The urban planning landscape evolved significantly from the late 19th to early 20th centuries through various influential movements. The parks and public health movements focused on creating green spaces and improving sanitation. The settlement house movement addressed social issues and living conditions, while the City Beautiful and Garden City movements promoted aesthetic design and planned communities. These efforts laid the foundation for the Efficiency Movement, emphasizing scientific management, and the Humane Movement, focusing on social welfare and equitable development. Influential figures like Frederick Law Olmsted and Jane Addams, as well as key historical periods like the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution, shaped urban planning practices. Collectively, these movements and developments drove the transformation of cities into more livable, equitable, and sustainable environments, addressing the challenges of rapid urbanization and industrialization.
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