Season 3 | Episode 17 - Understanding the Role of Language in Math Classrooms - Guest: William Zahner

William Zahner, Understanding the Role of Language in Math Classrooms

ROUNDING UP: SEASON 3 | EPISODE 17

How can educators understand the relationship between language and the mathematical concepts and skills students engage with in their classrooms?

And how might educators think about the mathematical demands and the language demands of tasks when planning their instruction? 

In this episode, we discuss these questions with Bill Zahner, director of the Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education at San Diego State University.

BIOGRAPHY

Bill Zahner is a professor in the mathematics department at San Diego State University and the director of the Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education. Zahner's research is focused on improving mathematics learning for all students, especially multilingual students who are classified as English Learners and students from historically marginalized communities that are underrepresented in STEM fields.

RESOURCES

Teaching Math to Multilingual Learners, Grades K–8 by Kathryn B. Chval, Erin Smith, Lina Trigos-Carrillo, and Rachel J. Pinnow

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK– 12

English Learners Success Forum

SDSU-ELSF Video Cases for Professional Development

The Math Learning Center materials

Bridges in Mathematics curriculum

Bridges in Mathematics Teachers Guides [BES login required]

TRANSCRIPT

Mike Wallus: How can educators understand the way that language interacts with the mathematical concepts and skills their students are learning? And how can educators focus on the mathematics of a task without losing sight of its language demands as their planning for instruction? We'll examine these topics with our guest, Bill Zahner, director of the Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education at San Diego State University. 

Welcome to the podcast, Bill. Thank you for joining us today.

Bill Zahner: Oh, thanks. I'm glad to be here.

Mike: So, I'd like to start by asking you to address a few ideas that often surface in conversations around multilingual learners and mathematics. The first is the notion that math is universal, and it's detached from language. What, if anything, is wrong with this idea and what impact might an idea like that have on the ways that we try to support multilingual learners?

Bill: Yeah, thanks for that. That's a great question because I think we have a common-sense and strongly held idea that math is math no matter where you are and who you are. And of course, the example that's always given is something like 2 plus 2 equals 4, no matter who you are or where you are. And that is true, I guess [in] the sense that 2 plus 2 is 4, unless you're in base 3 or something. But that is not necessarily what mathematics in its fullness is. And when we think about what mathematics broadly is, mathematics is a way of thinking and a way of reasoning and a way of using various tools to make sense of the world or to engage with those tools [in] their own right. And oftentimes, that is deeply embedded with language. 

Probably the most straightforward example is anytime I ask someone to justify or explain what they're thinking in mathematics. I'm immediately bringing in language into that case. And we all know the old funny examples where a kid is asked to show their thinking and they draw a diagram of themselves with a thought bubble on a math problem. And that's a really good case where I think a teacher can say, "OK, clearly that was not what I had in mind when I said, 'Show your thinking.'" 

And instead, the demand or the request was for a student to show their reasoning or their thought process, typically in words or in a combination of words and pictures and equations. And so, there's where I see this idea that math is detached from language is something of a myth; that there's actually a lot of [language in] mathematics. And the interesting part of mathematics is often deeply e