S2E7: Global Competition Policy and Japan’s Society 5.0 Guests: Philippe Aghion, Economist and Professor at College de France, The London School of Economics, and Harvard University Yuko Harayama, Former Executive Member of Japan’s Council for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy This week on The AI Element we zoom out to look at how AI is impacting, and is being impacted by, global economic policies. Policy is hugely important for AI’s development and implementation. Though each application of AI differs from business to business and country to country, there are often similar patterns and concerns that arise, like the fear of automation replacing jobs and of increasing inequalities. Policy makers across the globe are trying to tackle these concerns to ensure they are creating a positive outcome for all. This week we have two guests who are going to teach us about how AI is impacting growth and a radical new approach in Japan to guiding science and innovation. Our first guest Philippe Aghion is a world-renowned economist who tells us about the impact of AI on economic growth and why that growth may not be shared equally. His interview is a lesson about why innovation today without competition will lead to less innovation in the future. Our second guest Yuko Harayama co-wrote Japan’s 5 year plan for technology and innovation and was a leader in developing Japan’s national AI strategy. She tells us about Japan’s radical new approach to technology policy and how, rather than giving a strict roadmap for technology development, they created a vision of a society technology developers should abide by. She calls it Society 5.0. 00:37 - Intro 02:51 - AI’s Impact on Economic Growth 05:36 - Aghion, Jones & Jones - Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth 06:27 - Aghion, Bergeaud, Boppart, Klenow, Li - Theory of Falling Growth and Rising Rents 06:56 - AI, Superstar Firms and Competition 13:03 - G7 ministers ‘agree in principle’ on deal taxing digital taxing digital giants 13:56 - W.T.O Allows China to Impose Trade Sanctions on U.S. Goods 14:36 - Acemoglu & Restrepo - Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets 14:36 - The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms 16:39 - AI and Innovation 17:42 - Baumol’s cost disease 18:55 - Gaby Aghion, fashion designer: Co-founder of Chloe House, which revitalized French fashion in the 1950s 19:54 - Society 5.0 19:54 - Artificial Intelligence Technology Strategy 19:54 -Government of Japan - The 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan 20:45 - Society 5.0 Powerpoint 29:29 - Society 5.0 and Global Policy 29:45 - OECD - Artificial Intelligence 31:53 - United Nations Activities on Artificial Intelligence (AI) 33:31 - Optimism and Persistence 33:46 - Encyclopedia Britannica - Pangloss Additional Links TED Talk - Yuko Harayama - Why Society 5.0 -------- S2E7 : Politique de concurrence mondiale et Société japonaise 5.0 Philippe Aghion, Économiste et Professeur au Collège de France, à l'Université de Harvard, et à la London School of Economics Yuko Harayama, Ancien membre exécutif du Conseil japonais pour la politique scientifique, technologique et d'innovation Cette semaine, au balado The AI Element, nous abordons la façon dont l’IA a une incidence sur les politiques économiques mondiales et comment elle est influencée en retour par celles-ci. Les politiques sont extrêmement importantes pour le développement et la mise en œuvre de l’IA. Bien que chaque application de l’IA diffère d’une entreprise à l’autre et d’un pays à l’autre, il existe souvent des modèles et des préoccupations similaires, comme la crainte que l’automatisation ne remplace les emplois et n’accroisse les inégalités. Les décideurs du monde entier s’efforcent de répondre à ces préoccupations pour s’assurer qu’elles débouchent sur un résultat positif pour tous. Cette semaine, nous avons deux invités qui vont nous expliquer l’incidence de l’IA sur la croissance et une nouvelle ap