaker 1 (29:31):
This is so fascinating.
It really highlights howconnected our bodies are.
It's not just our hormones orgut, it's our mental well-being
too.
It's all related.
Speaker 2 (29:40):
It really is.
Our bodies are complex systemsthat are all linked together.
Speaker 1 (29:43):
Well, this has been such an interesting exploration.
It's amazing to think thattaking care of our gut could
actually help us manage PCOS.
Speaker 2 (29:51):
Right.
Speaker 1 (29:52):
It's really empowering.
Speaker 2 (29:54):
It is.
It highlights the power of aholistic approach to health.
We're not just treatingsymptoms, but trying to get at
the root cause.
Speaker 1 (30:01):
I agree, but it's important to remember that
research on the gut microbiomeand PCOS is still ongoing.
We don't have all the answersyet.
Speaker 2 (30:09):
Absolutely.
We need more research to fullyunderstand this complex
relationship.
Speaker 1 (30:13):
It's so important to stay informed, talk to your
health care provider about anyquestions or concerns you have,
and remember you know what worksfor one person may not work for
another.
It's all about finding what'sright for you.
Well, folks, we've reached theend of our deep dive into PCOS.
I hope you found it insightful,empowering and maybe even a
little bit surprising.
Speaker 2 (30:34):
I think we covered a lot today.
We talked about the hormonesinvolved in PCOS, the criteria
for diagnosis, treatment optionsand the exciting research on
the gut microbiome.
Speaker 1 (30:43):
Yeah, there's always more to learn, and knowledge is
power when it comes to yourhealth, absolutely.
And with that we say goodbye,until next time.
Happy, deep diving.
Life by Dr Pat Leading innovation in fertility
excellence.
Speaker 2 (00:06):
Deep dive into reproduction with Life by Dr Pat
.
Speaker 1 (00:09):
Welcome to our deep dive on PCOS.
We're going to really explorewhat it is, how it's diagnosed
and what the treatment optionsare.
Speaker 2 (00:18):
Sounds good.
Speaker 1 (00:19):
So the sources today are excerpts from a Thai website
specializing in fertility andinfertility treatment and a
YouTube video from the samedoctor, a reproductive
endocrinologist.
Speaker 2 (00:30):
Oh, interesting.
Speaker 1 (00:31):
Yeah, since the sources are in Thai, we'll be,
you know, summarizing those keypoints for you.
What I found really fascinatingwas how cultural perspectives
on health care can differ andyet that core information, it
remains the same.
Speaker 2 (00:44):
Yeah, that's really interesting how medical
knowledge can, kind of you know,transcend borders.
Speaker 1 (00:49):
It's pretty cool yeah absolutely, and I have to say I
learned way more about PCOSthan I ever thought possible.
Speaker 2 (00:56):
Oh really.
Speaker 1 (00:56):
Yeah, it's way more complex than just having cysts
on your ovaries, which is, I'llbe honest, what I always assumed
.
Speaker 2 (01:03):
Right yeah, the name polycystic ovary syndrome can be
a bit misleading.
It's not about surgicallyremoving cysts.
Speaker 1 (01:11):
Oh, okay.
Speaker 2 (01:11):
It's a hormonal disorder that primarily affects
how the ovaries function.
Speaker 1 (01:15):
So if it's not about the cysts, then what is PCOS
Like?
What's the main issue?
Speaker 2 (01:20):
Well, pcos is characterized by an imbalance of
hormones.
Okay, it's a condition wherethe ovaries produce more
androgens than they should.
Speaker 1 (01:29):
Androgens.
Speaker 2 (01:30):
Androgens are typically thought of as male
hormones, but you know, everyonehas them.
Speaker 1 (01:34):
Right right.
Speaker 2 (01:35):
In people with PCOS, though, these higher androgen
levels can contribute to a wholerange of symptoms.
Speaker 1 (01:40):
Okay.
So then how do doctors actuallyfigure out if someone has PCOS?
Is it all about those excessandrogens, or are there other
things they're looking for?
Speaker 2 (01:48):
Diagnosing PCOS can be a little tricky and doctors
use a set of criteria known asthe Rotterdam criteria.
Speaker 1 (01:54):
The Rotterdam criteria yeah.
Speaker 2 (01:56):
It was established in 2003 by the European Society
for Human Reproduction andEmbryology.
Speaker 1 (02:01):
Wow.
Speaker 2 (02:02):
And the American Society for Reproductive
Medicine.
Speaker 1 (02:04):
Got it.
Speaker 2 (02:04):
So it's kind of like a checklist with three main
points.
Speaker 1 (02:07):
A checklist.
Okay, so walk me through thislist.
What are those three points?
Speaker 2 (02:11):
So, first, there's infrequent periods, meaning
fewer than 10 menstrual cycles ayear.
The second point is high levelsof androgens, like we just
talked about, and finally, thepresence of many small follicles
on the ovaries, which arevisible during an ultrasound.
Speaker 1 (02:26):
So you need to have all three of those things to be
diagnosed with PCOS.
Speaker 2 (02:30):
Not necessarily.
A PCOS diagnosis can be made ifsomeone meets just two out of
the three criteria.
Speaker 1 (02:36):
Oh, okay.
Speaker 2 (02:37):
But here's where it gets even more complex.
Doctors have to rule out otherconditions that can mimic PCOS,
like what?
Like thyroid issues or certaintypes of tumors they have to
rule out other conditions thatcan mimic PCOS, like what?
Like thyroid issues or certaintypes of tumors.
They have to make sure whatthey're seeing is really PCOS
and not something else entirely.
Speaker 1 (02:53):
Oh, wow.
So it's like a medical puzzlealmost.
Speaker 2 (02:56):
Yeah, you could say that.
Speaker 1 (02:57):
Finding the right pieces to fit together.
That's interesting.
So what about the cause of thishormonal imbalance?
Do we know, like a clear answerfor what causes this?
Speaker 2 (03:06):
Well, that's the million dollar question, and
unfortunately we don't have adefinitive answer yet.
Ok, the exact cause of PCOS isstill unknown.
However, the prevailing theorypoints to a chain reaction that
often starts with abdominalobesity.
Speaker 1 (03:19):
So belly fat.
Speaker 2 (03:20):
Yes, belly fat is a major player here.
Speaker 1 (03:23):
OK.
Speaker 2 (03:23):
The theory is that excess belly fat can lead to
something called insulinresistance.
Speaker 1 (03:29):
Insulin resistance.
I've heard that term before,but remind me, what does insulin
do again, what is that?
Speaker 2 (03:34):
So insulin is a hormone that helps your body use
glucose or sugar for energy.
Speaker 1 (03:39):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (03:39):
When you have insulin resistance, your cells don't
respond to insulin as well asthey should.
Speaker 1 (03:44):
Uh-huh.
Speaker 2 (03:45):
And this can lead to a buildup of glucose in your
blood.
Speaker 1 (03:49):
Okay, got it.
So how does this all relateback to PCOS?
Speaker 2 (03:53):
Well, this insulin resistance, which is often
triggered by that excess bellyfat, seems to disrupt ovarian
function, which in turn can leadto the development of PCOS.
It's like a domino effect, okay.
So like one thing leads toanother, leads to another, okay,
which in turn can lead to thedevelopment of PCOS.
Speaker 1 (04:05):
It's like a domino effect.
Okay, so like one thing leadsto another, leads to another.
Speaker 2 (04:08):
Exactly.
Speaker 1 (04:09):
But what I found interesting is the doctor in our
source material mentioned thatPCOS can occur in people who
aren't overweight.
Speaker 2 (04:14):
That's right.
It'd be surprising.
Speaker 1 (04:16):
Yeah.
Speaker 2 (04:16):
In the video he suggests that in these cases,
pcos could be due toirregularities in the pituitary
gland.
Speaker 1 (04:23):
Oh, the pituitary gland.
I don't know much about that.
Can you explain what that is?
Speaker 2 (04:27):
Sure.
Think of the pituitary gland asthe master conductor of your
endocrine system.
Speaker 1 (04:32):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (04:32):
It's a tiny gland in your brain that controls hormone
production, including thehormones involved in PCOS.
Speaker 1 (04:39):
Oh, I see.
So even without that obesityfactor, hormonal imbalances
originating in the pituitarygland could still lead to PCOS.
Speaker 2 (04:48):
Exactly.
It really highlights just howcomplex this condition is and
how much we still don't knowabout its underlying causes.
Speaker 1 (04:55):
Okay, so we've covered what PCOS is and how
it's diagnosed.
Now let's get to the part.
I think a lot of people areprobably wondering about
treatment.
What did our sources have tosay about managing PCOS?
Speaker 2 (05:08):
Well, the good news is that there are a variety of
treatment options available.
Speaker 1 (05:12):
Okay, that's good.
Speaker 2 (05:13):
But the approach is very individualized.
Okay, it depends on theperson's specific symptoms,
their overall health and whetheror not they're trying to
conceive.
Speaker 1 (05:20):
Gotcha.
So no magic bullet.
Unfortunately Afraid not.
Speaker 2 (05:25):
But there are definitely some common threads
in PCOS treatment that we canexplore.
Speaker 1 (05:28):
All right, so let's talk about those common threads.
What are some of the typicaltreatment options doctors might
recommend?
Speaker 2 (05:35):
One of the first things doctors often emphasize
is the importance of lifestylechanges.
Okay, particularly when itcomes to addressing that domino
effect we talked about earlier.
Speaker 1 (05:44):
So tackling that belly fat and insulin resistance
head on.
Speaker 2 (05:48):
Exactly.
Weight loss, especiallyreducing belly fat, is often
crucial for managing PCOS.
Speaker 1 (05:55):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (05:56):
Even a small weight loss, as little as 5%, can make
a significant difference insymptoms and overall health.
Speaker 1 (06:02):
Wow.
So 5%, that feels a lot moreachievable than some like
drastic weight loss goal, youknow.
Speaker 2 (06:09):
Absolutely.
It's about making sustainablechanges that you can stick with
long term.
Speaker 1 (06:13):
Right.
Speaker 2 (06:14):
Now, diet and exercise play a huge role in
this weight management strategy.
The doctor in our sourcesreally emphasized their
importance.
Speaker 1 (06:21):
Okay, so tell me more about that, Like what kind of
diet and exerciserecommendations did he give?
Well?
Speaker 2 (06:26):
he advocated for a balanced, healthy diet, you know
, focusing on whole foods likefruits, vegetables, lean protein
and whole grains.
Speaker 1 (06:33):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (06:34):
He also emphasized the importance of limiting
processed foods, sugary drinksand unhealthy fats.
Speaker 1 (06:40):
So pretty standard healthy eating advice, right?
Yeah, pretty much Okay.
Speaker 2 (06:45):
But with a focus on managing insulin resistance.
He specifically recommendedchoosing foods with a low
glycemic index, which basicallymeans they won't spike your
blood sugar as much.
Speaker 1 (06:56):
Okay, that makes sense.
And what about exercise?
Speaker 2 (06:58):
Like what kind of?
Speaker 1 (06:58):
exercise did he recommend?
Speaker 2 (07:00):
He recommended a combination of cardio and
strength training.
Speaker 1 (07:03):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (07:04):
Cardio exercises like brisk walking, running or
swimming are great for burningcalories and improving
cardiovascular health.
Speaker 1 (07:11):
Makes sense.
Speaker 2 (07:12):
Strength training helps build muscle, which can
boost your metabolism and makeit easier to lose weight in the
long run.
Speaker 1 (07:18):
Gotcha, so it's like a good balance of those two.
Speaker 2 (07:20):
Exactly.
It's all about findingactivities that you enjoy and
that you can stick with.
Speaker 1 (07:24):
Right right.
Consistency is key.
Speaker 2 (07:27):
Yes, definitely.
Speaker 1 (07:28):
So it sounds like lifestyle changes are a really
big part of managing PCOS.
But what if someone makes thosechanges and is still struggling
?
What are some other options?
Speaker 2 (07:38):
That's where medications can come in.
Speaker 1 (07:40):
Oh okay.
Speaker 2 (07:40):
Certain medications can be really helpful in
managing PCOS symptoms andimproving overall health.
Speaker 1 (07:45):
Okay, I'm curious.
Tell me more about thesemedications.
What are some common ones usedfor PCOS?
Speaker 2 (07:50):
One of the most commonly prescribed medications
for PCOS is metformin.
Speaker 1 (07:54):
Metformin.
Speaker 2 (07:55):
Yes, metformin.
It was originally developed totreat type 2 diabetes, but it's
also very effective for PCOS.
Speaker 1 (08:02):
Interesting.
Okay, so how does metforminwork for PCOS?
Does it have something to dowith insulin?
Speaker 2 (08:08):
You got it.
Metformin helps improve insulinsensitivity.
Speaker 1 (08:11):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (08:12):
Meaning.
Your body becomes better atusing insulin.
This can have a positive impacton many PCOS symptoms,
including irregular periods,excess androgens and even
fertility.
Speaker 1 (08:22):
Wow, so it kind of addresses that.
You know that root cause ofinsulin resistance we talked
about.
Speaker 2 (08:27):
Exactly, it's not a cure-all, but it can be a very
effective tool.
Speaker 1 (08:30):
That's great.
What other medications arecommonly used for PCOS?
Speaker 2 (08:34):
Well, if someone is struggling with irregular
periods or trying to conceive,doctors might prescribe
medications to induce ovulation.
Speaker 1 (08:43):
Induce ovulation.
What does that mean?
Speaker 2 (08:45):
It means to help stimulate the ovaries to release
an egg.
Speaker 1 (08:47):
Oh, I see, I see.
Okay, what are some examples ofthose medications?
Speaker 2 (08:51):
Two commonly used medications for ovulation
induction are clomiphene citrateand litrazole.
Speaker 1 (08:56):
Okay, so we've got metformin for insulin resistance
and then ovulation-inducingmedications if someone is trying
to get pregnant.
Are there any other medicationsthat are used for PCOS?
Speaker 2 (09:07):
There are.
Sometimes doctors willprescribe medications
specifically to address theexcess androgen levels in PCOS.
Speaker 1 (09:13):
Oh, okay.
Speaker 2 (09:14):
These medications can help reduce symptoms like acne
and unwanted hair growth.
Speaker 1 (09:18):
So it sounds like doctors really have a whole
toolkit of medications to helpmanage PCOS, depending on the
individual's needs.
Speaker 2 (09:24):
They do.
But what's important is thatmedication is often used in
conjunction with lifestylechanges.
It's not one or the other, it'sa combination approach.
Speaker 1 (09:32):
Right, right, okay, that makes a lot of sense.
So we've talked about lifestylechanges and medications, but
what if those options aren'tenough?
Are there other treatmentoptions available for PCOS?
Speaker 2 (09:43):
There are, and we'll dive into those in the next part
of our deep dive.
Speaker 1 (09:46):
All right, stay tuned for that.
We'll be back in a moment toexplore even more about PCOS
treatment.
Welcome back.
So before the break we weretalking about the different
medications used to manage PCOS.
Now I'm curious what happenswhen lifestyle changes and
medication just aren't enough?
What happens if you know, let'ssay, someone's trying to
(10:07):
conceive and those things aren'tworking?
What other options are out?
Speaker 2 (10:11):
there looking at assisted reproductive technology
, or RT.
Speaker 1 (10:15):
RT.
Okay, so that sounds likepretty high tech.
Can you break that down for mea little bit Like what does that
involve for someone with PCOS?
Speaker 2 (10:23):
Sure.
When it comes to PCOS and RT,two common procedures are often
considered intrauterineinsemination, known as IUI, Okay
and in vitro fertilization,which you've probably heard of
as IVF, right right, iui and IVF.
Speaker 1 (10:38):
I've heard of those but honestly I'm not totally
clear on what they are.
Could you walk me through howthose procedures actually work?
Speaker 2 (10:45):
Absolutely so.
Let's start with IUI.
In this procedure, sperm iscollected and then specially
prepared, basically washed andconcentrated, to increase the
chances of fertilization.
Oh okay, then this concentratedsperm is directly placed into
the uterus using a thin catheter.
It's time to coincide withovulation, which is often aided
(11:06):
by medication.
Speaker 1 (11:07):
So it's kind of like giving the sperm a little extra
help getting to where it needsto be.
Speaker 2 (11:11):
Exactly.
It kind of bypasses the cervixand puts the sperm right there
in the uterus, closer to the egg.
Now IVF is a bit more complex.
Speaker 1 (11:18):
Okay, so tell me more about IVF.
What makes it more involved?
Speaker 2 (11:21):
Well, IVF involves several steps.
First, the woman takesfertility medications to
stimulate the ovaries to producemultiple eggs.
Speaker 1 (11:28):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (11:29):
Then those eggs are retrieved through a minor
surgical procedure using aneedle guided by ultrasound.
Speaker 1 (11:34):
So they actually like extract, extract the eggs from
the ovaries?
Speaker 2 (11:38):
Yes, and then they're fertilized with sperm in a
laboratory setting.
Wow, this is where the in vitropart comes in.
In vitro means in glass,referring to the petri dish
where fertilization occurs.
Speaker 1 (11:50):
Fascinating.
So then, what happens after theeggs are fertilized in the lab?
Speaker 2 (11:54):
The fertilized eggs.
Now embryos are monitored andallowed to develop for a few
days.
Then one or more of theseembryos are carefully selected
and transferred back into thewoman's uterus.
Speaker 1 (12:06):
It's amazing how science can literally create
life in a lab.
That's incredible.
But I imagine there are uniquechallenges for PCOS patients
going through IVF.
What did our sources say aboutthat?
Speaker 2 (12:17):
You're right, pcos does present some specific
considerations when it comes toIVF.
Speaker 1 (12:21):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (12:21):
For example, one challenge is that PCOS patients
often have many follicles, thoselittle sacs in the ovaries that
contain the eggs.
Speaker 1 (12:27):
Right, we talked about that as one of the
diagnostic criteria for PCOS.
Speaker 2 (12:31):
Yeah.
Speaker 1 (12:31):
So how does having many follicles make IVF
treatment more complicated?
Speaker 2 (12:36):
Well, while it might seem like having lots of
follicles is a good thing forfertility, it can actually
increase the risk of acomplication called ovarian
hyperstimulation syndrome, orOHSS.
Speaker 1 (12:47):
OHSS, I've never heard of that.
What is that?
Speaker 2 (12:49):
OHSS is a condition that can occur when the ovaries
become overstimulated by thefertility medications used in
IVF.
Essentially, the ovaries becomeswollen and painful, and it can
sometimes lead to more seriouscomplications.
Speaker 1 (13:02):
That sounds pretty serious.
So how do doctors minimize therisk of OHSS for PCOS patients
going through IVF?
Speaker 2 (13:10):
There are a few strategies.
One approach which the doctorin the video highly recommends
is to freeze all embryos forlater transfer.
Speaker 1 (13:18):
Wait.
So instead of transferring theembryos right after
fertilization, they freeze themand transfer them later.
Why is that beneficial for PCOSpatients?
Speaker 2 (13:27):
It's all about giving the ovaries a chance to recover
.
By freezing the embryos, youcan avoid transferring them
during the period when theovaries are still highly
stimulated from the fertilitymedications, thereby reducing
the risk of OHSS.
The embryos can then be thawedand transferred later, when the
ovaries are back to their normalstate.
Speaker 1 (13:45):
So it's kind of like a safety precaution to protect
against that OHSS.
Speaker 2 (13:49):
Exactly.
It's a common practice for PCOSpatients undergoing IVF to
minimize those risks and improvethe chances of a successful
pregnancy.
Speaker 1 (13:58):
Okay, that makes sense.
This is all so insightful, butbefore we go any further down,
you know the IVF path.
I want to take a step back fora second and just talk about
living with PCOS in general.
Beyond fertility, what did oursources have to say about
managing this condition for justoverall health and well-being,
even if someone isn't activelytrying to have children?
Speaker 2 (14:19):
That's a really important point.
The doctor in our sourcematerial emphasized that PCOS
isn't just about fertility.
It's a condition that can have,you know, a ripple effect on
many aspects of health.
Speaker 1 (14:31):
Yeah, yeah.
Speaker 2 (14:32):
Managing PCOS is crucial for overall well-being,
whether or not someone wants toconceive.
Speaker 1 (14:36):
That's a good reminder.
It's not just a like women'sissue, you know, focused only on
reproductive health.
It can impact someone's life ina lot of different ways.
Speaker 2 (14:44):
Absolutely, and a lot of the management strategies
we've already discussed, likelifestyle changes in certain
medications, are beneficial foroverall health, regardless of
fertility goals.
Speaker 1 (14:52):
Right.
Speaker 2 (14:52):
For example, maintaining a healthy weight,
eating a balanced diet andexercising regularly can help
improve insulin sensitivity,reduce the risk of heart disease
and boost mood.
Speaker 1 (15:04):
Yeah.
Speaker 2 (15:04):
Benefits everyone could appreciate.
Speaker 1 (15:06):
Absolutely.
It's about taking a holisticapproach to health, recognizing
that everything's connected.
Speaker 2 (15:12):
Exactly, and this brings us to something really
fascinating that the doctortouched upon in the video which
I think you'll find interesting.
Speaker 1 (15:18):
Oh, I love where this is going.
Okay, what caught yourattention?
Speaker 2 (15:27):
He emphasized this interconnectedness of different
bodily systems.
You know how they influenceeach other.
Remember when we talked aboutthat domino effect of abdominal
obesity leading to insulinresistance and then potentially
PCOS Right, and then potentiallyPCOS Right.
Well, he takes that concept astep further and highlights how
other factors like stress andsleep can also play a role in
this hormonal cascade thatcontributes to PCOS.
Speaker 1 (15:47):
Oh, that's so interesting.
It really underscores theimportance of taking care of our
whole selves not just focusingon one isolated aspect of health
.
Speaker 2 (15:55):
Exactly.
It's like a puzzle where allthe pieces fit together.
Speaker 1 (15:57):
Yeah.
Speaker 2 (15:58):
If one piece is out of place, it can disrupt the
whole picture.
Speaker 1 (16:01):
I love that analogy.
So it sounds like managing PCRSeffectively involves this kind
of multi-pronged approach.
Speaker 2 (16:09):
Right.
Speaker 1 (16:09):
That addresses not only diet and exercise but also,
you know, stress level, sleepquality, potentially other
lifestyle factors that canimpact hormonal balance.
Speaker 2 (16:19):
Precisely, it's about tuning into your body,
listening to its signals andmaking choices that support
overall well-being.
And speaking ofinterconnectedness, there's
another fascinating area ofresearch that's emerging in the
context of PCOS that I think weshould explore.
Speaker 1 (16:33):
Okay, I'm all ears.
Tell me more about thisintriguing new research.
What's the focus?
Speaker 2 (16:38):
It's all about the gut.
Speaker 1 (16:39):
The gut Wait.
What does gut health have to dowith PCOS?
Speaker 2 (16:42):
It might seem surprising, but there's a
growing body of researchexploring this intricate link
between gut health and PCOS.
And what's fascinating is thatthis research is revealing just
how much our gut health canimpact our hormonal balance, our
metabolism.
Speaker 1 (16:58):
Okay, I'm officially intrigued.
Break this down for me, Likewhat's the connection between
the gut and PCOS?
Speaker 2 (17:05):
Well, you see, our gut is home to trillions of
bacteria, collectively known asthe gut microbiome.
Speaker 1 (17:11):
Okay.
Speaker 2 (17:11):
This diverse community of microorganisms
plays a vital role in digestion,immune function and you guessed
it hormone regulation.
Speaker 1 (17:19):
So are you saying that an imbalance in these gut
bacteria could potentially messwith hormones and contribute to
PCOS?
Speaker 2 (17:26):
That's exactly what the research is suggesting.
Some studies have found thatwomen with PCOS tend to have
alterations in their gutmicrobiome compared to women
without the condition.
Speaker 1 (17:36):
So what kind of alterations are we talking about
?
Is it, like you know, badbacteria taking over?
Speaker 2 (17:41):
Not necessarily bad bacteria taking over, but more
like a lack of diversity in thegut microbiome.
Think of it like a garden.
A healthy gut microbiome islike a thriving garden with a
wide variety of plants, eachcontributing its unique benefits
.
But in PCOS, research suggeststhat there's often less
diversity like a garden withonly a few types of plants, that
(18:03):
there's often less diversitylike a garden with only a few
types of plants.
this lack of diversity candisrupt the balance of the gut
ecosystem and impact its abilityto function optimally so less
of variety in the gut garden, soto speak precisely, and this
lack of diversity has beenlinked to inflammation, insulin
resistance, which we know is akey factor in PCOS right, and
even those pesky androgenhormones that are often elevated
(18:25):
in PCOS.
Speaker 1 (18:26):
Wow.
So it's like that domino effectwe talked about earlier, but
this time it's starting in thegut.
What's causing these gutmicrobiome imbalances in the
first place?
Is there a clear culprit?
Speaker 2 (18:35):
That's still an area of active research, but several
factors could be at play.
Diet definitely seems to have amajor influence.
For example, diets high inprocessed foods, sugar and
unhealthy fats have been linkedto gut microbiome disruptions.
Speaker 1 (18:48):
So what we eat can directly impact that balance of
bacteria in our gut, which canthen influence our hormones and
potentially contribute to PCOS.
It's like this whole chainreaction.
Speaker 2 (18:59):
Exactly, and it's not just diet.
Other factors likeenvironmental exposures, certain
medications like antibioticsand even genetics can play a
role in shaping the gutmicrobiome.
It's a complex interplay ofnature and nurture.
Speaker 1 (19:12):
It's fascinating how everything is so interconnected.
So if gut health can influencePCOS, are there things that we
can do to support a healthy gutmicrobiome and potentially
improve PCOS symptoms?
Speaker 2 (19:23):
That's the great news .
There are absolutely things wecan do to nurture our gut
microbiome and promote itsdiversity and balance, and these
strategies can have a positiveripple effect on overall health,
including PCOS.
Speaker 1 (19:35):
Okay, I want to hear these gut-friendly secrets.
What can we do to cultivate ahealthy, gut microbiome?
Speaker 2 (19:40):
Well, diet is a powerful tool.
Focus on eating a variety offiber-rich foods like fruits,
vegetables, legumes and wholegrains.
These foods act as prebiotics,which basically means they
provide nourishment for thebeneficial bacteria in your gut.
Think of prebiotics asfertilizer for your gut garden.
Speaker 1 (19:58):
Okay, so we're feeding those good gut bugs.
What else is on the menu for ahealthy gut?
Speaker 2 (20:03):
They also love fermented foods which are rich
in probiotics.
Probiotics are live beneficialbacteria that can help replenish
and diversify the gutmicrobiome.
Think yogurt with live andactive cultures, Kefir,
sauerkraut, kimchi all thosetangy and delicious fermented
delights.
Speaker 1 (20:20):
Yeah, those are definitely some gut-friendly
recommendations I can get behind, but is food the only way to
influence gut health?
Speaker 2 (20:27):
Not necessarily.
Managing stress can also have apositive impact on your gut
microbiome.
When we're chronically stressed, it can throw our gut bacteria
out of whack.
Stress hormones can disruptthat delicate balance of the gut
ecosystem.
Speaker 1 (20:39):
So finding healthy ways to manage stress, good for
the mind and the gut, double win.
Speaker 2 (20:44):
Exactly yeah.
Techniques like yoga,meditation, deep breathing
exercises, spending time innature anything that helps you
relax and de-stress, can benefityour gut health as well.
Speaker 1 (20:53):
This is all so fascinating.
It really underscores howinterconnected our bodies are.
You know, hormones, gut health,mental well-being it's all
intertwined.
Speaker 2 (21:02):
It truly is a symphony of systems working
together, and when one system isout of tune, it can have ripple
effects throughout the body.
Speaker 1 (21:10):
Speaking of ripple effects, did the doctor in our
source material mention anythingabout how, you know, addressing
gut health might impact PCOSsymptoms?
Like?
Were there any insights intowhether these gut-friendly
strategies could actually make adifference?
Like?
Speaker 2 (21:23):
were there any insights into whether these
gut-friendly strategies couldactually make a difference?
While these specific sourcesdidn't delve into treatment
outcomes or specific studies,emerging research does suggest
that improving gut health mayhelp to manage those PCOS
symptoms.
Speaker 1 (21:33):
So things like reducing inflammation, improving
insulin sensitivity, maybe evenregulating those androgen
hormones all those things wetalked about could potentially
be influenced by nurturing ahealthy gut.
Speaker 2 (21:45):
Exactly.
It's still early days in termsof research, but it's a
promising avenue for exploringnew approaches to PCOS
management.
And the great thing is thatmany of these gut-friendly
strategies, like eating abalanced diet, managing stress,
incorporating fermented foodsalready aligned with, you know,
overall healthy living.
Speaker 1 (22:05):
Yeah, it's exciting to think that something as
simple as taking care of yourgut could have such a profound
impact on your health andpotentially make a difference in
managing PCOS.
It really like empowers you totake control of your own
well-being.
Speaker 2 (22:19):
It does and it speaks to the power of a holistic
approach, you know, addressingthe root cause rather than just
treating symptoms.
Speaker 1 (22:27):
Well said Now, while we've covered a lot of ground
today, from hormone imbalancesto IVF, to this fascinating
world of gut health, I feel likewe've only, just, you know,
scratched the surface of thisreally complex condition.
Speaker 2 (22:38):
You're right, PCOS is a multifaceted condition and
there's always more to learn andexplore.
But I think this deep dive hasprovided a solid foundation for
understanding the basics and hashopefully sparked some
curiosity to delve even deeperinto the world of PCOS.
Speaker 1 (22:53):
Absolutely.
But before we wrap things up,I'm curious are there any other
key takeaways or final thoughtsthat you'd like to leave our
listener with?
Speaker 2 (23:02):
One thing I'd like to emphasize is that PCOS is not a
one-size-fits-all condition.
Right, it's complex andindividual, and the journey to
understanding and managing it isunique for each person.
Embrace that individuality,seek support from health care
providers and other people withPCOS, and remember that
knowledge is your most powerfultool.
Speaker 1 (23:22):
I love that.
It's a reminder that you're notalone in this journey and
there's a whole community ofsupport out there.
Well, folks, we've come to theend of our deep dive into PCOS.
I hope you found thisexploration as insightful and
empowering as I have.
And remember, if you'reconcerned about PCOS or any
other health condition, it'scrucial to seek guidance from
you know a qualified health careprofessional.
(23:43):
They can provide personalizedadvice and support tailored to
your individual needs.
Speaker 2 (23:47):
Couldn't agree more.
Speaker 1 (23:48):
And with that it's time to sign off.
But before we do, any finalparting words.
Speaker 2 (23:53):
Perhaps a reminder to tune into your body, listen to
what it's telling you and don'thesitate to advocate for your
own health and well-being.
Beautifully said, and with thatwe bid you farewell Until next
time.
Happy, deep diving.
Welcome back to our final partof this deep dive into PCOS.
(24:14):
You know we've covered a lot ofground already, like
understanding what PCOS is andexploring the treatment options.
But before we wrap things up, Iwant to go back to that
connection between gut healthand PCOS.
It's, you know, relatively newresearch, but it feels like it
could really change how wemanage PCOS.
Speaker 1 (24:27):
Yeah, it's definitely an area that's getting more
attention and it's excitingbecause it offers a new way to
look at PCOS and hopefullydevelop new strategies to, you
know, help those with it.
Speaker 2 (24:38):
Okay, so can you remind me, like, how is gut
health actually connected toPCOS?
It still seems like asurprising link to me.
It might seem surprising atfirst, but when you think about
it it makes sense.
Our gut is home to trillions ofbacteria, fungi and other
microorganisms, a really diverseecosystem that we call the gut
microbiome, and this microbiomeplays a crucial role in a lot of
(25:00):
aspects of our health.
You know digestion, immunityand we're learning even hormone
regulation.
Speaker 1 (25:06):
So the idea is that an imbalance in this gut
microbiome could throw off ourhormones and contribute to PCOS.
Speaker 2 (25:12):
That's what the research is pointing to.
Now it's still early and weneed more research, but several
studies have found differencesin the gut microbiome of women
with PCOS compared to womenwithout the condition.
Speaker 1 (25:23):
Okay, so what kind of differences are we talking
about?
What's going on in the gut thatcould be linked to PCOS?
Speaker 2 (25:28):
One key difference that researchers have found is a
decrease in the diversity ofbacteria in the gut microbiome
of women with PCOS.
Imagine your gut microbiomelike a rainforest.
You know it's a thrivingecosystem a wide variety of
species.
A healthy gut microbiome hasthis diversity, lots of
different types of bacteria,each one playing a unique role,
(25:50):
all contributing to the balanceof that ecosystem.
Speaker 1 (25:53):
Okay, I like that analogy.
So a healthy gut is like thisdiverse rainforest.
But what about women with PCOS?
What does their rainforest looklike?
Speaker 2 (26:01):
Well, research suggests that the gut microbiome
in women with PCOS has lessdiversity, more like a forest
that's been cleared andreplanted with only a few types
of trees and this lack ofdiversity.
It can have a cascading effect.
It disrupts the balance of thegut ecosystem.
Speaker 1 (26:16):
So it's not just bad bacteria.
It's about the lack of overalldiversity.
Speaker 2 (26:20):
Exactly, and this lack of diversity.
It's been linked to severalhealth issues that we also see
with PCOS, like inflammation,insulin resistance and even
those androgen levels.
Speaker 1 (26:29):
So a less diverse gut microbiome could actually lead
to those hormonal imbalancesthat you know are so
characteristic of PCOS.
It's like all these puzzlepieces are coming together,
right, but what's causing thislack of diversity in the gut
microbiome Like?
Why are women with PCOS seeingthis shift?
Speaker 2 (26:46):
That's a great question and researchers are
trying to figure that out.
There's no one answer, butseveral factors seem to be
involved.
Diet definitely plays a bigrole.
Diets that are high inprocessed foods, sugar and
unhealthy fats.
We know that they impact gutmicrobiome diversity.
Speaker 1 (27:02):
So what we eat can directly change the balance of
bacteria in our gut and that canthen impact our hormones and
potentially lead to PCOS, like achain reaction.
Speaker 2 (27:11):
Exactly, and it's not just diet.
Like a chain reaction.
Exactly, and it's not just diet.
Other things can affect it too,like chronic stress, exposure
to environmental toxins.
Even things like antibioticscan all disrupt the gut
microbiome.
Speaker 1 (27:21):
So interesting how everything's connected.
Our gut health is impacted byso many things in our lives.
But if this less diverse gutmicrobiome is linked to those
PCOS issues, what can we doabout it?
Is there anything we can do toshift the balance and create a?
Speaker 2 (27:39):
healthier gut.
That's the good news.
There's actually a lot we cando to help our gut microbiome,
yeah, and many of thesestrategies are things we've
already talked about.
Speaker 1 (27:45):
Okay, I'm ready.
Give me the gut, friendly tips.
Speaker 2 (27:48):
Okay, so diet is a great starting point.
One of the best things you cando for your gut is to eat a
variety of plant-based foods, sofruits, vegetables, legumes,
whole grains, all of thesefiber-rich foods.
They act as prebiotics.
Speaker 1 (28:02):
Prebiotics.
Those are the fertilizers forour gut garden.
Speaker 2 (28:04):
Exactly Prebiotics.
They feed the beneficialbacteria in our gut and they
help them to flourish.
And the more diverse your diet,the more diverse your gut
microbiome will be.
Speaker 1 (28:13):
So it's like eat the rainbow.
Loading up on all thosecolorful fruits and veggies is a
win-win.
Speaker 2 (28:19):
Yes, absolutely, and in addition to prebiotics
there's also probiotics.
Probiotics are live bacteriathat can help replenish and
diversify the gut microbiome.
Speaker 1 (28:29):
Okay, yeah, Remind me what are good sources of
probiotics.
Speaker 2 (28:32):
Fermented foods are a fantastic source of probiotics.
Things like yogurt with liveand active cultures, kefir,
sauerkraut, kimchi, kombucha allthose delicious tangy treats
are full of beneficial bacteria.
Speaker 1 (28:45):
So having some yogurt at breakfast or adding
fermented foods to our meals canhelp support gut health.
Speaker 2 (28:51):
Exactly, and it's not just what you eat, it's how you
eat.
Taking the time to chew yourfood well, eating in a relaxed
environment, listening to yourbody's hunger cues all of this
can support good digestion and abalanced gut microbiome.
Speaker 1 (29:03):
It's a good reminder to really be mindful, to be
present when we eat, you know,not just rushing through our
meals.
Speaker 2 (29:08):
Right and don't underestimate the power of
stress management.
Chronic stress can really messwith our gut bacteria, so
finding healthy ways to managestress is important.
Speaker 1 (29:18):
So all those things like yoga, meditation, spending
time in nature, anything thathelps you de-stress, that can
also help your gut.
Speaker 2 (29:25):
Exactly Taking care of our mental and emotional
well-being is important for guthealth too, not just what we eat
.
Speaker 1 (29:31):
This is so fascinating.
It really highlights howconnected our bodies are.
It's not just our hormones orgut, it's our mental well-being
too.
It's all related.
Speaker 2 (29:40):
It really is.
Our bodies are complex systemsthat are all linked together.
Speaker 1 (29:43):
Well, this has been such an interesting exploration.
It's amazing to think thattaking care of our gut could
actually help us manage PCOS.
Speaker 2 (29:51):
Right.
Speaker 1 (29:52):
It's really empowering.
Speaker 2 (29:54):
It is.
It highlights the power of aholistic approach to health.
We're not just treatingsymptoms, but trying to get at
the root cause.
Speaker 1 (30:01):
I agree, but it's important to remember that
research on the gut microbiomeand PCOS is still ongoing.
We don't have all the answersyet.
Speaker 2 (30:09):
Absolutely.
We need more research to fullyunderstand this complex
relationship.
Speaker 1 (30:13):
It's so important to stay informed, talk to your
health care provider about anyquestions or concerns you have,
and remember you know what worksfor one person may not work for
another.
It's all about finding what'sright for you.
Well, folks, we've reached theend of our deep dive into PCOS.
I hope you found it insightful,empowering and maybe even a
little bit surprising.
Speaker 2 (30:34):
I think we covered a lot today.
We talked about the hormonesinvolved in PCOS, the criteria
for diagnosis, treatment optionsand the exciting research on
the gut microbiome.
Speaker 1 (30:43):
Yeah, there's always more to learn, and knowledge is
power when it comes to yourhealth, absolutely.
And with that we say goodbye,until next time.
Happy, deep diving.
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