Chinese Quantum Chip Rivals Willow, Vibe Coding's Rise in Software Development, and the Universe May Exist in Black Hole

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In this episode of 'Discover Daily', we explore China's quantum computing breakthrough with Zuchongzhi 3.0, a 105-qubit processor that dramatically outperforms classical supercomputers. This remarkable machine completed in minutes what would take the world's fastest supercomputer billions of years, showcasing a quantum advantage 10 quadrillion times faster than traditional computing methods. The Chinese quantum processor goes head-to-head with Google's Willow chip in the ongoing global quantum race.

We also dive into the emerging trend of 'vibe coding' - a revolutionary approach to software development where AI generates code based on natural language descriptions. This shift is transforming the industry, reducing developer burnout, democratizing software creation, and reshaping computer science education as developers evolve from code writers to AI collaborators and system architects.

Our main story examines a stunning discovery from the James Webb Space Telescope that could support the theory that our universe exists inside a black hole. The telescope revealed that approximately 66% of early galaxies rotate clockwise - a pattern that challenges our understanding of cosmic structure. We explore 'Schwarzschild cosmology,' which proposes that our observable universe exists within a black hole in a larger universe, and discuss alternative explanations for this unexpected galactic rotation pattern.

From Perplexity's Discover Feed:

https://www.perplexity.ai/page/chinese-quantum-chip-rivals-wi-Q2Ff3OkQQU6oarXoYWkr2w

https://www.perplexity.ai/page/vibe-coding-s-rise-in-software-.OYRvZGhSlGYIqjRND04fA

https://www.perplexity.ai/page/universe-may-exist-in-black-ho-8smVpPnEQjCmmvsfihoOsA

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Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:02):
Welcome to Discover Daily, by Perplexity, your
AI-curated digest ofbreakthroughs in tech, science
and culture.
My name's Myles.
Today we're exploring afascinating theory about our
universe potentially existinginside a black hole.
But first let's look at whatelse is happening across the
realms of quantum computing andsoftware development is

(00:23):
happening across the realms ofquantum computing and software
development.
Chinese scientists have unveiledZhu Chongzhi 3.0, a new quantum
computer that's making waves inthe tech world.
Think of it as China's answerto Google's advanced quantum
processors, but with someimpressive advantages.
This new machine, developed atthe University of Science and
Technology of China, can solvecertain problems at

(00:47):
mind-boggling speeds that wouldleave our most powerful
traditional supercomputers inthe dust.
So what makes Zuchong-Z 3.0special?
At its heart are 105 qubits,the quantum equivalent of
traditional computer bits,arranged in a rectangular grid.
While traditional computers usebits that are either 0 or 1,
qubits can exist in multiplestates simultaneously, giving

(01:10):
quantum computers theirextraordinary power.
The Chinese team has achievedremarkable precision in
controlling these qubits, withaccuracy rates exceeding 99%
crucial for reliable quantumcalculations.
99% crucial for reliablequantum calculations.
To demonstrate its capabilities, researchers put Zuchang-Z 3.0
through a complex test using 83of its qubits.

(01:32):
The quantum processor completedthe task in just minutes,
generating a million differentsolutions.
To put this in perspective, ifyou asked Frontier, one of the
world's fastest supercomputers,to solve the same problem, it
would need about 5.9 billionyears.
That's longer than the Earthhas existed.
We're talking about a quantumadvantage that's 10 quadrillion

(01:55):
times faster than classicalcomputing a truly astronomical
difference.
In the ongoing quantum race,zuchang-z 3.0 goes head-to-head
with Google's latest quantumprocessors.
While Google's Willow processorhas similar qubit numbers and
slightly better stability insome areas, the Chinese team

(02:16):
pushed their machine to runlarger, more complex
calculations.
Researchers claim theirprocessor performs a million
times faster than Google'searlier Sycamore processor on
certain specialized tasks.
Looking ahead, the nextfrontier for quantum computers
like Xuchang-Z 3.0 will bereducing errors.
As these machines grow morepowerful, scientists are

(02:38):
developing new ways to makequantum calculations more
reliable through errorcorrection, better qubit quality
and more efficient processingand smarter integration between
quantum hardware and thesoftware that controls it.
These advancements couldeventually lead to quantum
computers that solve problemscurrently considered impossible.

(02:59):
Moving on to our second segment,we're seeing a significant
shift in software developmentwith the rise of vibe coding
that emerged in early 2025.
This AI-dependent approach,coined by computer scientist
Andrej Karpathy, allowsprogrammers to describe their
intentions in natural languageand let artificial intelligence
generate most of the actual code.

(03:19):
Vibe Coding represents aparadigm shift where developers
quote fully, give in to thevibes and let AI handle most of
the coding process.
Fully give in to the vibes andlet AI handle most of the coding
process.
This approach involvesdescribing project requirements
in plain language to AIassistants, which then generate
code, troubleshoot issues andimplement features.
A key aspect of vibe coding isthat developers often accept

(03:43):
code without fully understandingit.
This trend has catalyzed asignificant shift towards
voice-to-code programming, wheredevelopers can articulate their
ideas verbally and have AItranslate them into functional
code.
Tools like Cursor allowprogrammers to speak their
intentions and receiveAI-generated code in response.
This transition is particularlybeneficial for neurodivergent

(04:06):
developers, as it accommodatesdifferent cognitive styles and
reduces barriers to entry in thefield.
The advent of vibe coding israpidly transforming the
software development industry.
Companies embracing thisapproach report a 30% reduction
in developer turnover, as theculture shifts to prioritize
well-being and creativity overtechnical minutia.
Ai-assisted development isdemocratizing software creation,

(04:30):
allowing non-coders to designand launch demos and experiences
.
The role of developers isevolving from code writers to AI
collaborators and systemarchitects.
This shift is promptingsignificant changes in computer
science education.
Traditional coding curriculaare being re-evaluated to
incorporate AI-assisteddevelopment techniques and tools

(04:50):
.
Universities and coding bootcamps are introducing courses
that focus on prompt engineering, ai collaboration and
high-level system design, ratherthan solely on syntax and
algorithms.

(05:12):
Now let's dive into our mainstory of the day.
A significant discovery by theJames Webb Space Telescope has
revealed an unexpected patternin galaxy rotation, potentially
supporting the theory that ouruniverse exists inside a black
hole.
According to a study publishedin the Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society,approximately 66% of early

(05:34):
galaxies rotate clockwise,challenging our current
understanding of cosmicstructure and origins.
The JWST Advanced DeepExtragalactic Survey examined
263 galaxies, revealing astriking imbalance in their
rotational directions.
Approximately 66% of theseearly galaxies rotate clockwise,

(05:55):
while only 33% rotatecounterclockwise, contradicting
the expected 50-50 randomdistribution.
This significant disparity isso pronounced that it can be
observed, without specializedknowledge, visible to the naked
eye.
In JWST images, black holecosmology, also known as
Schwarzschild cosmology,proposes that our observable

(06:18):
universe exists within a blackhole situated in a larger
universe.
This theory suggests that theevent horizon of a black hole
serves as the boundary of ourvisible universe.
According to this model, everyblack hole in our cosmos could
potentially be a portal to aseparate baby universe.
Key aspects of black holecosmology include the idea that

(06:39):
the collapse of matter into ablack hole may lead to a bounce
and expansion similar to the BigBang.
This model could explain cosmicobservations without requiring
assumptions like inflation, darkmatter or dark energy.
The theory aligns with therecent JWST findings of a
preferred direction in earlygalaxy rotation, which
challenges conventionalcosmological models.

(07:01):
However, an alternativeexplanation has been proposed
the Earth's motion effecthypothesis.
This theory suggests that ourplanet's movement through space
could create an observationalbias, potentially accounting for
the unexpected distribution ofgalaxy rotations.
The Earth's motion relative tothe cosmic microwave background

(07:21):
may influence our perception ofdistant galaxies, creating an
apparent preferred direction ingalaxy rotation.
That's all for today's episodeof Discover Daily.
Our deep research feature,launched earlier this month, now

(07:45):
analyzes hundreds of sources inminutes.
Think of it as deploying apersonal research team through
our web and mobile platforms.
This cutting-edge tool combinesautonomous reasoning with rapid
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specialized topics.
Thanks for listening.
We'll be back with more storiesthat shape our world.
Until then, stay curious.