April 22, 2025 • 16 mins
Understanding Occupational Therapy and Sensory Processing in Neurodiversity
In this episode of Neurodiverse Conversations, hosts Steph and Katie delve deeper into the world of occupational therapy (OT), exploring its importance and various applications. Katie explains the diverse roles OTs play in aiding both adults and children with daily living activities, sensory processing challenges, and developmental needs.
The conversation highlights the significance of neuro affirming therapy, which focuses on respecting and validating individuals' unique neurological wiring rather than trying to change them. The episode also addresses the critical role of mental health, the impact of insurance on therapy access, and provides a comprehensive list of recommended books for parents, teachers, and caregivers to better understand neurodiversity.
00:00 Introduction to Neurodiverse Conversations
00:37 Understanding Occupational Therapy (OT)
02:28 Sensory Processing Disorder and OT for Children vs. Adults
05:32 The Concept of Neuro Affirming Therapy
12:18 The Importance of Mental Health and Support
13:58 Recommended Books for Parents and Children
16:34 Conclusion and Call to Action
Mark as Played
Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
(00:01):
Hello and welcome back.
Welcome to Neurodiverse Conversations, the podcast where we delve into the vast and unique world of neurodiversity.
I'm Steph, and today we are actually going to continue the conversation with Katie.
Today we're gonna dive in a little deeper what OT actually is, and you're probably thinking, okay.
(00:21):
This is the third episode and we're still talking about the same thing.
It's because it's really important.
And there's a lot to learn.
We don't know a fraction of what an occupational therapist can do.
So let's continue.
Hey Katie, so can you please take a minute and tell me exactly what it is occupational therapists do? What different types of jobs and skills do occupational therapies help with? So OT covers skills for the job of living.
(01:00):
This can include ADLs, which are activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, hygiene, eating toileting, or I ADLs, which are instrumental activities of daily living.
And these are things like play and leisure work, managing finances, meal prep, all of those things that are extra in our life outside of those things that are more basic.
(01:27):
So it can also include social participation, environmental modifications, assistive technology, community mobility, visual motor skills like tracking, grasping for handwriting and tool usage.
I could go on.
There are so many things that OTs can help you with, and basically it's anything that you would need to function in your daily life.
(01:50):
Okay, so when I was first introduced to occupational therapy, it was because my grandmother unfortunately had a stroke at a young age and she needed to see an occupational therapist to help her, learn how to eat and walk and, do life.
So when my daughter was introduced to occupational therapy, I was really questioning what is this? Why occupational therapy, she's not really needing help from an injury is what was going on in my mind.
(02:18):
The other piece of this is she also had sensory difficulties, sensory sensitivities, and different stuff going on.
And so I'm curious if you can touch base on telling me a little bit about sensory processing disorder.
And also like the difference between seeing an adult in OT versus a child.
(02:39):
There's gotta be a difference there.
So can you explain that to me please? Sensory processing, which is one of my main areas of focus and practice, it addresses sensory differences and collaboratively developing strategies with caregivers and clients.
So in a lot of ways.
Working as an OT with kids or the way that a child would receive occupational therapy comparing it to an adult in a lot of ways, it could be similar.
(03:09):
And helping kids and adults both overcome challenges in their lives and making sure that they're functioning to their fullest capacity and addressing those various areas of support.
But in your daughter's case, it wasn't necessarily recovering from an injury or a disease state, such as your grandmother, but more developmental in nature based on the way that she was processing her world, even at a young age and the challenging areas that she needed support in.
(03:37):
So maybe it wasn't necessarily, she used to be able to brush her teeth and now brushing her teeth feels hard.
It's the act of starting to brush her teeth is just feeling really hard and figuring out why.
Maybe she can actually bring her hand to her mouth, but getting in her mouth, it is so overstimulating for her.
(03:59):
And that's where that sensory piece comes in as well.
So we get a very basic overview.
In school, we learn about different theories, frameworks, and conditions.
But it's funny, I can remember a professor that was our Anatomy and neurology professor, and he called Sensory work voodoo.
(04:19):
He was just, brushed it off oh, this is just silly work.
But reflecting back on it now, I think what his point, reflecting back on it now, I think what his point was is that we aren't curing or changing children's unique wiring or neurology.
And in that way, I agree with that because I think that's what a lot of people go to see an OT for sometimes is to fix a problem, right? Like you wanna be a solution finder.
(04:48):
But when it comes to sensory differences, really it's about helping.
Build upon the current strengths and the current wiring that the child has, help them within that develop the skills needed for life and develop strategies and accommodations for life without changing who they are to their core.
(05:08):
So this is really embarrassing, but I'm gonna let everybody know this.
When I first started on this journey, I did not know what neuro affirming therapist meant.
I do now, but in case anyone else doesn't know or doesn't understand.
Let me be the person that asked that question for you and you won't feel so alone.
(05:32):
Katie, can you tell me what a neuro affirming therapist actually is and why does it matter? A neuro affirming therapist to me is looking through the lens of validation and respect, and I use the word ableism as well here because.
As a society, there's a lot of perceptions out there that still exist that, neurotypical is a better way to be.
(06:01):
And there's a lot of discrimination that happens against disabled people.
Neurodivergent people, like anyone that is not that, ideal person that can walk a certain way, talk a certain way, do life a certain way.
They're discriminated against, and that's that ableism perspective that many of us are working to shift and help people understand that there is no one right way to be or to live your life.
(06:30):
That there is beautiful differences in wiring and neurodiversity.
In our world and it's not a thing to be judgemental against or discriminate against.
And so I think there's a lot of, controversial thought processes, especially in the media right now and opinions speaking out that make me really step back and realize whoa, really people do, I can get wrapped up in my little world of advocacy and speaking to autistic people and other neuro divergences and.
(07:03):
And, being in this, I'm gonna say rainbow butterfly, like good, all this good stuff is happening, like people are, but.
I think there's still so much work to be done because outside of that bubble that I'm in and the conversations that I have with you, dare I say, most people do not think in the way of n neurodiversity and understanding that there is natural variations in brain.
(07:27):
Wiring and there's so much discrimination happening, whether or not people realize it or not, I think it's so deeply rooted, unfortunately, in our society, and that's where we hope that this podcast too, will help.
Help people be able to, open minds and grow together, and there's no judgment, And it's not a place of criticism.
(07:50):
It's a place of let's listen and we can do better.
So for me it's just years of messaging, that we live in a society that values.
Certain accomplishments and ways of being and that there's some ideal way to be, and that if you don't fit that model, then you're less than.
So when we are going again to fix an individual so they fi so that they fit society's idea of what they should be.
(08:13):
That they'll have a great life when in reality the person is absolutely enough as they are.
oh yeah, absolutely.
For a lot of us, these are not things that we were ever really talked about or discussed because I don't think the everyday average family, is discussing sensory needs and ot and, these different perspectives on not only life, but like raising your children.
(08:43):
It would be great for others to gain perspective on what it really is to be autistic.
Have a DHD or B-A-D-H-D, that these are neuro types, different ways of being and seeing the world, and they do vary in different abilities, disabilities, but I wanna see more understanding and more acceptance and more knowledge there because we can have these interactions and acceptance through that knowledge.
(09:22):
I am a big believer that we really fear things that we don't know anything about.
So let's try to learn about each other the best that we can.
And love each other the best that we can.
Especially if you're somebody who is a teacher or you work with children, you work with families.
It is a really great goal, I believe, for all of us collectively to understand really what neuro affirming means.
(09:53):
This also takes into account as an ot, standardized assessments.
There's so many, that especially that we're taught in school too, these standardized assessments of you have to, stack certain.
Amount of blocks by a certain age, let's say your string beads or cut or do the, hit these milestones by a certain point.
But a neuro affirming therapist will look at all neuro types and see the person as whole and works to understand their unique, the person's unique experience and ways of thinking about the world learning styles and processing the world and not pit that the standardized scores against that person, because stacking blocks to that person.
(10:32):
It may not make sense or it may be really boring or, when you look at a neurodivergent individual, we look at meaning behind it, like stacking blocks.
What purpose does that serve? Especially to someone who values other things.
And so it's looking at a strengths based approach instead of a deficit based approach, which is traditionally, and typically what insurance will look for is all of the deficits that kids have, and then they will qualify for support based on.
(11:01):
They're deficits, which is such a yucky way to look at it.
But that's what it is right now.
Yeah, I'm gonna actually just jump in right here real quick, if you don't mind, Katie.
And yeah, insurance can really play a big role in many things if you don't have a diagnosis and you're not meeting these, deficits, right? Like you said, yucky word, but that's what they're looking for.
(11:23):
You don't qualify for some of the support, and that's not fair.
You don't need to have a diagnosis to receive support.
I believe everyone should have the chance to grow and learn and have all of the same opportunities.
(11:45):
Katie and I have a nonprofit called Living Balanced.
And that is exactly what the living balance does.
We raise money to help families have access they need to therapy any kind of therapy, mental, physical, occupational speech, all of it.
(12:09):
And this is all very important for mental health in everyone, for all of us, our wellbeing as a whole.
So all of this is important because mental health, y'all, mental health, making sure that everyone is seen as whole and valid and that they have the support where it's needed.
It also helps kids acknowledge early on not to disassociate from their sensations in their bodies just for the sake of complying to other people's needs.
(12:43):
Allows for interoception work of your body and honoring what matters so that you can advocate for yourself.
Because when we only rely on what other people tell us to do and it doesn't feel right to our body, we can learn to not trust ourselves, which leads to negative mental health outcomes, and that's really problematic.
(13:04):
So it really.
Provides a massive perspective shift of, let's say your child is always cartwheeling or spinning or moving around, figuring out what is it that they need more of to fill that sensory cup and make sure that they have a greater capacity to achieve or, interact or be around like the things that are meaningful to them versus this problematic way that they are.
(13:30):
Absolutely the mental health aspect of this is a big one for me too.
Teaching children that what they really are feeling is valid and it's okay to say no when you're not feeling comfortable or if something does hurt.
So I'm really big on reading up on this information.
And I also like to have a different perspective on the different books I should be reading other than the ones that I'm just picking out for myself.
(13:58):
So I'm curious, do you have any favorite books that you would say parents should read for themselves or for their children or even to their children? Oh my favorite OT book or books that I recommend to parents.
Okay.
So I was gifted a few books early on in my career and I learned a lot from them.
But looking back, some of them were written partly in deficit-based language and there are some books that I recommend to parents and teachers and caregivers now, and those are the explosive child and raising human beings by Dr.
(14:30):
Ross Green.
Love his work, love his language, love his neuro affirming way about him and just.
The collaborative approach is so important because it allows for all parties to be heard and seen and deciding on what decision makes the most sense or what shift or change in the family or the classroom, and getting everyone on board and involved versus.
(14:56):
You need to do this because I said so.
Okay.
And then Beyond Behaviors by Mona De La Hook, which brings in the sensory conversation, which is amazing because it talks about the different pathways in your brain.
So this is good for everybody.
Listen to, it's so important for everyone to understand low demand parenting, which is when you recommended to me Steph by Amanda Deman.
(15:19):
It's good for everybody again to really.
Reduce and understand burnout and how that happens and how we can work through that and figure out what demands are actually necessary.
Dys less dyslexic advantage by Brock Eye is also really good.
Again, taking a strength-based approach to a neuro divergent brain.
(15:40):
And some children's books that I really recommend.
And if you guys want any lists or anything like this, any listeners want any lists of any of these books message Step or I, and we will get those over to you.
So some children's books.
I love my brother Otto.
By Meg Raby.
I also did an interview with her.
I'm hoping to have her on the show too because she is just an incredible human being and my kids love those books.
(16:04):
And I cried during reading the birthday Party one, and it's just so beautiful a Day With No Words by Tiffany Hammond Bitsy Bat Team Star by Caz Ness or Winni.
Charlie's balloons by Sarah Digi.
I want to Dance in Pants by Jess Hernandez.
So all of those are really good.
(16:25):
And of course there are tons and tons of books on sensory differences and all different neuro divergences.
So if you want more details, we can send those your way.
Thank you for joining us today.
We hope today's information was informative and helpful to our listeners, if you like today's episode, please give us a follow-up.
Share this episode or subscribe to Neurodiverse Conversations anywhere you listen to your podcast.
(16:48):
If you're interested in any of the books recommended in today's podcast, Please see our show notes for details.
Again, thank you for listening and stay neurodiverse my friends.
Hello and welcome back.
Welcome to Neurodiverse Conversations, the podcast where we delve into the vast and unique world of neurodiversity.
I'm Steph, and today we are actually going to continue the conversation with Katie.
Today we're gonna dive in a little deeper what OT actually is, and you're probably thinking, okay.
(00:21):
This is the third episode and we're still talking about the same thing.
It's because it's really important.
And there's a lot to learn.
We don't know a fraction of what an occupational therapist can do.
So let's continue.
Hey Katie, so can you please take a minute and tell me exactly what it is occupational therapists do? What different types of jobs and skills do occupational therapies help with? So OT covers skills for the job of living.
(01:00):
This can include ADLs, which are activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, hygiene, eating toileting, or I ADLs, which are instrumental activities of daily living.
And these are things like play and leisure work, managing finances, meal prep, all of those things that are extra in our life outside of those things that are more basic.
(01:27):
So it can also include social participation, environmental modifications, assistive technology, community mobility, visual motor skills like tracking, grasping for handwriting and tool usage.
I could go on.
There are so many things that OTs can help you with, and basically it's anything that you would need to function in your daily life.
(01:50):
Okay, so when I was first introduced to occupational therapy, it was because my grandmother unfortunately had a stroke at a young age and she needed to see an occupational therapist to help her, learn how to eat and walk and, do life.
So when my daughter was introduced to occupational therapy, I was really questioning what is this? Why occupational therapy, she's not really needing help from an injury is what was going on in my mind.
(02:18):
The other piece of this is she also had sensory difficulties, sensory sensitivities, and different stuff going on.
And so I'm curious if you can touch base on telling me a little bit about sensory processing disorder.
And also like the difference between seeing an adult in OT versus a child.
(02:39):
There's gotta be a difference there.
So can you explain that to me please? Sensory processing, which is one of my main areas of focus and practice, it addresses sensory differences and collaboratively developing strategies with caregivers and clients.
So in a lot of ways.
Working as an OT with kids or the way that a child would receive occupational therapy comparing it to an adult in a lot of ways, it could be similar.
(03:09):
And helping kids and adults both overcome challenges in their lives and making sure that they're functioning to their fullest capacity and addressing those various areas of support.
But in your daughter's case, it wasn't necessarily recovering from an injury or a disease state, such as your grandmother, but more developmental in nature based on the way that she was processing her world, even at a young age and the challenging areas that she needed support in.
(03:37):
So maybe it wasn't necessarily, she used to be able to brush her teeth and now brushing her teeth feels hard.
It's the act of starting to brush her teeth is just feeling really hard and figuring out why.
Maybe she can actually bring her hand to her mouth, but getting in her mouth, it is so overstimulating for her.
(03:59):
And that's where that sensory piece comes in as well.
So we get a very basic overview.
In school, we learn about different theories, frameworks, and conditions.
But it's funny, I can remember a professor that was our Anatomy and neurology professor, and he called Sensory work voodoo.
(04:19):
He was just, brushed it off oh, this is just silly work.
But reflecting back on it now, I think what his point, reflecting back on it now, I think what his point was is that we aren't curing or changing children's unique wiring or neurology.
And in that way, I agree with that because I think that's what a lot of people go to see an OT for sometimes is to fix a problem, right? Like you wanna be a solution finder.
(04:48):
But when it comes to sensory differences, really it's about helping.
Build upon the current strengths and the current wiring that the child has, help them within that develop the skills needed for life and develop strategies and accommodations for life without changing who they are to their core.
(05:08):
So this is really embarrassing, but I'm gonna let everybody know this.
When I first started on this journey, I did not know what neuro affirming therapist meant.
I do now, but in case anyone else doesn't know or doesn't understand.
Let me be the person that asked that question for you and you won't feel so alone.
(05:32):
Katie, can you tell me what a neuro affirming therapist actually is and why does it matter? A neuro affirming therapist to me is looking through the lens of validation and respect, and I use the word ableism as well here because.
As a society, there's a lot of perceptions out there that still exist that, neurotypical is a better way to be.
(06:01):
And there's a lot of discrimination that happens against disabled people.
Neurodivergent people, like anyone that is not that, ideal person that can walk a certain way, talk a certain way, do life a certain way.
They're discriminated against, and that's that ableism perspective that many of us are working to shift and help people understand that there is no one right way to be or to live your life.
(06:30):
That there is beautiful differences in wiring and neurodiversity.
In our world and it's not a thing to be judgemental against or discriminate against.
And so I think there's a lot of, controversial thought processes, especially in the media right now and opinions speaking out that make me really step back and realize whoa, really people do, I can get wrapped up in my little world of advocacy and speaking to autistic people and other neuro divergences and.
(07:03):
And, being in this, I'm gonna say rainbow butterfly, like good, all this good stuff is happening, like people are, but.
I think there's still so much work to be done because outside of that bubble that I'm in and the conversations that I have with you, dare I say, most people do not think in the way of n neurodiversity and understanding that there is natural variations in brain.
(07:27):
Wiring and there's so much discrimination happening, whether or not people realize it or not, I think it's so deeply rooted, unfortunately, in our society, and that's where we hope that this podcast too, will help.
Help people be able to, open minds and grow together, and there's no judgment, And it's not a place of criticism.
(07:50):
It's a place of let's listen and we can do better.
So for me it's just years of messaging, that we live in a society that values.
Certain accomplishments and ways of being and that there's some ideal way to be, and that if you don't fit that model, then you're less than.
So when we are going again to fix an individual so they fi so that they fit society's idea of what they should be.
(08:13):
That they'll have a great life when in reality the person is absolutely enough as they are.
oh yeah, absolutely.
For a lot of us, these are not things that we were ever really talked about or discussed because I don't think the everyday average family, is discussing sensory needs and ot and, these different perspectives on not only life, but like raising your children.
(08:43):
It would be great for others to gain perspective on what it really is to be autistic.
Have a DHD or B-A-D-H-D, that these are neuro types, different ways of being and seeing the world, and they do vary in different abilities, disabilities, but I wanna see more understanding and more acceptance and more knowledge there because we can have these interactions and acceptance through that knowledge.
(09:22):
I am a big believer that we really fear things that we don't know anything about.
So let's try to learn about each other the best that we can.
And love each other the best that we can.
Especially if you're somebody who is a teacher or you work with children, you work with families.
It is a really great goal, I believe, for all of us collectively to understand really what neuro affirming means.
(09:53):
This also takes into account as an ot, standardized assessments.
There's so many, that especially that we're taught in school too, these standardized assessments of you have to, stack certain.
Amount of blocks by a certain age, let's say your string beads or cut or do the, hit these milestones by a certain point.
But a neuro affirming therapist will look at all neuro types and see the person as whole and works to understand their unique, the person's unique experience and ways of thinking about the world learning styles and processing the world and not pit that the standardized scores against that person, because stacking blocks to that person.
(10:32):
It may not make sense or it may be really boring or, when you look at a neurodivergent individual, we look at meaning behind it, like stacking blocks.
What purpose does that serve? Especially to someone who values other things.
And so it's looking at a strengths based approach instead of a deficit based approach, which is traditionally, and typically what insurance will look for is all of the deficits that kids have, and then they will qualify for support based on.
(11:01):
They're deficits, which is such a yucky way to look at it.
But that's what it is right now.
Yeah, I'm gonna actually just jump in right here real quick, if you don't mind, Katie.
And yeah, insurance can really play a big role in many things if you don't have a diagnosis and you're not meeting these, deficits, right? Like you said, yucky word, but that's what they're looking for.
(11:23):
You don't qualify for some of the support, and that's not fair.
You don't need to have a diagnosis to receive support.
I believe everyone should have the chance to grow and learn and have all of the same opportunities.
(11:45):
Katie and I have a nonprofit called Living Balanced.
And that is exactly what the living balance does.
We raise money to help families have access they need to therapy any kind of therapy, mental, physical, occupational speech, all of it.
(12:09):
And this is all very important for mental health in everyone, for all of us, our wellbeing as a whole.
So all of this is important because mental health, y'all, mental health, making sure that everyone is seen as whole and valid and that they have the support where it's needed.
It also helps kids acknowledge early on not to disassociate from their sensations in their bodies just for the sake of complying to other people's needs.
(12:43):
Allows for interoception work of your body and honoring what matters so that you can advocate for yourself.
Because when we only rely on what other people tell us to do and it doesn't feel right to our body, we can learn to not trust ourselves, which leads to negative mental health outcomes, and that's really problematic.
(13:04):
So it really.
Provides a massive perspective shift of, let's say your child is always cartwheeling or spinning or moving around, figuring out what is it that they need more of to fill that sensory cup and make sure that they have a greater capacity to achieve or, interact or be around like the things that are meaningful to them versus this problematic way that they are.
(13:30):
Absolutely the mental health aspect of this is a big one for me too.
Teaching children that what they really are feeling is valid and it's okay to say no when you're not feeling comfortable or if something does hurt.
So I'm really big on reading up on this information.
And I also like to have a different perspective on the different books I should be reading other than the ones that I'm just picking out for myself.
(13:58):
So I'm curious, do you have any favorite books that you would say parents should read for themselves or for their children or even to their children? Oh my favorite OT book or books that I recommend to parents.
Okay.
So I was gifted a few books early on in my career and I learned a lot from them.
But looking back, some of them were written partly in deficit-based language and there are some books that I recommend to parents and teachers and caregivers now, and those are the explosive child and raising human beings by Dr.
(14:30):
Ross Green.
Love his work, love his language, love his neuro affirming way about him and just.
The collaborative approach is so important because it allows for all parties to be heard and seen and deciding on what decision makes the most sense or what shift or change in the family or the classroom, and getting everyone on board and involved versus.
(14:56):
You need to do this because I said so.
Okay.
And then Beyond Behaviors by Mona De La Hook, which brings in the sensory conversation, which is amazing because it talks about the different pathways in your brain.
So this is good for everybody.
Listen to, it's so important for everyone to understand low demand parenting, which is when you recommended to me Steph by Amanda Deman.
(15:19):
It's good for everybody again to really.
Reduce and understand burnout and how that happens and how we can work through that and figure out what demands are actually necessary.
Dys less dyslexic advantage by Brock Eye is also really good.
Again, taking a strength-based approach to a neuro divergent brain.
(15:40):
And some children's books that I really recommend.
And if you guys want any lists or anything like this, any listeners want any lists of any of these books message Step or I, and we will get those over to you.
So some children's books.
I love my brother Otto.
By Meg Raby.
I also did an interview with her.
I'm hoping to have her on the show too because she is just an incredible human being and my kids love those books.
(16:04):
And I cried during reading the birthday Party one, and it's just so beautiful a Day With No Words by Tiffany Hammond Bitsy Bat Team Star by Caz Ness or Winni.
Charlie's balloons by Sarah Digi.
I want to Dance in Pants by Jess Hernandez.
So all of those are really good.
(16:25):
And of course there are tons and tons of books on sensory differences and all different neuro divergences.
So if you want more details, we can send those your way.
Thank you for joining us today.
We hope today's information was informative and helpful to our listeners, if you like today's episode, please give us a follow-up.
Share this episode or subscribe to Neurodiverse Conversations anywhere you listen to your podcast.
(16:48):
If you're interested in any of the books recommended in today's podcast, Please see our show notes for details.
Again, thank you for listening and stay neurodiverse my friends.
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