Episode Transcript
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(00:00):
Welcome to the Joe Rogan recap. Today, we're doing a deep dive
into the really compelling work of Doctor Gary Nolan.
He's a Stanford professor, and his research covers a lot,
everything from cancer immunology to AI and science and
even, you know, Uaps and strangematerials.
Our goal here is to pull out thekey insights, show how these
different areas are actually connected.
(00:23):
We'll talk about how cancer tricks our immune system, the
amazing potential of AI and somepretty wild findings about Uaps.
Gary, for some real aha moments.OK, so let's start with Doctor
Nolan's, you know, his main gig,Cancer Research and immunology.
He talks about cancer being likethis intricate dance.
Right. A dance where the tumors don't
just hide, they actually trick the immune system.
(00:44):
Trick it into helping them grow even.
Yeah, it's the cleverness of it that's kind of mind blowing.
Doctor Nolan points out that every single day each of us
develop something like 5 cancer like objects. 5A day.
Yeah, roughly. But normally our immune system
just shuts them down, no problem.
The trouble starts when a tumor figures out how to turn off the
alarm bells. They manipulate these things
(01:06):
called MHC proteins, major histocompatibility complex
proteins. HC proteins and those are like
the ID cards for cells, right? Exactly.
They tell the immune system I'm healthy or I'm infected.
Cancer learns to fake its ID or just hide it all together.
Makes it invisible. OK, so if we understand that it
totally changes how we treat it.Absolutely.
(01:27):
Doctor Nolan brings up immunotherapy like the work Jim
Allison did. Won the Nobel Prize for it.
Right, finding ways to block those turn off signals cancer
uses. And the results were just wow,
Melanoma survival went from what, 5%?
To 50%. Yeah, a huge leap.
It showed we can actually harness the body's own defenses.
And Doctor Nolan's lab isn't just studying this, they're
(01:49):
building the tools, too. That's a key point.
They're developing instruments that generate way more data than
ever before, he mentioned. Going from looking at maybe 3
proteins at once to. 50 or 60 proteins.
Exactly 50 or 60. That sheer volume of information
let's them build these mathematical models.
Models to predict outcomes better, yeah.
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And that pushes us towards really personalized medicine,
tailoring the treatment. And that personalization aspect
is super relevant for, you know,for you listening.
Doctor Nolan really hammers homethis idea of biological
variability. Right, because even the same
type of cancer can act differently in different people.
So a drug that works wonders forone person might do nothing for
(02:30):
someone else. Precisely which means you need
medication tailored to the individual.
Which brings up that whole benefit to damage ratio thing he
mentioned. Yeah, that's crucial in
medicine. All drugs have side effects, of
course, and doctors often have to play the odds based on
statistics. Doctor Nolan argues we need
diagnostics that can perfectly marry a specific drug to a
(02:53):
specific subtype of the disease in that patient.
So instead of a drug working 60%of the time on average.
You could potentially get it to work 90% of the time for the
right patient. Much better outcomes, less harm
from side effects. He also gets personal talking
about his own genetic mutation. MIDF 318K.
Yeah, which gives him a higher risk for Melanoma and kidney
(03:14):
cancer. And that leads him to talk about
sunlight. You know how the advice has
changed. Right, it's not just sun bad.
No, it's the UV radiation specifically that's the danger
light itself gives us. Vitamin D helps regulate sleep
cycles and important stuff. And he looks ahead, suggesting
maybe one day a CRISPR ointment could fix mutations like his.
Yeah, imagine that, fixing a single point mutation so you can
(03:37):
enjoy the sun without that risk.Yeah, he also touched on RNA,
how it got a bad rap from vaccines.
But it's just a natural, vital part of our cells.
OK, sticking with health, What about early detection?
He's a big advocate, but with a major warning.
Yes, and this one surprises a lot of people.
He warns that routine CT scans, they're known to cause cancer.
(03:58):
Because of the radiation. Exactly.
He suggests MRI is often a saferbet if possible, and he really
stresses getting a baseline. Scan a baseline.
So you have a starting point. We all have these little weird
spots. He calls them phantom.
It's usually harmless, A baseline.
Let's doctor see if anything changes or grows over time.
That's how you catch real problems early.
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And don't worry about the harmless stuff.
He also has this really interesting, almost
philosophical take on what cancer is.
Yeah, not just a disease, but like a devolution.
A breaking of contracts between cells, he said.
What does that actually mean? Well.
The implication is pretty deep if cancer isn't evolving forward
but regressing back to this primitive urge to just divide.
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Then there's no single magic bullet.
Exactly means no one-size-fits-all drug will ever
work for all cancers. It just reinforces how unique
and complex each tumor is. And given his own health
situation, he shared a bit abouthis diet.
Right. He avoids too much meat,
especially charred meat, becauseof carcinogens.
Makes sense. And he limits sugar, calls it a
real problem with cancer. You can tell he just has this
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immense respect, this awe for the complexity of the cell.
He calls it a universe. OK, let's shift gears.
The data deluge in science. So much information researchers
were drowning. Right, just overwhelmed.
And the solution, the Eureka moment, was AI, artificial
intelligence. Pretty much.
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He explains how AI can now analyze literally millions of
published papers, 22 million papers, he said.
Like an immunologist scientist in a box.
Exactly, and in his lab they have this agentic AI.
You give it raw data, ask questions in plain English and.
It comes up with hypothesis suggests experiments, yeah.
And like 3 hours, a task that might take a grad student
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months. Yeah, it's completely changing
the speed of research. He did admit, funny enough, that
the AI had a lot of hallucinations at first.
Yeah, but then he quipped. Some of my best students
hallucinate. Meaning the human is still
essential. Absolutely.
You need the human in the loop to guide it.
Check its work. So where are they applying this
AI specifically? One key area is understanding
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the tumor immune interface, thatbattleground between the cancer
and the immune system and specifically these things called
tertiary lymphoid structures or TLS that can form inside tumors.
TLS. What do they do?
Well, mature TLS are linked to bitter outcomes from
chemotherapy. The AI helped them figure out
exactly which cell types are needed to build these mature
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TLS. Which then leads to the
question. Right.
Can we actually make tumors formthese helpful TLS structures
using therapy? That could be huge.
In the AI itself, he mentioned using Open AI but with a special
layer on top. Yeah, an agentic overlay
basically teaching the AI how scientists think, how they ask
questions, how they approach problems.
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And he's open sourcing it, giving it away.
Putting it on GitHub for the whole scientific community,
which ties into his views on commercializing research from
universities. He ignored advice not to
commercialize. He did, and things he invented,
like a system called 293T for making retroviruses, have
generated significant money for Stanford through licensing.
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But it also makes those tools widely available.
He sees it as giving back to thetaxpayers who fund the initial
science. The impact of AI right now, he
says, is already creating dozensof potential new target
opportunities. Things that weren't even on the
radar a year ago. And looking further out.
He paints a picture of AI helping with things like those
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CRISPR ointments we mentioned. Maybe Neuralink style brain
interfaces? Even a universal language
through brain chips leading to ahive mind.
Or a post scarcity environment. Yeah, it definitely makes you
wonder about humans. Merging with AI doesn't.
It but he's he's not just a techoptimist.
He sees the downsides, too. Oh, definitely.
He's really concerned about automation wiping out huge
numbers of jobs. A gigantic swath of the American
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workforce, he said. Which?
Brings up things like universal basic income, Ubi.
But Ubi doesn't solve everything.
No, he points out. Work gives people identity, a
sense of worth. What happens if that disappears?
And he also flags the huge risksof AI in the military making
life or death decisions without,you know, human ethics or
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morality. That's scary.
OK, now for the big shift. How does a top cancer researcher
end up studying Uaps? Right, it started, he said, with
the Otakama mummy. This tiny little skeleton
claimed to be an alien. Oh, I remember that.
He did. The DNA sequencing proved it was
human female Chilean ancestry specific genetic mutations.
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Which probably didn't make him popular with the UFO crowd.
No, it angered a lot of them, but it got him noticed by a
scientific community that already existed that was quietly
working with the government on UAP analysis.
And that led to work with the CIA and an aerospace company
analyzing medical records. Yeah, records of people who
claimed they were harmed by strange phenomena.
And what was striking was that most of them were actually early
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Havana Syndrome cases. Yeah, they showed clear damage
in the brain. It was concrete evidence that
something had happened that moved it beyond just stories,
you know, into measurable physical effects.
But there were others, about 10 people, who didn't fit Havana
Syndrome. Right.
These people claimed injury directly from UAP contact.
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They had things like white matter disease in the brain or
actual physical welts like they've been zapped.
But these are one off events, hard to study scientifically.
Exactly. That's the challenge.
They're not reproducible in a lab, but the physical evidence
suggests something happened. He mentioned Jacques Valet being
a big help, a mentor, and how toapproach this kind of tricky,
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often stigmatized research. Nolan also talks about the
potential value commercial scientific if we could
understand UAP technology. Yeah, he compares it to the
impact silicon had on our world.Game changing potential.
And of course there's the whole debate about government secrecy,
alleged recovered craft. That's the whole can of worms.
Does he think understanding thistech could lead to that post
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scarcity? It's a possibility he raises if
some intelligence, whoever they are, got beyond the problems we
face. Maybe there's a blueprint there.
It's partly why he helped start the Saul Foundation to create a
serious academic space to discuss Uaps without ridicule,
looking at ethics, religion, social impact.
(10:21):
And he's actually analyzed materials himself.
Anomalous materials, yeah. Like from Ubatuba, Brazil.
Yeah, back in the late 1950s, a fisherman saw a glowing object
explode. Found molten metal.
Afterwards Nolan analyzed a piece of silicone from it.
Found it was 99.999% pure silicone.
Which is hard to achieve. Very hard, especially then.
But the kicker was the magnesiumisotopes.
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The ratios of 24/25/26 were way off earth normal.
Off normal. How?
His calculation suggested it would require exposing normal
magnesium to a massive neutron source for like 900 years.
Something like an atomic bomb going off every few seconds.
Basically impossible in the 1950s.
Pretty much very hard, as he putit, points to something highly
unusual. Then there's the Council Bluffs
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IA case from the 70s. Molten metal found after a UAP
sighting, right? Police found this pile of melted
stuff. His analysis showed it was a
weird slurry. Iron, titanium, Chromium, but
not uniformly mixed, like it hadn't been properly stirred
together. Not like a standard alloy.
No, and it wasn't thermite either, because there was no
aluminum oxide. But it clearly involved extreme
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heat. And he notes, this isn't
isolated. There are reports worldwide of
molten metal dropped by these objects.
A pattern. So how do you definitively prove
these materials are not from around here he's building?
Something. Yeah, he's inventing a new kind
of instrument, an atomic imager.An atomic imager?
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What will that do? It'll let him read its structure
directly, see exactly how the atoms are positioned, how
they're bonded. The idea is it might reveal
structures that humans simply couldn't create, at least not
with any technology we know of. And that tool would be useful
for regular material science too.
Oh. Absolutely huge value for
nanomaterials alloys regardless of the UAP angle.
He also touched on this Peruviantridactyl mummies, the three
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fingered ones. Yes, he mentioned MRI scans
showing what looks like real bone structure and fingerprints
that aren't human, and carbon dating puts them at 1700 years
old. Which makes the hoax explanation
pretty difficult for that era. Very difficult.
He stresses the need for careful, non sensational science
here, but the findings are intriguing.
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Could they be some kind of offshoot hominid?
That's one idea he floats. Maybe a break off civilization
that evolved very differently. Think humans versus chimps.
Big difference from a common ancestor.
He speculates that a species relying heavily on technology
might become physically frail, petite with little muscle.
Kind of like the Gray alien archetype.
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It does align with that common image, yeah.
Food for thought. And finally, the Nimitz
Incident, 2004 off San Diego, the Tic Tac.
The famous case Navy pilots saw this object doing impossible
maneuvers, he mentioned. Physicist Kevin Day calculated
the energy needed for its instantaneous acceleration and
deceleration. And the number was.
Basically, more than the nuclearoutput of the United States for
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a year, just for those few moments of movement.
Which leads to the obvious massive question.
Exactly where are they getting the energy from?
Wow, OK, that was quite a journey through Doctor Nolan's
work. From cancer cells to AI building
hypotheses to potentially impossible materials and physics
defying objects. It really covers the map,
(13:34):
doesn't? It it really does the boundaries
of what we know seem to be constantly shifting.
And the thread connecting it allfor Nolan seems to be rigorous
analysis, Whether it's cancer orAI or weird materials, he
emphasizes looking at the data, the evidence, relentlessly.
Even when it's strange or unpopular or off the curve.
Right. Keep that scientific integrity,
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but stay open minded to where the evidence leads.
His work really embodies that, Ithink, curiosity combined with
rigor. So as we wrap up, what's the big
take away for you listening to all this?
Well, it makes you think, doesn't it?
If we really are getting close to understanding biology,
physics, maybe even consciousness in these
revolutionary new ways. If AI or maybe even other
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intelligences could unlock trulyimmense power.
What kind of society do we need to be to handle that?
Exactly how do we manage that exponential increase in
technological evolution, as no one puts it?
How do we make sure it leads to,you know, human flourishing and
not, well, the alternatives, whether that's human misuse or
AI running wild? A lot to think about there.
(14:38):
Definitely something to keep mulling over.