September 24, 2025 • 18 mins
This intriguing book begins with a theoretical exploration of a catastrophic geological event but quickly evolves into a profound reflection on the essence of English identity. As it unfolds, it culminates in a passionate defense of America, offering readers a unique perspective on both nations. (Summary by Judi Mason)
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Chapter six, Part two of the Evacuation of England by L. P. Gratacat.
This Librivots recording is in the public domain. This onest
best side. But there was a worse side. There was
moral depravity. There was ruthless wickedness. There was a set
so smart that they defied decency and rectitude, and traveled
(00:22):
on the currents of their passions to all the maelstroms
of moral rottenness. The King himself had violated the measures
of sobriety and faithfulness. And this imposing and historical structure
must now totter to its fall before the drifting snowflake.
Truly the simple shall confound. The wise Liocraft turned from
(00:46):
his melancholy thoughts to the friendly face of Sir John, who,
catching his eye, resumed his conversation. This map will make
it quite plain that the position of our nation as
a commercial, as a political fabric, as it geographical absurdity,
a necessary paradox. Look, and Sir John pinned down the
map on the table andrew Laycraft down towards its attentive examination.
(01:11):
Here is an ocular demonstration of our false position, a
charted proof that we are in a wrong place. A
spout of possible change that will reverse all previous experiences.
If the right conditions supervene, the change has come, and
Scotland returns to its appointed allegiance. It belongs to the
kings of the ice. See and he leaned over the
(01:34):
map in a kind of ecstasy of despair, speaking rapidly
as his fingers traced the lines he indicated, See, consider
these enormities. Land's End and the silly islands where palms
grow are on the degree of fifty degree north latitude,
which is the same as Notre Dambe in Newfoundland, the
(01:55):
same as Manitoba, the same as the most northern Coruile Islands.
Do you know what the temperature of these places are?
I will tell you. The average winter temperature of northern
Newfoundland is ten degrees, that of Manitoba nine degrees, and
that of the Curile Islands twelve degrees. The average temperature
(02:17):
of Land's End is forty degrees. Well, that may not
strike you as a contrast so sharp as to warrant
my dire prediction. But you must learn to see in
average temperatures much more than is simply indicated in the
mere differences in degrees. Averages are utterly misleading so far
as they mean habitable conditions. A temperature of zero for
(02:39):
six months and a temperature of eighty degrees for the
remaining six months furnishes the harmless average of forty degrees,
but a land suffering from the affliction of a climate
such as that would be useless for the larger purposes
of a civilized community. Averages produce an impression of uniformity,
(03:00):
whereas they conceal the most obstreperous changes, and a small difference,
such as you observe between the temperature of the Scilly
Islands and these inclement and impossible districts of Canada or Comchatka,
means that though all are on the same latitude, they
are as diversely adapted from modern life as the tropics
and the North Pole. Why are the Silly Islands adapted
(03:23):
for tulips and spring peas when Manitoba yet sleeps in snow.
From the point of view of a primary instruction and
temperature hottest at the equator, coldest at the pole, and
grated all the way in between, it is a preposterous caprice.
It is a caprice and a civilization flourishing under the
(03:45):
auspices of a caprice will come to grief. Climate is
a symbol of vagaries, contradictions, and sudden affinities. It is
the atmospheric expression for the feminine and the poetic in men.
As a matter of fact, agencies of interfering land surfaces,
of changing barometric pressure, of ocean tides, of air currents,
(04:07):
of solar radiation combined and too elabyrinth of possibilities to
make places that ought to be hot cold, and vice versa.
But they are evanescent possibilities, and the founders of empires
who rely on them will someday be brought back with stunning,
abject terror, as we now are to the realization of
(04:28):
first principles, that latitudes are invincible barrier to the diffusion
of the race, and that the nations neglecting their plain
meaning court disaster. Well, you know the explanations of all
these whims of nature. The old story the Gulf Stream,
with its millions of units of heat, forced northward by
(04:50):
wind pressure and accelerated eastward by the equatorial velocity. It
starts out with our insular position, bathed in oceanic waters,
holding a immense deposits of the Sun's heat. The open
seas north of us, the great furnace stores of heat
in Africa, like a nearby factory heating our thin coasts.
(05:11):
That is common knowledge. But these accidents of position, these
migratory tides, are holding in check invincible tendencies. Like a
child's push against an evenly balanced boulder, they keep off
the descent of disaster. But like another child's push in
the opposite direction, a sudden alteration of coastlines reduces our
(05:33):
boasted exemption to a shadow. And London, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Glasgow, Paris, Amsterdam, Berlin, Hamburg,
the great cities of the world pay at last the
penalty of an infringement of nature's common law. Heat is
life and cold is death, and no blank optimism may
(05:55):
hope for national achievement in the frosts of winter. Our civilization,
the civilation of northern Europe, has overstepped the limits of
climatic permission. As this globe is made, we are the
victims of a deception. Primary conditions of temperature are returning.
A meteorological hoax is exploded, and fifty degrees north latitude
(06:18):
will mean in Europe what it has always meant elsewhere.
But look at Edinburgh, look at these isothermals on the
map attributing to her the temperature of far southern latitudes
too obvious, an absurdity to last. True enough, yes, but
fugitive an episode only so flat a contradiction of the
(06:42):
economy of this round Earth should never have misled us,
and we have had warnings. Mister c stopped his agitation,
fairly choked him. Layocraft sympathized with the gentleman's distress. His
bitterness of heart had created demental hallucination and unbalanced affectation
(07:03):
of epigram. Liocraft interposed well, Sir John. The Empire of
Great Britain has no reason to regret its existence, even
if it is based on a climatic fallacy. There have
been some things done in it which no change in
temperature will obliterate unless the ice age is returning, and
we all decline into extinction north and south, and the
(07:26):
earth is again without form and void. You speak of caprices,
How can you tell this is not a caprice too,
a monstrous subterfuge of nature to teach us a lesson,
letting us come back again when we are better, when
we can feel and keep grateful to her for letting
us live at all. You err in deduction, Sir John.
(07:49):
A round Earth exposed to the Sun's heat with the
zenith movement from twenty three twenty eight north latitude to
twenty three twenty eight south latitude must exhibit water currents
flowing north and bringing with them equatorial temperatures. Such a
fact is as normal as that the same Earth must
(08:09):
be colder at the poles than at the equator. You
are involved in a esophism because you assume a principle
which is imaginary so far as its invariable truth is concerned.
And what mornings have we ever had? Warnings said Sir John,
after a moment's silence during which he regarded Leoicraft with
(08:30):
a guarded hopefulness. Warnings many, and he took out a
notebook from which he read. The winters of fifteen forty four,
sixteen o eight, seventeen o nine were terrific. The thermometer
at Paris in seventeen o nine sank to nine degrees
below zero fahrenheit. In seventeen eighty eight seventeen eighty nine,
(08:52):
the river Senne froze over in November. Then there was
seventeen ninety four five seventeen ninety eight nine, when the
rivers of Europe were frozen over. In seventeen ninety five,
the Mercury in Paris registered ten degrees below zero, although
at the same time in London the temperature was nearly
seven degrees above zero. And then we have eighteen twelve
(09:16):
thirteen when Napoleon failed, defeated by the cold rather than
the Russians, in eighteen nineteen twenty, in eighteen twenty nine
thirty and eighteen forty forty one, in eighteen fifty three
four eighteen seventy seventy one during the Franco German War,
with the cold greater at the south than in the
(09:38):
north of France, and when this is worth noting the
Gulf Stream was driven backward by a north wind and
banked up as it were at Spain and Portugal. In
all these years there were intensely cold winters, which, if
continued and reinforced by storms and increased by the disappearance
of some of the helpful agencies that now heaps up
(10:00):
our supply of caloric would mean could only mean our extinction.
Now as four degrees of cold, and I quote from Flammarion,
the greatest cold yet experienced. Has been twenty four degrees
below zero in France, five degrees below in England, twelve
below in Belgium and Holland, sixty seven degrees in Denmark,
(10:24):
Sweden and Norway, forty six in Russia, thirty two in Germany,
and ten degrees below in Spain and Portugal. These are
fahrenheit records. These severities tell us our danger. It seems
to me, rejoined laycraft, that they tell us nothing of
the sort. It is a mild madness to misconstrue them
(10:44):
so completely. These extremes of temperatures are far lower than
any we have observed, and yet we have been expelled
from Scotland. It is the snow, these endless heaping torrents
from the skies, that have driven us out, and they
I do believe it will continue, but it has no parallel.
(11:06):
Nothing warned us of this, and as to our climatic safety,
it was as fixed as the change of day to night.
When without warning, without precedent, a bridge of mountains stumbles
into a hole in the sea, another bridge rises as
a dam, and either a current seemed about as likely
as that the moon would fall into the sun. I think,
(11:28):
indeed the advantage of a guest might have lain with
the latter supposition. Well, the snow, you say it will continue,
said sir John, with a sudden reflex action of revolt.
Why will it continue? I estimate the probability for that
in this way, answered Leocraft. The atmospheres a system of balances,
never at rest unless an equilibrium, and never an equilibrium
(11:52):
except at rare intervals, and then in limited and favored spots.
This state of inequilibrium causes constant motion currents, storms, winds,
and precipitation, whether of rain or snow, depending on temperature
and position. Now, the motor power of the movement in
all this atmospheric mass is difference of temperature, the hot
(12:15):
air rising and flowing to the poles and the cold
air of the poles descending and flowing to the equator.
That is the abc of meteorological physics. But the revolution
of the Earth causes the cold polar winds to blow
from the northeast and the warm equatorial winds to blow
from the southwest. That is, with reference to our position
(12:38):
in the northern hemisphere. Now, if we are undergoing a
progressive refrigeration, the contrast in temperatures between our latitude, and
the temperature of the equator increases, and because of that,
the velocity of the wind blowing from the latter increases too,
and the moisture that these winds would have dropped over
the equatorial zones is carried further north, and our annual
(13:01):
precipitation is thereby increased. Our snowfalls become more continuous and thicker.
Think what the removal of the Gulf Stream means. Kroll
has clearly shown that the heat bearing capacity of the
Gulf Stream is enormous. It seems incredible. I recall some
of his statements. He says that the Gulf Stream conveys
(13:22):
as much heat as is received from the sun by
over one million and a half square miles at the equator,
and the amount thus conveyed is equal to all the
heat which falls upon the globe within thirty two miles
on each side of the equator. Further, that the quantity
of heat conveyed by the Gulf Stream in one year
is equal to the heat which falls on an average
(13:45):
on three millions and a half square miles of the
Arctic regions, and that there is actually therefore nearly one
half as much heat transferred from the tropical regions by
the Gulf Stream as is received from the Sun by
the entire Arctic region, the quantity conveyed from the tropics
by the stream to that received from the Sun by
(14:05):
the Arctic regions being nearly as two to five. And
it is this fact of the tremendous drain that the
Gulf Stream makes on the equatorial regions, those immense manufactories
of heat, that its removal, meaning the sudden abstraction of
this heat or much of it, from our latitude, produces
(14:25):
a more forceful interchange in the airs of the north
and the south. It produces winds of a higher velocity,
and because of this, the wind coming to us from
the equator does not so quickly free itself of its
contained moisture. Kroll has shown in his splendid work of
theory and proof that the winds warmed by the Gulf
(14:46):
Stream are the true causes for our unusual and exceptional
heat above corresponding positions on the western side of the
Atlantic basin the Gulf Stream gone, these warming winds will
bring us heat no longer, but they will bring us
moisture and in larger quantities. And then the process of
refrigeration over our chilled coasts will turn that into snow.
(15:09):
The snows will be deeper and they will last longer.
In this way, Kroll, defending himself against the criticism of Findley,
shows that the winds the anti trades blowing from the
south to replace the atmospheric emptiness. I suppose we might
say vacuum left by the descent of the cold winds
(15:29):
from the poles parted with the most of their moisture
in the equatorial belt. Now, by reason of their greater velocity,
they will not do that. They will reach us much
less despoiled of their watery burdens. Our highlands and our
coast position make us natural condensers. Today we have a
(15:51):
rainfall in the year of about thirty inches that may
now be doubled. The southwest winds are our most general winds.
Out of a thousand and as a maximum during the year,
two hundred and twenty five are from the southwest. These
are wet winds, and in the same total there are
one hundred and eleven south winds which also carry moisture,
(16:12):
making a possible percentage of one third of all the
winds that blow over us as rain winds. Or now
by reason of our altered state as snowmakers. But this
relative frequency will now be increased. There will be a
longer continuation of the west winds, because, as I have suggested,
they will be stronger. They are today most intense. In
(16:33):
the winter months. Our south and southwest winds gather moisture
from a wide expanse of sea. The same expanse from
which they formerly gathered heat from the Gulf Stream was
widely disfused over the North Atlantic, both north and south.
For as Coral shows, by reason of a high barometric
pressure somewhere off the west of Madeira and a low
(16:56):
pressure north of Iceland, the tendency of the air south
of the English aisles at that point is to flow north.
But these winds are no longer heat carriers. They bring moisture.
Only they bear to us through the air, the winding
sheets of our burial. The two men looked at each other,
(17:16):
and it was a look of anguish. The sudden, cruel, dreadfulness,
the hideous mutation which might send the English people out
of their land on the strange quest for a new home,
crushed them into an emotional inanation. They did not seem
to exist their lips lost their color, and only the
(17:36):
paralysis of stupor saved them from breaking down into sobs.
It was a few moments later that Leacraft spoke. He asked,
and the people of Glasgow, how did they get away?
Sir John scarcely raised his head, and his words scarcely
formed an articulate whisper. They went by steamers. End of
(18:02):
Chapter six, Part two,
Chapter six, Part two of the Evacuation of England by L. P. Gratacat.
This Librivots recording is in the public domain. This onest
best side. But there was a worse side. There was
moral depravity. There was ruthless wickedness. There was a set
so smart that they defied decency and rectitude, and traveled
(00:22):
on the currents of their passions to all the maelstroms
of moral rottenness. The King himself had violated the measures
of sobriety and faithfulness. And this imposing and historical structure
must now totter to its fall before the drifting snowflake.
Truly the simple shall confound. The wise Liocraft turned from
(00:46):
his melancholy thoughts to the friendly face of Sir John, who,
catching his eye, resumed his conversation. This map will make
it quite plain that the position of our nation as
a commercial, as a political fabric, as it geographical absurdity,
a necessary paradox. Look, and Sir John pinned down the
map on the table andrew Laycraft down towards its attentive examination.
(01:11):
Here is an ocular demonstration of our false position, a
charted proof that we are in a wrong place. A
spout of possible change that will reverse all previous experiences.
If the right conditions supervene, the change has come, and
Scotland returns to its appointed allegiance. It belongs to the
kings of the ice. See and he leaned over the
(01:34):
map in a kind of ecstasy of despair, speaking rapidly
as his fingers traced the lines he indicated, See, consider
these enormities. Land's End and the silly islands where palms
grow are on the degree of fifty degree north latitude,
which is the same as Notre Dambe in Newfoundland, the
(01:55):
same as Manitoba, the same as the most northern Coruile Islands.
Do you know what the temperature of these places are?
I will tell you. The average winter temperature of northern
Newfoundland is ten degrees, that of Manitoba nine degrees, and
that of the Curile Islands twelve degrees. The average temperature
(02:17):
of Land's End is forty degrees. Well, that may not
strike you as a contrast so sharp as to warrant
my dire prediction. But you must learn to see in
average temperatures much more than is simply indicated in the
mere differences in degrees. Averages are utterly misleading so far
as they mean habitable conditions. A temperature of zero for
(02:39):
six months and a temperature of eighty degrees for the
remaining six months furnishes the harmless average of forty degrees,
but a land suffering from the affliction of a climate
such as that would be useless for the larger purposes
of a civilized community. Averages produce an impression of uniformity,
(03:00):
whereas they conceal the most obstreperous changes, and a small difference,
such as you observe between the temperature of the Scilly
Islands and these inclement and impossible districts of Canada or Comchatka,
means that though all are on the same latitude, they
are as diversely adapted from modern life as the tropics
and the North Pole. Why are the Silly Islands adapted
(03:23):
for tulips and spring peas when Manitoba yet sleeps in snow.
From the point of view of a primary instruction and
temperature hottest at the equator, coldest at the pole, and
grated all the way in between, it is a preposterous caprice.
It is a caprice and a civilization flourishing under the
(03:45):
auspices of a caprice will come to grief. Climate is
a symbol of vagaries, contradictions, and sudden affinities. It is
the atmospheric expression for the feminine and the poetic in men.
As a matter of fact, agencies of interfering land surfaces,
of changing barometric pressure, of ocean tides, of air currents,
(04:07):
of solar radiation combined and too elabyrinth of possibilities to
make places that ought to be hot cold, and vice versa.
But they are evanescent possibilities, and the founders of empires
who rely on them will someday be brought back with stunning,
abject terror, as we now are to the realization of
(04:28):
first principles, that latitudes are invincible barrier to the diffusion
of the race, and that the nations neglecting their plain
meaning court disaster. Well, you know the explanations of all
these whims of nature. The old story the Gulf Stream,
with its millions of units of heat, forced northward by
(04:50):
wind pressure and accelerated eastward by the equatorial velocity. It
starts out with our insular position, bathed in oceanic waters,
holding a immense deposits of the Sun's heat. The open
seas north of us, the great furnace stores of heat
in Africa, like a nearby factory heating our thin coasts.
(05:11):
That is common knowledge. But these accidents of position, these
migratory tides, are holding in check invincible tendencies. Like a
child's push against an evenly balanced boulder, they keep off
the descent of disaster. But like another child's push in
the opposite direction, a sudden alteration of coastlines reduces our
(05:33):
boasted exemption to a shadow. And London, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Glasgow, Paris, Amsterdam, Berlin, Hamburg,
the great cities of the world pay at last the
penalty of an infringement of nature's common law. Heat is
life and cold is death, and no blank optimism may
(05:55):
hope for national achievement in the frosts of winter. Our civilization,
the civilation of northern Europe, has overstepped the limits of
climatic permission. As this globe is made, we are the
victims of a deception. Primary conditions of temperature are returning.
A meteorological hoax is exploded, and fifty degrees north latitude
(06:18):
will mean in Europe what it has always meant elsewhere.
But look at Edinburgh, look at these isothermals on the
map attributing to her the temperature of far southern latitudes
too obvious, an absurdity to last. True enough, yes, but
fugitive an episode only so flat a contradiction of the
(06:42):
economy of this round Earth should never have misled us,
and we have had warnings. Mister c stopped his agitation,
fairly choked him. Layocraft sympathized with the gentleman's distress. His
bitterness of heart had created demental hallucination and unbalanced affectation
(07:03):
of epigram. Liocraft interposed well, Sir John. The Empire of
Great Britain has no reason to regret its existence, even
if it is based on a climatic fallacy. There have
been some things done in it which no change in
temperature will obliterate unless the ice age is returning, and
we all decline into extinction north and south, and the
(07:26):
earth is again without form and void. You speak of caprices,
How can you tell this is not a caprice too,
a monstrous subterfuge of nature to teach us a lesson,
letting us come back again when we are better, when
we can feel and keep grateful to her for letting
us live at all. You err in deduction, Sir John.
(07:49):
A round Earth exposed to the Sun's heat with the
zenith movement from twenty three twenty eight north latitude to
twenty three twenty eight south latitude must exhibit water currents
flowing north and bringing with them equatorial temperatures. Such a
fact is as normal as that the same Earth must
(08:09):
be colder at the poles than at the equator. You
are involved in a esophism because you assume a principle
which is imaginary so far as its invariable truth is concerned.
And what mornings have we ever had? Warnings said Sir John,
after a moment's silence during which he regarded Leoicraft with
(08:30):
a guarded hopefulness. Warnings many, and he took out a
notebook from which he read. The winters of fifteen forty four,
sixteen o eight, seventeen o nine were terrific. The thermometer
at Paris in seventeen o nine sank to nine degrees
below zero fahrenheit. In seventeen eighty eight seventeen eighty nine,
(08:52):
the river Senne froze over in November. Then there was
seventeen ninety four five seventeen ninety eight nine, when the
rivers of Europe were frozen over. In seventeen ninety five,
the Mercury in Paris registered ten degrees below zero, although
at the same time in London the temperature was nearly
seven degrees above zero. And then we have eighteen twelve
(09:16):
thirteen when Napoleon failed, defeated by the cold rather than
the Russians, in eighteen nineteen twenty, in eighteen twenty nine
thirty and eighteen forty forty one, in eighteen fifty three
four eighteen seventy seventy one during the Franco German War,
with the cold greater at the south than in the
(09:38):
north of France, and when this is worth noting the
Gulf Stream was driven backward by a north wind and
banked up as it were at Spain and Portugal. In
all these years there were intensely cold winters, which, if
continued and reinforced by storms and increased by the disappearance
of some of the helpful agencies that now heaps up
(10:00):
our supply of caloric would mean could only mean our extinction.
Now as four degrees of cold, and I quote from Flammarion,
the greatest cold yet experienced. Has been twenty four degrees
below zero in France, five degrees below in England, twelve
below in Belgium and Holland, sixty seven degrees in Denmark,
(10:24):
Sweden and Norway, forty six in Russia, thirty two in Germany,
and ten degrees below in Spain and Portugal. These are
fahrenheit records. These severities tell us our danger. It seems
to me, rejoined laycraft, that they tell us nothing of
the sort. It is a mild madness to misconstrue them
(10:44):
so completely. These extremes of temperatures are far lower than
any we have observed, and yet we have been expelled
from Scotland. It is the snow, these endless heaping torrents
from the skies, that have driven us out, and they
I do believe it will continue, but it has no parallel.
(11:06):
Nothing warned us of this, and as to our climatic safety,
it was as fixed as the change of day to night.
When without warning, without precedent, a bridge of mountains stumbles
into a hole in the sea, another bridge rises as
a dam, and either a current seemed about as likely
as that the moon would fall into the sun. I think,
(11:28):
indeed the advantage of a guest might have lain with
the latter supposition. Well, the snow, you say it will continue,
said sir John, with a sudden reflex action of revolt.
Why will it continue? I estimate the probability for that
in this way, answered Leocraft. The atmospheres a system of balances,
never at rest unless an equilibrium, and never an equilibrium
(11:52):
except at rare intervals, and then in limited and favored spots.
This state of inequilibrium causes constant motion currents, storms, winds,
and precipitation, whether of rain or snow, depending on temperature
and position. Now, the motor power of the movement in
all this atmospheric mass is difference of temperature, the hot
(12:15):
air rising and flowing to the poles and the cold
air of the poles descending and flowing to the equator.
That is the abc of meteorological physics. But the revolution
of the Earth causes the cold polar winds to blow
from the northeast and the warm equatorial winds to blow
from the southwest. That is, with reference to our position
(12:38):
in the northern hemisphere. Now, if we are undergoing a
progressive refrigeration, the contrast in temperatures between our latitude, and
the temperature of the equator increases, and because of that,
the velocity of the wind blowing from the latter increases too,
and the moisture that these winds would have dropped over
the equatorial zones is carried further north, and our annual
(13:01):
precipitation is thereby increased. Our snowfalls become more continuous and thicker.
Think what the removal of the Gulf Stream means. Kroll
has clearly shown that the heat bearing capacity of the
Gulf Stream is enormous. It seems incredible. I recall some
of his statements. He says that the Gulf Stream conveys
(13:22):
as much heat as is received from the sun by
over one million and a half square miles at the equator,
and the amount thus conveyed is equal to all the
heat which falls upon the globe within thirty two miles
on each side of the equator. Further, that the quantity
of heat conveyed by the Gulf Stream in one year
is equal to the heat which falls on an average
(13:45):
on three millions and a half square miles of the
Arctic regions, and that there is actually therefore nearly one
half as much heat transferred from the tropical regions by
the Gulf Stream as is received from the Sun by
the entire Arctic region, the quantity conveyed from the tropics
by the stream to that received from the Sun by
(14:05):
the Arctic regions being nearly as two to five. And
it is this fact of the tremendous drain that the
Gulf Stream makes on the equatorial regions, those immense manufactories
of heat, that its removal, meaning the sudden abstraction of
this heat or much of it, from our latitude, produces
(14:25):
a more forceful interchange in the airs of the north
and the south. It produces winds of a higher velocity,
and because of this, the wind coming to us from
the equator does not so quickly free itself of its
contained moisture. Kroll has shown in his splendid work of
theory and proof that the winds warmed by the Gulf
(14:46):
Stream are the true causes for our unusual and exceptional
heat above corresponding positions on the western side of the
Atlantic basin the Gulf Stream gone, these warming winds will
bring us heat no longer, but they will bring us
moisture and in larger quantities. And then the process of
refrigeration over our chilled coasts will turn that into snow.
(15:09):
The snows will be deeper and they will last longer.
In this way, Kroll, defending himself against the criticism of Findley,
shows that the winds the anti trades blowing from the
south to replace the atmospheric emptiness. I suppose we might
say vacuum left by the descent of the cold winds
(15:29):
from the poles parted with the most of their moisture
in the equatorial belt. Now, by reason of their greater velocity,
they will not do that. They will reach us much
less despoiled of their watery burdens. Our highlands and our
coast position make us natural condensers. Today we have a
(15:51):
rainfall in the year of about thirty inches that may
now be doubled. The southwest winds are our most general winds.
Out of a thousand and as a maximum during the year,
two hundred and twenty five are from the southwest. These
are wet winds, and in the same total there are
one hundred and eleven south winds which also carry moisture,
(16:12):
making a possible percentage of one third of all the
winds that blow over us as rain winds. Or now
by reason of our altered state as snowmakers. But this
relative frequency will now be increased. There will be a
longer continuation of the west winds, because, as I have suggested,
they will be stronger. They are today most intense. In
(16:33):
the winter months. Our south and southwest winds gather moisture
from a wide expanse of sea. The same expanse from
which they formerly gathered heat from the Gulf Stream was
widely disfused over the North Atlantic, both north and south.
For as Coral shows, by reason of a high barometric
pressure somewhere off the west of Madeira and a low
(16:56):
pressure north of Iceland, the tendency of the air south
of the English aisles at that point is to flow north.
But these winds are no longer heat carriers. They bring moisture.
Only they bear to us through the air, the winding
sheets of our burial. The two men looked at each other,
(17:16):
and it was a look of anguish. The sudden, cruel, dreadfulness,
the hideous mutation which might send the English people out
of their land on the strange quest for a new home,
crushed them into an emotional inanation. They did not seem
to exist their lips lost their color, and only the
(17:36):
paralysis of stupor saved them from breaking down into sobs.
It was a few moments later that Leacraft spoke. He asked,
and the people of Glasgow, how did they get away?
Sir John scarcely raised his head, and his words scarcely
formed an articulate whisper. They went by steamers. End of
(18:02):
Chapter six, Part two,
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