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May 21, 2025 13 mins

It’s the 1980s and the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise has burst onto the scene, scoring millions of young fans.  


Half-human, half-turtle fighters Donatello, Leonardo, Raphael and Michelangelo originated as comic book characters before spawning phenomenally popular films and cartoons.  

But “turtlemania” also inadvertently sparked a pet craze that ultimately led to an invasive species problem.  

Red-eared terrapins were a particularly popular pet. But many people didn’t realise they would grow from a matchbox-sized hatchling to a dinner-plate sized adult that lives for more than 40 years.  
   
As a result a significant number of freshwater turtles were illegally released in the late 80 and 90s. 

Rosie joins Turtle Tally UK’s Suzie Simpson to uncover the wild origin story of how invasive freshwater turtles became a familiar sight in our waterways.
 
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Production:  
Host: Rosie Holdsworth  
Producer: Michelle Douglass  
Sound Editor: Jesus Gomez  

Contributor:  
Suzie Simpson, Turtle Tally UK 

Image: 
(c) Suzie Simpson / Turtle Tally UK

Discover More: 
Head to Turtle Tally UK citizen science project to discover more about freshwater turtles in the UK and submit your sightings 
https://www.turtletally.co.uk/ 

Find out about the National Trust’s work protecting our waterways and how you can help 
https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/our-cause/nature-climate/climate-change-sustainability/protecting-coasts-and-rivers

The National Trust cares for places so people and nature can thrive. Everyone can get involved, everyone can make a difference. Nature, beauty, history. For everyone, for ever. You can donate to us at https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/donate

Follow Wild Tales nature podcast on your favourite podcast app or Youtube @nationaltrustcharity. And join us on Instagram @wildtalesnt.

If you'd like to get in touch with feedback, or have a story idea you’d love to hear, contact us at podcasts@nationaltrust.org.uk 
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Transcript

Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
SUZIE SIMPSON (00:34):
It became very popular to buy these animals.
They would go to the pet store,they would buy one of these very
small hatchling turtles andsomewhat easy to keep as far as
people thought.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (00:47):
Next time you're passing a lake, river or
canal, keep your eye on thewater and you may just glimpse a
mysterious shelled animal thatlooks out of place.
Invasive Terrapins are now partof freshwater systems in the UK,
continental Europe and beyond.
And these animals have afascinating origin story. We're
going back to the 80s and 90s todiscover how a popular cartoon

(01:10):
triggered a big abandoned animalproblem.
I'm Ranger Rosie Holdsworth.Welcome to Wild Tales, the
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles PetCraze.

(01:31):
A comic convention in NewHampshire, US, 1984. Two young,
struggling comic book artists,Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird,
are hoping to get some attentionwith their new creation.
They've scrambled funds toself-print their comic book. The
concept is a bit out there. Themain characters are four

(01:53):
half-man, half-turtle fighters,and they're named after
Renaissance artists.
There's Donatello, Leonardo,Raphael and party dude
Michelangelo.
In fact, Teenage Mutant NinjaTurtles becomes so phenomenally

(02:13):
popular, it's a touchpoint of80s and 90s pop culture. And 40
years later, the franchise isstill going.
Back in the 80s, kids are seeingthe first toys, costumes and of
course, the cartoon series.
No one could have predicted thestratospheric global success of
the turtles. And it seems no onepredicted something else.

(02:37):
How a cartoon would spark a petcraze and a conservation
cautionary tale.

SUZIE SIMPSON (02:45):
I have the song playing in my head now.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (02:47):
This is Suzie Simpson, leader of citizen
science project Turtle Tally UK,recalling the Teenage Mutant
Ninja Turtles cartoon'sparticular appeal.

SUZIE SIMPSON (02:58):
These turtles, they were kind of human-like
turtles that were ninjas. Thiswas because some radioactive goo
had been poured on them and theyhappened to be in the sewers in
New York and got rescued by arat and the rat became their
parent and taught them ninjaskills and they basically went
out into the streets and becamethese kind of vigilante heroes.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (03:23):
Kids' fascination was street fighting
turtles... translates into aspike in demand for the animals
as pets.

SUZIE SIMPSON (03:33):
The 80s and 90s, there were millions of baby
hatchlings that were beingimported. And so, yes, it seems
to be linked in with that kindof popularity or that craze
around that time.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (03:46):
Wild Tales producer Michelle and her sister
were among the many kids who hitthe pet shop.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (03:54):
We were walking around the tanks. And we
saw this tank full of thesereally cute, tiny turtles or
Terrapins.
The size of them was so smallthey could fit in the palm of
your hand. And the one that wehad our eye on was called a
red-eared terrapin. And thesereally pretty red markings on
the sides of their heads.

(04:17):
And I think my parents thoughtit would be a bit like getting a
fish.
This was Pre-Google. Maybe youshould have asked the shopkeeper
a few more questions.
But we collected this terrapin.We called her Elliot and we took
her home and put her in a tankin our bedroom.
Elliot always looked verypretty, but she was quite a
grumpy kind of terrapin.

(04:39):
It was quite hard to stroke her,but we still loved Elliot. She
was very cool and a big featurein our bedroom growing up in the
90s for sure.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (04:50):
Terrapins, red-eared sliders and
yellow-bellied sliders areespecially popular pets because
of their colourful markings.
The term terrapin is what we inthe UK use to mean freshwater
turtle species. Suzie takes usfor a moment and went to the
wetlands and swamps of the US tomeet these Terrapins in their
natural habitat.

SUZIE SIMPSON (05:10):
These animals' native range is in the States,
so sort of southeasterly, theeastern parts of the States.
Their natural behaviours, theywill normally come out in the
morning and they will bask whenit gets nice and warm.
They rely on the externalenvironment to heat up.
They're not like us. And thatwill occur mainly from spring

(05:32):
through to autumn time and thenwhen it gets to winter time they
all tend to go down and brumatewhich means that they just slow
down their body they just stayunder the water and kind of wait
out the colder period until theycome back out in spring again.
And they're beautiful they'recarapace you know their shell
their protective shell and whatthey can do and how they go

(05:55):
under you know during brumationduring winter and they're able
to breathe underwater like that.
They're just incrediblecreatures.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (06:03):
Back in UK homes, pet owners are having
problems. Terrapins grow from 50pence piece size to dinner plate
size and they can live for over40 years, meaning lots of pet
owners are well out of theirdepth.

SUZIE SIMPSON (06:19):
Then how do you keep an animal that size?
They need big space, a bout ofspace for swimming, so large
area with a pool to be able toswim.
They need to be able to come outand bask on a platform under UV
bulbs and basking lights.
So the complexity comes in laterwhen they get a lot bigger and
that's when people realise thatthat wasn't a good idea, maybe.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (06:44):
So Elliot got so big that my dad ended up
converting her into a biggertank and made this terrain for
her where she could crawl outand bask in the sun.
My sister and I shared a room sothe terrapin could have a room
to itself. She even jumped outof the tank a couple of times
and ended up in the washing pilebecause she was just getting far
too big for her terrain.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (07:08):
People start to look for ways to relieve
themselves of their large,long-lived pets.
Some people give their pets torescue sanctuaries, while some
illegally release Terrapins intolakes, canals and rivers.

SUZIE SIMPSON (07:22):
We've had people report that they've seen people
literally walk down to the lake,open up a carrier and just pour
them...
Literally pour the turtle intothe water.
They're in canals and lakes andrivers and all sorts.
If anybody releases a pet intothe wild, you risk passing on
diseases and that animal itselfcould die or become injured so

(07:46):
actually there's a lot of issueswith that.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (07:50):
These Terrapins are classed as
invasive species. Meaninganimals that have been
introduced by people into anecosystem and could be having a
negative impact like spreadingdisease and out-competing native
species.
Suzie Simpson's work at TurtleTally UK is a citizen science
project asking people to send intheir sightings to help build a

(08:11):
better understanding of thesenon-native species in our
waterways.

SUZIE SIMPSON (08:16):
It's a survey that we run online for the
public to submit sightings ofreleased pets, freshwater
turtles.
There are a few things that wejust confirmed.
The red-eared sliders and theyellow-bellied sliders, we find
there are lots of these animalsout there.
London's our biggest hotspot forfinding these turtles. So it's

(08:37):
highly urbanised, lots ofbuildings, lots of people living
there.
So the chances are we've got alot more pet owners.
At the moment, we don't believethat they're breeding either
because our weather, ourconditions here in the UK just
are not appropriate for them tohatch out young. It's not hot
enough for long enough.
So I don't think we havethriving populations here. I

(08:59):
think what is happening is theseanimals are being released into
the waterways.
And as a result, each year, ifthey survive another year, then
they survive another year but ifthey don't, then we've actually
got a naturally dying offpopulation.
We're more concerned about softshells and common snapping
turtles. And these animals are alot bigger than the red-eared

(09:22):
sliders but we don't get a lotof reports of those.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (09:26):
So Susie's work suggests in the UK invasive
Terrapins impact is limitedbecause they're unlikely to
breed in our cooler weather.
But in continental Europeinvasive Terrapins are much more
of a problem.

SUZIE SIMPSON (09:41):
They can out-compete native species for
example in Europe we actuallyhave the European pond turtle
and this animal is at risk andis threatened and so actually
these introduced petsout-compete the native pond
turtles and it causes them tonot use the basking spots so

(10:02):
they lose body condition.
There are lots of aspects thatactually affect the native
species.
And then obviously if theybreed, if the climate is right,
so in Europe and further afield,if it's warm enough for the eggs
to hatch out and they're able tohave a thriving population, then
they'll be eating more differentspecies, plants, animals.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (10:27):
Through the 90s, it's recognised that the
international trade in Terrapinsis causing a widespread invasive
species problem.
In 1997, the UK and otherEuropean countries ban the
import of red-eared sliders aspets.
Since these are the mostin-demand species, the ban helps
to bring an end to the turtlemania pet craze.

(10:48):
What can we learn from the taleof the teenage mutant ninja
turtle pet invasion?

SUZIE SIMPSON (10:54):
I would definitely say turtles are not
an appropriate pet for a lot ofpeople.
Please don't put animals outinto the wild if they're not
supposed to be there, then theyshouldn't be released out into
the wild.
Find rehoming services,sanctuaries, they will be able
to help you and provideguidance.
I think there's something withthe responsibility to some of

(11:15):
these production crews and TVand films.
Kids sort of see these animalsand they get really excited
about them. There's somethingthere in being responsible about
that.
We work with pet shop owners sothey're also trying their best
to educate people when they comein.
Some of them won't sell them atall and some will only sell them

(11:37):
at certain times of the year,won't sell them around when the
film or TV releases are.
We're on a good trajectory forgetting that awareness out
there.

MICHELLE DOUGLASS (11:47):
My parents ended up taking her to a
terrapin sanctuary and a lot ofpet owners like us just hadn't
realised quite how much it wouldbe to take this turtle on.
So I do feel bad about that. ButI like to think that Elliot's
still out there with all herlittle terrapin friends swimming
around in their sanctuary.

ROSIE HOLDSWORTH (12:10):
As for turtles and Terrapins, these beautiful
animals with their patternedshells and slow, smooth
movements capture ourimaginations, even when they're
depicted wearing ninja masks andeating pizza.
But we need to remind ourselvesto put the animal first.
You might even say, Turtlepower!

(12:33):
Thanks for listening to thisepisode of Wild Tales. Look out
for Terrapins in waterways.
In my patch in Yorkshire, usrangers have been enjoying
spotting our long-time residentTerry The Terrapin this spring.
And if you do spot your ownterrapin, head to the Turtle
Tally UK Citizen Science Projectand let Susie know all about it.
For more Wild Tales action, headto @wildtalesnt on Instagram and

(12:58):
share your own stories with uswith hashtag
#wildtaleswednesday. See younext time.
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