September 3, 2025 • 54 mins
This investigation delves into the complex and often overlooked issues surrounding prostitution. While many individuals instinctively seek the causes behind societal vices, a significant portion of the intelligent population in New York has suffered the consequences of this persistent issue without exploring its root causes. Each year, countless lives are impacted, as broken health and tarnished reputations emerge from this vice. Is it too late to awaken your curiosity and compassion for this critical matter? We argue that it is high time to conduct an inquiry that addresses these pressing concerns‚one that is essential for public safety, personal well-being, and the greater good.
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Section fifty eight of the History of Prostitution. This is
a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
Recording by K Hand The History of Prostitution by William Sanger,
Section fifty eight, Chapter thirty six, New York Extent, Effects
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and Cost of Prostitution, Part four. Allusions have already been
made to many exaggerated opinions as to the extent of
prostitution in New York City, and it may well be
to notice in this place some passages in a work
entitled an Inquiry into the Extent, Causes and Consequences of
Prostitution in Edinburgh by William Tate, Surgeon, second edition, eighteen
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forty two. The author starts with the impression that the
capital of Scotland is the most moral city on the
face of the earth, and after fixing the number of
public prostitutes in Edinburgh at eight hundred, or one to
every eighty of the adult male population, and remarks in
London there is one for every sixty, and in Paris
one for every fifteen. Edinburgh is thus about twenty five
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percent better than London, while the latter is about seventy
percent better than Paris, happy Edinburgh. And what is to
be said of the chief city of the United States
of America. Of the independent, liberal, religious, and enlightened inhabitants
of New York, it will scarcely be credited that that
city furnishes a prostitute for every six or seven of
its adult male population. Alas for the religion and morality
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of the country that affords such a demonstration of its depravity,
it was not surpassed even by the metropolis of France
during the heat and fervor of the Revolution, when libertinism
reigned triumphant, and the laws of God and man were alike.
Set at Defiance, page six, this picture is anything but
flattering to our national pride, but it loses very much
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of its effect because it is contrary to the truth.
It will, however, satisfy our readers that mister Tate was misinformed,
and they may feel a slight gratific in the conclusion
that his pathetic lament for the religion and morality of
their country was unnecessary. On page eight of the same work,
we find, after stating that there were upward of ten
thousand abandoned women in the city of New York. The
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reverend mister mc dowell, chaplain to the New York Magdalen Asylum,
goes on to say, besides these, we have the clearest
evidence that there are hundreds of private harlots and kept mistresses,
many of whom keep up a show of industry as domestics, seamstresses, nurses,
et cetera, in the most respectable families, and throng the
houses of vassignation every night. Although we have no means
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of ascertaining the number of these, yet enough has been
learned from the facts already developed to convince us that
the aggregate is alarmingly great, perhaps a little behind the
proportion of the city of London, whose police report asserts,
on the authority of accurate researches, that the number of
private prostitutes in that city is fully equal to the
number of public harlots. In this passage, mister Tate shifts
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the responsibility of his figures to the shoulders of the
reverend mister McDowell, who is represented as declaring the number
of public prostitutes in New York sixteen years ago to
be ten thousand, and assuming the private prostitutes to amount
to the same number, making an aggregate nearly three times
as large as an actual and searching inquiry has found
at the present time. During the last sixteen years, vice
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has not decreased in New York, but has steadily increased.
And yet the most diligent search can discover in eighteen
fifty eight only seven thousand, eight hundred sixty public and
private prostitutes, instead of the twenty thousand mentioned in the
publication under notice. We imagine it to be an imperative
duty to be tolerably well acquainted with a social evil
before attempting to write upon it. And although mister Tate's
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book cannot, by any possibility injure our city on account
of the palpable misrepresentations it contains, we allude to it
now to show the opinion entertained of New York and
its vices on the other side of the Atlantic, where
an apology necessary for the preset work such statements as
these would be amply sufficient. Mister Tate loses no opportunity
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to hurl a sly dart at New York US. On
page thirty eight, after quoting the words of the Reverend,
mister MacDowell as to the character of an abandoned woman
in New York He, mister Tate continues, he says nothing
of the state of religious feeling among the prostitutes there,
And if we are to regard his statement of the
number of prostitutes as strictly correct, it may very well
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be questioned whether any considerable number of the inhabitants of
that city are under the influence of sincere religious feeling.
Some of our New York City readers may probably recollect
that the publication of mister McDowell's inquiry produced very considerable
excitement here at the time, and opinions were freely expressed
that he was either very ignorant on the matters of
the nature or intentionally colored as statements, and was, in
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either case entirely unfitted for the task he had assumed.
Mister Tate assumes the population of Edinburgh at about two
hundred thousand, the number of public prostitutes at eight hundred,
and of private prostitutes at nearly twelve hundred, or a
total of two thousand abandoned women. This gives one prostitute
to every thirty two adult males. If we adopt his
system of calculation, or one prostitute to every twenty five
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adult males. If we adopt the system of calculation which
has been applied to the United States in the present
work from its own figures, then it can be seen
that although New York City is so awfully irreligious, it
has less prostitution than pious Edinburgh. Again, on page one
eighty nine, while speaking of the demoralizing effects of theatrical representations,
mister Tate says, in the report of the House of
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Refuge in New York, it is stated that one hundred
and fifty boys and girls out of six hundred and
ninety are guilty of theft and impurity to get a
seat in the theater. He does not mark this as
a quotation, nor does he state the report from which
it was extracted. As he has printed it, it must
be supposed correct, although we must confess we cannot see
very clearly what connection exists between the New York House
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of Refuge and prostitution, considering the ages of children generally
admitted to that institution, and while we have very little
doubt that many of the inmates thereof have committed theft,
for the reason he assigns, we are rather dubious as
to the acts of impurity alluded to, except in very
few exceptional cases. Farther on page one ninety four, mister
Tate quotes the address of Reverend mister mc dowell on
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prostitution in America as follows. At the very hour in
the morning, afternoon, and evening of every Lord's Day, when
the people of God assemble for religious worship, then in
a special manner do the children of the wicked one
meet in troops at Harlot houses on the Sabbath days.
The rooms are so filled with visitors that there is
no place for them to sit down, and on that
account many are refused admission at the doors. These palpable
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exaggerations require no contradiction. They show, however, the extremes of
misrepresentation to which an enthusiastic and incompetent writer may be
led inclined to exaggeration, as mister Tate has been proved
to be. He yet protests in page two fifty one
against some opinions upon infanticide by prostitutes in New York,
advised by his informant, the Reverend mister McDowell, and quotes
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the opinion of parent Duchalette to prove that mothers are
generally fond of their children. This fact warrants the conclusion
that his other opinions upon social morals in New York
are entirely derived from mister Medell, who is shown to
be anything but a credible witness. His reliance upon such
a source is much to be regretted as materially impairing
the value and truthfulness of his otherwise interesting and useful volume.
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The following extracts from the Compendium of the seventh Census
of the United States eighteen fifty will be interesting from
their relation to various points which have been discussed in
the progress of this work. They have all a more
or less direct bearing upon the subject of prostitution, and
the condensation of them here will give readers an opportunity
of verifying many of the previous remarks. The estimated population
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of the Union at the present time eighteen fifty eight
has been already given as twenty nine million, two hundred
forty two thousand, one hundred thirty nine persons, including slaves.
The proportion of females to males at each census from
seventeen ninety to eighteen fifty is stated as follows. Seventeen
ninety one hundred males to ninety six point four females,
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eighteen hundred one hundred males to ninety five point three females,
eighteen ten one hundred males to ninety six point two females,
eighteen twenty one hundred males to ninety six point eight females,
eighteen thirty one hundred males to ninety six point four females,
eighteen forty one hundred males to ninety five point six females,
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eighteen fifty one hundred males to ninety five females. This
relates only to the free population. In enumerting slaves, no
distinction of sex was made earlier than the year eighteen twenty.
The ratio of male and female slaves since that date
is as follows. Eighteen twenty one hundred males to ninety
five point one nine females, eighteen thirty one hundred miles
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to ninety eight point three six females, eighteen forty one
hundred males to ninety nine point five five females, eighteen
fifty one hundred males to ninety nine point nine five females.
From these tables, it appears that the males in the
free population and the females in the slave population have
been steadily increasing, but with no determined ratio of progression.
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Taking the total free and slave population since the census
of eighteen twenty, the excess of males is stated thus
eighteen twenty four million, eight hundred ninety eight thousand, one
hundred twenty seven males, four million, seven hundred forty thousand
four females. Excess of males one hundred fifty eight thousand,
one hundred twenty three, eighteen thirty six million, five hundred
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twenty nine thousand, six hundred ninety six males, six million,
three hundred thirty six thousand, three hundred twenty four females.
Excess of males of one hundred ninety three thousand, three
hundred seventy two eighteen forty eight million, six hundred eighty
eight thousand, five hundred thirty two males, eight million, three
hundred eighty thousand, nine hundred twenty one females. Excess of
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male three hundred seven thousand, six hundred eleven eighteen fifty
eleven million, eight hundred thirty seven thousand, six hundred sixty
one males eleven million, three hundred fifty four thousand, two
hundred fifteen females excess of males hundred eighty three thousand,
four hundred forty six. It will be seen from this
that in eighteen fifty the males were in excess at
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the rate of two point zero eight per cent, and
by applying the same rule to the population of eighteen
fifty eight, a fair estimate of the relative number of
each sex at the present time may be made as follows.
Males eighteen fifty eight fourteen million, nine hundred twenty five thousand,
one hundred eighty eight, females fourteen million, three hundred sixteen thousand,
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nine hundred fifty one, excess of males six hundred eight thousand,
two hundred thirty seven. Total estimated population twenty nine million,
two hundred forty two thousand, one hundred thirty nine. In
the several geographical divisions of the Union, the proportion of
white males to white females is thus shown New England, States, Maine,
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New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut one hundred
point eight seven females to one hundred males. States New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and District of Columbia ninety
seven point seven zero females to one hundred males. Southern
States Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida ninety
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eight point five four females to one hundred males. Southwestern
States Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee ninety one
point sixty six females to one hundred males. Northwestern States Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin,
and Iowa ninety two point one one females to one
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hundred males. California and Territories thirty six point seven three
females to one hundred males. Two facts are developed in
this statement. In the New England States, females are in
excess of males. From this district comes the majority of
all the native born prostitutes who find their home in
New York City. In the northwestern states to which it
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has been proposed to remove some of the surplus female
labour of New York, the males are in excess, and
any women sent there with aid in restoring the equilibrium
of the sexes. The following table gives the relative percentage
of each sex at different ages, and also the number
of females to each one hundred males ages under five years.
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Percentage of males fourteen point six eight percentage of females
fourteen point nine five females to each one hundred males
ninety six point seven six from five years to ten years.
Percentage of males thirteen point six nine, percentage of females
thirteen point nine eight females to each one hundred males
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ninety seven point zero three from ten years to fifteen years.
Percentage of males twelve point two three percentage of females
twelve point three five females to one hundred males ninety
six from fifteen years to twenty years. Percentage of males
ten point three nine percentage of females a eleven point
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four two females to each one hundred males one hundred
four point four six from twenty years to thirty years.
Percentage of males eighteen point sixty four percentage of females
eighteen point four six females to each one hundred males
ninety four point eight from thirty years to forty years
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percentage of males twelve point eight five percentage of females
eleven point eight four females to each one hundred males
eighty seven point five five from forty years to fifty years.
Percentage of males eight point three eight percentage of females
seven point eight six females to each one hundred males
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eighty nine point zero nine from fifty years to sixty years.
Percentage of males four point nine seven percentage of females
four point eight three females to each one hundred males
ninety two point one five from sixty years to seventy years.
Percentage of males two point six four percentage of females
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two point sixty nine females to each one hundred males
ninety six point eight eight from seventy years to eighty years.
Percentage of males one point one one percentage of females
one point one eight females to each one hundred males
one hundred one point zero one from eighty years to
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ninety years. Percentage of males point three one percentage of
females point three six females to each one hundred males
one hundred ten point one one. From ninety years to
one hundred years, percentage of males point zero four percentage
of females point zero five females to each one hundred
males one hundred twenty three point one six. From one
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hundred years upwards, percentage of males point zero four, percentage
of females point zero five females to each one hundred
males one hundred twenty point four five ages unknown percentage
of males point zero seven, percentage of females point zero
three females to each one hundred males forty four point
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zero nine total percentage of males one hundred total percentage
of females one hundred total females to each one hundred
males ninety five. Experience has proved that the age at
which female virtue is exposed to the most temptation, or
at least the age which the greater part of the
prostitutes in New York have embraced to the wretched calling,
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is from fifteen to twenty years, and the table shows
that at those periods females are in excess over males
nearly four and one half percent. Is it to be
supposed that the numerical predominance is the cause of the temptations,
or may it not rather be concluded that both are
coexistent and equally contribute to the sad result, or even
would not temptation be more aggravated because concentrated if at
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that critical period of life, males and females were in
equal numbers. The following table gives a relative aid of
the whole population without distinction of sex, but compares the white,
free colored, and slave classes under five years of age.
Percentage of white population fourteen point eight one, percentage of
free colored population fourteen percentage of slave population sixteen point
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eight seven from five years to ten years, percentage of
white population thirteen point eight three, percentage of free colored
population thirteen point eight six, percentage of slave population fourteen
point nine five. From ten years to fifteen years, percentage
of white population twelve point two eight, percentage of free
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colored population twelve point zero four, percentage of slave population
thirteen point six one from fifteen years to twenty years,
percentage of white population ten point eight nine, percentage of
free colored population ten point zero eight, percentage of slave
population eleven point one five from twenty to thirty years,
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percentage of white population eighteen point five five, percentage of
free colored population seventeen point eight five, percentage of slave
population seventeen point eight six from thirty years to forty years,
percentage of white population twelve point three six, percentage of
free colored population twelve point seven to one, percentage of
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slave population eleven point zero four from forty years to
fifty years, percentage of white population eight point one three,
percentage of free colored population eight point seven three, percentage
of slave population six point eight six from fifty years
to sixty years, percentage of white population four point nine zero,
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percentage of free colored population five point six zero, percentage
of slave population three point nine six from six sixty
years and upward. Percentage of white population four point two zero,
percentage of free colored population five point five six, percentage
of slave population three point six eight age unknown percentage
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of white population point zero five, percentage of free colored
population point zero seven, percentage of slave population point zero two.
Total percentage of white population one hundred, total percentage of
free colored population one hundred, total percentage of slave population
one hundred berths. The ratio of berths is in the
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United States one berth to every thirty six persons or
two point seventy five percent. Great Britain one berth to
every thirty one person or three point two two percent,
France one berth to every thirty five persons or two
point eight six percent, Russia one berth to every thirty
six persons or two point seventy five percent, Prussia and
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Austria one berth to every twenty six persons or three
point eight seven percent. Education. The importance of education and
its influence upon the social problem of prostitution is a
sufficient apology for the following extracts. In addition to what
has been said already on the subject. There are in
the United States two hundred thirty nine colleges with an
annual income of one million, nine hundred sixty four thousand,
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four hundred twenty eight dollars eighty thousand, nine hundred seventy eight,
public schools with an annual income of nine million, five
hundred twenty nine thousand, five hundred forty two dollars six thousand,
eighty five academics, and private schools with an annual income
of four million, six hundred forty four thousand, two hundred
fourteen dollars, totaling eighty seven thousand three hundred two educational institutions,
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which cost sixteen million, one hundred thirty eight thousand, one
hundred eighty four dollars. These institutions are attended by three million,
six hundred forty four thousand, nine hundred twenty eight scholars.
There are in the United States eight hundred fifty eight
eight thousand, three hundred six natives, one hundred ninety five thousand,
one hundred fourteen foreigners, for a total of one million,
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fifty three thousand, four hundred twenty persons above twenty years
of age who cannot read or write. This number is
subdivided thus White three hundred eighty nine thousand, six hundred
sixty four males, five hundred seventy three thousand, two hundred
thirty four females total white, nine hundred sixty two thousand,
eight hundred ninety four free colored, forty thousand, seven hundred
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twenty two males, forty nine thousand, eight hundred females total
free colored, ninety thousand, five hundred twenty two total males,
four hundred thirty thousand, three hundred eighty six total females
six hundred twenty three thousand, thirty four total combine one million,
fifty three thousand, four hundred twenty. This shows a remarkable
preponderance of uneducated women. The percentage of children attending school
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in the United States calculated on all between the ages
of five and fifteen years, is natives eighty point eight
one percent, foreigners fifty one point six seven three percent,
a proof of the fact intimated already that foreign parents
do not endeavor to avail themselves of the facilities provided
for the education of their children. The illiterate of the
population are thus minutely analyzed. White illiterate to total white
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four point nine two percent, free colored illiterate to total
free colored twenty point eight three percent Native white and
free colored illiterate to total native white and free colored
four point eight five percent, Foreign white and free colored
illiterate to total foreign white and free colored eight point
two four percent native illiterate white and free colored to
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total of both Native over twenty years of age ten
point three five percent foreign illiterate white and free colored
to total of both foreign over twenty years of age
fourteen point four eight percent foreign illiterate over twenty years
of age one hundred ninety five point one one four
percent foreign illiterate to total foreign over twenty years of age,
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supposing the illiterate to be all white fourteen point five
one percent. Following the geographical sections, we obtain the following results.
New England States percentage of pupils to the white population
twenty five point nine zero, percentage of pupils to the
white and free colored population twenty five point seven to one,
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percentage of illiterate to white population one point eight eight.
Middle States percentage of pupils to the white population seventy
one point seventy nine, percentage of pupils to the white
and free colored population twenty one point zero two percentage
of illiterate to white population three point one six. Southern
States percentage of pupils to the white population fourteen point
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five two, percentage of pupils to the white and free
colored population thirteen point nine two, percentage of illiterate to
white population nine point two two. Southwestern States percentage of
pupils to the white population sixteen point three two. Percentage
of pupils to the white and free colored population is
sixteen point one zero percentage of illiterate to white population
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eight point four five. Northwestern States percentage of pupils to
the white population twenty one point seven two. Percentage of
pupils to the white and free colored population twenty one
point five one. Percentage of illiterate to white population five
point zero three. New England States percentage of illiterate to
natives point two six. Percentage of illiterate to natives over
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twenty years of age point four two. Percentage of illiterate
to foreigners fourteen point sixty three. Percentage of illiterate to
foreigners over twenty years of age twenty four point three nine.
Percentage of illiterate to free colored eight point four five.
Middle States percentage of illiterate to ten natives one point
eight four percentage of illiterate to natives over twenty years
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of age three point zero zero. Percentage of illiterate to
foreigners nine point five five. Percentage of illiterate to foreigners
over twenty years of age fifteen point nine two. Percentage
of illiterate to free colored twenty two point four two.
Southern States percentage of illiterate to natives nine point three zero.
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Percentage of illiterate to natives over twenty years of age
twenty point three zero. Percentage of illiterate to foreigners five
point two eight percentage of illiterate to foreigners over twenty
years of age eight point eight zero percentage of illiterate
to free colored twenty one point two zero. Southwestern States
percentage of illiterate to natives eight point four one. Percentage
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of illiterate to natives over twenty years of age sixteen
point sixty three percentage of illiterate to foreigners nine point
one two. Percentage of illiterate to foreigners over twenty years
of age fifteen point two zero percentage of illiterate to
free colored eighteen point five four. Northwestern States percentage of
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illiterate to natives four point ninety seven percentage of illiterate
to natives over twenty years of age nine point nine two.
Percentage of illiterate to foreigners four point sixty three. Percentage
of illiterate to foreigners over twenty years of age seven
point seven two percentage of illiterate to free colored twenty
one point four four. California and Territories percentage of illiterate
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to natives seventeen point five zero. Percentage of illiterate to
natives over twenty years of age twenty one point sixty
three percentage of illiterate to foreigners fourteen point one three,
percentage of alliterate to foreigners over twenty years of age
twenty three point five one percentage of illiterate to free
colored twelve point four seven occupations. In the tables of occupations,
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the only class noticed is the white and free colored
male population over fifteen years of age. No returns of
female employment being given as interesting to the general reader,
although not in immediate connection with the subject. The following
is given. Occupations commerce, trade, manufactures, mechanic arts, and mining
ratio percent to the total employed twenty nine point seven two,
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Agriculture forty four point sixty nine, Labor not agricultural eighteen
point five zero, Army point one zero, Sea and river
navigation two point one seven, Law, medicine and divinity one
point seven six. Other pursuits requiring education one point seven eight,
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Government civil service point four six, domestic service point four one,
other occupations point four one, for a total of one
hundred percent. A similar, but more elaborate statement of occupations
of the people of Great Britain was published in the
British Census for eighteen forty one, and is reprinted by
Professor Bow in his compendium Occupations, Commerce, trade and manufactures
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percentage to total mails twenty six point two four percentage
to total females seven point one two percentage to total
population sixteen point five two. Agriculture percentage to total males
fifteen point three three percentage to total females point eight
four percentage to total population seven point nine six. Labor
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not agricultural percentage to total males six point ninety nine
percentage to total females one point two one percentage to
total population four point zero five. Army percentage to total
males one point four two percentage to total females, zero
percentage to total population point seven zero. Navy and merchant seamen, boatmen,
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et cetera percentage to total males two point three five
percentage to total females, zero percentage to total population one
point one seven. Clerical, legal and medical professions percentage to
total males point sixty six percentage to total five females
point zero two percentage to total population point three four.
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Other pursuits requiring education percentage to total males one point
one seven percentage to total females point three six percentage
to total population point seven six. Government and municipal civil
service percentage to total males point four three percentage to
total females point zero two percentage to total population point
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two two. Domestic servants percentage to total males two point
seven eight percentage to total females nine point four eight
percentage to total population six point one eight. Persons of
independent means percentage to total males one point four seven
percentage to total females three point eight eight percentage to
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total population two point sixty nine. Pensioners, paupers, lunatics and
prisoners percentage to total males one point one one, percentage
to total females one point zero one percentage to total
population one point zero six. Unoccupied including women and children
percentage to total males forty point zero five percentage to
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total females seventy six point zero six percentage to total
population fifty eight point three five percentage total to males
one hundred percentage total to females one hundred percentage to
total population one hundred. Wages. In introducing this subject, Professor
de Beae remarks, the money price of wages, unless the
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price of other articles be known, gives but an unsatisfactory
idea of the condition of the labouring classes at different
periods and in different countries. In the following tables of
the rates of renuneration in eighteen fifty, this difficulty will
scarcely exist so far as New York is concerned. At least,
the large number of domestic servants who have been added
to our population since that year precludes the possibility of
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any considerable advance in the rate of wages. And as
every reader has an idea of what a woman's necessary
expenses must be, each will be enabled to decide for
himself whether the compensation is sufficient or whether society the
large would not be benefited were some of the surplus
domestic servants removed to other localities, and thus by increasing
the demand augment the wages. The following was the average
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weekly wages with board of a domestic servant in the
year eighteen fifty. State Alabama wages one dollar forty one cents,
Arkansas one dollar sixty seven cents, California thirteen dollars, Columbia
District of one dollar thirty one cents, Connecticut one dollar
thirty six cents, Delaware eighty four cents, Florida one dollar
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eighty three cents, Georgia one dollar fifty two cents. Illinois
one dollar fourteen cents, Indiana ninety cents, Iowa one dollar
seven cents, Kentucky one dollar nine cents, Louisiana two dollars
fifty seven cents, Maine one dollar nine cents, Maryland eighty
nine cents, Massachusett It's one dollar forty eight cents, Michigan
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one dollar ten cents, Mississippi one dollar fifty two cents,
Missouri one dollar seventeen cents, New Hampshire one dollar twenty
seven cents, New Jersey ninety seven cents, New York one
dollar five cents, North Carolina eighty seven cents, Ohio ninety
six cents, Pennsylvania eighty cents, Rhode Island one dollar forty
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two cents, South Carolina one dollar forty two cents, Tennessee
one dollar, Texas two dollars, Vermont one dollar nineteen cents,
Virginia ninety six cents, Wisconsin one dollar twenty seven cents,
Territories Minnesota two dollars twenty five cents, New Mexico seventy
eight cents, Oregon ten dollars, Utah one dollar forty six cents.
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The following is a table of the monthly wages and
factories in the different states. It is, of course, exclusive
of board and lodging. Looking at the amount received by
fee female operatives, will anyone feel surprised that they should
abandon the insistent and poorly paid employment wages per month
without board. Alabama cotton males eleven dollars seventy one cents,
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females seven dollars ninety eight cents. Wool zero dollars for
males and females. Pig iron males seventeen dollars sixty cents,
females zero dollars, iron castings males thirty dollars five cents,
females zero, wrought iron males fifteen dollars twenty nine cents,
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females zero, fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Arkansas
cotton males fourteen dollars sixty one cents, females five dollars
eighty eight cents. Wool zero dollars for males and females,
pig iron zero dollars for males and females, iron castings
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zero dollars for males and females. Wrought iron zero dollars
for males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
California Cotton zero dollars for males and females, wool zero
dollars for males and females, pig iron zero dollars for
males and females, iron castings males twenty three dollars, thirty
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three cents, females zero dollars. Wrought iron zero dollars for
males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
District of Columbia Cotton males fourteen dollars two cents, females
eight dollars. Wool males thirty dollars, females zero dollars, pig
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iron zero dollars for males and females, iron castings males
twenty seven dollars, five cents, females zero dollars, wrought iron
zero dollars for males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for
males and females. Connecticut Cotton males nineteen dollars, eight cents,
(34:06):
females eleven dollars eighty cents. Wool males twenty four dollars
twelve cents, females twelve dollars eighty six cents. Pig iron
males twenty six dollars eighty cents, females zero dollars. Iron
castings males twenty seven dollars two cents females eight dollars.
(34:27):
Wrought iron males thirty one dollars fifty nine cents females
zero dollars. Fisheries males twenty dollars eighty one cents, females
zero dollars. Delaware cotton males fifteen dollars thirty one cents,
females eleven dollars fifty eight cents. Wool males eighteen dollars
(34:49):
seventy nine cents, females seventeen dollars thirty three cents. Pig
iron zero dollars for males or females. Iron castings males
twenty three dollars thirty six cents, female zero dollars. Wrought
iron males twenty five dollars fifty three cents, females zero dollars.
(35:11):
Fisheries zero dollars for males or females. Florida cotton males
thirty two dollars fourteen cents, females five dollars. Wool zero
dollars for males and females. Pig iron zero dollars for
males and females, iron castings zero dollars for males and females.
(35:31):
Wrought iron zero dollars for males and females. Fisheries male
seventeen dollars fifty eight cents, female eight dollars forty cents.
Georgia cotton males fourteen dollars fifty seven cents female seven
dollars thirty nine cents. Wool males twenty seven dollars forty
seven cents, females fourteen dollars ten cents. Pig iron males
(35:54):
seventeen dollars forty four cents, females five dollars, iron casting
males twenty seven dollars forty three cents, females zero dollars.
Wrought iron males eleven dollars thirty five cents, females five dollars.
Fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Illinois cotton zero
(36:18):
dollars males and females. Wool males twenty two dollars, females
twelve dollars fifty two cents. Pig iron males twenty two
dollars six cents, females zero dollars. Iron castings males twenty
eight dollars fifty cents, females zero dollars. Wrought iron zero
dollars for males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males
(36:40):
and females. Indiana cotton males thirteen dollars two cents, females
six dollars, seventy seven cents. Wool males twenty one dollars
eighty one cents. Females eleven dollars five cents. Pig iron
males twenty six dollars, females zero, Iron castings male twenty
(37:01):
five dollars seventy four cents, females zero, wrought iron males
twenty seven dollars forty five cents females four dollars. Fisheries
zero dollars for males and females. Iowa cotton zero dollars
for males and females. Wool male eleven dollars, fourteen cents female,
(37:26):
zero dollars. Pig iron zero dollars for males and females.
Iron castings males thirty two dollars thirty five cents females
zero dollars. Wrought iron, zero dollars for males and females.
Fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Kentucky cotton male
fourteen dollars ninety five cents female nine dollars thirty six
(37:50):
cents wool male fifteen dollars thirty cents female eleven dollars
eleven cents. Pig iron male twenty dollars twenty three cent
female four dollars seventy cents. Iron castings male twenty four
dollars eighty nine cents, female four dollars, fifteen cents wrought
iron male thirty two dollars six cents female, zero dollars.
(38:15):
Fisheries zero dollars male and female. Louisiana cotton, zero dollars
for male and female wool, zero dollars for male and
female pig iron, zero dollars for male and female. Iron
castings male thirty five dollars sixty cents female, zero dollars
wrought iron, zero dollars for male and female. Fisheries, zero
(38:38):
dollars for male and female. Maine cotton male twenty nine
dollars thirty five cents, female twelve dollars fifteen cents. Wool
male twenty two dollars fifty seven cents, female eleven dollars
seventy seven cents. Pig iron male twenty two dollars, female
(38:58):
zero dollars. Iron castings male twenty nine dollars, female five dollars.
Wrought iron zero dollars. Male and female. Fisheries male nineteen
dollars twelve cents, female zero dollars. Maryland cotton male fifteen
dollars forty two cents, female nine dollars forty eight cents.
(39:22):
Wool male eighteen dollars sixty cents, female eleven dollars eighty
nine cents. Pig iron male twenty dollars fourteen cents, female
zero dollars. Iron castings male twenty seven dollars fifty cents,
female zero dollars. Wrought iron male twenty four dollars thirty
one cents, female zero dollars. Fisheries zero dollars male and female.
(39:47):
Massachusetts cotton male twenty two dollars ninety cents, female thirteen
dollars sixty cents. Wool male twenty two dollars ninety five cents,
female fourteen dollars twenty two cents pig iron male twenty
seven dollars fifty cents, female zero dollars. Iron castings male
(40:08):
thirty dollars ninety cents, female zero dollars. Wrought iron male
twenty nine dollars forty six cents, female twelve dollars seventy
nine cents. Fisheries male fifteen dollars seventy cents, female zero dollars.
Michigan cotton zero dollars for males and females. Wool male
(40:29):
twenty one dollars sixty five cents, females eleven dollars forty
seven cents. Pig iron male thirty five dollars, female zero dollars,
iron castings male twenty eight dollars sixty eight cents, female
zero dollars. Wrought iron zero dollars for males and females.
Fisheries male twenty two dollars forty three cents, female zero dollars.
(40:54):
Mississippi cotton males fourteen dollars twenty one cents, females five
dollars nine twenty four cents. Wool zero dollars for males
and females. Pig iron zero dollars for males and females.
Iron castings male thirty seven dollars ninety one cents, females
zero dollars. Raw iron zero dollars for males and females,
(41:16):
fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Missouri cotton males
ten dollars ninety three cents, females ten dollars. Wool males
thirty two dollars females six dollars fifty cents. Pig iron
males twenty four dollars twenty eight cents, females zero dollars.
(41:37):
Iron castings males nineteen dollars sixty three cents, females zero dollars.
Wrawed iron males thirty dollars, females zero dollars. Fisheries zero
dollars for males and females. New Hampshire cotton males twenty
six dollars, females thirteen dollars forty seven cents. Wool males
(41:59):
twenty two dollars eighty six cents, females fourteen dollars fifty
three cents. Pig iron males eighteen dollars, females zero dollars.
Iron castings males thirty three dollars five cents females zero dollars.
Wrought iron males thirty one dollars thirty four cents, females
zero dollars. Fisheries males ten dollars, females zero dollars. New
(42:24):
Jersey cotton males seventeen dollars ninety eight cents, females nine
dollars fifty six cents. Wool males twenty five dollars twenty
two cents, females eight dollars sixty cents. Pig iron males
twenty one dollars twenty cents, females zero dollars. Iron castings
male twenty four dollars, females zero dollars. Wrought iron males
(42:48):
twenty seven dollars thirty one cents, female thirteen dollars thirty
four cents. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females. New
York conton males seventeen dollars ninety eight cents, females nine
dollars fifty six cents. Wool males twenty five dollars twenty
two cents, females eight dollars sixty cents. Pig iron male
(43:09):
twenty one dollars twenty cents female zero dollars. Iron castings
male twenty four dollars female, zero dollars. Wrought iron male
twenty seven dollars thirty one cents, females thirteen dollars thirty
four cents. Fisheries zero dollars male and female. North Carolina
cotton males eleven dollars sixty five cents, females six dollars
(43:33):
thirteen cents. Wool males eighteen dollars, females seven dollars. Pig
iron males eight dollars females four dollars. Iron castings males
twenty three dollars forty six cents, females zero dollars. Wrought
iron males ten dollars forty three cents, females four dollars
(43:54):
seventy eight cents. Fisheries males twenty three dollars sixty four cents,
females eleven dollars seventy sens seven cents. Ohio cotton males
sixteen dollars fifty nine cents, females nine dollars forty two cents.
Wool male twenty dollars fourteen cents female, ten dollars ninety cents.
(44:14):
Pig iron male twenty four dollars forty eight cents female
zero dollars. Iron castings mayle twenty seven dollars thirty two
cents female zero dollars. Wrought iron male twenty nine dollars
fifty eight cents female zero dollars. Fisheries male nineteen dollars
seven cents, female zero dollars. Pennsylvania cotton males seventeen dollars
(44:39):
eighty five cents, females nine dollars ninety one cents. Wool
male nineteen dollars twenty three cents, female ten dollars forty
one cents. Pig iron male twenty one dollars sixty five
cents female five dollars eleven cents. Iron castings male twenty
seven dollars fifty five cents female six dollars. Wrought iron
(45:01):
male twenty eight dollars thirty one cents, female six dollars
fifty seven cents. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
Rhode Island cotton males eighteen dollars sixty cents, females twelve
dollars ninety five cents. Wool male twenty dollars seventy cents
female fifteen dollars eighteen cents pig iron, zero dollars for
(45:22):
males and females. Iron castings male twenty nine dollars sixty
three cents, females zero dollars. Wrought iron male fifty seven
dollars eighty five cents, females zero dollars. Fisheries male thirty
four dollars, female, zero dollars. South Carolina cotton, male thirteen
(45:43):
dollars ninety four cents, female eight dollars thirty cents wool,
zero dollars for male and female. Pig iron, zero dollars
for male and female. Iron castings, male thirteen dollars fifty
nine cents, female four dollars wrought iron, zero dollars for
male and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
(46:04):
Tennessee cotton male ten dollars ninety four cents, female six
dollars forty two cents wool. Male seventeen dollars sixty six cents,
female six dollars. Pig iron male twelve dollars eighty one cents,
female five dollars eleven cents. Iron castings male seventeen dollars
(46:26):
ninety six cents female four dollars fifty cents. Wrought iron
male fifteen dollars twenty cents female five dollars, fisheries zero
dollars males and females. Texas cotton zero dollars males and females,
wool males twenty dollars, females twenty dollars. Pig iron zero
(46:48):
dollars males and females, Iron castings males forty three dollars
forty three cents, females zero dollars. Wrought iron zero dollars
for males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
Vermont Cotton males fifteen dollars fifty three cents, females twelve
dollars sixty five cents. Wool males twenty four dollars, forty
(47:11):
six cents, females eleven dollars eighty one cents. Pig iron
males twenty two dollars eight cents female, zero dollars, iron
castings males twenty eight dollars twenty seven cents, females zero dollars.
Wrought iron male thirty two dollars eight cents female zero dollar.
(47:34):
Fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Virginia Cotton male
ten dollars eighteen cents female, six dollars ninety eight cents,
wool males eighteen dollars seventeen cents, females nine dollars ninety
one cents. Pig iron males twelve dollars seventy six cents
(47:54):
females six dollars eighty six cents, iron castings males nineteen
dollars ninety one cents, females nine dollars forty four cents.
Wrought iron males twenty five dollars forty one cents, females
zero dollars. Fisheries males twenty one dollars seventy cents, females
zero dollars. Wisconsin cotton zero dollars for males and females,
(48:18):
Wool males twenty two dollars forty eight cents, females zero dollars.
Pig iron males thirty dollars, females zero dollars, Iron castings
males twenty six dollars seventy three cents, females zero dollars.
Wrought iron zero dollars for males and females fisheries males
(48:39):
twenty one dollars fifty cents, females zero dollars. The number
of hands employed in these manufacturers is as follows. Cotton
men employed thirty three thousand, one hundred fifty men's average
wages per month sixteen dollars seventy nine cents. Women employed
fifty nine one hundred thirty six women's average wages per
month nine dollars twenty four cents. Wool men employed twenty
(49:03):
two thousand, six hundred seventy eight men's average wages per
month twenty one dollars forty nine cents women employed sixteen thousand,
five hundred seventy four women's average wages per month eleven
dollars eighty six cents. Pig iron men employed twenty thousand,
two hundred ninety eight men's average wages per month twenty
(49:24):
one dollars sixty eight cents women employed one hundred fifty
women's average wages per month five dollars thirteen cents. Iron
castings men employed twenty three thousand, five hundred forty one
men's average wages per month twenty seven dollars thirty eight
cents women employed forty eight women's average wages per month
(49:45):
five dollars eighty seven cents. Wrought iron men employed sixteen thousand,
one hundred ten dollars. Men's average wages per month twenty
seven dollars two cents. Women employed one hundred thirty eight
women's average wages seven dollars thirty five cents. Fisheries men
employed twenty thousand, seven hundred four men's average wages per
(50:06):
month twenty dollars forty nine cents. Women employed four hundred
twenty nine women's average wages per month ten dollars eight cents.
Total men employed one hundred thirty six thousand, four hundred
eighty one total women employed seventy six thousand, four hundred
seventy five pauperism. From tables relating to pauperism in the
(50:27):
United States, we learned that in the year ending June one,
eighteen fifty, when our population was twenty three million, one
hundred ninety one thousand, eight hundred seventy six, there were
supported in whole or in part at public expense, sixty
six thousand, four hundred thirty four natives, sixty eight thousand,
five hundred thirty eight foreigners, total of one hundred thirty
four thousand, nine hundred seventy two. The cost of such
(50:50):
support was two million, nine hundred fifty four thousand, eight
hundred six dollars. This is much less than the outlay
in England, where in the year eighteen forty eight there
was expended six minsis one hundred eighty thousand, seven hundred
sixty four pounds sterling were over thirty million dollars, the
population being seventeen million, five hundred twenty one thousand, nine
hundred fifty six crime there were confined in the various
(51:13):
state prisons throughout the Union. On June one, eighteen fifty,
four thousand, six hundred forty three white males, one hundred
fifteen white females total whites, four thousand, seven hundred fifty eight,
eight hundred one colored males, eighty seven colored females total
colored eight hundred eighty eight aggregate five thousand, six hundred
forty six. Of these, there were three thousand, two hundred
(51:37):
fifty nine Native whites, eight hundred sixty six Native colored
Total Natives four thousand, one hundred twenty five, one thousand,
four hundred ninety nine FOURGN whites, twenty two foreign colored
total foreign one thousand, five hundred twenty one aggregate five thousand,
six hundred forty six in temperance. It need not be
(51:57):
repeated that habits of intemperance and prostitution are closely allied.
The following figures give the statistics of the breweries and
distilleries in the United States. The total number of these
establishments is one thousand, two hundred seventeen in which is
invested a capital of eight million, five hundred seven thousand,
five hundred seventy four dollars. They employ six thousand, one
hundred forty hands, and consume during the year three million,
(52:21):
seven hundred eighty seven thousand, one hundred ninety five bushels
of barley, eleven million, sixty seven thousand, seven hundred sixty
one bushels of corn, two million, one hundred forty three thousand,
nine hundred twenty seven bushels of rye fifty six thousand,
six hundred seven bushels of oats, five hundred twenty six thousand,
eight hundred forty bushels of apples, one thousand, two hundred
(52:43):
ninety four tons of hops, sixty one thousand, six hundred
seventy five hogs, heads of molasses. Their yearly production is
one million, one hundred seventy nine thousand, four hundred ninety
five barrels or forty two million, four hundred seventy one thousand,
eight hundred twenty gallons of eight, forty one million, three
hundred sixty four thousand, two hundred twenty four gallons of whiskey,
(53:06):
et cetera, six million, five hundred thousand, five hundred gallons
of rome, for a total of ninety million, three hundred
thirty six thousand, five hundred forty four gallons. If these
stimulants were used in the United States, exclusive of export
or import, the average allowance for each man, woman, and
child in the community would be nearly four gallons per year.
(53:26):
The figures show how much we produce, but will not
aid the inquiry as to how much is consumed natives.
The words natives and foreigners have been so frequently used
in the course of this investigation that the official census
returns as to the relative numbers cannot but be interesting.
Of the white population of the United States, there were
sixty seven point zero two percent born in the state
(53:48):
in which they are now living, twenty one point three
five percent born in the United States, but not in
the state in which they are living, for a total
of natives of eighty eight point thirty seven per per cent,
eleven point four six percent born in foreign countries, and
point one seven percent unknown natives for total one hundred percent. Thus,
(54:09):
of every hundred white inhabitants of the United States, eighty
eight were natives of the soil. Of the free colored inhabitants,
there were ninety eight point five nine percent natives, point
ninety four per cent foreigners, point four seven percent unknown natives.
For one hundred percent. The slave population are for all
practical purposes entirely native. End of Section fifty eight.
Section fifty eight of the History of Prostitution. This is
a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
Recording by K Hand The History of Prostitution by William Sanger,
Section fifty eight, Chapter thirty six, New York Extent, Effects
(00:22):
and Cost of Prostitution, Part four. Allusions have already been
made to many exaggerated opinions as to the extent of
prostitution in New York City, and it may well be
to notice in this place some passages in a work
entitled an Inquiry into the Extent, Causes and Consequences of
Prostitution in Edinburgh by William Tate, Surgeon, second edition, eighteen
(00:46):
forty two. The author starts with the impression that the
capital of Scotland is the most moral city on the
face of the earth, and after fixing the number of
public prostitutes in Edinburgh at eight hundred, or one to
every eighty of the adult male population, and remarks in
London there is one for every sixty, and in Paris
one for every fifteen. Edinburgh is thus about twenty five
(01:07):
percent better than London, while the latter is about seventy
percent better than Paris, happy Edinburgh. And what is to
be said of the chief city of the United States
of America. Of the independent, liberal, religious, and enlightened inhabitants
of New York, it will scarcely be credited that that
city furnishes a prostitute for every six or seven of
its adult male population. Alas for the religion and morality
(01:30):
of the country that affords such a demonstration of its depravity,
it was not surpassed even by the metropolis of France
during the heat and fervor of the Revolution, when libertinism
reigned triumphant, and the laws of God and man were alike.
Set at Defiance, page six, this picture is anything but
flattering to our national pride, but it loses very much
(01:51):
of its effect because it is contrary to the truth.
It will, however, satisfy our readers that mister Tate was misinformed,
and they may feel a slight gratific in the conclusion
that his pathetic lament for the religion and morality of
their country was unnecessary. On page eight of the same work,
we find, after stating that there were upward of ten
thousand abandoned women in the city of New York. The
(02:13):
reverend mister mc dowell, chaplain to the New York Magdalen Asylum,
goes on to say, besides these, we have the clearest
evidence that there are hundreds of private harlots and kept mistresses,
many of whom keep up a show of industry as domestics, seamstresses, nurses,
et cetera, in the most respectable families, and throng the
houses of vassignation every night. Although we have no means
(02:34):
of ascertaining the number of these, yet enough has been
learned from the facts already developed to convince us that
the aggregate is alarmingly great, perhaps a little behind the
proportion of the city of London, whose police report asserts,
on the authority of accurate researches, that the number of
private prostitutes in that city is fully equal to the
number of public harlots. In this passage, mister Tate shifts
(02:54):
the responsibility of his figures to the shoulders of the
reverend mister McDowell, who is represented as declaring the number
of public prostitutes in New York sixteen years ago to
be ten thousand, and assuming the private prostitutes to amount
to the same number, making an aggregate nearly three times
as large as an actual and searching inquiry has found
at the present time. During the last sixteen years, vice
(03:15):
has not decreased in New York, but has steadily increased.
And yet the most diligent search can discover in eighteen
fifty eight only seven thousand, eight hundred sixty public and
private prostitutes, instead of the twenty thousand mentioned in the
publication under notice. We imagine it to be an imperative
duty to be tolerably well acquainted with a social evil
before attempting to write upon it. And although mister Tate's
(03:37):
book cannot, by any possibility injure our city on account
of the palpable misrepresentations it contains, we allude to it
now to show the opinion entertained of New York and
its vices on the other side of the Atlantic, where
an apology necessary for the preset work such statements as
these would be amply sufficient. Mister Tate loses no opportunity
(03:57):
to hurl a sly dart at New York US. On
page thirty eight, after quoting the words of the Reverend,
mister MacDowell as to the character of an abandoned woman
in New York He, mister Tate continues, he says nothing
of the state of religious feeling among the prostitutes there,
And if we are to regard his statement of the
number of prostitutes as strictly correct, it may very well
(04:17):
be questioned whether any considerable number of the inhabitants of
that city are under the influence of sincere religious feeling.
Some of our New York City readers may probably recollect
that the publication of mister McDowell's inquiry produced very considerable
excitement here at the time, and opinions were freely expressed
that he was either very ignorant on the matters of
the nature or intentionally colored as statements, and was, in
(04:40):
either case entirely unfitted for the task he had assumed.
Mister Tate assumes the population of Edinburgh at about two
hundred thousand, the number of public prostitutes at eight hundred,
and of private prostitutes at nearly twelve hundred, or a
total of two thousand abandoned women. This gives one prostitute
to every thirty two adult males. If we adopt his
system of calculation, or one prostitute to every twenty five
(05:01):
adult males. If we adopt the system of calculation which
has been applied to the United States in the present
work from its own figures, then it can be seen
that although New York City is so awfully irreligious, it
has less prostitution than pious Edinburgh. Again, on page one
eighty nine, while speaking of the demoralizing effects of theatrical representations,
mister Tate says, in the report of the House of
(05:23):
Refuge in New York, it is stated that one hundred
and fifty boys and girls out of six hundred and
ninety are guilty of theft and impurity to get a
seat in the theater. He does not mark this as
a quotation, nor does he state the report from which
it was extracted. As he has printed it, it must
be supposed correct, although we must confess we cannot see
very clearly what connection exists between the New York House
(05:44):
of Refuge and prostitution, considering the ages of children generally
admitted to that institution, and while we have very little
doubt that many of the inmates thereof have committed theft,
for the reason he assigns, we are rather dubious as
to the acts of impurity alluded to, except in very
few exceptional cases. Farther on page one ninety four, mister
Tate quotes the address of Reverend mister mc dowell on
(06:07):
prostitution in America as follows. At the very hour in
the morning, afternoon, and evening of every Lord's Day, when
the people of God assemble for religious worship, then in
a special manner do the children of the wicked one
meet in troops at Harlot houses on the Sabbath days.
The rooms are so filled with visitors that there is
no place for them to sit down, and on that
account many are refused admission at the doors. These palpable
(06:30):
exaggerations require no contradiction. They show, however, the extremes of
misrepresentation to which an enthusiastic and incompetent writer may be
led inclined to exaggeration, as mister Tate has been proved
to be. He yet protests in page two fifty one
against some opinions upon infanticide by prostitutes in New York,
advised by his informant, the Reverend mister McDowell, and quotes
(06:51):
the opinion of parent Duchalette to prove that mothers are
generally fond of their children. This fact warrants the conclusion
that his other opinions upon social morals in New York
are entirely derived from mister Medell, who is shown to
be anything but a credible witness. His reliance upon such
a source is much to be regretted as materially impairing
the value and truthfulness of his otherwise interesting and useful volume.
(07:14):
The following extracts from the Compendium of the seventh Census
of the United States eighteen fifty will be interesting from
their relation to various points which have been discussed in
the progress of this work. They have all a more
or less direct bearing upon the subject of prostitution, and
the condensation of them here will give readers an opportunity
of verifying many of the previous remarks. The estimated population
(07:35):
of the Union at the present time eighteen fifty eight
has been already given as twenty nine million, two hundred
forty two thousand, one hundred thirty nine persons, including slaves.
The proportion of females to males at each census from
seventeen ninety to eighteen fifty is stated as follows. Seventeen
ninety one hundred males to ninety six point four females,
(07:56):
eighteen hundred one hundred males to ninety five point three females,
eighteen ten one hundred males to ninety six point two females,
eighteen twenty one hundred males to ninety six point eight females,
eighteen thirty one hundred males to ninety six point four females,
eighteen forty one hundred males to ninety five point six females,
(08:18):
eighteen fifty one hundred males to ninety five females. This
relates only to the free population. In enumerting slaves, no
distinction of sex was made earlier than the year eighteen twenty.
The ratio of male and female slaves since that date
is as follows. Eighteen twenty one hundred males to ninety
five point one nine females, eighteen thirty one hundred miles
(08:39):
to ninety eight point three six females, eighteen forty one
hundred males to ninety nine point five five females, eighteen
fifty one hundred males to ninety nine point nine five females.
From these tables, it appears that the males in the
free population and the females in the slave population have
been steadily increasing, but with no determined ratio of progression.
(09:00):
Taking the total free and slave population since the census
of eighteen twenty, the excess of males is stated thus
eighteen twenty four million, eight hundred ninety eight thousand, one
hundred twenty seven males, four million, seven hundred forty thousand
four females. Excess of males one hundred fifty eight thousand,
one hundred twenty three, eighteen thirty six million, five hundred
(09:23):
twenty nine thousand, six hundred ninety six males, six million,
three hundred thirty six thousand, three hundred twenty four females.
Excess of males of one hundred ninety three thousand, three
hundred seventy two eighteen forty eight million, six hundred eighty
eight thousand, five hundred thirty two males, eight million, three
hundred eighty thousand, nine hundred twenty one females. Excess of
(09:44):
male three hundred seven thousand, six hundred eleven eighteen fifty
eleven million, eight hundred thirty seven thousand, six hundred sixty
one males eleven million, three hundred fifty four thousand, two
hundred fifteen females excess of males hundred eighty three thousand,
four hundred forty six. It will be seen from this
that in eighteen fifty the males were in excess at
(10:07):
the rate of two point zero eight per cent, and
by applying the same rule to the population of eighteen
fifty eight, a fair estimate of the relative number of
each sex at the present time may be made as follows.
Males eighteen fifty eight fourteen million, nine hundred twenty five thousand,
one hundred eighty eight, females fourteen million, three hundred sixteen thousand,
(10:29):
nine hundred fifty one, excess of males six hundred eight thousand,
two hundred thirty seven. Total estimated population twenty nine million,
two hundred forty two thousand, one hundred thirty nine. In
the several geographical divisions of the Union, the proportion of
white males to white females is thus shown New England, States, Maine,
(10:49):
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut one hundred
point eight seven females to one hundred males. States New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and District of Columbia ninety
seven point seven zero females to one hundred males. Southern
States Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida ninety
(11:14):
eight point five four females to one hundred males. Southwestern
States Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee ninety one
point sixty six females to one hundred males. Northwestern States Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin,
and Iowa ninety two point one one females to one
(11:37):
hundred males. California and Territories thirty six point seven three
females to one hundred males. Two facts are developed in
this statement. In the New England States, females are in
excess of males. From this district comes the majority of
all the native born prostitutes who find their home in
New York City. In the northwestern states to which it
(11:57):
has been proposed to remove some of the surplus female
labour of New York, the males are in excess, and
any women sent there with aid in restoring the equilibrium
of the sexes. The following table gives the relative percentage
of each sex at different ages, and also the number
of females to each one hundred males ages under five years.
(12:18):
Percentage of males fourteen point six eight percentage of females
fourteen point nine five females to each one hundred males
ninety six point seven six from five years to ten years.
Percentage of males thirteen point six nine, percentage of females
thirteen point nine eight females to each one hundred males
(12:38):
ninety seven point zero three from ten years to fifteen years.
Percentage of males twelve point two three percentage of females
twelve point three five females to one hundred males ninety
six from fifteen years to twenty years. Percentage of males
ten point three nine percentage of females a eleven point
(13:00):
four two females to each one hundred males one hundred
four point four six from twenty years to thirty years.
Percentage of males eighteen point sixty four percentage of females
eighteen point four six females to each one hundred males
ninety four point eight from thirty years to forty years
(13:22):
percentage of males twelve point eight five percentage of females
eleven point eight four females to each one hundred males
eighty seven point five five from forty years to fifty years.
Percentage of males eight point three eight percentage of females
seven point eight six females to each one hundred males
(13:44):
eighty nine point zero nine from fifty years to sixty years.
Percentage of males four point nine seven percentage of females
four point eight three females to each one hundred males
ninety two point one five from sixty years to seventy years.
Percentage of males two point six four percentage of females
(14:06):
two point sixty nine females to each one hundred males
ninety six point eight eight from seventy years to eighty years.
Percentage of males one point one one percentage of females
one point one eight females to each one hundred males
one hundred one point zero one from eighty years to
(14:26):
ninety years. Percentage of males point three one percentage of
females point three six females to each one hundred males
one hundred ten point one one. From ninety years to
one hundred years, percentage of males point zero four percentage
of females point zero five females to each one hundred
males one hundred twenty three point one six. From one
(14:49):
hundred years upwards, percentage of males point zero four, percentage
of females point zero five females to each one hundred
males one hundred twenty point four five ages unknown percentage
of males point zero seven, percentage of females point zero
three females to each one hundred males forty four point
(15:09):
zero nine total percentage of males one hundred total percentage
of females one hundred total females to each one hundred
males ninety five. Experience has proved that the age at
which female virtue is exposed to the most temptation, or
at least the age which the greater part of the
prostitutes in New York have embraced to the wretched calling,
(15:31):
is from fifteen to twenty years, and the table shows
that at those periods females are in excess over males
nearly four and one half percent. Is it to be
supposed that the numerical predominance is the cause of the temptations,
or may it not rather be concluded that both are
coexistent and equally contribute to the sad result, or even
would not temptation be more aggravated because concentrated if at
(15:53):
that critical period of life, males and females were in
equal numbers. The following table gives a relative aid of
the whole population without distinction of sex, but compares the white,
free colored, and slave classes under five years of age.
Percentage of white population fourteen point eight one, percentage of
free colored population fourteen percentage of slave population sixteen point
(16:17):
eight seven from five years to ten years, percentage of
white population thirteen point eight three, percentage of free colored
population thirteen point eight six, percentage of slave population fourteen
point nine five. From ten years to fifteen years, percentage
of white population twelve point two eight, percentage of free
(16:39):
colored population twelve point zero four, percentage of slave population
thirteen point six one from fifteen years to twenty years,
percentage of white population ten point eight nine, percentage of
free colored population ten point zero eight, percentage of slave
population eleven point one five from twenty to thirty years,
(17:04):
percentage of white population eighteen point five five, percentage of
free colored population seventeen point eight five, percentage of slave
population seventeen point eight six from thirty years to forty years,
percentage of white population twelve point three six, percentage of
free colored population twelve point seven to one, percentage of
(17:27):
slave population eleven point zero four from forty years to
fifty years, percentage of white population eight point one three,
percentage of free colored population eight point seven three, percentage
of slave population six point eight six from fifty years
to sixty years, percentage of white population four point nine zero,
(17:50):
percentage of free colored population five point six zero, percentage
of slave population three point nine six from six sixty
years and upward. Percentage of white population four point two zero,
percentage of free colored population five point five six, percentage
of slave population three point six eight age unknown percentage
(18:15):
of white population point zero five, percentage of free colored
population point zero seven, percentage of slave population point zero two.
Total percentage of white population one hundred, total percentage of
free colored population one hundred, total percentage of slave population
one hundred berths. The ratio of berths is in the
(18:37):
United States one berth to every thirty six persons or
two point seventy five percent. Great Britain one berth to
every thirty one person or three point two two percent,
France one berth to every thirty five persons or two
point eight six percent, Russia one berth to every thirty
six persons or two point seventy five percent, Prussia and
(19:01):
Austria one berth to every twenty six persons or three
point eight seven percent. Education. The importance of education and
its influence upon the social problem of prostitution is a
sufficient apology for the following extracts. In addition to what
has been said already on the subject. There are in
the United States two hundred thirty nine colleges with an
annual income of one million, nine hundred sixty four thousand,
(19:23):
four hundred twenty eight dollars eighty thousand, nine hundred seventy eight,
public schools with an annual income of nine million, five
hundred twenty nine thousand, five hundred forty two dollars six thousand,
eighty five academics, and private schools with an annual income
of four million, six hundred forty four thousand, two hundred
fourteen dollars, totaling eighty seven thousand three hundred two educational institutions,
(19:46):
which cost sixteen million, one hundred thirty eight thousand, one
hundred eighty four dollars. These institutions are attended by three million,
six hundred forty four thousand, nine hundred twenty eight scholars.
There are in the United States eight hundred fifty eight
eight thousand, three hundred six natives, one hundred ninety five thousand,
one hundred fourteen foreigners, for a total of one million,
(20:07):
fifty three thousand, four hundred twenty persons above twenty years
of age who cannot read or write. This number is
subdivided thus White three hundred eighty nine thousand, six hundred
sixty four males, five hundred seventy three thousand, two hundred
thirty four females total white, nine hundred sixty two thousand,
eight hundred ninety four free colored, forty thousand, seven hundred
(20:28):
twenty two males, forty nine thousand, eight hundred females total
free colored, ninety thousand, five hundred twenty two total males,
four hundred thirty thousand, three hundred eighty six total females
six hundred twenty three thousand, thirty four total combine one million,
fifty three thousand, four hundred twenty. This shows a remarkable
preponderance of uneducated women. The percentage of children attending school
(20:51):
in the United States calculated on all between the ages
of five and fifteen years, is natives eighty point eight
one percent, foreigners fifty one point six seven three percent,
a proof of the fact intimated already that foreign parents
do not endeavor to avail themselves of the facilities provided
for the education of their children. The illiterate of the
population are thus minutely analyzed. White illiterate to total white
(21:15):
four point nine two percent, free colored illiterate to total
free colored twenty point eight three percent Native white and
free colored illiterate to total native white and free colored
four point eight five percent, Foreign white and free colored
illiterate to total foreign white and free colored eight point
two four percent native illiterate white and free colored to
(21:37):
total of both Native over twenty years of age ten
point three five percent foreign illiterate white and free colored
to total of both foreign over twenty years of age
fourteen point four eight percent foreign illiterate over twenty years
of age one hundred ninety five point one one four
percent foreign illiterate to total foreign over twenty years of age,
(22:01):
supposing the illiterate to be all white fourteen point five
one percent. Following the geographical sections, we obtain the following results.
New England States percentage of pupils to the white population
twenty five point nine zero, percentage of pupils to the
white and free colored population twenty five point seven to one,
(22:22):
percentage of illiterate to white population one point eight eight.
Middle States percentage of pupils to the white population seventy
one point seventy nine, percentage of pupils to the white
and free colored population twenty one point zero two percentage
of illiterate to white population three point one six. Southern
States percentage of pupils to the white population fourteen point
(22:45):
five two, percentage of pupils to the white and free
colored population thirteen point nine two, percentage of illiterate to
white population nine point two two. Southwestern States percentage of
pupils to the white population sixteen point three two. Percentage
of pupils to the white and free colored population is
sixteen point one zero percentage of illiterate to white population
(23:09):
eight point four five. Northwestern States percentage of pupils to
the white population twenty one point seven two. Percentage of
pupils to the white and free colored population twenty one
point five one. Percentage of illiterate to white population five
point zero three. New England States percentage of illiterate to
natives point two six. Percentage of illiterate to natives over
(23:32):
twenty years of age point four two. Percentage of illiterate
to foreigners fourteen point sixty three. Percentage of illiterate to
foreigners over twenty years of age twenty four point three nine.
Percentage of illiterate to free colored eight point four five.
Middle States percentage of illiterate to ten natives one point
eight four percentage of illiterate to natives over twenty years
(23:55):
of age three point zero zero. Percentage of illiterate to
foreigners nine point five five. Percentage of illiterate to foreigners
over twenty years of age fifteen point nine two. Percentage
of illiterate to free colored twenty two point four two.
Southern States percentage of illiterate to natives nine point three zero.
(24:17):
Percentage of illiterate to natives over twenty years of age
twenty point three zero. Percentage of illiterate to foreigners five
point two eight percentage of illiterate to foreigners over twenty
years of age eight point eight zero percentage of illiterate
to free colored twenty one point two zero. Southwestern States
percentage of illiterate to natives eight point four one. Percentage
(24:42):
of illiterate to natives over twenty years of age sixteen
point sixty three percentage of illiterate to foreigners nine point
one two. Percentage of illiterate to foreigners over twenty years
of age fifteen point two zero percentage of illiterate to
free colored eighteen point five four. Northwestern States percentage of
(25:02):
illiterate to natives four point ninety seven percentage of illiterate
to natives over twenty years of age nine point nine two.
Percentage of illiterate to foreigners four point sixty three. Percentage
of illiterate to foreigners over twenty years of age seven
point seven two percentage of illiterate to free colored twenty
one point four four. California and Territories percentage of illiterate
(25:26):
to natives seventeen point five zero. Percentage of illiterate to
natives over twenty years of age twenty one point sixty
three percentage of illiterate to foreigners fourteen point one three,
percentage of alliterate to foreigners over twenty years of age
twenty three point five one percentage of illiterate to free
colored twelve point four seven occupations. In the tables of occupations,
(25:51):
the only class noticed is the white and free colored
male population over fifteen years of age. No returns of
female employment being given as interesting to the general reader,
although not in immediate connection with the subject. The following
is given. Occupations commerce, trade, manufactures, mechanic arts, and mining
ratio percent to the total employed twenty nine point seven two,
(26:13):
Agriculture forty four point sixty nine, Labor not agricultural eighteen
point five zero, Army point one zero, Sea and river
navigation two point one seven, Law, medicine and divinity one
point seven six. Other pursuits requiring education one point seven eight,
(26:34):
Government civil service point four six, domestic service point four one,
other occupations point four one, for a total of one
hundred percent. A similar, but more elaborate statement of occupations
of the people of Great Britain was published in the
British Census for eighteen forty one, and is reprinted by
Professor Bow in his compendium Occupations, Commerce, trade and manufactures
(26:57):
percentage to total mails twenty six point two four percentage
to total females seven point one two percentage to total
population sixteen point five two. Agriculture percentage to total males
fifteen point three three percentage to total females point eight
four percentage to total population seven point nine six. Labor
(27:19):
not agricultural percentage to total males six point ninety nine
percentage to total females one point two one percentage to
total population four point zero five. Army percentage to total
males one point four two percentage to total females, zero
percentage to total population point seven zero. Navy and merchant seamen, boatmen,
(27:43):
et cetera percentage to total males two point three five
percentage to total females, zero percentage to total population one
point one seven. Clerical, legal and medical professions percentage to
total males point sixty six percentage to total five females
point zero two percentage to total population point three four.
(28:05):
Other pursuits requiring education percentage to total males one point
one seven percentage to total females point three six percentage
to total population point seven six. Government and municipal civil
service percentage to total males point four three percentage to
total females point zero two percentage to total population point
(28:28):
two two. Domestic servants percentage to total males two point
seven eight percentage to total females nine point four eight
percentage to total population six point one eight. Persons of
independent means percentage to total males one point four seven
percentage to total females three point eight eight percentage to
(28:50):
total population two point sixty nine. Pensioners, paupers, lunatics and
prisoners percentage to total males one point one one, percentage
to total females one point zero one percentage to total
population one point zero six. Unoccupied including women and children
percentage to total males forty point zero five percentage to
(29:14):
total females seventy six point zero six percentage to total
population fifty eight point three five percentage total to males
one hundred percentage total to females one hundred percentage to
total population one hundred. Wages. In introducing this subject, Professor
de Beae remarks, the money price of wages, unless the
(29:35):
price of other articles be known, gives but an unsatisfactory
idea of the condition of the labouring classes at different
periods and in different countries. In the following tables of
the rates of renuneration in eighteen fifty, this difficulty will
scarcely exist so far as New York is concerned. At least,
the large number of domestic servants who have been added
to our population since that year precludes the possibility of
(29:56):
any considerable advance in the rate of wages. And as
every reader has an idea of what a woman's necessary
expenses must be, each will be enabled to decide for
himself whether the compensation is sufficient or whether society the
large would not be benefited were some of the surplus
domestic servants removed to other localities, and thus by increasing
the demand augment the wages. The following was the average
(30:17):
weekly wages with board of a domestic servant in the
year eighteen fifty. State Alabama wages one dollar forty one cents,
Arkansas one dollar sixty seven cents, California thirteen dollars, Columbia
District of one dollar thirty one cents, Connecticut one dollar
thirty six cents, Delaware eighty four cents, Florida one dollar
(30:40):
eighty three cents, Georgia one dollar fifty two cents. Illinois
one dollar fourteen cents, Indiana ninety cents, Iowa one dollar
seven cents, Kentucky one dollar nine cents, Louisiana two dollars
fifty seven cents, Maine one dollar nine cents, Maryland eighty
nine cents, Massachusett It's one dollar forty eight cents, Michigan
(31:02):
one dollar ten cents, Mississippi one dollar fifty two cents,
Missouri one dollar seventeen cents, New Hampshire one dollar twenty
seven cents, New Jersey ninety seven cents, New York one
dollar five cents, North Carolina eighty seven cents, Ohio ninety
six cents, Pennsylvania eighty cents, Rhode Island one dollar forty
(31:25):
two cents, South Carolina one dollar forty two cents, Tennessee
one dollar, Texas two dollars, Vermont one dollar nineteen cents,
Virginia ninety six cents, Wisconsin one dollar twenty seven cents,
Territories Minnesota two dollars twenty five cents, New Mexico seventy
eight cents, Oregon ten dollars, Utah one dollar forty six cents.
(31:51):
The following is a table of the monthly wages and
factories in the different states. It is, of course, exclusive
of board and lodging. Looking at the amount received by
fee female operatives, will anyone feel surprised that they should
abandon the insistent and poorly paid employment wages per month
without board. Alabama cotton males eleven dollars seventy one cents,
(32:13):
females seven dollars ninety eight cents. Wool zero dollars for
males and females. Pig iron males seventeen dollars sixty cents,
females zero dollars, iron castings males thirty dollars five cents,
females zero, wrought iron males fifteen dollars twenty nine cents,
(32:36):
females zero, fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Arkansas
cotton males fourteen dollars sixty one cents, females five dollars
eighty eight cents. Wool zero dollars for males and females,
pig iron zero dollars for males and females, iron castings
(32:58):
zero dollars for males and females. Wrought iron zero dollars
for males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
California Cotton zero dollars for males and females, wool zero
dollars for males and females, pig iron zero dollars for
males and females, iron castings males twenty three dollars, thirty
(33:21):
three cents, females zero dollars. Wrought iron zero dollars for
males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
District of Columbia Cotton males fourteen dollars two cents, females
eight dollars. Wool males thirty dollars, females zero dollars, pig
(33:44):
iron zero dollars for males and females, iron castings males
twenty seven dollars, five cents, females zero dollars, wrought iron
zero dollars for males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for
males and females. Connecticut Cotton males nineteen dollars, eight cents,
(34:06):
females eleven dollars eighty cents. Wool males twenty four dollars
twelve cents, females twelve dollars eighty six cents. Pig iron
males twenty six dollars eighty cents, females zero dollars. Iron
castings males twenty seven dollars two cents females eight dollars.
(34:27):
Wrought iron males thirty one dollars fifty nine cents females
zero dollars. Fisheries males twenty dollars eighty one cents, females
zero dollars. Delaware cotton males fifteen dollars thirty one cents,
females eleven dollars fifty eight cents. Wool males eighteen dollars
(34:49):
seventy nine cents, females seventeen dollars thirty three cents. Pig
iron zero dollars for males or females. Iron castings males
twenty three dollars thirty six cents, female zero dollars. Wrought
iron males twenty five dollars fifty three cents, females zero dollars.
(35:11):
Fisheries zero dollars for males or females. Florida cotton males
thirty two dollars fourteen cents, females five dollars. Wool zero
dollars for males and females. Pig iron zero dollars for
males and females, iron castings zero dollars for males and females.
(35:31):
Wrought iron zero dollars for males and females. Fisheries male
seventeen dollars fifty eight cents, female eight dollars forty cents.
Georgia cotton males fourteen dollars fifty seven cents female seven
dollars thirty nine cents. Wool males twenty seven dollars forty
seven cents, females fourteen dollars ten cents. Pig iron males
(35:54):
seventeen dollars forty four cents, females five dollars, iron casting
males twenty seven dollars forty three cents, females zero dollars.
Wrought iron males eleven dollars thirty five cents, females five dollars.
Fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Illinois cotton zero
(36:18):
dollars males and females. Wool males twenty two dollars, females
twelve dollars fifty two cents. Pig iron males twenty two
dollars six cents, females zero dollars. Iron castings males twenty
eight dollars fifty cents, females zero dollars. Wrought iron zero
dollars for males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males
(36:40):
and females. Indiana cotton males thirteen dollars two cents, females
six dollars, seventy seven cents. Wool males twenty one dollars
eighty one cents. Females eleven dollars five cents. Pig iron
males twenty six dollars, females zero, Iron castings male twenty
(37:01):
five dollars seventy four cents, females zero, wrought iron males
twenty seven dollars forty five cents females four dollars. Fisheries
zero dollars for males and females. Iowa cotton zero dollars
for males and females. Wool male eleven dollars, fourteen cents female,
(37:26):
zero dollars. Pig iron zero dollars for males and females.
Iron castings males thirty two dollars thirty five cents females
zero dollars. Wrought iron, zero dollars for males and females.
Fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Kentucky cotton male
fourteen dollars ninety five cents female nine dollars thirty six
(37:50):
cents wool male fifteen dollars thirty cents female eleven dollars
eleven cents. Pig iron male twenty dollars twenty three cent
female four dollars seventy cents. Iron castings male twenty four
dollars eighty nine cents, female four dollars, fifteen cents wrought
iron male thirty two dollars six cents female, zero dollars.
(38:15):
Fisheries zero dollars male and female. Louisiana cotton, zero dollars
for male and female wool, zero dollars for male and
female pig iron, zero dollars for male and female. Iron
castings male thirty five dollars sixty cents female, zero dollars
wrought iron, zero dollars for male and female. Fisheries, zero
(38:38):
dollars for male and female. Maine cotton male twenty nine
dollars thirty five cents, female twelve dollars fifteen cents. Wool
male twenty two dollars fifty seven cents, female eleven dollars
seventy seven cents. Pig iron male twenty two dollars, female
(38:58):
zero dollars. Iron castings male twenty nine dollars, female five dollars.
Wrought iron zero dollars. Male and female. Fisheries male nineteen
dollars twelve cents, female zero dollars. Maryland cotton male fifteen
dollars forty two cents, female nine dollars forty eight cents.
(39:22):
Wool male eighteen dollars sixty cents, female eleven dollars eighty
nine cents. Pig iron male twenty dollars fourteen cents, female
zero dollars. Iron castings male twenty seven dollars fifty cents,
female zero dollars. Wrought iron male twenty four dollars thirty
one cents, female zero dollars. Fisheries zero dollars male and female.
(39:47):
Massachusetts cotton male twenty two dollars ninety cents, female thirteen
dollars sixty cents. Wool male twenty two dollars ninety five cents,
female fourteen dollars twenty two cents pig iron male twenty
seven dollars fifty cents, female zero dollars. Iron castings male
(40:08):
thirty dollars ninety cents, female zero dollars. Wrought iron male
twenty nine dollars forty six cents, female twelve dollars seventy
nine cents. Fisheries male fifteen dollars seventy cents, female zero dollars.
Michigan cotton zero dollars for males and females. Wool male
(40:29):
twenty one dollars sixty five cents, females eleven dollars forty
seven cents. Pig iron male thirty five dollars, female zero dollars,
iron castings male twenty eight dollars sixty eight cents, female
zero dollars. Wrought iron zero dollars for males and females.
Fisheries male twenty two dollars forty three cents, female zero dollars.
(40:54):
Mississippi cotton males fourteen dollars twenty one cents, females five
dollars nine twenty four cents. Wool zero dollars for males
and females. Pig iron zero dollars for males and females.
Iron castings male thirty seven dollars ninety one cents, females
zero dollars. Raw iron zero dollars for males and females,
(41:16):
fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Missouri cotton males
ten dollars ninety three cents, females ten dollars. Wool males
thirty two dollars females six dollars fifty cents. Pig iron
males twenty four dollars twenty eight cents, females zero dollars.
(41:37):
Iron castings males nineteen dollars sixty three cents, females zero dollars.
Wrawed iron males thirty dollars, females zero dollars. Fisheries zero
dollars for males and females. New Hampshire cotton males twenty
six dollars, females thirteen dollars forty seven cents. Wool males
(41:59):
twenty two dollars eighty six cents, females fourteen dollars fifty
three cents. Pig iron males eighteen dollars, females zero dollars.
Iron castings males thirty three dollars five cents females zero dollars.
Wrought iron males thirty one dollars thirty four cents, females
zero dollars. Fisheries males ten dollars, females zero dollars. New
(42:24):
Jersey cotton males seventeen dollars ninety eight cents, females nine
dollars fifty six cents. Wool males twenty five dollars twenty
two cents, females eight dollars sixty cents. Pig iron males
twenty one dollars twenty cents, females zero dollars. Iron castings
male twenty four dollars, females zero dollars. Wrought iron males
(42:48):
twenty seven dollars thirty one cents, female thirteen dollars thirty
four cents. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females. New
York conton males seventeen dollars ninety eight cents, females nine
dollars fifty six cents. Wool males twenty five dollars twenty
two cents, females eight dollars sixty cents. Pig iron male
(43:09):
twenty one dollars twenty cents female zero dollars. Iron castings
male twenty four dollars female, zero dollars. Wrought iron male
twenty seven dollars thirty one cents, females thirteen dollars thirty
four cents. Fisheries zero dollars male and female. North Carolina
cotton males eleven dollars sixty five cents, females six dollars
(43:33):
thirteen cents. Wool males eighteen dollars, females seven dollars. Pig
iron males eight dollars females four dollars. Iron castings males
twenty three dollars forty six cents, females zero dollars. Wrought
iron males ten dollars forty three cents, females four dollars
(43:54):
seventy eight cents. Fisheries males twenty three dollars sixty four cents,
females eleven dollars seventy sens seven cents. Ohio cotton males
sixteen dollars fifty nine cents, females nine dollars forty two cents.
Wool male twenty dollars fourteen cents female, ten dollars ninety cents.
(44:14):
Pig iron male twenty four dollars forty eight cents female
zero dollars. Iron castings mayle twenty seven dollars thirty two
cents female zero dollars. Wrought iron male twenty nine dollars
fifty eight cents female zero dollars. Fisheries male nineteen dollars
seven cents, female zero dollars. Pennsylvania cotton males seventeen dollars
(44:39):
eighty five cents, females nine dollars ninety one cents. Wool
male nineteen dollars twenty three cents, female ten dollars forty
one cents. Pig iron male twenty one dollars sixty five
cents female five dollars eleven cents. Iron castings male twenty
seven dollars fifty five cents female six dollars. Wrought iron
(45:01):
male twenty eight dollars thirty one cents, female six dollars
fifty seven cents. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
Rhode Island cotton males eighteen dollars sixty cents, females twelve
dollars ninety five cents. Wool male twenty dollars seventy cents
female fifteen dollars eighteen cents pig iron, zero dollars for
(45:22):
males and females. Iron castings male twenty nine dollars sixty
three cents, females zero dollars. Wrought iron male fifty seven
dollars eighty five cents, females zero dollars. Fisheries male thirty
four dollars, female, zero dollars. South Carolina cotton, male thirteen
(45:43):
dollars ninety four cents, female eight dollars thirty cents wool,
zero dollars for male and female. Pig iron, zero dollars
for male and female. Iron castings, male thirteen dollars fifty
nine cents, female four dollars wrought iron, zero dollars for
male and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
(46:04):
Tennessee cotton male ten dollars ninety four cents, female six
dollars forty two cents wool. Male seventeen dollars sixty six cents,
female six dollars. Pig iron male twelve dollars eighty one cents,
female five dollars eleven cents. Iron castings male seventeen dollars
(46:26):
ninety six cents female four dollars fifty cents. Wrought iron
male fifteen dollars twenty cents female five dollars, fisheries zero
dollars males and females. Texas cotton zero dollars males and females,
wool males twenty dollars, females twenty dollars. Pig iron zero
(46:48):
dollars males and females, Iron castings males forty three dollars
forty three cents, females zero dollars. Wrought iron zero dollars
for males and females. Fisheries zero dollars for males and females.
Vermont Cotton males fifteen dollars fifty three cents, females twelve
dollars sixty five cents. Wool males twenty four dollars, forty
(47:11):
six cents, females eleven dollars eighty one cents. Pig iron
males twenty two dollars eight cents female, zero dollars, iron
castings males twenty eight dollars twenty seven cents, females zero dollars.
Wrought iron male thirty two dollars eight cents female zero dollar.
(47:34):
Fisheries zero dollars for males and females. Virginia Cotton male
ten dollars eighteen cents female, six dollars ninety eight cents,
wool males eighteen dollars seventeen cents, females nine dollars ninety
one cents. Pig iron males twelve dollars seventy six cents
(47:54):
females six dollars eighty six cents, iron castings males nineteen
dollars ninety one cents, females nine dollars forty four cents.
Wrought iron males twenty five dollars forty one cents, females
zero dollars. Fisheries males twenty one dollars seventy cents, females
zero dollars. Wisconsin cotton zero dollars for males and females,
(48:18):
Wool males twenty two dollars forty eight cents, females zero dollars.
Pig iron males thirty dollars, females zero dollars, Iron castings
males twenty six dollars seventy three cents, females zero dollars.
Wrought iron zero dollars for males and females fisheries males
(48:39):
twenty one dollars fifty cents, females zero dollars. The number
of hands employed in these manufacturers is as follows. Cotton
men employed thirty three thousand, one hundred fifty men's average
wages per month sixteen dollars seventy nine cents. Women employed
fifty nine one hundred thirty six women's average wages per
month nine dollars twenty four cents. Wool men employed twenty
(49:03):
two thousand, six hundred seventy eight men's average wages per
month twenty one dollars forty nine cents women employed sixteen thousand,
five hundred seventy four women's average wages per month eleven
dollars eighty six cents. Pig iron men employed twenty thousand,
two hundred ninety eight men's average wages per month twenty
(49:24):
one dollars sixty eight cents women employed one hundred fifty
women's average wages per month five dollars thirteen cents. Iron
castings men employed twenty three thousand, five hundred forty one
men's average wages per month twenty seven dollars thirty eight
cents women employed forty eight women's average wages per month
(49:45):
five dollars eighty seven cents. Wrought iron men employed sixteen thousand,
one hundred ten dollars. Men's average wages per month twenty
seven dollars two cents. Women employed one hundred thirty eight
women's average wages seven dollars thirty five cents. Fisheries men
employed twenty thousand, seven hundred four men's average wages per
(50:06):
month twenty dollars forty nine cents. Women employed four hundred
twenty nine women's average wages per month ten dollars eight cents.
Total men employed one hundred thirty six thousand, four hundred
eighty one total women employed seventy six thousand, four hundred
seventy five pauperism. From tables relating to pauperism in the
(50:27):
United States, we learned that in the year ending June one,
eighteen fifty, when our population was twenty three million, one
hundred ninety one thousand, eight hundred seventy six, there were
supported in whole or in part at public expense, sixty
six thousand, four hundred thirty four natives, sixty eight thousand,
five hundred thirty eight foreigners, total of one hundred thirty
four thousand, nine hundred seventy two. The cost of such
(50:50):
support was two million, nine hundred fifty four thousand, eight
hundred six dollars. This is much less than the outlay
in England, where in the year eighteen forty eight there
was expended six minsis one hundred eighty thousand, seven hundred
sixty four pounds sterling were over thirty million dollars, the
population being seventeen million, five hundred twenty one thousand, nine
hundred fifty six crime there were confined in the various
(51:13):
state prisons throughout the Union. On June one, eighteen fifty,
four thousand, six hundred forty three white males, one hundred
fifteen white females total whites, four thousand, seven hundred fifty eight,
eight hundred one colored males, eighty seven colored females total
colored eight hundred eighty eight aggregate five thousand, six hundred
forty six. Of these, there were three thousand, two hundred
(51:37):
fifty nine Native whites, eight hundred sixty six Native colored
Total Natives four thousand, one hundred twenty five, one thousand,
four hundred ninety nine FOURGN whites, twenty two foreign colored
total foreign one thousand, five hundred twenty one aggregate five thousand,
six hundred forty six in temperance. It need not be
(51:57):
repeated that habits of intemperance and prostitution are closely allied.
The following figures give the statistics of the breweries and
distilleries in the United States. The total number of these
establishments is one thousand, two hundred seventeen in which is
invested a capital of eight million, five hundred seven thousand,
five hundred seventy four dollars. They employ six thousand, one
hundred forty hands, and consume during the year three million,
(52:21):
seven hundred eighty seven thousand, one hundred ninety five bushels
of barley, eleven million, sixty seven thousand, seven hundred sixty
one bushels of corn, two million, one hundred forty three thousand,
nine hundred twenty seven bushels of rye fifty six thousand,
six hundred seven bushels of oats, five hundred twenty six thousand,
eight hundred forty bushels of apples, one thousand, two hundred
(52:43):
ninety four tons of hops, sixty one thousand, six hundred
seventy five hogs, heads of molasses. Their yearly production is
one million, one hundred seventy nine thousand, four hundred ninety
five barrels or forty two million, four hundred seventy one thousand,
eight hundred twenty gallons of eight, forty one million, three
hundred sixty four thousand, two hundred twenty four gallons of whiskey,
(53:06):
et cetera, six million, five hundred thousand, five hundred gallons
of rome, for a total of ninety million, three hundred
thirty six thousand, five hundred forty four gallons. If these
stimulants were used in the United States, exclusive of export
or import, the average allowance for each man, woman, and
child in the community would be nearly four gallons per year.
(53:26):
The figures show how much we produce, but will not
aid the inquiry as to how much is consumed natives.
The words natives and foreigners have been so frequently used
in the course of this investigation that the official census
returns as to the relative numbers cannot but be interesting.
Of the white population of the United States, there were
sixty seven point zero two percent born in the state
(53:48):
in which they are now living, twenty one point three
five percent born in the United States, but not in
the state in which they are living, for a total
of natives of eighty eight point thirty seven per per cent,
eleven point four six percent born in foreign countries, and
point one seven percent unknown natives for total one hundred percent. Thus,
(54:09):
of every hundred white inhabitants of the United States, eighty
eight were natives of the soil. Of the free colored inhabitants,
there were ninety eight point five nine percent natives, point
ninety four per cent foreigners, point four seven percent unknown natives.
For one hundred percent. The slave population are for all
practical purposes entirely native. End of Section fifty eight.
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