September 3, 2025 • 16 mins
Dive into a fascinating collection of letters penned by the early pioneers of Victoria, addressing the Lieutenant-Governor Charles Joseph La Trobe in response to his circular dated July 29, 1853. These correspondences provide a glimpse into the early days of the colony, its interactions with the Aboriginal community, and the perspectives of those who shaped its history. While these letters offer valuable insights, they are not without their flaws; as noted in the preface, they cannot be deemed infallible records of our past. The series concludes with a unique compilation of Aboriginal words and phrases gathered by a dedicated woman, which, though their accuracy may be uncertain, stands as a testament to her commitment to preserving cultural heritage. Remember, the views expressed in these letters reflect the sentiments of the time and may not necessarily align with modern perspectives. (Annise)
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Speaker 1 (00:01):
Section fifty one of Letters from Victorian Pioneers. This is
a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
Letters from Victorian Pioneers. Letter fifty one from A Macmillan,
(00:24):
Bushy Park, Bushy Park, twenty fifth of August eighteen fifty three.
Dear Sir, in answer to your Excellency's letter of the
twenty ninth of July, and to a note from mister
Tires on the fourteenth Instant requesting me to give, with
the least possible delay, an account of the discovery of Gippsland,
(00:49):
dates with events connected with it, the particulars of Count
Strzelitski's visit, et cetera, et cetera. I beg to forward
the accompanying memory random and trust that the information contained
in it will answer the purpose required. But should you
require anything further, I shall be happy to give a
(01:10):
more detailed account. I remain, dear Sir, your Excellency's most
obedient servant, A Macmillan two. His Excellency C. H. LA
Troube esquire memorandum of trip by A Macmillan from Manroo
District in the year eighteen thirty nine, to the southwest
of that district towards the sea coast in search of
(01:33):
new country. Start from Munroe. On the twentieth of May
eighteen thirty nine, I left Kawan, a station of James MacFarlane,
esquire GP of the Munroe District, having heard from the
natives of that district that a fine country existed near
the sea coast to the southwest of Monroe. Accompanied by
(01:57):
one black only, I was accompanied in my expedition by
Jemmy Gibber, the chief of the Maneroo tribe. After five
days journey towards the southwest, I obtained a view of
the sea from the top of a mountain near a
hill known as the Haystack in the Boccan District, and
also of the low country towards Wilson's Promontory. On the
(02:21):
sixth day after leaving Caravang, the black fellow who accompanied
me became so frightened of the Barrigals or wild blacks,
that he tried to leave me and refused to proceed
any further towards the new country. We pressed on until
the evening when we camped, and about twelve o'clock at night,
I woke up and found Jemmy Gibber in the act
(02:43):
of raising his body or club to strike me, as
he fancied that if he succeeded in killing me, he
would then be able to get back to Manero. I
presented a pistol at him, and he begged me not
to shoot him, and excused himself by saying that he
had dreamt that another blackfellow was taking away his gin,
(03:04):
and that he did not mean to kill me Omiyo.
Next morning we started from Omeo, where we arrived after
four days journey over very broken country. There were three
settlers at Omeo at this time, viz. Pender MacFarlane and
Highland Numblomunjye. On the sixteenth September eighteen thirty nine, I
(03:26):
formed a cattle station at a place called Namblamungye on
the River Tumbole fifty miles to the south of Omeo,
for Lachland mc allister, Esquire g p and mister Buckley
had previous to my arrival here formed a station ten
miles higher up the river Tumble from Nambi Munjee. On
the twenty sixth of December eighteen thirty nine, I formed
(03:50):
a party consisting of mister Cameron, mister Matthew McAllister Edward Bath,
a stockman, and myself with the view of proceeding towards
and exploring the low country I had formerly obtained a
view of from the mountain in the Buken district alluded
to in my first trip from Maner. After traveling for
(04:10):
three days over a hilly and broken country, one of
our horses met with a serious accident, tumbling down the
side of one of the steep ranges and staked itself
in four or five places. In consequence of this accident,
we were compelled to return to Namblamanji on the eleventh
(04:30):
of January eighteen forty. The same party as before was
the addition of two Omeo Blacks, Cobonjonni and Boy Priday,
started once more with the same object in view, namely
that of reaching the new country to the southwest and
if possible, to penetrate as far as Cornate Inlet, where
(04:50):
I was led to believe there existed an excellent harbor
meet with the Aborigines. After a fearful journey of four
days over some of the worst description of country, I
ever saw. We succeeded in crossing the coast range leading
down into the low country. This day we were met
by a tribe of the wild Blacks, who came up
(05:13):
quite close to us and stared at us while on horseback.
But the moment I dismounted, the commenced, yelling out and
took to their heels, running away as fast as possible.
And from the astonishment displayed at the circumstance of my
dismounting from the horse, I fancied they took both men
and horse to constitute one animal. Lake Victoria. On Wednesday,
(05:40):
the fifteenth of January, our little party encamped on the
River Tumbo, running towards the sea in a southeasterly direction.
On the morning of the sixteenth, we started down the
temple in order, if possible, took it the site of
a lake we had previously seen when descending the ranges
of the low Country, and which I was certain must
(06:01):
be in our immediate vicinity. The country passed through today
consisted of open forest, well grassed, the timber consisting chiefly
of red and white gum box he and she oak,
and occasionally wattle. At six p m. We made the
lake to which I gave the name of Lake Victoria.
(06:21):
From the appearance of this beautiful sheet of water, I
should say that it is fully twenty miles in length
and about eight miles in width. On the north side
of this lake, the country consists of beautiful open forest,
and the grass was up to our stirrupirrons as we
rode along, and was absolutely swarming with kangaroos and EMUs.
(06:44):
The lake was covered with wild ducks, swans and pelicans.
We used some of the lake water for tea, but
found it quite brackish. We remained on the margin of
the lake all night. The River Tumbo was about one
mile northeast east of our camp. The River Tambo, where
we first made it, appears to be very deep and
(07:05):
from twenty to thirty yards wide. The water is brackish
for the distance of about five miles from its mouth,
where it empties itself into Lake Victoria. Nicholson River on
the seventeenth January started from the camp and proceeded in
a southwesterly direction. At ten a m came upon another river,
(07:27):
to which I gave the name of the Nicholson after
doctor Nicholson of Sydney. This river seemed to be quite
as large as the Tambo and as deep. Finding we
were not able to cross it in the low country,
we made for the ranges, where after encountering great difficulties,
we succeeded in crossing it, but not until sundown. High
(07:49):
up in the ranges and encamped for the night. This
evening we found that from the great heat of the weather,
our small supply of meat had been quite destroyed. We were, however,
fortunate enough to obtain some wild ducks, upon which we
made an excellent supper. River Mitchell eighteenth January started again
(08:11):
upon our usual course southwest, and after traveling about seven miles,
came upon a large river, which I named the Mitchell
after Sir Thomas Mitchell, Surveyor General of New South Wales.
Cliftons Morrass. We followed this river up until we came
to a large morass, to which I gave the name
(08:32):
of Cliftons Morrass, from the circumstance of my having nearly
lost in it from its boggy nature. My favorite horse,
Clifton general view of country from a hill. Having crossed
this morass, we again proceeded on our journey for three
miles when we came once more upon the Mitchell River
higher up, and encamped for the night, the country improving
(08:55):
at every step. In the evening I ascended a hill
near the camp, from the top of which I obtained
a good view of the low country still before us,
of the high mountains to the northwest, and the lakes
stretching towards the sea coast in a south and southeasterly direction.
And from the general view of the country as I
(09:16):
then stood, it put me more in mind of the
scenery of Scotland than any other country I had hitherto seen,
and therefore I named it at the moment Caledonia Australis.
On the morning of the nineteenth January, we crossed the
Mitchell and proceeded in a south southwest course through fine
open forests of sheoak and red and white gum for
(09:39):
about sixteen miles, and encamped upon a chain of ponds.
In the evening twenty January, we proceeded in the southwest course,
and at ten a m came upon the border of
a large lake, which I believed to be a continuation
of the same lake we had been previously encamped upon
the Aborigines. While at dinner, on the banks of the lake.
(10:02):
A tribe of blacks were walking quietly up to where
we were encamped, but as soon as they saw us
on horseback, they left their rugs and spears and run away.
They never would make friends with us upon any occasion.
The River Ivan twenty first January started upon our usual
(10:22):
course southwest, and after traveling about four miles, came upon
a river flowing through a fine country of fine open
forest with high banks, to which I gave the name
of the Avon. We followed this river up all day
and crossed it about twenty miles from the foot of
the mountains. It appears to be a mountain stream, generally
(10:45):
not very deep, and runs over a bed of shingle.
The country around and beyond the place where we crossed
the Avon consists of beautiful, rich, open plains and appeared,
as far as I could judge at the time, to
extend as far as the mountains. We encamped upon these
plains for the night. From our encampment we had a
(11:07):
splendid view of the mountains, the highest of which I
named Mount Wellington, and also I named several others which
appear in the government maps published at Gippsland. Twenty second
January left the encampment on the plains and proceeded on
our usual course of southwest and traveled over a beautiful
(11:27):
country consisting of fine open plains intersected by occasional narrow
belts of open forest, extending as far as the lakes
to the eastward and stretching away west and northwest as
far as the foot of the mountains McAllister River. After
traveling about ten miles, we encamped in the evening on
(11:48):
a large stream, which I named the McAllister. This river
appears deep and rapid and is about forty yards wide.
Here we saw an immense number of fires of the
name Natives. Twenty third January started early in the morning
and tried to cross the river, but could not succeed,
and followed the river mac Allister down to its junction
(12:11):
with another very large river called the Latrobe, which river
is bounded on both sides by large morasses, meet with
Aborigines in the morass. To northeast of the river, we
saw some hundred Natives, who, upon our approach, burned their
camps and took to the scrub. We managed to overtake
(12:33):
one old man that could not walk, to whom I
gave a knife and a pair of trousers, and untevered
by every means in our power to open a communication
with the other blacks, but without success. It was amusing
to see the old man, after having shaken hands with
us all, he sought it necessary to go through the
(12:54):
same form with the horses, and shook the bridles very heartily.
The only ornaments he wore were three hands of men
and women, beautifully dried and preserved. We were busy all
the evening endeavoring to cut a bark canoe, but did
not succeed. On the morning of the twenty fourth January,
the provisions having become very short, and as some of
(13:17):
the party were unwilling to prosecute the journey upon small allowance,
I determined upon returning to the station and bringing down
stock to the district. We then returned to Namblamanji, which
place we made in seven days from the twenty fourth,
and were the last two days without any provisions at all.
(13:37):
I may add that I was the first person who
discovered Gippsland, and when I started to explore that district,
I had no guide but my pocket compass and a
chart of Captain Flinders. We had not even at tent,
but used to camp out and make raff guannas wherever
we remained for the night. On the twenty seventh March
(14:00):
eighteen forty, Count Streeleetsky and party left our station at
Namblamanji for Caledonia, Australis. He was supplied with some provisions
and a camp kettle, and mister Matthew McCallister, who was
one of my party in January of the same year,
accompanied them one day's journey, and after explaining the situation
(14:20):
and nature of the country about the different crossing places,
left them upon my tracks on the coast range leading
to Gippsland, and which tracks shortly the Sydney blackfellow who
accompanied Count Strelitski said he could easily follow on my
return to Namblamanji on the thirty first of January, after
(14:41):
having discovered the country of Gippsland as far as the
Latrobe River, I proceeded immediately to Manroe and reported my
discovery to mister McAllister, who did not publish my report
at the time. I had also written another letter to
a friend of mine in Sydney containing a description my expedition.
(15:01):
At the same time I wrote to mister mc allister,
but it unfortunately miscarried. In October eighteen forty I arrived
in Gippsland with five hundred head of cattle and formed
a station on the Avon River. After having been six
weeks engaged in clearing a road over the mountains. After
four attempts, I succeeded in discovering the present shipping place
(15:24):
at Port Albert and marked a road from thence to
Nambla Mungie, a distance of one hundred and thirty miles.
After having brought stock into the district and formed the
station in about the months of November eighteen forty, the
Aborigines attacked the station, drew the men from the hut,
and took everything from them, compelling them to retreat back
(15:46):
upon Nambla Munji. On the twenty second of December eighteen forty,
I again came down and took possession of the station
when the natives made a second attack. A macmillan n Deth,
Chapter fifty one
Section fifty one of Letters from Victorian Pioneers. This is
a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
Letters from Victorian Pioneers. Letter fifty one from A Macmillan,
(00:24):
Bushy Park, Bushy Park, twenty fifth of August eighteen fifty three.
Dear Sir, in answer to your Excellency's letter of the
twenty ninth of July, and to a note from mister
Tires on the fourteenth Instant requesting me to give, with
the least possible delay, an account of the discovery of Gippsland,
(00:49):
dates with events connected with it, the particulars of Count
Strzelitski's visit, et cetera, et cetera. I beg to forward
the accompanying memory random and trust that the information contained
in it will answer the purpose required. But should you
require anything further, I shall be happy to give a
(01:10):
more detailed account. I remain, dear Sir, your Excellency's most
obedient servant, A Macmillan two. His Excellency C. H. LA
Troube esquire memorandum of trip by A Macmillan from Manroo
District in the year eighteen thirty nine, to the southwest
of that district towards the sea coast in search of
(01:33):
new country. Start from Munroe. On the twentieth of May
eighteen thirty nine, I left Kawan, a station of James MacFarlane,
esquire GP of the Munroe District, having heard from the
natives of that district that a fine country existed near
the sea coast to the southwest of Monroe. Accompanied by
(01:57):
one black only, I was accompanied in my expedition by
Jemmy Gibber, the chief of the Maneroo tribe. After five
days journey towards the southwest, I obtained a view of
the sea from the top of a mountain near a
hill known as the Haystack in the Boccan District, and
also of the low country towards Wilson's Promontory. On the
(02:21):
sixth day after leaving Caravang, the black fellow who accompanied
me became so frightened of the Barrigals or wild blacks,
that he tried to leave me and refused to proceed
any further towards the new country. We pressed on until
the evening when we camped, and about twelve o'clock at night,
I woke up and found Jemmy Gibber in the act
(02:43):
of raising his body or club to strike me, as
he fancied that if he succeeded in killing me, he
would then be able to get back to Manero. I
presented a pistol at him, and he begged me not
to shoot him, and excused himself by saying that he
had dreamt that another blackfellow was taking away his gin,
(03:04):
and that he did not mean to kill me Omiyo.
Next morning we started from Omeo, where we arrived after
four days journey over very broken country. There were three
settlers at Omeo at this time, viz. Pender MacFarlane and
Highland Numblomunjye. On the sixteenth September eighteen thirty nine, I
(03:26):
formed a cattle station at a place called Namblamungye on
the River Tumbole fifty miles to the south of Omeo,
for Lachland mc allister, Esquire g p and mister Buckley
had previous to my arrival here formed a station ten
miles higher up the river Tumble from Nambi Munjee. On
the twenty sixth of December eighteen thirty nine, I formed
(03:50):
a party consisting of mister Cameron, mister Matthew McAllister Edward Bath,
a stockman, and myself with the view of proceeding towards
and exploring the low country I had formerly obtained a
view of from the mountain in the Buken district alluded
to in my first trip from Maner. After traveling for
(04:10):
three days over a hilly and broken country, one of
our horses met with a serious accident, tumbling down the
side of one of the steep ranges and staked itself
in four or five places. In consequence of this accident,
we were compelled to return to Namblamanji on the eleventh
(04:30):
of January eighteen forty. The same party as before was
the addition of two Omeo Blacks, Cobonjonni and Boy Priday,
started once more with the same object in view, namely
that of reaching the new country to the southwest and
if possible, to penetrate as far as Cornate Inlet, where
(04:50):
I was led to believe there existed an excellent harbor
meet with the Aborigines. After a fearful journey of four
days over some of the worst description of country, I
ever saw. We succeeded in crossing the coast range leading
down into the low country. This day we were met
by a tribe of the wild Blacks, who came up
(05:13):
quite close to us and stared at us while on horseback.
But the moment I dismounted, the commenced, yelling out and
took to their heels, running away as fast as possible.
And from the astonishment displayed at the circumstance of my
dismounting from the horse, I fancied they took both men
and horse to constitute one animal. Lake Victoria. On Wednesday,
(05:40):
the fifteenth of January, our little party encamped on the
River Tumbo, running towards the sea in a southeasterly direction.
On the morning of the sixteenth, we started down the
temple in order, if possible, took it the site of
a lake we had previously seen when descending the ranges
of the low Country, and which I was certain must
(06:01):
be in our immediate vicinity. The country passed through today
consisted of open forest, well grassed, the timber consisting chiefly
of red and white gum box he and she oak,
and occasionally wattle. At six p m. We made the
lake to which I gave the name of Lake Victoria.
(06:21):
From the appearance of this beautiful sheet of water, I
should say that it is fully twenty miles in length
and about eight miles in width. On the north side
of this lake, the country consists of beautiful open forest,
and the grass was up to our stirrupirrons as we
rode along, and was absolutely swarming with kangaroos and EMUs.
(06:44):
The lake was covered with wild ducks, swans and pelicans.
We used some of the lake water for tea, but
found it quite brackish. We remained on the margin of
the lake all night. The River Tumbo was about one
mile northeast east of our camp. The River Tambo, where
we first made it, appears to be very deep and
(07:05):
from twenty to thirty yards wide. The water is brackish
for the distance of about five miles from its mouth,
where it empties itself into Lake Victoria. Nicholson River on
the seventeenth January started from the camp and proceeded in
a southwesterly direction. At ten a m came upon another river,
(07:27):
to which I gave the name of the Nicholson after
doctor Nicholson of Sydney. This river seemed to be quite
as large as the Tambo and as deep. Finding we
were not able to cross it in the low country,
we made for the ranges, where after encountering great difficulties,
we succeeded in crossing it, but not until sundown. High
(07:49):
up in the ranges and encamped for the night. This
evening we found that from the great heat of the weather,
our small supply of meat had been quite destroyed. We were, however,
fortunate enough to obtain some wild ducks, upon which we
made an excellent supper. River Mitchell eighteenth January started again
(08:11):
upon our usual course southwest, and after traveling about seven miles,
came upon a large river, which I named the Mitchell
after Sir Thomas Mitchell, Surveyor General of New South Wales.
Cliftons Morrass. We followed this river up until we came
to a large morass, to which I gave the name
(08:32):
of Cliftons Morrass, from the circumstance of my having nearly
lost in it from its boggy nature. My favorite horse,
Clifton general view of country from a hill. Having crossed
this morass, we again proceeded on our journey for three
miles when we came once more upon the Mitchell River
higher up, and encamped for the night, the country improving
(08:55):
at every step. In the evening I ascended a hill
near the camp, from the top of which I obtained
a good view of the low country still before us,
of the high mountains to the northwest, and the lakes
stretching towards the sea coast in a south and southeasterly direction.
And from the general view of the country as I
(09:16):
then stood, it put me more in mind of the
scenery of Scotland than any other country I had hitherto seen,
and therefore I named it at the moment Caledonia Australis.
On the morning of the nineteenth January, we crossed the
Mitchell and proceeded in a south southwest course through fine
open forests of sheoak and red and white gum for
(09:39):
about sixteen miles, and encamped upon a chain of ponds.
In the evening twenty January, we proceeded in the southwest course,
and at ten a m came upon the border of
a large lake, which I believed to be a continuation
of the same lake we had been previously encamped upon
the Aborigines. While at dinner, on the banks of the lake.
(10:02):
A tribe of blacks were walking quietly up to where
we were encamped, but as soon as they saw us
on horseback, they left their rugs and spears and run away.
They never would make friends with us upon any occasion.
The River Ivan twenty first January started upon our usual
(10:22):
course southwest, and after traveling about four miles, came upon
a river flowing through a fine country of fine open
forest with high banks, to which I gave the name
of the Avon. We followed this river up all day
and crossed it about twenty miles from the foot of
the mountains. It appears to be a mountain stream, generally
(10:45):
not very deep, and runs over a bed of shingle.
The country around and beyond the place where we crossed
the Avon consists of beautiful, rich, open plains and appeared,
as far as I could judge at the time, to
extend as far as the mountains. We encamped upon these
plains for the night. From our encampment we had a
(11:07):
splendid view of the mountains, the highest of which I
named Mount Wellington, and also I named several others which
appear in the government maps published at Gippsland. Twenty second
January left the encampment on the plains and proceeded on
our usual course of southwest and traveled over a beautiful
(11:27):
country consisting of fine open plains intersected by occasional narrow
belts of open forest, extending as far as the lakes
to the eastward and stretching away west and northwest as
far as the foot of the mountains McAllister River. After
traveling about ten miles, we encamped in the evening on
(11:48):
a large stream, which I named the McAllister. This river
appears deep and rapid and is about forty yards wide.
Here we saw an immense number of fires of the
name Natives. Twenty third January started early in the morning
and tried to cross the river, but could not succeed,
and followed the river mac Allister down to its junction
(12:11):
with another very large river called the Latrobe, which river
is bounded on both sides by large morasses, meet with
Aborigines in the morass. To northeast of the river, we
saw some hundred Natives, who, upon our approach, burned their
camps and took to the scrub. We managed to overtake
(12:33):
one old man that could not walk, to whom I
gave a knife and a pair of trousers, and untevered
by every means in our power to open a communication
with the other blacks, but without success. It was amusing
to see the old man, after having shaken hands with
us all, he sought it necessary to go through the
(12:54):
same form with the horses, and shook the bridles very heartily.
The only ornaments he wore were three hands of men
and women, beautifully dried and preserved. We were busy all
the evening endeavoring to cut a bark canoe, but did
not succeed. On the morning of the twenty fourth January,
the provisions having become very short, and as some of
(13:17):
the party were unwilling to prosecute the journey upon small allowance,
I determined upon returning to the station and bringing down
stock to the district. We then returned to Namblamanji, which
place we made in seven days from the twenty fourth,
and were the last two days without any provisions at all.
(13:37):
I may add that I was the first person who
discovered Gippsland, and when I started to explore that district,
I had no guide but my pocket compass and a
chart of Captain Flinders. We had not even at tent,
but used to camp out and make raff guannas wherever
we remained for the night. On the twenty seventh March
(14:00):
eighteen forty, Count Streeleetsky and party left our station at
Namblamanji for Caledonia, Australis. He was supplied with some provisions
and a camp kettle, and mister Matthew McCallister, who was
one of my party in January of the same year,
accompanied them one day's journey, and after explaining the situation
(14:20):
and nature of the country about the different crossing places,
left them upon my tracks on the coast range leading
to Gippsland, and which tracks shortly the Sydney blackfellow who
accompanied Count Strelitski said he could easily follow on my
return to Namblamanji on the thirty first of January, after
(14:41):
having discovered the country of Gippsland as far as the
Latrobe River, I proceeded immediately to Manroe and reported my
discovery to mister McAllister, who did not publish my report
at the time. I had also written another letter to
a friend of mine in Sydney containing a description my expedition.
(15:01):
At the same time I wrote to mister mc allister,
but it unfortunately miscarried. In October eighteen forty I arrived
in Gippsland with five hundred head of cattle and formed
a station on the Avon River. After having been six
weeks engaged in clearing a road over the mountains. After
four attempts, I succeeded in discovering the present shipping place
(15:24):
at Port Albert and marked a road from thence to
Nambla Mungie, a distance of one hundred and thirty miles.
After having brought stock into the district and formed the
station in about the months of November eighteen forty, the
Aborigines attacked the station, drew the men from the hut,
and took everything from them, compelling them to retreat back
(15:46):
upon Nambla Munji. On the twenty second of December eighteen forty,
I again came down and took possession of the station
when the natives made a second attack. A macmillan n Deth,
Chapter fifty one
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