September 12, 2025 • 12 mins
The earliest rock art - in the Americas as elsewhere - is geometric or abstract. Until Early Rock Art in the American West, however, no book-length study has been devoted to the deep antiquity and amazing range of geometrics and the fascinating questions that arise from their ubiquity and variety. Why did they precede representational marks? What is known about their origins and functions? Why and how did humans begin to make marks, and what does this practice tell us about the early human mind?
With some two hundred striking color images and discussions of chronology, dating, sites, and styles, this pioneering investigation of abstract geometrics on stone (as well as bone, ivory, and shell) explores its wide-ranging subject from the perspectives of ethology, evolutionary biology, cognitive archaeology, and the psychology of artmaking. The authors’ unique approach instills a greater respect for a largely unknown and underappreciated form of paleoart, suggesting that before humans became Homo symbolicus or even Homo religiosus, they were mark-makers - Homo aestheticus.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/quantum-akashic-network--6730906/support.
Thank you for Listening
With some two hundred striking color images and discussions of chronology, dating, sites, and styles, this pioneering investigation of abstract geometrics on stone (as well as bone, ivory, and shell) explores its wide-ranging subject from the perspectives of ethology, evolutionary biology, cognitive archaeology, and the psychology of artmaking. The authors’ unique approach instills a greater respect for a largely unknown and underappreciated form of paleoart, suggesting that before humans became Homo symbolicus or even Homo religiosus, they were mark-makers - Homo aestheticus.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/quantum-akashic-network--6730906/support.
Thank you for Listening
Mark as Played
Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Hey, there, I ever feel like digging into a good mystery, Well,
buckle up, because today's deep dive takes us straight into
the heart of the American West, thousands of years back
in time. We're talking ancient rock art, but not just
any doodles. We're diving into the geometric enigma, these crazy
old markings that predate even the Pyramids.
Speaker 2 (00:21):
You with me absolutely, the fact that humans were etching
these intricate patterns into rock surfaces, like when wooly mammoths
still roam the earth. It's pretty mind boggling, isn't it?
Speaker 1 (00:31):
Totally? And you wouldn't believe some of the theories folks
have about these markings. Some say it's ancient language, others
think it's all about hunting magic, and then there's this
whole hallucination connection wild.
Speaker 2 (00:40):
Right, so real head scratcher. But instead instead of getting
lost in the weeds of you know, what's the right interpretation,
the authors of early rock Art of the American West
offer a really cool perspective. They call it artification.
Speaker 1 (00:56):
Artification o tam all ears.
Speaker 2 (00:58):
So instead of getting bogged down in you know, defining
art itself, they focus on the act of making something
special imbuing it with meaning. Think of it like this.
Remember when you were a kid and you'd build a
pillow for it. It wasn't just a pile of pillows.
It was your castle, your spaceship, your secret hideout.
Speaker 1 (01:16):
Oh yeah, I was a master Ford builder.
Speaker 2 (01:18):
Exactly. You were artifying those pillows, transforming them into something extraordinary.
And the author suggests that's what our ancestors were doing
with those rock carvings, taking something ordinary like a blank
rock face, and transforming it into something meaningful.
Speaker 1 (01:32):
Okay, that makes sense. But how does this whole artification
thing connect to, you know, survival? Like did carving a
spiral on a rock help early humans find food or something?
Speaker 2 (01:43):
That's the million dollar question, right. The book dives into
some fascinating possibilities. One theory is that these markings helped
early humans bond with each other, strengthening their social ties.
Imagine a group working together to create these intricate designs.
That kind of shared experience could have been a powerful
way to build a sense of community and belonging. And
(02:04):
in those days, a strong community meant a better chance
of survival.
Speaker 1 (02:08):
Right. It's like that feeling you get when you're working
on a group project and everyone's in sync. It builds
camaraderie so strong social bonds. Check what other survival advantages
might this this artification thing it provided?
Speaker 2 (02:21):
Well, Some researchers believe these markings were a way to
communicate with other bands of humans, kind of like early billboards,
Hey we were here, or maybe even good hunting grounds.
Speaker 1 (02:32):
This way I see, like leaving a message for the
next group passing through. So it could have been about
marking territory or even sharing vital information exactly.
Speaker 2 (02:40):
And don't forget that life for early humans was was tough.
They faced constant challenges scarcity of food, dangerous predators, unpredictable weather.
Creating these markings taking the time to imbue their world
with meaning and beauty might have also been a way
to cope with those challenges, to find a sense of
order and purpose in a chaotic world.
Speaker 1 (03:01):
Wow, that's profound. Okay, So artification, this act of making
things special could have helped early humans survive by strengthening
their social bonds, communicating with others, and even finding a
sense of purpose and a challenging world. That's pretty amazing.
But how do we even know how old these markings are?
Speaker 2 (03:20):
Dating rock art is a bit like trying to solve
a puzzle with half the pieces missing. You can't just
carbon date the etchings themselves, so archaeologists have to get creative.
They look at things like the weathering of the rock,
any any overlapping designs that suggest one was made after another,
and even analyze the varnish that builds up on the
surface over time.
Speaker 1 (03:41):
So it's a whole detective process.
Speaker 2 (03:43):
Precisely, and while these methods might not pinpoint an exact date,
they can give us a pretty good idea of the
relative age of different markings and how these artistic traditions
might have evolved over time.
Speaker 1 (03:53):
That's incredible. Okay, so we've established that these markings are
ancient and this whole artification thing was a big deal.
But what were they actually trying to communicate? Were they
sending messages, telling stories, recording their grocery lists? I gotta
know you and me both.
Speaker 2 (04:12):
That's where things get really interesting, and we dive into
the mystery of these geometric patterns.
Speaker 1 (04:18):
Because, let's be honest, spirals, zigzags, grids, they're not exactly
the most straightforward forms of.
Speaker 2 (04:25):
Communication, right, You're right, They're not exactly tweeting out their
breakfast menu. But that's what makes these patterns so fascinating.
They're found all over the world, across different cultures and
time periods, which makes some researchers wonder, what if these
shapes aren't aren't random doodles, but something more profound.
Speaker 1 (04:43):
Okay, now we're getting to the good stuff. You're about
to blow my mind, aren't.
Speaker 2 (04:47):
You get this? What if these patterns are hardwired into
our brains. There's a theory that certain parts of our brains,
the parts that process visual information, are naturally drawn to
these geometric shapes, even without any external stimuli.
Speaker 1 (05:02):
Wait, so you're saying that these spirals and zigzags might
be like the visual language of our brains.
Speaker 2 (05:07):
That's the idea. They're called phosphenes. These shapes we see
when we close our eyes during migraines or even even
as some people report during near death experiences. And guess what,
they often resemble the exact same patterns found in rock art.
Speaker 1 (05:23):
WHOA, that's wild. So our ancestors could have been chiseling
these patterns into rock not because they represent something specific
in the outside world, but because they reflect something fundamental
about how our brains perceive reality exactly.
Speaker 2 (05:35):
It's like they're giving us a glimpse into their minds,
showing us the world through their eyes, or rather through
the unique wiring of their brains.
Speaker 1 (05:44):
That's incredible, you know, when you think about it, it
makes perfect sense. Even today, we're drawn to patterns in nature,
in art, in music. Maybe it's something something primal, something
embedded deep within us.
Speaker 2 (05:56):
And that brings us to one of the most common
interpretations of rock art, shamanism. Many many believe these markings
represent the visions and experiences of shamans in altered states
of consciousness, right, like.
Speaker 1 (06:11):
They were taking some ancient version of ayahuasca and seeing
these patterns during their spiritual journeys exactly.
Speaker 2 (06:17):
And while the book acknowledges that shamanism might explain some
rock art, particularly particularly those depicting figures or animals, they
encourage us to be cautious when it comes to interpreting
these purely geometric patterns.
Speaker 1 (06:32):
So just because these shapes might resemble what someone might
see in a trance doesn't automatically mean they were created
by shamans.
Speaker 2 (06:40):
Right. The authors argue that attributing every spiral and grid
to shamanism can be a bit of a leap. It's
important to consider other possibilities and avoid imposing our modern
interpretations on these ancient markings.
Speaker 1 (06:54):
I see their point. So if we're not going to
interpret these patterns literally as messages or stories, and we're
being cautious about the shamanism angle, then was left how
can we even begin to understand the meaning behind these markings.
Speaker 2 (07:07):
That's where things get really exciting, because it challenges us
to think differently about art and meaning. Maybe it's not
about finding a definitive answer, a precise translation. Maybe it's
about appreciating the mystery, the ambiguity, the fact that these
markings have resonated with humans across cultures and time periods
for reasons we may never fully grasp.
Speaker 1 (07:29):
Okay, I can get behind that. There's a certain beauty
in not knowing, in letting the mystery linger. But I
have to ask. The book focuses on the American West,
what about rock art from other parts of the world?
Are there any connections?
Speaker 2 (07:41):
That's a great question, and it brings us to what
I think is one of the most mind blowing takeaways
from the book. While while early rock art of the
American West focuses on a specific geographic region. It acknowledges
that these geometric patterns, the spirals, the zigzags, the grids
are found in rock, are all over the planet.
Speaker 1 (07:59):
No way, you're kidding me. So we're talking every continent,
different cultures, all all creating similar patterns.
Speaker 2 (08:05):
You got it. From the caves of Europe to the
Australian out back. These shapes pop up again and again,
and that leads us to a pretty incredible possibility.
Speaker 1 (08:14):
Let me guess, these patterns are so universal, so widespread,
that they must reflect something fundamental about the human experience,
something that transcends time and culture.
Speaker 2 (08:25):
You nailed it. The authors propose that these markings represent
some of the earliest forms of visual thinking, a way
for our ancestors to externalize their thoughts and perceptions long
before long before written language. Imagine these markings could be
the echoes of the very first sparks of human consciousness.
Speaker 1 (08:43):
Wow, that's heavy stuff. So instead of seeing them as
individual messages or stories, we can view these markings as
a as a window into the shared human experience, a
testament to the power of the human mind to find
meaning and create beauty even in the most challenging circumstances.
Speaker 2 (09:00):
Exactly, and that's that's a powerful message for us today,
especially in a world that often feels feels fractured and divided.
These ancient markings remind us that beneath our differences, we
share a common humanity, a shared capacity for wonder, creativity,
and connection.
Speaker 1 (09:17):
That's a beautiful thought. But before we get to philosophical
there's one more thing I want to ask about portable art.
The book mentioned these incredible engraved stones and other small objects.
What's the deal with those?
Speaker 2 (09:28):
Ah? Yes, portable art is like this whole other dimension
of early human creativity, and it suggests that this drive
to artify wasn't limited to just rock surfaces. They were
decorating their bodies, their tools, carrying around these small, meaningful objects. Imagine,
imagine the stories these objects could tell.
Speaker 1 (09:46):
It's like they were carrying around little pieces of art,
little talismans of meaning and beauty precisely.
Speaker 2 (09:52):
And what's even more fascinating is that these objects, some
dating back tens of thousands of years, feature the same
geometric patterns found in rock art. It strengthens the idea
that these shapes weren't random doodles, but held deep significance
for our ancestors.
Speaker 1 (10:05):
So portable art reinforces this idea of a of a
universal visual language, a way for early humans to carry
meaning and beauty with them wherever they went.
Speaker 2 (10:15):
That's that's amazing. It really, it really adds a whole
other layer to the mystery, doesn't it. It's like these
ancient artists were carrying around like their own personal art galleries.
Speaker 1 (10:24):
Right. It's it's easy to forget that these early humans
were just as human as we are, with their own
sense of aesthetics and and desire to uh to personalize
their world.
Speaker 2 (10:34):
Absolutely. Okay, so we've we've covered a lot of ground
in this deep dive artification, those those mind bending geometric patterns,
even even portable art. What's the what's the biggest takeaway
you hope listeners walk away with? For me, it's the
it's the reminder that art isn't just something we we
hang on walls or put in museums. It's it's a
fundamental part of of what makes us, uh, what makes
(10:57):
us human. It's about making the world around us meaningful,
connecting with each other, and expressing something deeper about ourselves.
Speaker 1 (11:03):
I love that, and what I find truly inspiring is
that This impulse to create, to artify, has been with
us since, like the dawn of our species. These ancient
markings are a testament to the enduring power of the
human spirit, a reminder that we're all connected through this
long and winding story of human creativity.
Speaker 2 (11:22):
Beautifully said, it makes you wonder, thousands of years from now,
what will archaeologists make of our graffiti, our tattoos, are
our digital art. What will those markings say about who
we were and what we valued?
Speaker 1 (11:35):
Now, that's a question to ponder. And on that note,
I think it's time to wrap up this incredible journey
into the end of the past.
Speaker 2 (11:43):
Agreed, it's been a pleasure diving into this fascinating subject
with you.
Speaker 1 (11:48):
Likewise, to all our listeners, thanks for joining us in
this deep dive into the world of ancient rock art.
We hope it's sparked your curiosity and maybe even inspired
you to look a little closer at the world around
found you searching for those hidden layers of meaning and
beauty that connect us all. Until next time, keep exploring
Hey, there, I ever feel like digging into a good mystery, Well,
buckle up, because today's deep dive takes us straight into
the heart of the American West, thousands of years back
in time. We're talking ancient rock art, but not just
any doodles. We're diving into the geometric enigma, these crazy
old markings that predate even the Pyramids.
Speaker 2 (00:21):
You with me absolutely, the fact that humans were etching
these intricate patterns into rock surfaces, like when wooly mammoths
still roam the earth. It's pretty mind boggling, isn't it?
Speaker 1 (00:31):
Totally? And you wouldn't believe some of the theories folks
have about these markings. Some say it's ancient language, others
think it's all about hunting magic, and then there's this
whole hallucination connection wild.
Speaker 2 (00:40):
Right, so real head scratcher. But instead instead of getting
lost in the weeds of you know, what's the right interpretation,
the authors of early rock Art of the American West
offer a really cool perspective. They call it artification.
Speaker 1 (00:56):
Artification o tam all ears.
Speaker 2 (00:58):
So instead of getting bogged down in you know, defining
art itself, they focus on the act of making something
special imbuing it with meaning. Think of it like this.
Remember when you were a kid and you'd build a
pillow for it. It wasn't just a pile of pillows.
It was your castle, your spaceship, your secret hideout.
Speaker 1 (01:16):
Oh yeah, I was a master Ford builder.
Speaker 2 (01:18):
Exactly. You were artifying those pillows, transforming them into something extraordinary.
And the author suggests that's what our ancestors were doing
with those rock carvings, taking something ordinary like a blank
rock face, and transforming it into something meaningful.
Speaker 1 (01:32):
Okay, that makes sense. But how does this whole artification
thing connect to, you know, survival? Like did carving a
spiral on a rock help early humans find food or something?
Speaker 2 (01:43):
That's the million dollar question, right. The book dives into
some fascinating possibilities. One theory is that these markings helped
early humans bond with each other, strengthening their social ties.
Imagine a group working together to create these intricate designs.
That kind of shared experience could have been a powerful
way to build a sense of community and belonging. And
(02:04):
in those days, a strong community meant a better chance
of survival.
Speaker 1 (02:08):
Right. It's like that feeling you get when you're working
on a group project and everyone's in sync. It builds
camaraderie so strong social bonds. Check what other survival advantages
might this this artification thing it provided?
Speaker 2 (02:21):
Well, Some researchers believe these markings were a way to
communicate with other bands of humans, kind of like early billboards,
Hey we were here, or maybe even good hunting grounds.
Speaker 1 (02:32):
This way I see, like leaving a message for the
next group passing through. So it could have been about
marking territory or even sharing vital information exactly.
Speaker 2 (02:40):
And don't forget that life for early humans was was tough.
They faced constant challenges scarcity of food, dangerous predators, unpredictable weather.
Creating these markings taking the time to imbue their world
with meaning and beauty might have also been a way
to cope with those challenges, to find a sense of
order and purpose in a chaotic world.
Speaker 1 (03:01):
Wow, that's profound. Okay, So artification, this act of making
things special could have helped early humans survive by strengthening
their social bonds, communicating with others, and even finding a
sense of purpose and a challenging world. That's pretty amazing.
But how do we even know how old these markings are?
Speaker 2 (03:20):
Dating rock art is a bit like trying to solve
a puzzle with half the pieces missing. You can't just
carbon date the etchings themselves, so archaeologists have to get creative.
They look at things like the weathering of the rock,
any any overlapping designs that suggest one was made after another,
and even analyze the varnish that builds up on the
surface over time.
Speaker 1 (03:41):
So it's a whole detective process.
Speaker 2 (03:43):
Precisely, and while these methods might not pinpoint an exact date,
they can give us a pretty good idea of the
relative age of different markings and how these artistic traditions
might have evolved over time.
Speaker 1 (03:53):
That's incredible. Okay, so we've established that these markings are
ancient and this whole artification thing was a big deal.
But what were they actually trying to communicate? Were they
sending messages, telling stories, recording their grocery lists? I gotta
know you and me both.
Speaker 2 (04:12):
That's where things get really interesting, and we dive into
the mystery of these geometric patterns.
Speaker 1 (04:18):
Because, let's be honest, spirals, zigzags, grids, they're not exactly
the most straightforward forms of.
Speaker 2 (04:25):
Communication, right, You're right, They're not exactly tweeting out their
breakfast menu. But that's what makes these patterns so fascinating.
They're found all over the world, across different cultures and
time periods, which makes some researchers wonder, what if these
shapes aren't aren't random doodles, but something more profound.
Speaker 1 (04:43):
Okay, now we're getting to the good stuff. You're about
to blow my mind, aren't.
Speaker 2 (04:47):
You get this? What if these patterns are hardwired into
our brains. There's a theory that certain parts of our brains,
the parts that process visual information, are naturally drawn to
these geometric shapes, even without any external stimuli.
Speaker 1 (05:02):
Wait, so you're saying that these spirals and zigzags might
be like the visual language of our brains.
Speaker 2 (05:07):
That's the idea. They're called phosphenes. These shapes we see
when we close our eyes during migraines or even even
as some people report during near death experiences. And guess what,
they often resemble the exact same patterns found in rock art.
Speaker 1 (05:23):
WHOA, that's wild. So our ancestors could have been chiseling
these patterns into rock not because they represent something specific
in the outside world, but because they reflect something fundamental
about how our brains perceive reality exactly.
Speaker 2 (05:35):
It's like they're giving us a glimpse into their minds,
showing us the world through their eyes, or rather through
the unique wiring of their brains.
Speaker 1 (05:44):
That's incredible, you know, when you think about it, it
makes perfect sense. Even today, we're drawn to patterns in nature,
in art, in music. Maybe it's something something primal, something
embedded deep within us.
Speaker 2 (05:56):
And that brings us to one of the most common
interpretations of rock art, shamanism. Many many believe these markings
represent the visions and experiences of shamans in altered states
of consciousness, right, like.
Speaker 1 (06:11):
They were taking some ancient version of ayahuasca and seeing
these patterns during their spiritual journeys exactly.
Speaker 2 (06:17):
And while the book acknowledges that shamanism might explain some
rock art, particularly particularly those depicting figures or animals, they
encourage us to be cautious when it comes to interpreting
these purely geometric patterns.
Speaker 1 (06:32):
So just because these shapes might resemble what someone might
see in a trance doesn't automatically mean they were created
by shamans.
Speaker 2 (06:40):
Right. The authors argue that attributing every spiral and grid
to shamanism can be a bit of a leap. It's
important to consider other possibilities and avoid imposing our modern
interpretations on these ancient markings.
Speaker 1 (06:54):
I see their point. So if we're not going to
interpret these patterns literally as messages or stories, and we're
being cautious about the shamanism angle, then was left how
can we even begin to understand the meaning behind these markings.
Speaker 2 (07:07):
That's where things get really exciting, because it challenges us
to think differently about art and meaning. Maybe it's not
about finding a definitive answer, a precise translation. Maybe it's
about appreciating the mystery, the ambiguity, the fact that these
markings have resonated with humans across cultures and time periods
for reasons we may never fully grasp.
Speaker 1 (07:29):
Okay, I can get behind that. There's a certain beauty
in not knowing, in letting the mystery linger. But I
have to ask. The book focuses on the American West,
what about rock art from other parts of the world?
Are there any connections?
Speaker 2 (07:41):
That's a great question, and it brings us to what
I think is one of the most mind blowing takeaways
from the book. While while early rock art of the
American West focuses on a specific geographic region. It acknowledges
that these geometric patterns, the spirals, the zigzags, the grids
are found in rock, are all over the planet.
Speaker 1 (07:59):
No way, you're kidding me. So we're talking every continent,
different cultures, all all creating similar patterns.
Speaker 2 (08:05):
You got it. From the caves of Europe to the
Australian out back. These shapes pop up again and again,
and that leads us to a pretty incredible possibility.
Speaker 1 (08:14):
Let me guess, these patterns are so universal, so widespread,
that they must reflect something fundamental about the human experience,
something that transcends time and culture.
Speaker 2 (08:25):
You nailed it. The authors propose that these markings represent
some of the earliest forms of visual thinking, a way
for our ancestors to externalize their thoughts and perceptions long
before long before written language. Imagine these markings could be
the echoes of the very first sparks of human consciousness.
Speaker 1 (08:43):
Wow, that's heavy stuff. So instead of seeing them as
individual messages or stories, we can view these markings as
a as a window into the shared human experience, a
testament to the power of the human mind to find
meaning and create beauty even in the most challenging circumstances.
Speaker 2 (09:00):
Exactly, and that's that's a powerful message for us today,
especially in a world that often feels feels fractured and divided.
These ancient markings remind us that beneath our differences, we
share a common humanity, a shared capacity for wonder, creativity,
and connection.
Speaker 1 (09:17):
That's a beautiful thought. But before we get to philosophical
there's one more thing I want to ask about portable art.
The book mentioned these incredible engraved stones and other small objects.
What's the deal with those?
Speaker 2 (09:28):
Ah? Yes, portable art is like this whole other dimension
of early human creativity, and it suggests that this drive
to artify wasn't limited to just rock surfaces. They were
decorating their bodies, their tools, carrying around these small, meaningful objects. Imagine,
imagine the stories these objects could tell.
Speaker 1 (09:46):
It's like they were carrying around little pieces of art,
little talismans of meaning and beauty precisely.
Speaker 2 (09:52):
And what's even more fascinating is that these objects, some
dating back tens of thousands of years, feature the same
geometric patterns found in rock art. It strengthens the idea
that these shapes weren't random doodles, but held deep significance
for our ancestors.
Speaker 1 (10:05):
So portable art reinforces this idea of a of a
universal visual language, a way for early humans to carry
meaning and beauty with them wherever they went.
Speaker 2 (10:15):
That's that's amazing. It really, it really adds a whole
other layer to the mystery, doesn't it. It's like these
ancient artists were carrying around like their own personal art galleries.
Speaker 1 (10:24):
Right. It's it's easy to forget that these early humans
were just as human as we are, with their own
sense of aesthetics and and desire to uh to personalize
their world.
Speaker 2 (10:34):
Absolutely. Okay, so we've we've covered a lot of ground
in this deep dive artification, those those mind bending geometric patterns,
even even portable art. What's the what's the biggest takeaway
you hope listeners walk away with? For me, it's the
it's the reminder that art isn't just something we we
hang on walls or put in museums. It's it's a
fundamental part of of what makes us, uh, what makes
(10:57):
us human. It's about making the world around us meaningful,
connecting with each other, and expressing something deeper about ourselves.
Speaker 1 (11:03):
I love that, and what I find truly inspiring is
that This impulse to create, to artify, has been with
us since, like the dawn of our species. These ancient
markings are a testament to the enduring power of the
human spirit, a reminder that we're all connected through this
long and winding story of human creativity.
Speaker 2 (11:22):
Beautifully said, it makes you wonder, thousands of years from now,
what will archaeologists make of our graffiti, our tattoos, are
our digital art. What will those markings say about who
we were and what we valued?
Speaker 1 (11:35):
Now, that's a question to ponder. And on that note,
I think it's time to wrap up this incredible journey
into the end of the past.
Speaker 2 (11:43):
Agreed, it's been a pleasure diving into this fascinating subject
with you.
Speaker 1 (11:48):
Likewise, to all our listeners, thanks for joining us in
this deep dive into the world of ancient rock art.
We hope it's sparked your curiosity and maybe even inspired
you to look a little closer at the world around
found you searching for those hidden layers of meaning and
beauty that connect us all. Until next time, keep exploring
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