September 3, 2025 • 18 mins
Delve into one of the earliest comprehensive studies of Philippine history crafted by an American scholar. This remarkable work stems from the authors ethnological research on indigenous island tribes following the American war in the Philippines. Aimed at the Filipino audience, the author skillfully weaves the islands history into the expansive tapestry of European and American narratives, offering a unique perspective on the cultural and historical significance of the Philippines. (Summary by JoeD)
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Speaker 1 (00:02):
Chapter ten, Part two of A History of the Philippines.
This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please
visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by Gery macfadden. A History
(00:23):
of the Philippines by David Barrows, Chapter ten, Part two.
The economic policy of Spain restrictions of trade during the
closing years of the seventeenth century and the beginning of
the eighteenth commerce seems to have been actually paralyzed. That
(00:43):
brilliant trade, which is described by Morga, and which was
at its height about sixteen o five, was a few
years later defeated by the miserable economic policy of Spain,
Pandering to the demands of the merchants of Cadiz and Seville.
Spain's economic policy had only in view benefits to the peninsula.
The laws of the Indies abound with edicts for the
(01:05):
purpose of limiting and crippling colonial commerce and industry wherever
it was imagined that it might be prejudicial to the
protected industries of Spain. The manufacturers of Seville wished to
preserve the colonies, both of America and of the Indies,
as markets for their monopoly wares, and in this policy
for two centuries they had the support of the Crown.
(01:27):
The growing trade between Mexico and the Philippines had early
been regarded with suspicion, and legislation was framed to reduce
it to the lowest point compatible with the existence of
the colony. None of the colonies of America could conduct
commerce with the Philippines except Mexico, and here all communication
must pass through the port of Acapulco. This trade was
(01:49):
limited to the passage of a single vessel a year.
In sixteen o five, two galleons were permitted, but their
size was reduced to three hundred tons. They were allowed
to carry out five hundred thousand pesos of silver, but
no more than two hundred and fifty thousand pesos worth
of Chinese products could be returned. Neither the Spaniards of
(02:09):
Mexico nor any part of America could traffic directly with China,
nor could Spanish vessels pass from Manila to the ports
of Asia. Only those goods could be bought which Chinese
merchants themselves brought to the Philippines. Selfishness of merchants in Spain.
Even these restrictions did not satisfy the jealousy of the
(02:30):
merchants of Spain. They complained that the royal orders limiting
the traffic were not regarded, and they insisted upon so
vexatious a supervision of this commerce, and surrounded infractions of
the law with such terrible penalties that the trade was
not maintained even to the amount permitted by law. Spanish
merchants even went to the point of petitioning for the
(02:51):
abandonment of the Philippines on the ground that the importations
from China were prejudicial to the industry of the peninsula.
The columnists upon the Pacific coast of America suffered from
the lack of those commodities demanded by civilized life, which
could only reach them as they came from Spain through
the port of Portobello and the Isthmus of Panama. Without question,
(03:14):
an enormous and beneficial commerce could have been conducted by
the Philippines with the provinces of Western America, and here
a footnote some of the benefits of such trade set
forth by the Jesuit Alonzo de Ovaye in his Historical
Relation of the Kingdom of Chile, printed in Rome. Sixteen
forty nine. In Churchill's Collection of Voyages and Travels, Volume three,
(03:39):
trade between South America and the Philippines forbidden. But this
traffic was absolutely forbidden, and to prevent Chinese and Philippine
goods from entering South America, the trade between Mexico and
Peru was in sixteen thirty six wholly suppressed by a decree.
This decree, as it stands upon the pages of the
Great Racop Pilacion, is an epitome of the insane economic
(04:03):
policy of the Spaniard. It cites that whereas it had
been permitted that from Peru to New Spain there should
go each year two vessels for commerce and traffic to
the amount of two hundred thousand ducats, which later had
been reduced to one hundred thousand ducats, and because there
had increased in Peru to an excessive amount the commerce
(04:24):
in the fabrics of China, in spite of the many
prohibitions that had been imposed, and in order absolutely to
remove the occasion for the future, we order and command
the officers of Peru and New Spain that they invariably
prohibit and suppress this commerce and traffic between the two
kingdoms by all the channels through which it is conducted,
(04:45):
maintaining this prohibition firmly and continually for the future. And
here a footnote Rico Pilacion de las de las Indias,
Library eight, Title forty five, Law seventy eight. In seventeen eighteen,
the merchants of Seville and Cadiz still complained that their
profits were being injured by even the limited importation of
(05:07):
Chinese silks into Mexico. Thereupon, absolute prohibition of import of
Chinese silks, either woven or in thread was decreed. Only linens, spices,
and supplies of such things as were not produced in
Spain could be brought into Mexico. This order was reaffirmed
in seventeen twenty, with the provision that six months would
(05:28):
be allowed the people of Mexico to consume the Chinese
silks which they had in their possession, and thereafter all
such goods must be destroyed. Ineffectiveness of these restrictions. These measures,
while ruining the commerce of the Philippines, were as a
matter of fact, ineffective to accomplish the result desired. Contraband
(05:49):
trade between China and America sprang up in violation of
the law. Silks to the value of four million pesos
were annually smuggled into America. Here a footnote Montero y Vidal,
Historia de Philippines, volume one, page four sixty. In seventeen
(06:10):
thirty four, the volly and uselessness of such laws was
somewhat recognized by the Council of the Indies, and is
celula was issued, restoring the permission to trade in Chinese
silks and raising the value of cargoes destined for Acapulco
to five hundred thousand pesos and the quantity of silver
for return to one million pesos. The celebrated traffic of
(06:33):
the Galleon was resumed and continued until the year eighteen fifteen.
An attempt to colonize the Carolines. Southeastward of the Philippines,
in that part of the Pacific, which is known as Micronesia,
there is an archipelago of small islands called the Carolines.
The westernmost portion of this group bears the name of
(06:55):
the Pelous or Palaos. Inasmuch as these islands were eventually
acquired by Spain and remained in her possession down to
the year eighteen ninety, it may be well to state
something at this time of the attempt made by the
Jesuits in seventeen thirty one to colonize them. Certain of
these little islands were seen several times by expeditions crossing
(07:16):
the Pacific as early as the latter part of the
sixteenth century, but after the trade between Mexico and the
Philippines had been definitely settled upon, a fixed course was
followed westward from Acapulco to Guam, from which there was
little variation, and during the seventeenth century these islands passed
quite out of mind. But in the year sixteen ninety six,
(07:37):
a party of natives twenty men and ten women, were
driven by storms far from their home in the Carolines,
upon the eastern coast of Samar. It seems that similar
parties of castaways from the Pelieu and Caroline Islands had
been known to reach Mindenao and other parts of the Philippines,
and an even earlier date. These last came under the
observation of the Jesuit priests on Samar, who baptized them,
(08:00):
and learning from them of the archipelago from which they
had been carried, were filled with missionary ambition to visit
and christianize these Pacific islanders. This idea was agitated by
the Jesuits until about seventeen thirty royal permission was granted
to the enterprise. A company of Jesuits in the following
year sailed for the Ldrones and thence south until the
(08:23):
Carolines were discovered. They landed on a small island not
far from Yap. Here they succeeded in baptizing numerous natives
and in establishing a mission. Fourteen of their number, headed
by the priest Padre Cantava, remained on the island while
the expedition returned to secure reinforcements and supplies. Unfortunately, this
(08:44):
succor was delayed for more than a year, and when
Spanish vessels with missionary reinforcements on board again reached the
Carolines in seventeen thirty three, the mission had been entirely
destroyed and the Spaniards with Padre Cantaba had been killed.
These islands have been frequently called the New Philippines. Conditions
(09:05):
of the Filipinos during the eighteenth century. During the most
of the eighteenth century, data are few upon the condition
of the Filipino people, there seems to have been little progress.
Conditions certainly were against the social or intellectual advance of
the native race. Perhaps, however, their material well being was
(09:25):
quite as great during these years, when little was attempted
as during the governorships of the more ambitious and enterprising
Spaniards who had characterized the earlier period of Philippine history.
Provincial governments provincial administration seems to have fallen almost wholly
into the hands of the missionaries. The priests made themselves
(09:46):
the local rulers throughout the Christianized portion of the archipelago.
Insurrection in Bohll Insurrection seems especially to have troubled the
island of Bahall during most of the eighteenth century, and
in seventeen fifty an insurrection broke out which practically established
the independence of a large portion of the island, and
(10:08):
which was not suppressed for very many years. The trouble
arose in the town of Inebanga, where the Jesuit priest
Moraleus had greatly antagonised and embittered the natives by his severity.
Some apostatised and went to the hills. One of these
men was killed by the orders of the priest, and
his body refused Christian burial and left uncared for and exposed.
(10:31):
A brother of this man named de Gohoe, infuriated by
this indignity, headed a sedition which shortly included three thousand natives.
The priest was killed and his own body left by
the road unburied. In spite of the efforts of the
Acculde of Cebu, de Gohoy was able to maintain himself
and practically established a small native state, which remained until
(10:54):
the occupation of the island by the Recollects after the
Jesuits had been expelled from the Spanish Dominions activity of
the Jesuits during the eighteenth century, the Jesuits alone of
the religious orders, seemed to have been active in prosecuting
their efforts and seeking new fields for conversion. The sloth
and inactivity which overcame the other orders place in greater
(11:17):
contrast the ambition and the activities, both secular and spiritual,
of the Jesuits. Conversion of the Sultan alib Bundin in
seventeen forty seven, they established a mission even on Hollo.
They were unable to overcome the intense antagonism of the
Moreau Pandidas and Datos, but they apparently won the young
(11:38):
Sultan Alim Udin, whose strange story and shifting fortunes have
been variously told. One of the Jesuits, padre Veyelmi, was
skilled in the Arabic language, and this familiarity with the
language and literature of the Mohammedism doubtless explains his ascendency
over the mind of the Sultan. Alim Uddin was not
(11:58):
a strong man. His power over the subordinate datos was small,
and in seventeen forty eight his brother batilan usurped his
place and was proclaimed Sultan of Holo. Alimudin and his
family and numerous escort came to Zaboanga seeking the aid
of the Spanish against his brother. From Zabaanga, he was
(12:19):
sent to Manila. On his arrival January third, seventeen forty nine,
he was received with all the pomp and honor due
to a prince of the high rank. A house for
his entertainment and his retinue of seventy persons was prepared
in Bunondo. A public entrance was arranged, which took place
some fifteen days after his reaching the city. Triumphal arches
(12:41):
were erected across the streets, which were lined with more
than two thousand native militia under arms. The Sultan was
publicly received in the hall of the Audiencia, where the
governor promised to lay his case before the King of Spain.
The Sultan was showered with presents which included chains of gold,
fine garments, precious gems and gold canes, while the government
(13:03):
sustained the expense of his household and here a footnote
Relacion de la entrare des sultan Rey de Holo in
Archivo del Bibliofilo Filipino, Volume one. Following this reception, steps
were taken for his conversion. His spiritual advisers cited to
him the example of the Emperor Constantine, whose conversion enabled
(13:27):
him to effect triumphant conquests over his enemies. Under these representations,
Ali Mudin expressed his desire for baptism. The governor General,
who at this time was a priest, the Bishop Nuevo Segovia,
was very anxious that this rite should take place, but
this was opposed by his spiritual superior, the Archbishop of Manila,
(13:48):
who with some others entertained doubts as to the sincerity
of the Sultan's profession. In order to accomplish his baptism,
the governor sent him to his own diocese Whereat panis
Key on the twenty ninth of April seventeen fifty. The
ceremony took place with great solemnity. On the return of
the party to Manila, the Sultan was received with great pomp,
(14:10):
and in his honor were held games, theatrical representations, fireworks,
and bull fights. This was the high water mark of
the Sultan's popularity failure to reinstate Alimudin. Meanwhile, the usurper
Batilan was giving abundant evidence of his hostility. The Spaniards
were driven from Holo, and the fleets of Moros again ravaged.
(14:34):
The Besaias. In July arrived the new governor, the Marquise
de Obando, who determined to restore Ali Bundin and suppress
the Moro piracy. An expedition set sail with the Sultan
on board and went as far as Zaboanga, but accomplished nothing. Here,
the conduct of the sultans served to confirm the doubts
(14:54):
of the Spaniards as to the sincerity of his friendship.
He was arrested and returned to Manila and imprisoned in
the fortress of Santiago, with varying treatment. He remained in
the hands of the Spaniards until seventeen sixty three, when
he was returned to Holloa by the English. Great increase
in Moreau piracy, the year seventeen fifty four is stated
(15:18):
to have been the bloodiest in the history of Moreau piracy.
No part of the Besias escaped ravaging in this year,
while the Camerines, Batangas and Albey suffered equally with the rest.
The conduct of the pirates was more than ordinarily cruel.
Priests were slain, towns wholly destroyed, and thousands of captives
(15:38):
were carried south into Moreaux slavery. The condition of the
islands at the end of this year was probably the
most deplorable in their history. Reforms under General Arundia. The
demoralization and misery which Obando's rule closed, were relieved somewhat
by the capable government of Arandia, who succeeded him. Are
(16:00):
India was one of the few men of talent, energy
and integrity who stood at the head of affairs in
these islands during two centuries. He reformed the greatly disorganized
military force, establishing what was known as the Regiment of
the King, made up largely of Mexican soldiers. He also
formed a corps of artillerists composed of Filipinos. These were
(16:22):
regular troops who received from Urundia sufficient pay to enable
them to live decently and like an army. He reformed
the Arsenal at Cavite, and, in spite of opposition on
all sides, did something to infuse efficiency and honesty into
the government. At the head of the armament, which had
been sent against the Moros, he placed a Jesuit priest,
(16:44):
father Ducos, A capable officer, was also sent to command
the presidio at Zabuanga, and while moreau piracy was not stopped,
heavy retaliation was visited upon the pirates. Arandia's most popular
act of government was the expulsion of the Chinese from
the provinces, and in large part from the city. They
seemed to have had in their hands, then, perhaps even
(17:06):
more than now, the commerce or small trade between Manila
and provincial towns. To take over this trade, Arandia founded
a commercial company of Spaniards and Mestizos, which lasted only
for a year. The Christianized Chinese were allowed to remain
under license, and for those having shops in Manila Arndia
founded the Alceceria of San Fernando. It consisted of a
(17:31):
great square of shops built about an open interior, and
stood in Beinando on the site of the former Parian
in what is still a populous Chinese quarter. Death of
Arundia and decline of the colony. Arrundia died in May
seventeen fifty nine, and the government was assumed by the
Bishop of Cebu, who in turn was forced from his
(17:54):
position by the arrival of the Archbishop of Manila, Don
Montuel Rojo. The archbishop ship provoked to the celebrated orders
of good government which Our India had put into force,
and the colony promised to relapse once more into its
customary dormant condition. This was, however, prevented by an event
which brought to an end the long period of obscurity
(18:15):
and inertia under which the colony had been gradually decaying,
and introduced in a way, a new period of its history.
This was the capture of the Philippine Islands by the
British in seventeen sixty two. End of chapter ten, Part two,
A History of the Philippines by David Barrows, recording by
Gary mac fadden,
Chapter ten, Part two of A History of the Philippines.
This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please
visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by Gery macfadden. A History
(00:23):
of the Philippines by David Barrows, Chapter ten, Part two.
The economic policy of Spain restrictions of trade during the
closing years of the seventeenth century and the beginning of
the eighteenth commerce seems to have been actually paralyzed. That
(00:43):
brilliant trade, which is described by Morga, and which was
at its height about sixteen o five, was a few
years later defeated by the miserable economic policy of Spain,
Pandering to the demands of the merchants of Cadiz and Seville.
Spain's economic policy had only in view benefits to the peninsula.
The laws of the Indies abound with edicts for the
(01:05):
purpose of limiting and crippling colonial commerce and industry wherever
it was imagined that it might be prejudicial to the
protected industries of Spain. The manufacturers of Seville wished to
preserve the colonies, both of America and of the Indies,
as markets for their monopoly wares, and in this policy
for two centuries they had the support of the Crown.
(01:27):
The growing trade between Mexico and the Philippines had early
been regarded with suspicion, and legislation was framed to reduce
it to the lowest point compatible with the existence of
the colony. None of the colonies of America could conduct
commerce with the Philippines except Mexico, and here all communication
must pass through the port of Acapulco. This trade was
(01:49):
limited to the passage of a single vessel a year.
In sixteen o five, two galleons were permitted, but their
size was reduced to three hundred tons. They were allowed
to carry out five hundred thousand pesos of silver, but
no more than two hundred and fifty thousand pesos worth
of Chinese products could be returned. Neither the Spaniards of
(02:09):
Mexico nor any part of America could traffic directly with China,
nor could Spanish vessels pass from Manila to the ports
of Asia. Only those goods could be bought which Chinese
merchants themselves brought to the Philippines. Selfishness of merchants in Spain.
Even these restrictions did not satisfy the jealousy of the
(02:30):
merchants of Spain. They complained that the royal orders limiting
the traffic were not regarded, and they insisted upon so
vexatious a supervision of this commerce, and surrounded infractions of
the law with such terrible penalties that the trade was
not maintained even to the amount permitted by law. Spanish
merchants even went to the point of petitioning for the
(02:51):
abandonment of the Philippines on the ground that the importations
from China were prejudicial to the industry of the peninsula.
The columnists upon the Pacific coast of America suffered from
the lack of those commodities demanded by civilized life, which
could only reach them as they came from Spain through
the port of Portobello and the Isthmus of Panama. Without question,
(03:14):
an enormous and beneficial commerce could have been conducted by
the Philippines with the provinces of Western America, and here
a footnote some of the benefits of such trade set
forth by the Jesuit Alonzo de Ovaye in his Historical
Relation of the Kingdom of Chile, printed in Rome. Sixteen
forty nine. In Churchill's Collection of Voyages and Travels, Volume three,
(03:39):
trade between South America and the Philippines forbidden. But this
traffic was absolutely forbidden, and to prevent Chinese and Philippine
goods from entering South America, the trade between Mexico and
Peru was in sixteen thirty six wholly suppressed by a decree.
This decree, as it stands upon the pages of the
Great Racop Pilacion, is an epitome of the insane economic
(04:03):
policy of the Spaniard. It cites that whereas it had
been permitted that from Peru to New Spain there should
go each year two vessels for commerce and traffic to
the amount of two hundred thousand ducats, which later had
been reduced to one hundred thousand ducats, and because there
had increased in Peru to an excessive amount the commerce
(04:24):
in the fabrics of China, in spite of the many
prohibitions that had been imposed, and in order absolutely to
remove the occasion for the future, we order and command
the officers of Peru and New Spain that they invariably
prohibit and suppress this commerce and traffic between the two
kingdoms by all the channels through which it is conducted,
(04:45):
maintaining this prohibition firmly and continually for the future. And
here a footnote Rico Pilacion de las de las Indias,
Library eight, Title forty five, Law seventy eight. In seventeen eighteen,
the merchants of Seville and Cadiz still complained that their
profits were being injured by even the limited importation of
(05:07):
Chinese silks into Mexico. Thereupon, absolute prohibition of import of
Chinese silks, either woven or in thread was decreed. Only linens, spices,
and supplies of such things as were not produced in
Spain could be brought into Mexico. This order was reaffirmed
in seventeen twenty, with the provision that six months would
(05:28):
be allowed the people of Mexico to consume the Chinese
silks which they had in their possession, and thereafter all
such goods must be destroyed. Ineffectiveness of these restrictions. These measures,
while ruining the commerce of the Philippines, were as a
matter of fact, ineffective to accomplish the result desired. Contraband
(05:49):
trade between China and America sprang up in violation of
the law. Silks to the value of four million pesos
were annually smuggled into America. Here a footnote Montero y Vidal,
Historia de Philippines, volume one, page four sixty. In seventeen
(06:10):
thirty four, the volly and uselessness of such laws was
somewhat recognized by the Council of the Indies, and is
celula was issued, restoring the permission to trade in Chinese
silks and raising the value of cargoes destined for Acapulco
to five hundred thousand pesos and the quantity of silver
for return to one million pesos. The celebrated traffic of
(06:33):
the Galleon was resumed and continued until the year eighteen fifteen.
An attempt to colonize the Carolines. Southeastward of the Philippines,
in that part of the Pacific, which is known as Micronesia,
there is an archipelago of small islands called the Carolines.
The westernmost portion of this group bears the name of
(06:55):
the Pelous or Palaos. Inasmuch as these islands were eventually
acquired by Spain and remained in her possession down to
the year eighteen ninety, it may be well to state
something at this time of the attempt made by the
Jesuits in seventeen thirty one to colonize them. Certain of
these little islands were seen several times by expeditions crossing
(07:16):
the Pacific as early as the latter part of the
sixteenth century, but after the trade between Mexico and the
Philippines had been definitely settled upon, a fixed course was
followed westward from Acapulco to Guam, from which there was
little variation, and during the seventeenth century these islands passed
quite out of mind. But in the year sixteen ninety six,
(07:37):
a party of natives twenty men and ten women, were
driven by storms far from their home in the Carolines,
upon the eastern coast of Samar. It seems that similar
parties of castaways from the Pelieu and Caroline Islands had
been known to reach Mindenao and other parts of the Philippines,
and an even earlier date. These last came under the
observation of the Jesuit priests on Samar, who baptized them,
(08:00):
and learning from them of the archipelago from which they
had been carried, were filled with missionary ambition to visit
and christianize these Pacific islanders. This idea was agitated by
the Jesuits until about seventeen thirty royal permission was granted
to the enterprise. A company of Jesuits in the following
year sailed for the Ldrones and thence south until the
(08:23):
Carolines were discovered. They landed on a small island not
far from Yap. Here they succeeded in baptizing numerous natives
and in establishing a mission. Fourteen of their number, headed
by the priest Padre Cantava, remained on the island while
the expedition returned to secure reinforcements and supplies. Unfortunately, this
(08:44):
succor was delayed for more than a year, and when
Spanish vessels with missionary reinforcements on board again reached the
Carolines in seventeen thirty three, the mission had been entirely
destroyed and the Spaniards with Padre Cantaba had been killed.
These islands have been frequently called the New Philippines. Conditions
(09:05):
of the Filipinos during the eighteenth century. During the most
of the eighteenth century, data are few upon the condition
of the Filipino people, there seems to have been little progress.
Conditions certainly were against the social or intellectual advance of
the native race. Perhaps, however, their material well being was
(09:25):
quite as great during these years, when little was attempted
as during the governorships of the more ambitious and enterprising
Spaniards who had characterized the earlier period of Philippine history.
Provincial governments provincial administration seems to have fallen almost wholly
into the hands of the missionaries. The priests made themselves
(09:46):
the local rulers throughout the Christianized portion of the archipelago.
Insurrection in Bohll Insurrection seems especially to have troubled the
island of Bahall during most of the eighteenth century, and
in seventeen fifty an insurrection broke out which practically established
the independence of a large portion of the island, and
(10:08):
which was not suppressed for very many years. The trouble
arose in the town of Inebanga, where the Jesuit priest
Moraleus had greatly antagonised and embittered the natives by his severity.
Some apostatised and went to the hills. One of these
men was killed by the orders of the priest, and
his body refused Christian burial and left uncared for and exposed.
(10:31):
A brother of this man named de Gohoe, infuriated by
this indignity, headed a sedition which shortly included three thousand natives.
The priest was killed and his own body left by
the road unburied. In spite of the efforts of the
Acculde of Cebu, de Gohoy was able to maintain himself
and practically established a small native state, which remained until
(10:54):
the occupation of the island by the Recollects after the
Jesuits had been expelled from the Spanish Dominions activity of
the Jesuits during the eighteenth century, the Jesuits alone of
the religious orders, seemed to have been active in prosecuting
their efforts and seeking new fields for conversion. The sloth
and inactivity which overcame the other orders place in greater
(11:17):
contrast the ambition and the activities, both secular and spiritual,
of the Jesuits. Conversion of the Sultan alib Bundin in
seventeen forty seven, they established a mission even on Hollo.
They were unable to overcome the intense antagonism of the
Moreau Pandidas and Datos, but they apparently won the young
(11:38):
Sultan Alim Udin, whose strange story and shifting fortunes have
been variously told. One of the Jesuits, padre Veyelmi, was
skilled in the Arabic language, and this familiarity with the
language and literature of the Mohammedism doubtless explains his ascendency
over the mind of the Sultan. Alim Uddin was not
(11:58):
a strong man. His power over the subordinate datos was small,
and in seventeen forty eight his brother batilan usurped his
place and was proclaimed Sultan of Holo. Alimudin and his
family and numerous escort came to Zaboanga seeking the aid
of the Spanish against his brother. From Zabaanga, he was
(12:19):
sent to Manila. On his arrival January third, seventeen forty nine,
he was received with all the pomp and honor due
to a prince of the high rank. A house for
his entertainment and his retinue of seventy persons was prepared
in Bunondo. A public entrance was arranged, which took place
some fifteen days after his reaching the city. Triumphal arches
(12:41):
were erected across the streets, which were lined with more
than two thousand native militia under arms. The Sultan was
publicly received in the hall of the Audiencia, where the
governor promised to lay his case before the King of Spain.
The Sultan was showered with presents which included chains of gold,
fine garments, precious gems and gold canes, while the government
(13:03):
sustained the expense of his household and here a footnote
Relacion de la entrare des sultan Rey de Holo in
Archivo del Bibliofilo Filipino, Volume one. Following this reception, steps
were taken for his conversion. His spiritual advisers cited to
him the example of the Emperor Constantine, whose conversion enabled
(13:27):
him to effect triumphant conquests over his enemies. Under these representations,
Ali Mudin expressed his desire for baptism. The governor General,
who at this time was a priest, the Bishop Nuevo Segovia,
was very anxious that this rite should take place, but
this was opposed by his spiritual superior, the Archbishop of Manila,
(13:48):
who with some others entertained doubts as to the sincerity
of the Sultan's profession. In order to accomplish his baptism,
the governor sent him to his own diocese Whereat panis
Key on the twenty ninth of April seventeen fifty. The
ceremony took place with great solemnity. On the return of
the party to Manila, the Sultan was received with great pomp,
(14:10):
and in his honor were held games, theatrical representations, fireworks,
and bull fights. This was the high water mark of
the Sultan's popularity failure to reinstate Alimudin. Meanwhile, the usurper
Batilan was giving abundant evidence of his hostility. The Spaniards
were driven from Holo, and the fleets of Moros again ravaged.
(14:34):
The Besaias. In July arrived the new governor, the Marquise
de Obando, who determined to restore Ali Bundin and suppress
the Moro piracy. An expedition set sail with the Sultan
on board and went as far as Zaboanga, but accomplished nothing. Here,
the conduct of the sultans served to confirm the doubts
(14:54):
of the Spaniards as to the sincerity of his friendship.
He was arrested and returned to Manila and imprisoned in
the fortress of Santiago, with varying treatment. He remained in
the hands of the Spaniards until seventeen sixty three, when
he was returned to Holloa by the English. Great increase
in Moreau piracy, the year seventeen fifty four is stated
(15:18):
to have been the bloodiest in the history of Moreau piracy.
No part of the Besias escaped ravaging in this year,
while the Camerines, Batangas and Albey suffered equally with the rest.
The conduct of the pirates was more than ordinarily cruel.
Priests were slain, towns wholly destroyed, and thousands of captives
(15:38):
were carried south into Moreaux slavery. The condition of the
islands at the end of this year was probably the
most deplorable in their history. Reforms under General Arundia. The
demoralization and misery which Obando's rule closed, were relieved somewhat
by the capable government of Arandia, who succeeded him. Are
(16:00):
India was one of the few men of talent, energy
and integrity who stood at the head of affairs in
these islands during two centuries. He reformed the greatly disorganized
military force, establishing what was known as the Regiment of
the King, made up largely of Mexican soldiers. He also
formed a corps of artillerists composed of Filipinos. These were
(16:22):
regular troops who received from Urundia sufficient pay to enable
them to live decently and like an army. He reformed
the Arsenal at Cavite, and, in spite of opposition on
all sides, did something to infuse efficiency and honesty into
the government. At the head of the armament, which had
been sent against the Moros, he placed a Jesuit priest,
(16:44):
father Ducos, A capable officer, was also sent to command
the presidio at Zabuanga, and while moreau piracy was not stopped,
heavy retaliation was visited upon the pirates. Arandia's most popular
act of government was the expulsion of the Chinese from
the provinces, and in large part from the city. They
seemed to have had in their hands, then, perhaps even
(17:06):
more than now, the commerce or small trade between Manila
and provincial towns. To take over this trade, Arandia founded
a commercial company of Spaniards and Mestizos, which lasted only
for a year. The Christianized Chinese were allowed to remain
under license, and for those having shops in Manila Arndia
founded the Alceceria of San Fernando. It consisted of a
(17:31):
great square of shops built about an open interior, and
stood in Beinando on the site of the former Parian
in what is still a populous Chinese quarter. Death of
Arundia and decline of the colony. Arrundia died in May
seventeen fifty nine, and the government was assumed by the
Bishop of Cebu, who in turn was forced from his
(17:54):
position by the arrival of the Archbishop of Manila, Don
Montuel Rojo. The archbishop ship provoked to the celebrated orders
of good government which Our India had put into force,
and the colony promised to relapse once more into its
customary dormant condition. This was, however, prevented by an event
which brought to an end the long period of obscurity
(18:15):
and inertia under which the colony had been gradually decaying,
and introduced in a way, a new period of its history.
This was the capture of the Philippine Islands by the
British in seventeen sixty two. End of chapter ten, Part two,
A History of the Philippines by David Barrows, recording by
Gary mac fadden,
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