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January 24, 2025 • 21 mins

Text Me Your Questions

Are you struggling with the heart-wrenching decision of behavioral euthanasia for your beloved dog? Join us as we navigate this emotionally charged topic with empathy and understanding. Discover how recognizing early warning signs of severe aggression or extreme anxiety can be crucial in managing your pet's behavior. We'll share real-life scenarios and emphasize that choosing behavioral euthanasia is never a reflection of failure, but rather a decision made from deep compassion. We'll also explore how understanding dog body language and assessing quality of life can guide you through these tough choices, with invaluable insights from veterinary professionals.

Gain clarity and comfort as we discuss the emotional aftermath and provide practical strategies to cope with the grief that follows such a decision. Explore the essentials of full behavioral history disclosure and the various management options available, such as behavioral modification and medication. By highlighting professional guidance from veterinarians and support groups, we aim to build a supportive community for those facing these difficult decisions. Our goal is to foster open conversations and offer resources to help you navigate this challenging journey with love and understanding.

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Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to another deep dive.
Today we're tackling a topicthat can be a bit tough,
honestly, but it's surprisinglycommon in the dog world.
Yeah definitely we're talkingabout behavioral euthanasia and
you know it's not exactly lightdinner conversation, but it's
something we need to talk about,especially for anyone who's you
know gone through this or mightbe facing this difficult choice

(00:22):
.
You've given me some reallyfascinating articles to work
with, from vets, trainers, eventhe American Kennel Club, so our
goal today is to reallyunderstand, you know, when this
decision might even beconsidered and what it means for
the dog and the owner.
It's heavy stuff, but we'regoing to break it down with
compassion and understanding.

Speaker 2 (00:41):
Absolutely.
I think it's a topic that a lotof people shy away from, but I
think it's incredibly importantwe have open discussions about
it, especially, you know, as wedive into this material, we're
going to see that behavioralissues are actually a leading
cause of euthanasia in youngdogs.
Wow, even more so than medicalproblems.

Speaker 1 (00:58):
That's a statistic that I was really surprised by.
So let's start with the basics.
What exactly defines behavioraleuthanasia?

Speaker 2 (01:06):
So it's the decision to humanely end a pet's life
when their behavior poses asevere and unmanageable risk to
themselves, to other animals orto humans.
And it's important to emphasizehere that we're not talking
about minor annoyances or, youknow, things that are just a
little frustrating for an owner.
We're talking about extremecases where the dog's behavior

(01:29):
creates a truly unsafeenvironment.

Speaker 1 (01:32):
So not your everyday you know, barking or pulling on
the leash, kind of stuff.

Speaker 2 (01:35):
Exactly Not a quick fix for everyday training
challenges.

Speaker 1 (01:38):
Gotcha Okay.
So we're talking about reallyserious situations and I know
from the articles you gave meaggression is a big one that
often comes up.
Can you talk a little bit moreabout that?
What are some of the differentforms of aggression that might
lead to this difficult decision?

Speaker 2 (01:52):
Well, aggression can definitely take many forms.
You know, you might have a dogwho's aggressive towards other
dogs or other animals.
You might have a dog who'saggressive towards people, and
one of the articles actuallyshared a really heartbreaking
story about a family dog who wasnormally very gentle but had

(02:12):
become increasingly possessiveof his food bowl, and one day
the family's young childapproached while the dog was
eating, and the dog in a momentof oh gosh bit the child
severely oh, wow a really tragicsituation.

Speaker 1 (02:28):
That kind of highlighted how quickly things
can escalate yeah, when you'redealing with these really severe
behavioral issues yeah, that'sa really powerful example of how
even a dog, whose beloved partof the family, can become
dangerous in certaincircumstances absolutely and it
really underscores theimportance of recognizing those
warning signs early on, right,and seeking professional help

(02:50):
when you start to see those redflags.
So aggression is obviously ahuge one.
But what are some other severebehavioral problems that might
lead an owner to consider thisoption?

Speaker 2 (03:00):
Well, extreme anxiety is a really common issue.
You know, some dogs experienceseparation anxiety.

Speaker 1 (03:05):
Right.

Speaker 2 (03:06):
So severe that they injure themselves trying to
escape confinement when they'releft alone.

Speaker 1 (03:10):
Oh.

Speaker 2 (03:10):
Others have phobias, you know, maybe a paralyzing
fear of loud noises or ofcertain people that make it
almost impossible for them tofunction in everyday life.

Speaker 1 (03:18):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (03:19):
And some dogs live in a near constant state of
anxiety.
Gosh Hypervigilant, easilystartled.

Speaker 1 (03:26):
It sounds like those dogs are really suffering.
They are yeah.

Speaker 2 (03:29):
And it could be heartbreaking to witness, as
someone who works with dogs andsees these cases.
Yeah, and I think in thesesituations, the decision to even
consider behavioral euthanasiaoften comes from a place of deep
compassion, yeah, a desire toprevent further suffering when
all other options have trulybeen exhausted.

Speaker 1 (03:49):
I can only imagine the emotional toll this must
take on owners who findthemselves in this position.
It must feel like an impossiblechoice.

Speaker 2 (03:56):
Absolutely, and that's why I think you know open
and honest conversations withveterinary professionals, with
behaviorists, even with trustedfriends and family is so crucial
.
You know.
It's important to remember thatmaking this decision doesn't
mean you failed as a pet ownerRight, it's a complex situation
and there's support available.

Speaker 1 (04:15):
Absolutely so.
I'm curious, in your experience, what are some of the most
difficult signs for owners torecognize?
When a dog's behavior hascrossed that line, from
challenging to unmanageable.

Speaker 2 (04:28):
That's a great question.

Speaker 1 (04:29):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (04:30):
I think one of the biggest challenges is
recognizing the differencebetween a dog who's simply
scared Right and a dog whosefear is driving them to
dangerous behaviors.

Speaker 1 (04:41):
Okay.

Speaker 2 (04:41):
So a fearful dog might cower, they might try to
hide Right dangerous behaviors.
Okay, so a fearful dog mightcower, they might try to hide
Right.
But a dog acting out of fearcan become aggressive, lashing
out at anyone or anything theyperceive as a threat.
Gotcha, it's a subtle butreally important distinction.

Speaker 1 (04:54):
So it sounds like observing the dog's body
language and understanding thecontext of their behavior
Absolutely Is really key.

Speaker 2 (05:00):
It is, and I think another challenge is recognizing
when your own emotions might beclouding your judgment.
You know it's natural to loveyour dog and to want to believe
that things will get better.

Speaker 1 (05:10):
Right.

Speaker 2 (05:11):
But sometimes you need to take a step back and
really assess the situationobjectively.
Yeah, and ask yourself, is mydog's quality of life truly
compromised, right, and are theyposing a genuine risk to
themselves or others?

Speaker 1 (05:27):
Those are tough questions to ask yourself.

Speaker 2 (05:29):
They are, but they're essential questions.

Speaker 1 (05:31):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (05:31):
And that's why it's so important to involve
veterinary professionals in thisprocess.
They can provide a moreunbiased assessment of the dog's
behavior, right.
They can help you understandthe risks involved, yeah, and
they can really guide youthrough that incredibly
difficult decision-makingprocess.

Speaker 1 (05:45):
Yeah, so it sounds like having that external
perspective can be reallyinvaluable.
It's like having a trustedadvisor to help you navigate
these really complex ethical andemotional waters.

Speaker 2 (05:57):
Exactly, and that's what it's all about.
It's about seeking support andmaking informed decisions that
truly prioritize the well-beingof your dog.

Speaker 1 (06:05):
Even in the most challenging of circumstances,
exactly.
Well, we've talked about someof the really heartbreaking
scenarios that might lead anowner to consider behavioral
euthanasia.
Yeah, but before we delvedeeper into that decision-making
process, I think it's reallyimportant to explore the
alternatives Right, because, asyou mentioned earlier, this is
not meant to be a first resort.

(06:26):
It's really a last resort whenall other options have been
exhausted, so let's shift gearsa bit and talk about what those
alternatives are.
What can owners do when they'refaced with these really severe
behavioral challenges in theirdogs?

Speaker 2 (06:41):
Yeah, that's a great place to go next.

Speaker 1 (06:43):
So before the break we were talking about, you know,
some of those alternatives tobehavioral euthanasia.

Speaker 2 (06:47):
Right.

Speaker 1 (06:47):
So let's dive into that.
What's the first step an ownershould take when they're facing
these really serious behavioralproblems with their dog?

Speaker 2 (06:55):
Well, the first step is always a thorough medical
evaluation.

Speaker 1 (06:58):
Oh, okay.

Speaker 2 (06:59):
Because sometimes what appears to be a purely
behavioral issue, can actuallystem from an underlying medical
condition.
Interesting.

Speaker 1 (07:07):
You know, things like pain, hormonal imbalances,
neurological problems.

Speaker 2 (07:11):
Right.

Speaker 1 (07:11):
These can all manifest in really unexpected
ways, including aggression,anxiety, even compulsive
behaviors.

Speaker 2 (07:19):
So it's like ruling out any physical causes before
we assume it's all in the dog'shead, so to speak.

Speaker 1 (07:25):
Exactly, and addressing those medical issues
can sometimes lead to traumaticimprovements in behavior.

Speaker 2 (07:31):
Wow, so that's a really important first step.
Absolutely, but even when theroot cause is behavioral.

Speaker 1 (07:36):
Right.

Speaker 2 (07:37):
You mentioned behaviorists earlier.
What role do they play in thisprocess?

Speaker 1 (07:41):
Certified behaviorists are crucial.
Okay, they have specializedtraining in animal behavior
crucial.
They have specialized trainingin animal behavior and they can
conduct a really comprehensiveassessment to determine the
underlying causes of the dog'sissues and then they can develop
a really personalized treatmentplan that might include a range
of approaches.

Speaker 2 (07:59):
Like.
What kind of approaches are wetalking about?

Speaker 1 (08:01):
Well, one common approach is behavioral
modification.

Speaker 2 (08:03):
Which uses techniques like desensitization and
counter-cond, counterconditioning, to change the
dog's emotional response totriggers.

Speaker 1 (08:09):
So can you give me an example of that?
Yeah, sure.

Speaker 2 (08:12):
So, for example, if a dog is terrified of loud noises
, a behaviorist might graduallyexpose them to those noises at a
very low level.
Okay, pairing the sound withpositive reinforcement, like
treats or praise.
Right the sound with positivereinforcement like treats or
praise Right and over time thedog learns to associate that
once feared noise with somethingpositive.

Speaker 1 (08:33):
Gotcha.

Speaker 2 (08:34):
Reducing their fear.

Speaker 1 (08:35):
response so it's like rewiring their brain to change
their association with somethingthat was previously scary or
stressful.

Speaker 2 (08:42):
That's a great way to put it.

Speaker 1 (08:43):
And another approach you mentioned was management.
Can you talk a bit more aboutwhat that involves?

Speaker 2 (08:48):
Yeah, so management is all about making changes to
the dog's environment tominimize triggers and reduce the
risk of dangerous situations,so this can involve things like
using barriers to separate dogswho don't get along.

Speaker 1 (09:01):
Right.

Speaker 2 (09:01):
Providing safe spaces for anxious dogs to retreat to,
or even just avoidingsituations that are known to
trigger problematic behaviors.

Speaker 1 (09:09):
So it's about creating a structure and
environment that sets the dog upfor success.

Speaker 2 (09:15):
Exactly.

Speaker 1 (09:16):
And I know sometimes medication is also recommended.
When does that come into play?

Speaker 2 (09:20):
Yeah, medication can definitely be helpful in some
cases.
Okay, particularly for dogswith severe anxiety or
aggression.

Speaker 1 (09:27):
Right.

Speaker 2 (09:28):
And it can kind of help to stabilize their mood and
reduce those symptoms which canmake other therapies, like
behavioral modification, moreeffective.
Gotcha.

Speaker 1 (09:38):
So it's like giving them a little extra support
while they're learning those newcoping mechanisms.

Speaker 2 (09:43):
Yeah, exactly.

Speaker 1 (09:43):
Now, you also mentioned rehoming as a
potential alternative.
Can you talk a bit more aboutthat?
When might that be anappropriate option?

Speaker 2 (09:52):
Yeah, rehoming can be a viable option in certain
situations, especially when thedog's behavioral issues are
triggered by very specificfactors that could be avoided in
a new environment.

Speaker 1 (10:03):
So give me an example .

Speaker 2 (10:04):
Sure.
So, for instance, if a dog'saggression is primarily directed
towards children and thecurrent household has young
children, Right.
Rehoming to a child-free homemight be a solution.

Speaker 1 (10:15):
Yeah, but it's not a decision to be taken lightly
obviously Absolutely not.

Speaker 2 (10:19):
Yeah, there are significant ethical
considerations.

Speaker 1 (10:22):
Right.

Speaker 2 (10:23):
Full disclosure of the dog's behavioral history is
essential, of course, to ensurethe safety of any potential new
owners.

Speaker 1 (10:30):
You wouldn't want to put another family at risk.

Speaker 2 (10:32):
Exactly.
Without them having all theinformation and finding a
suitable home for a dog withbehavioral challenges can be
challenging.

Speaker 1 (10:39):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (10:39):
It often requires working with specialized rescue
organizations, right orbehaviorists who have experience
with placing dogs inappropriate homes.

Speaker 1 (10:47):
So it's not as simple as just finding someone willing
to take the dog.

Speaker 2 (10:51):
No, not at all.

Speaker 1 (10:52):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (10:52):
It's really about finding the right fit to ensure
both the dogs and the newfamily's well-being.

Speaker 1 (10:58):
Absolutely so.
We've talked about medicalevaluations, behavioral
modification, management,medication and rehoming.
Yeah, it sounds like there area lot of tools in the toolbox.

Speaker 2 (11:08):
There are.

Speaker 1 (11:09):
When it comes to addressing behavioral challenges
, right, right.

Speaker 2 (11:12):
And I think it's really important to emphasize
that most behavioral issues,even those that seem really
severe, can be successfullymanaged.

Speaker 1 (11:21):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (11:21):
With the right approach, yeah, and professional
guidance.

Speaker 1 (11:25):
Absolutely.
It's about understanding thedog, yeah, addressing their
needs and creating anenvironment where they can
thrive.

Speaker 2 (11:33):
It's a reminder that even when things seem really
bleak, there's often hope.

Speaker 1 (11:38):
There is, and I think one of the most important
things for owners to remember isthat they're not alone in this
journey.
There are so many resourcesavailable Veterinarians,
behaviorists, trainers, supportgroups all dedicated to helping
dogs and their families navigatethese challenges.

Speaker 2 (11:55):
So that's a really powerful message of support.

Speaker 1 (11:57):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (11:58):
But let's be realistic, and their families
navigate these challenges, sothat's a really powerful message
of support.
Yeah, but let's be realistic.
Sometimes, despite our bestefforts, a dog's behavior might
not improve to the point whereit's safe or ethical to keep
them in a typical homeenvironment.

Speaker 1 (12:07):
That's a heartbreaking truth.
And it's in those situationswhen all other options have been
exhausted.

Speaker 2 (12:12):
That owners might find themselves facing that
incredibly difficult decision ofbehavioral euthanasia.

Speaker 1 (12:19):
Which brings us back to the heart of our deep dive.
So let's shift gears again andtalk about that decision-making
process.
How does an owner even begin tograpple with such a weighty
choice?

Speaker 2 (12:30):
Well, it's a process that's fraught with emotion,
with ethical considerations andoften a great deal of guilt, but
I think one of the first stepsis to really try to assess the
dog's quality of life asobjectively as possible.

Speaker 1 (12:44):
Now, one of the articles you gave me mentioned a
tool called the HHHMM scale.

Speaker 2 (12:49):
Can you?

Speaker 1 (12:49):
explain what that is and how it can be helpful in
this situation.

Speaker 2 (12:52):
Yeah.
So the HHHMM scale is a qualityof life assessment tool and it
stands for Hurt, hunger,hydration, hygiene, happiness,
mobility Okay and More Good DaysThan Bad Okay, and it
encourages owners to reallyevaluate their dog's well-being
across these differentdimensions.

Speaker 1 (13:12):
So it's not just about physical health but, also
about emotional well-being,whether the dog is experiencing
more joy than suffering.

Speaker 2 (13:18):
Right, and while it's not a perfect tool by any means
, it can provide a framework forhaving those difficult
conversations with yourveterinarian and your
behaviorist.
It can help you to move beyondyour own emotions and really
assess whether your dog's basicneeds are being met and whether
they're genuinely experiencing agood quality of life.

Speaker 1 (13:41):
I imagine that process can be incredibly
challenging.
It is Especially when you're soemotionally attached to your
dog.

Speaker 2 (13:47):
Absolutely, and that's why it's so important to
have those professionalsinvolved.
They can offer a more objectiveperspective, they can help you
understand the nuances of yourdog's behavior and they can
really guide you through thatdecision making process with
compassion and expertise.

Speaker 1 (14:02):
Yeah, it's like having a trusted guide to help
you navigate this unchartedterritory.
Exactly so the HHH-HHM scale isobviously a valuable tool.
What are some other factorsthat owners should consider when
they're grappling with thisdecision?

Speaker 2 (14:17):
Well, another key concept is behavioral thresholds
.

Speaker 1 (14:20):
Okay.

Speaker 2 (14:21):
And this refers to the point at which a dog's
behavior becomes so unmanageableor so dangerous that it poses
an unacceptable risk, regardlessof how much we love them.

Speaker 1 (14:32):
So it's like recognizing that line where the
dog's needs and the safety ofothers might outweigh our desire
to keep them with us.

Speaker 2 (14:41):
It's a heartbreaking realization, but sometimes,
despite our best intentions, wereach a point where we have to
make difficult choices thatprioritize the well-being of all
involved, including the dog,and that's where those open and
honest conversations with thoseprofessionals becomes so crucial
.
They can help you understandyour dog's behavioral thresholds

(15:04):
, assess the risks involved andreally explore all possible
options before making that finaldecision.

Speaker 1 (15:11):
So it sounds like seeking multiple perspectives
and gathering as muchinformation as possible is key.

Speaker 2 (15:16):
Absolutely.
It's about empowering yourselfwith knowledge so you can make
the most informed andcompassionate decision for your
dog, even in the mostchallenging of circumstances.

Speaker 1 (15:27):
Well, we've covered a lot of ground today.

Speaker 2 (15:29):
We have.

Speaker 1 (15:29):
And I think it's really important to acknowledge
the emotional weight of thistopic.
Absolutely, you know making thedecision to euthanize a dog,
even for behavioral reasons, isincredibly difficult.

Speaker 2 (15:42):
It is.

Speaker 1 (15:42):
And it's something that we need to approach with
sensitivity and compassion.

Speaker 2 (15:45):
Yeah.

Speaker 1 (15:46):
So in the final part of our deep dive, we're going to
explore that emotional side ofthis decision.

Speaker 2 (15:52):
Okay.

Speaker 1 (15:52):
And talk about the resources that are available to
help owners cope with the griefand loss.
That's a great next step.
We're back and you know we'vetalked a lot about the practical
and ethical considerations ofbehavioral euthanasia.
But I think it's reallyimportant to acknowledge the
emotional weight of thisdecision.
You know, making the decisionto euthanize a dog, Absolutely

(16:13):
Even for behavioral reasons isincredibly difficult and it can
be really really hard on owners.

Speaker 2 (16:18):
It is.
It's a decision that's oftenfilled with grief and guilt and
just a sense of loss that can beoverwhelming.

Speaker 1 (16:25):
I can imagine it can feel almost like a betrayal of
the bond you share with your dog.

Speaker 2 (16:30):
It can and those feelings are completely
understandable.
But it's important to rememberthat choosing behavioral
euthanasia in those extremecases where it's truly the most
humane option is not an act ofbetrayal.
It's an act of love andcompassion.
It's a recognition thatsometimes the kindest thing we
can do for our belovedcompanions is to prevent further

(16:52):
suffering.

Speaker 1 (16:53):
I think that's a really powerful perspective.
It's about shifting the focusfrom guilt to compassion,
recognizing that you're makingthis incredibly difficult choice
to prioritize your dog'swell-being.

Speaker 2 (17:04):
Exactly, and it's also important to acknowledge
that the grief process is uniquefor everyone.

Speaker 1 (17:09):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (17:09):
You know, some people might feel intense sadness,
others might experience anger orguilt, some might even go
through a period of denial.
There's no right or wrong wayto grieve, and it's essential to
allow yourself to feel whatevercomes up, without judgment.

Speaker 1 (17:24):
So giving yourself permission to grieve, to feel
those wrong emotions, is areally important part of this
process.

Speaker 2 (17:31):
It is, and it's also crucial to seek support during
this difficult time.

Speaker 1 (17:36):
What are some good ways to do that?

Speaker 2 (17:40):
Well, talking to trusted friends and family
members can be really helpful.
There are also support groupsfor pet loss.

Speaker 1 (17:45):
Right.

Speaker 2 (17:46):
And even seeking professional help from a
therapist who specializes in petbereavement.

Speaker 1 (17:51):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (17:51):
Can provide invaluable comfort and guidance.

Speaker 1 (17:54):
It's a reminder that you don't have to go through
this alone.

Speaker 2 (17:57):
Yeah.

Speaker 1 (17:57):
There are people who understand what you're going
through and they can offersupport and understanding.

Speaker 2 (18:03):
Exactly, and there are also some practical things
you can do to help cope with theloss.

Speaker 1 (18:08):
Like what.

Speaker 2 (18:09):
Well, you might consider creating a memorial for
your dog, planting a tree intheir honor or even just
spending time reminiscing aboutthe happy memories you shared.

Speaker 1 (18:19):
Those rituals can be incredibly healing, allowing you
to honor the bond you had andfind a way to move forward while
still cherishing those memories.

Speaker 2 (18:29):
It's about finding what brings you comfort during
that time and allowing yourselfto grieve in your own way.

Speaker 1 (18:35):
Absolutely, and as you navigate this grief process,
it's important to be patientwith yourself.
There's no set timeline forhealing and everyone copes with
loss differently.

Speaker 2 (18:44):
Exactly.
Some people find solace intalking about their pet.
Others might need more time andspace to process their emotions
.

Speaker 1 (18:53):
Right.
So it's really about honoringyour own needs and finding what
works best for you.

Speaker 2 (18:58):
Absolutely, and remember seeking support is not
a sign of weakness.

Speaker 1 (19:02):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (19:03):
It's a sign of strength and self-care.

Speaker 1 (19:06):
Throughout this deep dive.
We've talked a lot about theimportance of involving
veterinary professionals.
What role do they play insupporting owners who are facing
this difficult decision?

Speaker 2 (19:16):
Veterinarians are really essential throughout this
entire process.
You know.
They can help rule out medicalcauses for behavioral issues.
They can provide guidance ontreatment options and,
ultimately, if behavioraleuthanasia is chosen, they can
ensure that the procedure iscarried out humanely and
compassionately.

Speaker 1 (19:34):
So they're kind of like a steady presence
throughout this whole storm,offering their expertise and
support and a listening ear.

Speaker 2 (19:46):
Exactly, and many veterinarians have experience
with pet loss and can offervaluable advice on coping with
grief and navigating theemotional aftermath.
They understand the profoundbond between people and their
pets and they're there tosupport both the animal and
their human family.

Speaker 1 (19:58):
It's comforting to know that there are
professionals who care so deeplyand are dedicated to making
this process as bearable aspossible.

Speaker 2 (20:06):
It is, and I just want to reiterate that choosing
behavioral euthanasia is neveran easy decision.
It's a complex issue with lotsof different factors to consider
.
Absolutely Ethicalconsiderations and emotional
turmoil are a big part of it,but when all other options have
been exhausted and a dog'squality of life is irreversibly
compromised, it can be the mosthumane and compassionate choice.

Speaker 1 (20:29):
It's a decision that should be made with careful
consideration, with professionalguidance and with a deep love
for your dog Absolutely.

Speaker 2 (20:37):
Well said.

Speaker 1 (20:38):
Well, I think this has been a really heavy but
incredibly importantconversation.
Yeah, thank you for diving intothis topic with me.

Speaker 2 (20:44):
It's been my pleasure .

Speaker 1 (20:45):
And to our listeners.
We hope this deep dive hasprovided some clarity and
understanding for anyone whomight be facing this challenging
decision.
Yeah, We'll be back thischallenging decision yeah.
We'll be back soon with anotherdeep dive.

Speaker 2 (20:57):
Sounds good.

Speaker 1 (20:58):
Until then, keep those curious minds engaged.
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