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April 29, 2025 9 mins
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(00:01):
Welcome to After Wine School, the podcast that demystifies wine and makes it approachable for everyone.
Join Keith Wallace and Alana Zerbe, two of the nation's leading wine experts, as they uncork everything you need to know about wine, from picking the right bottle to mastering unforgettable food and wine pairings.
This isn't about stuffy lectures or confusing jargon.

(00:24):
It's about enjoying wine the way it's meant to be.
So grab a glass.
And let's dive in.
Don't forget to subscribe to After Wine School today.
In this episode, Keith is flying solo, answering some of the most frequently asked questions from his Wine 101 classes and the Level One program at the National Wine School.

(00:46):
Unfortunately, Alana is away on a truffle-hunting adventure somewhere in the Rhône Valley, accompanied by Samantha, a talking miniature donkey.

Samantha’s colorful past includes a stint on George Orwell’s Animal Farm (00:55):
The Musical, where she developed a taste for the high life—but she’s on a better path now, helping Alana sniff out culinary treasures.
OK.
Let's get started. 13 00:01:09,637.5 --> 00:01:24,295 For the first question from all the wine lovers out there: what are the essential white wines We should know? There are only four major white grape varieties? These encompass 95 percent of all white wines drunk in the world.

(01:24):
.9They are Pinot Grigio, Pinot Grigio is everywhere. 15 00:01:27,269.9 --> 00:01:28,319.9 Most of it's plonk. 16 00:01:28,809.9 --> 00:01:34,609.9 Some of it is beautiful and amazing, especially the stuff from far in the north in Italy.
.9Sauvignon Blanc. 18 00:01:36,529.9 --> 00:01:37,989.899 Everyone knows Sauvignon Blanc. 19 00:01:38,69.9 --> 00:01:38,989.9 It's everywhere. 20 00:01:39,319.9 --> 00:01:48,59.9 It's got that really interesting grapefruit, but even more interesting, the pyrazine notes, that green pepper thing that you'll never forget once you smell it. 21 00:01:49,429.9 --> 00:01:50,169.9 Riesling. 22 00:01:50,499.9 --> 00:01:51,79.9 Sure. 23 00:01:51,199.9 --> 00:01:57,869.9 A lot of Rieslings are sweet in America, but that, that's not Is an underestimation of how amazing this grape can be. 24 00:01:58,399.9 --> 00:01:59,429.8 And finally, Chardonnay. 25 00:01:59,429.9 --> 00:02:05,539.9 Chardonnay also, it gets a bad rap in America, but this is the white grape of Burgundy. 26 00:02:06,9.9 --> 00:02:09,69.8995 These wines can be beautiful and amazing. 27 00:02:09,69.8995 --> 00:02:11,69.9 You really got to try the great stuff. 28 00:02:11,869.9 --> 00:02:17,302.4 Thank you! What are the essential red wines? Before we started recording, you said there are five of them. 29 00:02:18,7.4 --> 00:02:19,127.4 Let's talk about them. 30 00:02:20,7.399 --> 00:02:21,497.4 First, Pinot Noir. 31 00:02:21,797.4 --> 00:02:24,282.4 Famous, amazing, Old. 32 00:02:24,512.4 --> 00:02:25,992.4 Everyone knows Pinot. 33 00:02:26,2.4 --> 00:02:28,362.4 Drink it, love it, enjoy it. 34 00:02:28,782.4 --> 00:02:30,142.4 Sangiovese. 35 00:02:30,292.4 --> 00:02:37,792.4 It's very similar to Pinot in that it's high acid, low tannins, light bodied, beautiful and elegant. 36 00:02:37,882.399 --> 00:02:39,882.399 This is the grape of Chianti. 37 00:02:40,472.399 --> 00:02:41,782.4 And actually Brunello. 38 00:02:42,532.4 --> 00:02:44,42.4 Absolutely fantastic wines. 39 00:02:45,502.4 --> 00:02:46,702.4 Grenache. 40 00:02:47,92.4 --> 00:02:51,242.4 Now Grenache is a stellar under drunk wine. 41 00:02:51,472.4 --> 00:02:55,92.4 Well, you drink it, you just don't even know what it was. 42 00:02:55,402.399 --> 00:03:02,132.4 It's the grape of the Rhone, of Northern Spain, of some of the islands in Italy. 43 00:03:02,162.399 --> 00:03:04,82.4 It's an amazing grape variety. 44 00:03:05,252.4 --> 00:03:08,352.4 Full bodied, low, low acid. 45 00:03:09,57.4 --> 00:03:23,617.4 And just amazing greek like this really interesting lavender and marjoram and thyme flavors And then just big and jammy and figgy with just a little bit of medicinal notes fantastic wine syrah. 46 00:03:24,387.4 --> 00:03:30,352.4 Oh Syrah is That wine it's Unmistakable. 47 00:03:30,582.4 --> 00:03:31,752.4 It's varietal fingerprint. 48 00:03:31,752.4 --> 00:03:33,652.4 It's nose, pure game. 49 00:03:34,672.4 --> 00:03:36,102.4 It can be bacon fat. 50 00:03:36,112.4 --> 00:03:37,392.4 It can be roadkill. 51 00:03:37,422.4 --> 00:03:38,832.4 It can be roast beef. 52 00:03:39,62.4 --> 00:03:41,402.399 It can be fresh arterial blood flow. 53 00:03:41,772.4 --> 00:03:42,972.4 It is intense. 54 00:03:42,982.4 --> 00:03:48,492.3 It's absolutely amazing, but most vegetarians and vegans really don't like this wine for what it is. 55 00:03:48,492.3 --> 00:03:55,52.3 And finally we have Cabernet Sauvignon, full bodied, full tannins, medium acidity. 56 00:03:55,512.299 --> 00:04:00,922.3 Its varietal fingerprint is actually very similar to Sauvignon Blanc, pyrazine. 57 00:04:00,942.3 --> 00:04:02,592.3 They're related, FYI. 58 00:04:02,932.3 --> 00:04:09,672.3 But Cabernet Sauvignon is such a beautiful, elegant red wine, while Sauvignon Blanc is, of course, A white wine. 59 00:04:11,512.3 --> 00:04:27,472.3 After wine school is proudly supported by the National Wine School, the gold standard, and professional wine certifications, whether you're dreaming of a career in the wine industry or just eager to take your wine knowledge to the next level, the National Wine School has you covered. 60 00:04:27,912.3 --> 00:04:33,282.3 Their programs are trusted, rigorous, and designed for aspiring wine pros like you. 61 00:04:35,702.3 --> 00:04:40,382.3 Visit Wine School us to learn more and start your journey today. 62 00:04:42,802.3 --> 00:04:44,202.3 I do love me some Grenache. 63 00:04:44,252.3 --> 00:04:46,899.8 So, what is wine, exactly? It's a deep question. 64 00:04:48,339.8 --> 00:04:49,439.8 Let me give it a shot. 65 00:04:50,249.8 --> 00:04:57,729.699 Primarily the first thing wine is made with a specific grape variety called vitis vinifera vinifera. 66 00:04:57,729.799 --> 00:05:03,669.8 We've been making wine from this grave for thousands and thousands of years. 67 00:05:04,9.8 --> 00:05:07,219.8 It predates all of our languages and all of our cultures. 68 00:05:07,219.8 --> 00:05:08,949.8 It is that ancient. 69 00:05:11,639.8 --> 00:05:13,489.8 There's a couple of things to define wine. 70 00:05:13,499.8 --> 00:05:14,889.8 First off, it's fermented. 71 00:05:15,654.8 --> 00:05:26,304.799 You ferment sugars into alcohol, obviously, that's what wine is, but it's also preserved traditionally with SO2 and then it's aged. 72 00:05:26,314.8 --> 00:05:35,434.801 It has to be aged, sometimes in oak, sometimes in tank, but these days always in a bottle so that it actually can be shipped to you and you can enjoy it at home. 73 00:05:36,384.801 --> 00:05:36,774.801 So.. 74 00:05:36,864.801 --> 00:05:43,169.801 why do wines taste different from one another? Why do wines taste different? Let's cover the basics. 75 00:05:43,299.801 --> 00:05:44,89.801 Number one. 76 00:05:44,909.8 --> 00:05:47,209.801 It depends on what wine grape you're using. 77 00:05:47,559.8 --> 00:06:00,899.801 Are you making a white wine with Sauvignon Blanc or Riesling? Are you making a red wine with Sangiovese or Cabernet? All these grapes have varietal differences, different flavors, different acids, different tannins. 78 00:06:01,79.801 --> 00:06:04,649.801 But that's not the half of it. 79 00:06:04,829.801 --> 00:06:14,159.8 You add that, and then you add how long until you harvest, right? It's not intuitive. 80 00:06:14,549.801 --> 00:06:24,649.801 If you wait to harvest, you're going to get more sugars and less acid, which may seem nice because that means you're going to have a, a softer, bigger, higher alcohol wine. 81 00:06:24,779.801 --> 00:06:26,359.801 But that's not always the case. 82 00:06:26,839.801 --> 00:06:33,89.801 A lot of times you want more acidity than alcohol in your wines to make them taste balanced and fresh and delicious. 83 00:06:35,569.801 --> 00:06:44,779.801 And then how do you ferment it? Cause we have hundreds of different yeast that we can use to ferment and some yeast will push your fruit flavors. 84 00:06:44,789.801 --> 00:06:50,459.801 Some will push your pigmentation so that your red wines are richer in color. 85 00:06:50,889.801 --> 00:06:55,249.801 Some will actually accentuate like funky layered flavors. 86 00:06:55,249.801 --> 00:06:56,649.801 It really depends. 87 00:06:58,74.801 --> 00:07:05,274.801 And then finally, what do you age your wines in? At a winery, we're going to age our wines in oak sometimes. 88 00:07:05,314.801 --> 00:07:16,544.8 And what kind of oak? Are we using American oak, French oak? How old is that oak? Is it new? Is it two years? Is it a hundred years old? All of these change the flavors of your wine. 89 00:07:16,794.801 --> 00:07:18,694.801 And sometimes we don't even use oak. 90 00:07:18,694.801 --> 00:07:22,964.801 Sometimes we age in stainless steel or even in concrete vats. 91 00:07:23,664.801 --> 00:07:27,394.801 All of these things are the reason why, the basic reason why. 92 00:07:27,889.801 --> 00:07:29,289.801 Wines taste different. 93 00:07:30,89.801 --> 00:07:31,679.801 and here's one from my mom, actually. 94 00:07:32,19.801 --> 00:07:35,14.801 Are Rieslings always sweet? This is a great question. 95 00:07:35,784.801 --> 00:07:40,704.8 Are Rieslings always sweet? No, they're not. 96 00:07:41,664.801 --> 00:07:48,724.801 You know, they usually are in the United States for a good reason, because that's what the market demands. 97 00:07:49,324.801 --> 00:07:52,234.801 Winemakers can make any wine sweet. 98 00:07:52,314.801 --> 00:07:56,54.801 All you have to do is stop fermentation. 99 00:07:56,304.801 --> 00:07:57,974.701 Stop the process of turning any wine sweet. 100 00:07:58,584.801 --> 00:08:03,854.801 sugar into alcohol, you can actually stop it many ways. 101 00:08:04,114.801 --> 00:08:04,934.801 You can chill it. 102 00:08:05,164.801 --> 00:08:07,814.801 You can hit it with SO2, many different ways. 103 00:08:08,114.801 --> 00:08:10,994.801 But if you stop it, you're going to have a sweet wine. 104 00:08:13,574.801 --> 00:08:23,164.801 That happens a lot with Rieslings because a lot of Americans expect Rieslings to be sweet and winemakers, we make wines for people, not the other way around. 105 00:08:23,674.801 --> 00:08:24,84.801 So. 106 00:08:24,959.801 --> 00:08:27,809.801 If people want sweet wines, we give them sweet wines. 107 00:08:28,599.801 --> 00:08:30,829.801 Is that good for you? Not really. 108 00:08:31,319.801 --> 00:08:34,399.801 Would I prefer you to drink dry wines? Absolutely. 109 00:08:35,349.801 --> 00:08:35,569.801 Ok. 110 00:08:35,899.801 --> 00:08:36,329.801 Good good. 111 00:08:36,499.801 --> 00:08:37,239.801 I'll tell my mom. 112 00:08:37,719.801 --> 00:08:41,879.801 So here is a question I think may piss you off, but I am going to ask you anyways. 113 00:08:42,9.801 --> 00:09:06,69.801 What are the best wines? Well, that's not a question that's easy to answer because it's very much subjective and not Objective what usually people mean instead of saying what's the best wines what they usually mean is what wine am I gonna like? And that's a really different question And that depends on whether you're a super taster or a tolerant taster. 114 00:09:06,419.801 --> 00:09:10,974.801 It really also depends on on where you're at in your wine life. 115 00:09:10,984.801 --> 00:09:26,204.801 Are you a newbie? Are you, uh, really just into simple 10 bottles of wine? Are you a sommelier? Are you an advanced sommelier? Are you in your level two program? All these things will come into play on whether you're going to like a wine or not. 116 00:09:26,734.801 --> 00:09:31,924.8 And, and it's impossible for me to answer that without knowing it. 117 00:09:33,14.8 --> 00:09:33,284.8 Yeah. 118 00:09:33,284.8 --> 00:09:38,944.801 So if I ever see you in a wine class, feel free, I can probably figure it out in about 10 minutes. 119 00:09:39,869.801 --> 00:09:44,679.801 But until then, thanks for spending time with us on After Wine School. 120 00:09:45,219.801 --> 00:09:52,329.8 If you enjoyed today's episode, hit subscribe so you never miss out on more wine wisdom, tips, and laughs.
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