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August 24, 2025 17 mins

Insulin doesn’t come with an instruction manual… so we made one (with more banter and fewer scary leaflets).

In this episode of Type 1 Diabetes Explained, Mike & Jack break down basal and bolus insulin in the most relatable way possible — think Netflix subscriptions, pay-per-view blockbusters, and the occasional Morning Glory joke (yep, really).

Whether you’re newly diagnosed or just want a refresher, this chat will help you finally get how basal and bolus work together — without the jargon headache.

💡 What you’ll learn in this episode:

  • What basal insulin actually does (and why it’s your “Netflix subscription”)

  • How bolus insulin works like “inject-per-eat”

  • The dreaded dawn phenomenon (aka Morning Glory 🌅)

  • Why testing basal first makes bolus way easier to manage

  • Real-life disaster stories (yes, we’ve all forgotten a bolus for a Big Mac…)


📌 Memorable quote:“Basal is like the boring flatmate who pays the rent. Bolus is the flashy one who only shows up for parties and occasionally breaks the furniture.”

👉 Got your own insulin mishap or testing tip? Send us your story — we might read it on the pod!

💬 Contact & Community:
🌍 Website: wearet1d.com
📩 Email: wearet1dpodcast@gmail.com
📸 Instagram: @t1d_mike & @t1d_jack
💬 WhatsApp Community: Join here

🔗 Extra resource: Diabetes UK – Types of Insulin

🎧 New Episodes Every Sunday – hit follow so you don’t miss the next one on hypos!

#Type1Diabetes #T1DLife #DiabetesPodcast #WeAreT1D #T1DCommunity #BasalBolus #InsulinGuide #DiabetesExplained

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Transcript

Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
(00:00):
Welcome back to the We Are T1D podcast.
This is type 1 diabetes explained.
I'm Mike. And I'm Jack.
This is the podcast series wherewe take type 1 diabetes, strip
away the boring medical jargon and explain it in normal human
words, with odd bit of nonsense thrown in of course.

(00:23):
I can't forget the nonsense. No.
Episode 2 Today we're getting into basal and bolus, the two
types of insulin that keep us alive.
If you're new to type 1 diabetes, these two words will
pop up constantly. They're basically the yin and
Yang of insulin therapy. You need both working in harmony

(00:46):
and if you don't understand whatbolus and basal are, you might
have heard them as short acting and long acting.
But let's break it down properly.
What is basal insulin? So basil is your background
insulin. Its job is to keep your blood
sugar level steady when you're not eating.

(01:07):
So between meals overnight, all the times that you're not
shoving food in your face. Wait, probably the best way I
can explain it is Basil is like your Netflix subscription.
It's running all the time in thebackground, whether you're
actually watching anything or not.

(01:27):
Exactly, and without it the whole system stops working
properly. And if you're on injections,
basal is long acting insulin as I spoke, spoke about.
And you get types like Lantus, Levemir, Tresiba, I think
there's one called like 2 Geo orsomething like that.
And they're usually taken once or twice a day.

(01:50):
But if you're on a pump, Basil is delivered in tiny amounts all
day and night, and you can change your rate hour by hour to
match your body's needs. Yeah, which is where something
called Dorm Phenomenon comes in.Also known if you're feeling a
bit cheeky like me, Me and Jack.Morning Glory.
And no, no, all right don't meanthat.

(02:12):
And the morning glory. Although some people might get
both. Professional dawn.
Phenomenon, Phenomenon, phenomenon.
Is. When Yeah, it's when your blood

(02:35):
sugar rises early in the morning, usually between about
4:00 AM to 8:00 AM. Mine person is from 3:00 AM on
the dot but that is because of hormones like cortisol.
Growth hormones that could be giving you a kick of energy to
wake you up. I've heard other people refer to
it as foot to floor syndrome. Yes.

(02:58):
The second you step your foot onthat floor.
To wake up 4th, your sugars are active soon as your.
Body is elevated so your sugars but people without diabetes
their pancreas is just fix it automatically for us if our
basil isn't set right and we wake up higher than we went to
bed. Yeah.

(03:19):
So if you're waking up high every morning, it might not be
last night's dinner. It could be your basal rate
knees tweaking. Which brings us some to our next
subject. Which is what Jack?
What is bolus insulin? Right bolus.
Best way to explain this is likeyou're on demand insulin, the

(03:40):
quick fire stuff you take for food or to correct a high.
Yeah, and if Basil is your Netflix subscription, bolus must
be like your pay-per-view. You only buy it when you need
it. Or in our world, inject per eat.
Yeah, yeah, I like that. That's the new T-shirt idea now,
yeah. I'll come up with the design

(04:03):
later. Common bolus insulins are Nova,
Rapid, Humalog B, ASP, and Lumagev.
I hope I'm saying that. There's always one with a funny
name in there. There is in there.
Yeah, there is. They kick in about 10 to 20
minutes and last for a few hours.

(04:24):
Yeah, timing matters. For most meals, you bolus about
10 to 15 minutes before eating, so the insulin starts working
before your blood sugar rises. Yeah, but if you're low before
you're eating, you might bolus right as you start or even
afterwards, especially if you'reeating a fatty meal as well.
So obviously that don't make things worse.

(04:46):
Yeah. And then there's also the I
forgot to bolus, which we've alldone.
What, you mean like when you're offered for a Big Mac and you
suddenly remember that you're diabetic?
Yeah, and then you cued a post meal spike and a lot of swearing
at your CGM. Yeah, I think we've all been
there. We'll do that more often than

(05:06):
not, to be honest. Yeah, hands up.
Me too. So next, how does Basil and
Bolus work together? In theory, Basil and Bolus are
your perfect tag team. Basil keeps the sugar steady in
the background. Bolus jumps in like an action
hero whenever the car show up. Cape on everything.

(05:32):
Yeah, Basil is like the boring, dependable roommate who pays the
rent on time and washes the dishes.
Bolus is the flashy flatmate whoonly turns up for the parties
and occasionally breaks the furniture.
I'm definitely a bonus. I like saying my good pics.
The trick is balance, so if yourbasil is too high you're going

(05:57):
to be constantly eating snacks just to stop yourself from going
low all the time. Which sounds fun until you
realise you've eaten half the kitchen and it's still hypo.
You've been there plenty of times.
Oh yeah, love my fridge. Actually, no, I love my snack
cupboard. Yeah, yes.
We're not going near the fridge.It's chocolate biscuits.

(06:20):
If your basil is too low, you'llbe floating higher than a hot
air balloon all day, no matter how many boluses you throw at
it. And.
Your bolus has its own drama. Too much, you crash, Too little
you spack, Guess the carbs wrong.
You're basically rolling the dice for your blood sugars.
Which is why you don't want to be stuck in what I called the

(06:41):
bolus trap, constantly correcting highs that are
actually caused by bad basal settings.
Picture are having like a leaky roof and you're trying to fix it
by mopping the floor every 20 minutes.
Just fix the roof. Exactly.

(07:03):
And if we keep the Netflix analogy going, Basil is your
monthly subscription that keeps the lights on.
Bolus is the one off Blockbusteryou rent for a Friday night.
But if your subscription is not paid, it doesn't matter how many
movies you buy. Nothing works.
Sometimes you pancreas well, youfake pancreas.

(07:26):
It needs extra management like hormones, stress or illness that
will mess up the balance. Which is basically Netflix
changing the language halfway through a movie or a series.
Or you get exercise episodes. You ever come to the gym and
suddenly thought your bolus is too strong?
It's like like paying a 2 hour film and really realizing it's

(07:50):
actually a 5 minutes long with Atwist at the ending that you
didn't really want. See, the point is Basil and
Bolus need to complement each other.
Get the right, get the background right first, then
Bolus becomes a lot easier to manage.
Yeah, thinking of that Ant and deck.

(08:10):
Basil's a steady one, Bolus is the lively one, but neither
really works without the other. Yeah, which one has the bigger
forehead? No offence.
And the deck, if you're listening, you're probably not,
but. Let's get ready to bowlers.

(08:37):
Get ready. Right back on subject, Jack God.
Yeah. So that moves us on to common
issues, basal and bolus testing.All right, this is where things
get real. Let's talk about the sneaky
trouble of misdiagnosing whetheryou're basal or you're bolus,

(08:58):
the soft key and how to test 1 like a pro basil testing.
Let's go. Oh my.
God, remember, Basil testing is like debugging.
You're always on Netflix subscription, Skip a meal,
monitor your blood sugar, and ifit drifts up or down, Basil

(09:19):
needs a tweak. It's that simple.
Yeah. Fast forward to Reddit and you
get gems like for adjusting basal values.
Your best bet is to do a basal test.
This means fasting for a period of time and monitoring your
sugars. You like my voice?
Yes. That's fantastic.
That's my quotation voice. Let's see you yours come.

(09:43):
On all right and another withouta proper basal rate, it's hard
to lock down bolus and correction ratios.
That's basically You can't bake the cake if the oven's wonky.
Why is the oven wonky? What's that got to do with it?
You can't bake the cake if the oven is broken.
If so, basically if your glucoselevels shoot up, just know your

(10:08):
basil's too low and if it falls to the floor just know it's too
high. And here's another quote because
Reddit nailed it again. If your BG is dropping with
fresh carbs and bolus in your system when it's only the basil
acting on you, then it's too high.
Well done mate. Jolly good Reddit, thank you.

(10:34):
Right now, let's get down to bolus testing the pay-per-view
check. Right now, let's throw Bolus
into the ring. Think of it as your pay-per-view
movie only. It only works if Basil is solid
and you've cued it correctly. Yeah, bolus testing is like

(10:58):
testing that pay-per-view. You need to ensure the timing,
dose and carb ratio all sync up the basil tests first, then
start with a planned carb lobe, say 3030 grams.
Take the bolus as per your insulin, carb ratio.
Track your blood glucose one hour intervals for three to four

(11:20):
hours. Yeah, and if your blood glucose
skyrockets, maybe your ratios are too low.
If you drop after a meal then your ratios might be too high or
your insulin is too strong. Yeah, red earths have been there
too. Let's go.
Oh. Here we go.
Start with your basil. Once you have that set you can

(11:40):
move on to your ICR which is your insulin carb ratio Dose for
a set amounts of carbs with a moderate amount of fat and
protein and check. Super.
There's also talk of certain situations like IE pizzas.

(12:05):
So an extended bolus in two hoursegments, 60% in the 1st and 40%
in the second. The pizza the person ate was 115
grams of carbs. No.
That and that's bolus testing. Levelling up pizzas do not play
fair, so neither should you Bolus really.

(12:27):
Here's why the dual testing matters.
If your basil's off bolus doesn't want to show what it's
really capable of, first fix basil, then test bolus.
Otherwise it's like fine tuning a guitar string while standing
in a wind tunnel. And Please remember your insulin

(12:48):
needs will shift over time, yourhormones will change, your
weight will change, stress couldchange, and your ratios are
going to change with it. So it's not set it and forget it
and it's more like set it and check it every now, every now
and then. Yeah, All right, here's what
bolus, basil and bolus testing looks like in real life.

(13:10):
You start with basil testing. No junk food, just you, your CGM
and a growing hatred of the kitchen.
And yeah, you're sitting there thinking, wow, I didn't know the
time could move so slowly. You're so bored.
You start counting the tiles on the ball.
Then you break into bolus testing.

(13:30):
You pick your first perfect testmeal, something with predictable
carbs and for some reason we allthink pizza.
That would be fun. Yeah, nothing says scientific
perfection like a greasy cheese frisbee with a slow release carb
time bomb in the crust. Yeah, first hour you're feeling
smug. Numbers are steady.

(13:51):
Second hour CGM Arrow starts creeping up like a horror.
Movie villain DM by hour 3 you're basically watching the
glucose graph turn into a ski slope in reverse.
Now you're yelling at CGM like it's like it's Netflix buffering
mid season finale. Oh, could you imagine more of

(14:13):
the story to help with somethingboring for bonus testing?
Maybe a bit of toast, or a bag of crisps or a couple of
biscuits. Whatever.
Save the pizza for Aster. You've mastered the basics.
Or whenever you're ready to filma disaster documentary.
Cameras are all. Right, it's a summary of this
section. Basil testing equals what Jack?

(14:38):
Skip a meal. Check your blood glucose hourly.
And if it's drifting, Basil needs a tweak.
And bolus testing is what Jack? After your basil is stable, you
eat a known carb meal. Check your blood glucose hourly
for about 3 to 4 hours. Yes, and here's some truths from
Reddit. Basil testing matters Without

(15:00):
proper basil bolus looks off. Turbo pizza bolus in 60% first,
40% next. Insulin needs change so testing
isn't a one time job. Now me and Jack are going to
share some personal stories and my one is I once forgot my basil
completely. Next morning my sugars were 24

(15:23):
lows. Trust me, I felt like I'd been
run over by a bus and it reversed.
Well, I had a problem with basilas well, but it weren't.
I forgot it, it was just wrong for quite a long time.
I. Just I just couldn't put my
finger on what it was. But yeah, I finally got it.

(15:44):
It literally needed tweaking by 1 unit.
That was all it was. Yeah.
So guys, just remember these basil equals your background
insulin like your Netflix subscription running 24/7.
Bolus is your pay-per-view blockbuster.
It's a one off dose for the foodor corrections.

(16:05):
Yep, and Morning Glory AKA Dawn phenomenon equals an early
morning riots, often fixed with basil tweaks.
Always fix your basil first before fiddling with your bolus.
You're not talking about warningglory again, are you?
No. OK.
And don't forget, sometimes you'll need to retune both,

(16:26):
especially with changes in routine, exercise or stress,
literally anything. Yeah.
Oh, I inject per E is on the T-shirt, coming soon.
I don't care. We're doing much.
OK, be ready for Christmas. Yes, right.
Anyways, that's it for episode 2of Type 1 Diabetes Explained.

(16:48):
Next time, we're diving into thecritical hypoglycemia management
spotting, treating and avoiding them dangerous lows.
Yeah, so if you've got a basil or bolus disaster story, send it
in. We might read it on the show in
our listener story episodes. Yeah, 100% the emails in the

(17:09):
show's notes down below. I'm sure everybody knows it by
now. Yeah, and stay steady.
And remember, don't skip your Netflix subscription even if you
have Disney Plus or another subscription service, OK?
Yeah, or you're in Jet Prairie. All right, now let's see you

(17:30):
same time, same place next week.Yeah.
Thanks everyone. Cheers.
Goodbye.
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