Reflecting History

As Marlow travels deeper into the heart of darkness, we get our first look at the enigmatic Kurtz. At first just a peripheral figure who is important to the ivory collection operation of the nameless "Company," Kurtz comes to occupy more of Marlow's thoughts the further into the Congo he goes. Marlow also meets the characters of the Manager and the Brickmaker, who put different theories of authoritarianism and imperialism to the te...

As Marlow prepares for his journey to the Congo, he visits a psychiatrist who gives him his first glimpse at what he is getting himself into. His introduction into the pseudoscience of phrenology is an ideological starting point for his journey to Africa. Reader and character alike are hit with a wave of disorienting feelings as Marlow has his first interactions with the people of Congo, seeing how they are dehumanized. In the mode...

Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (1899) is both a scathing critique of European imperialism and a reminder that all humans have the capacity to succumb to the heart of darkness. It also is not without controversy, as people have been debating it's meaning and essence for over a century now. What exactly is the heart of darkness? Was the Belgian Congo a unique circumstance of imperialism or just another example of human nature at w...

In this episode I'm joined by author Eve J. Chung to discuss her latest book The Young Will Remember, a historical fiction novel set during the Korean War. We discuss her book, different historical narratives and memories of the Korean War, complex questions of identity on the Korean Peninsula, how the war affected Asian Americans back in the United States, imperialism and strategic bombing, the sexual abuse of women by the Japanes...

The Congo Free State eventually dissolved, but what does it mean to us today? How did we collectively forget a tragedy on this scale? Why do some historical stories get buried in the sands of time while others don't? Historian Adam Hochschild calls our memory of the Congo Free State the "Great Forgetting." This is the final episode in the Belgian Congo series. Thanks for listening. 

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As atrocities and human rights violations continue in the Congo Free State, King Leopold II of Belgium sends out a "Commission of Inquiry" to the Congo to clear his name. Things don't go as planned. After one final hail mary attempt to sway public opinion, Leopold finally agrees to sell his colony to the state of Belgium. For many, the long nightmare was now over. For others, it was only beginning.

This is Part 6 in a series on the...

As the evidence of atrocities in the Congo Free State became impossible to ignore, direct African resistance developed in numerous places around the Congo. As this was happening, a large and sophisticated human rights campaign developed around some courageous informants, journalists, and human rights activists. King Leopold II of Belgium then developed a response in one of the first modern versions of an information/misinformation ...

As a result of a worldwide rubber boom where rubber became a highly demanded economic resource, the agents of the Congo Free State kicked off efforts to gain as much rubber and profit as possible-leading to some of the worst human rights violations in history. Forced labor, slavery, disease, and death highlight this part of the story.

This episode is Part 4 in a series on the Belgian Congo. It discusses the ...

With King Leopold II of Belgium now in full control of the Belgian Congo, the extraction of ivory and other resources could begin. The story of the plunder of the Congo is so brutal and unbelievable, and at times so hard to believe, that it was once said that "to tell the full story it would have to be fiction." In the early period of the Congo Free State, forced labor and resource extraction ulti...

As European imperialism heated up in Africa in the late 1800's, King Leopold II of Belgium put into motion one of the most ambitious and villainous plans in all of European history - the theft of the entire Congo. Utilizing the work of explorer Henry Morton Stanley, European animus towards the Afro-Arab Slave Trade, the creation of dubious committees and associations, international lobbying of gov...

From 1885 to 1908, King Leopold II of Belgium owned the Congo as his own personal colony. What transpired there over the course of his reign has credibly been called "the vilest scramble for loot that ever disfigured the history of human conscience." Forced labor, slavery, disease, destruction, and destabliziation led to millions of deaths in one of the lesser known mass trauma events in human history. This is the story...

One particular episode of "The Bear" inspired me to think about Kazuo Ishiguro's classic novel "Never Let Me Go"- friendship, love, memory, regret, and what it is that makes us human. 

This is a bonus episode I released a few years ago to my Patreon supporters. I think it fits well with the holiday season, see you in the new year!

The Bear: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bear_(TV_series) 

Season 2 Episode 7-"Forks": ht...

The Odyssey concludes with release, purification, and contradiction. A legendary bow and arrow contest sets the stage for Odysseus' rampage through the suitors who tormented his household for so long. The results of this explosion of violence and the conclusion of the story have been discussed and debated for millenia. This episode looks at books 21-24 of The Odyssey, analyzing themes of memory, purification, cycles of violence, an...

Odysseus has finally made it home, but the Ithaca he has returned to is almost unrecognizable. "Dangerous men and fools" hold power now, and the island has fallen into disrepair. Odysseus comes up with a plan to destroy the corrupt suitors, and Penelope has her own schemes. The stage is set for The Odyssey to reach it's conclusion. This episode analyzes books 17-20 of The Odyssey, examining themes of leadership, corruption, the nat...

In books 11-16 of The Odyssey, Odysseus runs through a murderous string of mythological creatures on his long journey home. The Underworld, seductive Sirens, deadly whirlpools, and six headed monsters are menacing obstacles to overcome, but they also represent different elements of evil in Homer's Greek world. By the end of the this section, Odysseus has finally made it home and is reunited with his son Telemachus. All ...

This episode delves into books 6-10 of The Odyssey. Odysseus has finally found a helping hand on his journey home, but before he can go, he must tell the story of where he came from. Lotus eaters, cannibals, cyclops, and the seductively terrifying Circe highlight this portion of the story. The "Homeric Question" is also examined. Who was the author of The Odyssey and how was the story originally told? Themes of gri...

Homer's The Odyssey is one of the oldest and most enduring stories in all of civilization. Set in the aftermath of the legendary Trojan War, the great war hero Odysseus has been lost at sea for decades. As he struggles to return home, his story asks us important questions about history, memory, choice, kindness, leadership, violence, and much more. Thousands of years later, The Odyssey still matters.  

In this episode I'm joined by historian Alexandra Birch to talk about the role of music and sound in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. We discuss her recent book Hitler's Twilight of the God's: Music and the Orchestration of War and Genocide in Europe, how music and sound contributed to genocide and Nazi identity formation, how the Nazis used music to embed their mythology and ideology into everyday people's lives, the types of music...

Is human morality a facade? What is human nature, when you strip away Civilization? How does "Civilization" respond to the answers to these questions? This is final part in a series on Sigmund Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents." It discusses Freud's broader thesis about the impact of guilt and anxiety on humanity. It also takes a look at human morality, the golden rule, psychoanalytic views of popular politiclal theories, a...