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February 22, 2020 24 mins
“侘寂”起源于中国宋代(960-1279)的道教,后来传入佛教禅宗(Zen Buddhism)。最初,“侘寂”被视为一种简朴、克制的欣赏方式。今天,它代表了一种以较轻松的态度看待短暂、自然和忧郁,喜爱世间万物的不完美和缺陷,从建筑到陶器再到插花均是如此。“侘”(wabi)大致意思是“简陋朴素的优雅之美”,而“寂”(sabi)意思是“时间易逝和万物无常”,两者结合在一起,形成了一种日本独有的、对日本文化至关重要的哲理。但是,正如佛教僧侣相信的,语言是理解的敌人,这种描述只能触及这一话题的表面。东京大学美学研究所(Tokyo University 's Institute of aesthetic)的小田部胤久(Tanehisa Otabe)教授认为,“侘茶”(wabi-cha)这门古老的艺术——15世纪末至16世纪由茶艺大师村田珠光(Murata Juko)和千利休(Sen no Rikyu)创立的一种茶道形式——是“侘寂”精神最好的体现。两位茶道大师选择了普通的日本陶器而不是当时盛行的(技术上也完美的)进口中国陶器,挑战了当时的审美原则。不再以鲜艳的色彩和华丽的设计为美的标志,大师鼓励茶客品茶时细细欣赏若在以前会被忽视的微妙颜色和纹理。
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