A justiça restaurativa não é uma ideia americana ou europeia dos anos 70. Na verdade, o conceito funde práticas indígenas africanas e norte-americanas de resolução de conflitos. Mas tem vindo, nas últimas décadas, a ganhar importância dentro dos sistemas penais ocidentais, em particular em crimes cometidos por jovens ou percepcionados como de baixa gravidade, tentando responder às críticas de que a atual justiça retributiva e punitiva falha tanto às vítimas como aos infratores.
Em Inglaterra e no País de Gales, a polícia, tribunais e gabinetes de reinserção social têm a obrigação legal de oferecer à vítima a hipótese de participar em processos de justiça restaurativa. Mas, na prática, nem todas têm essa oportunidade. Rebecca Banwell-Moore, investigadora de pós-doutoramento em criminologia na Universidade de Nottingham, estudou o quão distante está a teoria da realidade. Acredita que a justiça restaurativa faz falta aos tribunais, às polícias e às prisões, mas ainda não acha que os vá substituir.
Esta entrevista faz parte da séria sobre as prisões em Portugal que estamos a produzir. Sabe mais em www.fumaca.pt/prisoes/
[English] Restorative justice is not an American or European idea from the 70s. In fact, the concept merges indigenous African and North American conflict resolution practices. But in recent decades, it has been gaining importance within Western criminal justice systems, particularly in crimes committed by young people or perceived as being of low severity, in an attempt to respond to criticism that current retributive and punitive justice fails both victims and offenders.
In England and Wales, the police, courts and probation offices have a legal obligation to offer victims the chance to take part in restorative justice processes. But in practice, not all victims have this opportunity. Rebecca Banwell-Moore, a post-doctoral researcher in criminology at the University of Nottingham, has studied how far theory is from reality. She believes that restorative justice is needed in the courts, the police and prisons, but she doesn't think it will replace them yet.
This interview is part of the series on prisons in Portugal that we are producing. Find out more at www.fumaca.pt/prisoes/
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