Mao Zedongs regeringstid blev defineret af især to programmer.
For det første ’Det store spring fremad’ fra 1958, et planøkonomisk forsøg på at løfte den økonomiske udvikling og modernisere landet socialt og politisk. Det store spring udeblev dog, og planen afstedkom i stedet en voldsom hungerepidemi, der endte med at koste mange millioner kinesere livet.
Maos andet store slagnummer var kulturrevolutionen, en kampagne, der fra 1966 skulle rydde ud i anti-kommunistiske kræfter i Kina. Mao fik især fat i de unge, der samlede sig under bevægelsen Den Røde Garde, og udrensningen ramte både høj og lav i det kinesiske samfund.
Ikke alle var dog lige tilfredse med kulturrevolutionen, og som konsekvens af en voksende opposition erklærede Mao den som afsluttet i 1969. De kritiske stemmer tog til i slutningen af Maos regeringstid, og hans død i 1976 banede vejen for, at Kina i kunne åbne op for den øvrige verden.
Værter er Anders Olling og Hans Erik Havsteen, og afsnittet er tilrettelagt af Simon Zacho.
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