At the Battle of Gettysburg, 1 July 1863, CPT Frederick Otto Baron von Fritsch and the 68th New York face PVT George Washington Nichols and the 61st Georgia north of the town of Gettysburg along Rock Creek and what would soon be known as Barlow’s Knoll. The 68th New York retreated with the rest of the XI Corps and reformed south of the town on Cemetery Hill. On 2the evening of July, CPT Neill W. Ray and the 6th North Carolina advance upon CPT Fritsch, the 68th New York and their entire division on the eastern face of Cemetery Hill. The North Carolinians see initial success but have to face the Union counterattack.
Sources used for this episode:
Butts, Joseph T. A Gallant Captain of the Civil War: Being the Record of the Extraordinary Adventures of Frederick Otto Baron von Fritsch. New York: F. Tennyson Neely, 1902. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t86h50k2h&seq=11.
Nichols, George W. A Soldier’s Story of His Regiment (61st Georgia): and Incidentally of the Lawton-Gordon-Evans Brigade. Jesup, 1898. https://archive.org/details/01494987.3402.emory.edu/page/n1/mode/2up.
CPT Ray, Neill W. “Sixth Regiment.” In Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina in the Great War 1861-’65, vol. 1, edited by Walter Clark. Raliegh: E. M. Uzzell, 1901. https://www.carolana.com/NC/Civil_War/Histories_of_the_Several_Regiments_and_Battalions_from_NC_in_the_Great_War_Volume_I_Walter_Clark_1901.pdf.
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(00:02):
They were harder to drive thanwe had ever known them before.
Men were being moaned down ingreat numbers on both sides.
We drove them across a fencewhere they stopped and fought us
for a while.
(00:42):
Hi, my name is Bill Coghlan andhost the first person Civil War
podcast.
While the generals of both sidesget most of the recognition.
The Civil War was fought by themen in the ranks, and they told
their stories during and afterthe war.
Follow me as I reveal what thesemen witnessed in the battles of
(01:03):
the Civil War.
To Mark the 162nd anniversary.
I have decided to make anotherspecial episode.
Episode 49 is entitled CaptainFri and the 68th New York Face.
(01:24):
Private Nichols in the 61st,Georgia on one July, and Captain
Ray in the sixth North Carolinaon two July at the Battle of
Gettysburg.
This episode relies on threesources from the men who fought
(01:45):
at Gettysburg.
First.
A Gallant captain of the CivilWar being the record of the
Extraordinary Adventures ofFrederick Otto Baron Fon Fritch,
published by Joseph Tyler Buttsin 1902, who compiled and edited
Captain Fritz's diary next is.
(02:06):
A soldier story of his regiment,61st Georgia and incidentally of
the Lawton Gordon Evans brigade,privately published by George
Washington Nichols in 1898.
And finally, a regimentalhistory.
Sixth Regiment in histories ofthe several regiments and
(02:27):
battalions from North Carolinain the Great War 1861 to 1865
Volume one, written by Neil wRay and published in 1901.
If you would like a map toreference the clash of these
regimens at the Battle ofGettysburg, I recommend
(02:47):
battlefields.org.
They have detailed maps ofBarlow's, Knoll, and Cemetery
Hill, which include terrain,features, regimental
dispositions, and even troopmovements By the time of day on
one July.
Frederick Otto Baron.
Fond Fritch was born into anoble family on 28 September,
(03:10):
1834 in Weimar, Germany.
He entered the Dresden MilitaryAcademy at age 13 and went on to
serve a little over three yearsas a lieutenant in the Royal
Cavalry's first regiment of theRoyal Saxon Army.
Baron von Fri then immigrated tothe United States while
traveling south into Mexico, hejoined the Mexican army as a
(03:34):
colonel to help Pel the Frenchinvasion of 1861 and was
captured on 14 September, 1862.
Baron Fon Fri was ordered todepart Mexico and eventually
returned to New York.
Where on one November, 1862, heenlisted as a first lieutenant
in Company I 68th, New York,also known as the second German
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rifle regiment, as the majorityof the ranks were German
immigrants.
The 68th New York saw serviceduring Jackson's Valley
campaign, second Bull Run, andChancellorville in late May,
1863, Baron Fon Fritch receiveda promotion to Captain and took
command of the 68th New York'scompany a.
(04:22):
George Washington Nichols wasborn in Statesboro, Georgia on
22 January, 1843, but little isknown about his early life.
On 10 May, 1862, he enlisted incompany D 61st Georgia and was
sent up to Virginia, where itfought in the army of Northern
Virginia from the Battle ofGaines Mill through
(04:45):
Chancellorville.
Neil.
William Ray was born on fourAugust, 1839 in Cumberland
County, North Carolina.
Prior to the war, Neil Rayattended the North Carolina
Military Institute in Charlotte,but he soon departed after the
firing on Fort Sumpter.
(05:05):
I.
As regiments began to form, heenlisted as a second lieutenant
in Company D, sixth NorthCarolina on 16 May, 1861.
The sixth North Carolina sawservice from the first Battle of
Bull run through the Battle ofChancellorsville and Neil Ray,
promoted to the rink of Captainand commanded company D from
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January, 1863.
Onward.
Following the Confederatevictory at the Battle of
Chancellorville 30, April tosixth May, 1863.
General Robert E.
Lee decided to invade the Northwith his army of Northern
Virginia for a second time andbegan the long march toward
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Pennsylvania.
In early June, 1863, the army ofthe Potomac began its pursuit
shortly thereafter, and marchedparallel to the Confederates,
ensuring the safety ofWashington DC while it marched
north.
In the leading core on the marchwere both private Nichols and
Captain Ray Private Nichols inthe 61st, Georgia marched in
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Brigadier General John bGordon's brigade while Captain
Ray in the sixth North Carolina.
Marched in Hoax Brigadecommanded by Colonel Isaac e
Avery.
Both brigades were in majorGeneral Jule, a Leys division of
the Second Corps, commanded byLieutenant General Richard s
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ell.
As the army of Northern Virginiacontinued its March, private
Nichols encountered the localpopulace.
Our regiment was the firstinfantry to march into the town
of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
I saw a little girl probablyabout eight years of age
standing on the stoop in frontof her house.
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And heard her say, mama, arethose men rebels?
Yes.
My daughter.
Why mama?
They haven't got horns.
They just look like our people.
The army of the Potomac by lateJune had only begun to enter
into Pennsylvania with theweight of its forces.
Still on the march throughMaryland.
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While Union Cavalry operatedaround the small crossroad town
of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,captain Fr and the 68th New
York, were still in Maryland andmarched in the First Brigade.
I.
Commanded by Colonel Leopold vonGisa of the first division,
commanded by Brigadier GeneralFrancis c Barlow and Major
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General Oliver o Howard's 11thCorps in the army of the
Potomac, commanded by majorGeneral George g Mead, who had
just taken command of the Armyon 28 June.
By 30 June.
Captain Fr.
In the 68th New York camped atEmmitsburg Maryland,
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approximately 12 miles to theNorth.
Brigadier General John Buford'scavalry division, scouted around
Gettysburg and identified thearmy of Northern Virginia,
concentrated to the north andwest of his position, and sent
couriers to the first and 11thCorps, the closest infantry to
march to his aid the nextmorning lead elements of major
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General Henry Heath's divisionAdvanced East toward Brigadier
General Buford's Cavalry, whohad posted on the north and west
side of the town.
The Battle of Gettysburg hadbegun a.
As the opening shots rang out inGettysburg, captain Fr and the
68th New York began their finalday of marching northward.
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On July 1st, at dawn, we wereawakened and at once began
preparations to march, but notuntil eight that morning did our
division follow closely.
The first core towardGettysburg, about 11, we were
ordered to proceed on the doublequick, and we heard the roaring
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of cannons at a distance.
As the 11th Corps approachedGettysburg.
The First Corps was already inposition on the western side of
the town, but there were alsoreports that Lieutenant General
ELLs Corps was massing to thenorth of the town.
The first division of the 11thcore was ordered north and
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established a line of battlealong Rock Creek and an adjacent
hill known as Blocher's Knoll.
And in doing so, formed asalient in the union line now
situated on the right flank ofthe division, captain Fri and
the 68th New York prepared forthe arrival of the Confederates.
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Our men were ordered to sit downand we mounted.
Officers gathered around GeneralBarlow, the division commander
outside the woods, take askirmish line out in front of
us, barren, he said to me andstretched the men to the right.
I deployed a company, and by twoo'clock the Confederate skirmish
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line faced us.
Firing began at once.
I rode up and down encouragingthe men to keep cool and name
well, and soon we drove theConfederate Skirmishers back.
But now I noticed heavy columnsapproaching in front and from
the right we fired.
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Then I ordered the commandingofficer of the skirmishers to
fall slowly back into the woodsand fire from tree to tree.
Then I rode to the brigade inthe woods and sang out.
Look sharp, boys.
Don't fire too soon, nor toohigh.
Wait until they get to thecreek.
This Confederate line was thatof Brigadier General Gordon's
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brigade and advancing uponCaptain Fritch was private
Nichols in the 61st Georgia.
Our brigade and the rest ofBerkeley's division formed in
line of battle and advanced.
We met the enemy at Rock Creek.
We attacked them immediately,but we had a hard time in moving
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them.
We advanced with our customedyell, but they stood firm until
we got near them.
They then began to retreat infine order shooting at us as
they retreated.
Though Captain Fr.
And the 68th New York rejoinedtheir brigade upon the knoll.
They were still facing anumerically superior confederate
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brigade.
the Confederates approach slowlyand in magnificent order, and
after the first volley of ourmen, they sent a strong volume
return.
Our men now standing fired twicemore than the Confederates
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charged through the creekscreaming savagely.
As the 61st Georgia charged uponCaptain Fri and the 68th New
York Private Nichols commendedthe fighting spirit of the men
they faced.
They were harder to drive thanwe had ever known them before.
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Men were being moaned down ingreat numbers on both sides.
We drove them across a fencewhere they stopped and fought us
for a while.
The weight of Brigadier GeneralGordon's Georgia Brigade was too
much for the Union First BrigadeCaptain Fri and the 68th New
York broke and retreated Southwhere they reformed behind
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Brigadier General Bert AmesSecond Brigade.
Someone shouted.
Run for your lives boys.
In fact, our small regimentswere attacked by a force
apparently a hundred timeslarger, not alone in front.
But also from the right side ofour position.
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This was a Louisiana brigade.
They came on running to surroundus.
Our men fell back through thelight woods.
Just when Brave General Ames onfoot.
But in front of his brigademarched into the woods.
He found them full of screamingSoutherners and after a volley,
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his men, of course, had to runout.
Also, having successfully pushedCaptain fr.
In the 68th New York backprivate Nichols in the 61st,
Georgia met this fresh Unionbrigade and bested them as well.
We advanced and drove them intoand out of a deep road cut onto
(13:53):
the alms house where the Yankeesstopped and made a desperate
stand.
Their officers were cheeringlike men and behaving like
heroes and commanders of thefirst water.
The 11th chorus position aroundthe knoll was at a critical
point.
On the afternoon of one July,captain Fr and the 68th New York
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were unable to rally their menbefore brigadier General Amess
Brigade began to break under thepressure of the Georgians
charge.
Confederate numbers were toogreat all along the line.
And finally, the order for the11th and first corps to retreat
through Gettysburg was issuedprivate Nichols, continued with
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the 61st Georgia through thetown, and summarized the
retreat.
Here, the Gallant Barlow, theenemy's commander fell into our
hands, severely wounded.
He was treated kindly.
We drove them on throughGettysburg and had them greatly
confused.
General Rhodes of Yu's coreseemed to drive in the enemy
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about the same time, badly tornup.
We pursued.
And when the enemy got intoGettysburg, they became one
confused mass.
Their officers seemed to losecontrol of them, and we captured
some 5,000 prisoners.
This is unconfirmed, and wedrove the enemy through and out
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of the town and we occupied thetown.
Later in the afternoon, captainRay in the sixth North Carolina
took the field to pursue the11th Core through Gettysburg,
but they did not directly engagethe 68th New York joining in the
retreat and attempting to staywith his regiment as best he
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could was Captain Fr.
I rode behind our men into thetown and saw many captured by
gray coats everywhere.
He passed the regimental surgeonand instructed him to tend to
the wounded before continuing.
This delayed me and some 20Confederates came rushing on
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Halling to me to surrender.
One excited fellow got hold ofCaesar's Bridal with his left
hand and was ready to plunge hisbayonet into me with his right
screaming.
Surrender, get down.
You damned yank.
You be damned.
I answered.
Cut off his hand with my Saxonsword.
(16:24):
Then I started off, gave spursto my horse, but to my horror,
found myself and a yardsurrounded by high fence rails.
They shot at me from behind anddemanded surrender.
And Caesar with an enormouseffort, jumped the fence and
made off towards Cemetery Hill.
(16:45):
South of the town of Gettysburg,where a series of hills, which
included Cemetery Hill, it washere that major General Winfield
s Hancock commander of theSecond Corps, rallied the first
and 11th Corps with theConfederates in possession of
Gettysburg and the Union Armyfortifying the hills to the
south.
The first day of the Battle ofGettysburg was over.
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It is estimated that the UnionArmy suffered approximately
9,000 casualties compared to theConfederacy, approximately
6,000.
While Captain Fr was rallyingthe remnant of the 68th New York
and other regiments in thecemetery, he was tasked by
Brigadier General Alpert Amesnow commander of the first
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division as a temporary memberof his staff.
When Colonel Fond Gisa finallymade it into the division's
lines.
That evening, captain Fr broughthim to the stone wall where the
brigade formed.
You can now command your brigadeeasily with the voice.
My dear Colonel, I said, this isall that's left pointing to a
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few flags each surrounded by ahandful of sleeping dusty men.
I.
Like many places on thebattlefields of the Civil War,
Blocher Knoll would be renamedafter the battle.
This Knoll where Captain Fri andthe first division of the 11th
Corps fought upon was renamedBarlow's Knoll in honor of the
(18:16):
division commander who wasultimately wounded and captured
there.
It would not be the last pieceof geography renamed around the
town of Gettysburg.
Through the night of the firstinto the second, most of the
corps of the Army of the Potomacarrived and took positions upon
the hills south of Gettysburg.
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The 11th core remained onCemetery Hill with the depleted
first division holding a wall onthe eastern face while at the
summit was not only theartillery of the 11th core, but
also elements of the first coreand the artillery reserve.
Approximately 15 batteries intotal with six facing east the
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remainder of the Confederatearmy also arrived in the
vicinity of Gettysburg withLieutenant General ELLs Corps
occupying most of the town andpositions to the East, which
were opposite the Union Corpsthat occupied Culp's Hill and
Cemetery Hill General Robert eLee's plan of attack for two
July was for Yu's Core toassault these two hills.
(19:22):
After hearing the attack of LongStreet's Core upon the Union,
left flank further to the south.
While this assault was intendedfor the afternoon, Lee did not
send his orders untilapproximately 11:00 AM.
Lieutenant General LongstreetCourt did not begin its attack
until 4:00 PM this meant thatYu's Advance came even later in
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the day while a generalengagement did not coalesce
until the evening, sharpshooters and artillery on, both
were active throughout the dayas witnessed by Captain fr.
One of the sharp shooters seemedto be, especially after me, for
whenever I rose a bulletwhistled close by me.
(20:07):
I found General Howard in thecemetery and soon 12 men with
the finest rifles lay behind thewall near us.
And bang went their bulletsthrough the small openings of
the church tower.
After some 20 shots, we saw thefellows run out of the church
and one drop down from a lastwell-directed shot of our,
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please pardon the pronunciation,but this is a French term that
means rifleman while another wascarried away wounded.
In preparation for the advance,the Confederates brought several
batteries to bear upon CemeteryHill, which sparked an artillery
duel for a few hours.
(20:50):
Captain Ray and the sixth NorthCarolina witnessed the barrage
from relative safety.
There was a terrific canon aidbetween the enemy's guns and
ours, which were posted on thenorth and east of the town.
This was not very destructive toour infantry line because being
in the valley, the shots passedover us.
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From his vantage point uponCemetery Hill, captain Fr was
able to see the effectiveness ofthe Union Artillery 12 batteries
opened on us every shot beingdirected at Cemetery Hill.
Our batteries replied with greatrapidity and accuracy as I could
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see through my spy glass.
Cassons exploded.
And horses were thrown down innumbers.
After several hours, LieutenantGeneral Ell finally began his
assault upon Cemetery Hill withCaptain Ray in the sixth North
Carolina advancing directly uponthe 68th New York.
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By late in the afternoon afterthe artillery had about ceased
firing couriers and aides wereseen riding rapidly from one
commanding officer to another.
We knew what that meant.
The orders were given.
Forward Guide Wright HayesBrigade of Louisianans was on
our right.
Ours, the sixth regiment wasnext to Hayes.
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Never can that time beforgotten.
Every man in line knew what wasbefore him.
We had seen the enemy gatheringon Cemetery Hill.
We had laid under the fire ofhis numerous guns.
We knew the preparations he hadmade for us yet promptly at the
command.
The line moved forward and in afew minutes we were in full view
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of the enemy's batteries and hislines of infantry.
The fire was terrific, but ourmen moved forward very rapidly.
Bearing to the right, having thebatteries of Cemetery Hill as
their objective point.
Though a temporary member of thedivision staff, captain Fri was
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now in line with his brigadeready to meet the Louisianans.
And whether he knew it or not,the North Carolinians charge.
In splendid order.
They came marching through thecornfield and impetuously.
They charged Colonel fund, Gil'sbrigade screaming.
We are the Louisiana Tigers.
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Our men fired in good time andtheir bullets told, but on came
the enemy.
More and more of them climbingthe wall and forcing the brigade
up the hill behind thebatteries.
Captain Ray in the sixth NorthCarolina, after braving the fire
of the New Yorkers to theirfront, continued their advance.
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As we approach the hill.
The guns on battery hill overtowards Culp's Hill had an
inflating fire on us.
Still, our men rushed forward,crawled over the stone wall near
the base of the hill, drove frombehind it, a strong line of
infantry and went still forwardto the top of the hill and
silenced.
(24:12):
The numerous pieces of artillerythat have been so advantageously
posted.
We had full possession of EastCemetery Hill, the key to
General Mead's position.
We held it for several minutes.
Lieutenant Colonel Dele F EinCedal, commander of the 41st New
York.
(24:32):
A regiment within Colonel fGil's Brigade states that the
brigade was arrayed from left toright, the 153rd Pennsylvania,
the 68th New York, the 54th NewYork, and finally his own 41st
New York.
It was to his left where thebreach in the line began
(24:53):
directly at the point of thesixth North Carolina's Advance.
An attack was made by the enemyat 6:30 PM this attack was
repulsed without the assistanceof the 33rd Massachusetts, which
was a regiment sent to reinforceFon Gisa.
On the left wing, the enemy cameso far as to break through the
(25:16):
line, which was kept either bythe 68th New York or the 54th
New York, and moved on to thebatteries.
Reforming at the top of the hillwas Captain Fr.
And the 68th New York, amongseveral other regiments.
Now our batteries began to fire,grape and canister, but some
(25:39):
brave fellows came up to one ofthe batteries and demanded
surrender the battery menassisted by General Ames, two
officers and myself, cut themdown with hand spikes and rams.
The cannonier struck at theirheads and my good sword behaved
well Again, all who had reachedthe battery were killed.
(26:02):
Then the guns were reloaded andrapidly fired, and we stood
surrounded by dense smoke.
Of the numerous batteries on theEastern face of Cemetery Hill,
there was only one commander whoreported Confederates reaching
their guns and fighting hand tohand.
Captain r Bryce Ricketts,commander of batteries f and g
(26:24):
of the first Pennsylvania LightArtillery who was posted behind
Colonel Fonda's Brigade.
At about 8:00 PM a heavy columnof the enemy charged on my
battery and succeeded incapturing and spiking my left
piece.
The caners fought them hand tohand with hand spikes, rams and
(26:45):
pistols, and succeeded inchecking them for a moment when
part of the second Army Corpscharged in and drove them back
during the charge, I expendedevery round of canister in the
battery and then fired caseshot.
Without the fuses, the enemysuffered severely.
I.
(27:06):
Captain Ray in the sixth NorthCarolina.
Unable to take the artilleryprepared to defend their newly
won ground.
It was after daylight had gonedown, the smoke was very dense,
and although the moon wasrising, we could not see what
the enemy was doing, but wecould hear him attempting to
(27:27):
rally his men.
And more than once, he ralliedup close to us.
Our men had formed behind a rockwall, and as he approached, we
fired a volley into him, whichdrove him back.
This occurred at least twice.
No one who has ever been in asimilar position can understand
how anxiously we looked forreinforcements.
(27:50):
None came, however, and beforelong orders came for us to fall
back to our original position.
The Confederate attack uponCemetery Hill only saw success
against the first division ofthe 11th Corps.
Not only was the Second Corpsable to reinforce the first
division, but Captain Fr alsoidentified other brigades now
(28:13):
able to come to the firstdivision's aid.
General Shirtz had sent abrigade to reinforce us.
This being from the 11th coreand hearing them advance, I
joined and charged with themdown the hill.
They drove the Confederates backover the wall.
(28:34):
And then we laid down as ourcannons were firing very close
over our heads.
When the last stopped firing, wesaw the enemy flying over the
fields and noticed the brigadeof the First Corps, which had
assisted us in the charge.
The Confederate attacks on theflanks of the Union Army on two
(28:54):
July were seen to some of theheaviest fighting of the war
with an estimated 20,000 killed,wounded, and missing when added
to the figures of one July.
Both Union and Confederatearmies had sustained an
estimated 35,000 casualties,which made the Battle of
Gettysburg, the bloodiest of thewar.
(29:16):
By the end of two July, stillconfident in his army General.
Lee ordered a renewed attack onthree July, which began upon the
flanks and culminated inPickett's charge toward the
Union Center.
Captain fr Captain Ray andPrivate Nichols who saw only
(29:37):
Skirmishing on two July.
Did not participate in thefighting on three July with such
a high concentration of Unionartillery still in place upon
Cemetery Hill.
Captain Fri did witness some ofthe devastation of the
Confederate bombardment inpreparation for Pickett's charge
after the failure of Pickett'scharge, the Battle of Gettysburg
(29:59):
was over and the army ofNorthern Virginia began to
depart the battlefield on theafternoon of four July.
I.
In his history of the sixthNorth Carolina, published in
1901 within history of theseveral regiments and battalions
from North Carolina in the GreatWar 1861 to 1865, volume one,
(30:24):
Neil w Ray was convinced thatthe Confederate army was on the
verge of victory on two July.
By not supporting Hoax Brigadeof North Carolina and Hay's
Brigade of Louisiana in thestorming and capturing of
Cemetery Hill.
The Battle of Gettysburg waslost.
I do not know whose fault itwas, but I feel assured in
(30:47):
saying that it is not the faultof the storming column.
It did its whole duty and fellback only when orders came to
do.
So much has been written aboutthe Battle of Gettysburg and
what was accomplished by thedifferent commands and the
troops from the differentstates, but at the risk of being
charged with Im modesty, Iventured a claim that the
(31:09):
storming and capturing ofCemetery Hill on the evening of
the second day was not surpassedby anything that was done during
the three days fight.
Captain Frederick Otto Baron.
Fun.
Fri though of German nobility,remained in the United States
and became a citizen.
He kept the diary during theCivil War, but did not attempt
(31:32):
to publish it after his death in1900, his oldest son
commissioned a book based on thediary entitled, A Gallant
Captain of The Civil War Beingthe Record of the Extraordinary
Adventures of Frederick OttoBaron Fon Fri, which published
in 1902.
(31:53):
Following the war, GeorgeWashington Nichols wrote a brief
history of his experienceswithin the 61st Georgia in 1887
for several publications withinthe state, but it was
incomplete.
Surviving members of his companyas well as his family,
encouraged him to write a morecomplete book.
(32:13):
And in 1898, he published aSoldier's Story of his regiment,
61st Georgia and incidentally ofthe Lawton Gordon Evans Brigade.
Thank you for listening to the49th episode.
Links to Captain Fritz's PrivateNichols and Captain Ray's books
(32:34):
are now available on the podcastwebsite.
First person Civil warpodcast.com.
If you enjoyed this episode,please consider supporting the
podcast financially.
Link at the top left of thehomepage on Facebook, Instagram,
X and LinkedIn.
This week you'll find picturesof all three men.
(32:58):
For this next battle.
I have made several attempts ata special episode, but haven't
found the appropriate number ofsources until now making this
episode will again take time andas one other factor.
I will also be on vacation inearly July given this, I will
release my next episode on 13August to provide enough time
(33:22):
for completion.
On 13 August to celebrate the50th episode of the podcast, I
have decided to mark theoccasion with a special episode,
(33:47):
Lieutenant Colonel Judson wBishop of the Second, Minnesota
on 19 September.
Face.
Corporal Thomas C.
Carter of the 27th, Mississippiaround Reed's Bridge Road and on
20 September in the afternoonagainst Lieutenant Colonel James
(34:13):
M.
Ray of the 60th North Carolina.
And in the evening againstCaptain Isaac h Bailey and the
58th North Carolina on theLafayette Road and then
Horseshoe Ridge at the Battle ofChick Maga.
(34:35):
My name is Bill Coghlan.
And thank you for listening toFirst Person Civil War Podcast.
They were harder to drive thanwe had ever known them before.
Men were being moaned down ingreat numbers on both sides.
We drove them across a fencewhere they stopped and fought us
for a while.
(00:42):
Hi, my name is Bill Coghlan andhost the first person Civil War
podcast.
While the generals of both sidesget most of the recognition.
The Civil War was fought by themen in the ranks, and they told
their stories during and afterthe war.
Follow me as I reveal what thesemen witnessed in the battles of
(01:03):
the Civil War.
To Mark the 162nd anniversary.
I have decided to make anotherspecial episode.
Episode 49 is entitled CaptainFri and the 68th New York Face.
(01:24):
Private Nichols in the 61st,Georgia on one July, and Captain
Ray in the sixth North Carolinaon two July at the Battle of
Gettysburg.
This episode relies on threesources from the men who fought
(01:45):
at Gettysburg.
First.
A Gallant captain of the CivilWar being the record of the
Extraordinary Adventures ofFrederick Otto Baron Fon Fritch,
published by Joseph Tyler Buttsin 1902, who compiled and edited
Captain Fritz's diary next is.
(02:06):
A soldier story of his regiment,61st Georgia and incidentally of
the Lawton Gordon Evans brigade,privately published by George
Washington Nichols in 1898.
And finally, a regimentalhistory.
Sixth Regiment in histories ofthe several regiments and
(02:27):
battalions from North Carolinain the Great War 1861 to 1865
Volume one, written by Neil wRay and published in 1901.
If you would like a map toreference the clash of these
regimens at the Battle ofGettysburg, I recommend
(02:47):
battlefields.org.
They have detailed maps ofBarlow's, Knoll, and Cemetery
Hill, which include terrain,features, regimental
dispositions, and even troopmovements By the time of day on
one July.
Frederick Otto Baron.
Fond Fritch was born into anoble family on 28 September,
(03:10):
1834 in Weimar, Germany.
He entered the Dresden MilitaryAcademy at age 13 and went on to
serve a little over three yearsas a lieutenant in the Royal
Cavalry's first regiment of theRoyal Saxon Army.
Baron von Fri then immigrated tothe United States while
traveling south into Mexico, hejoined the Mexican army as a
(03:34):
colonel to help Pel the Frenchinvasion of 1861 and was
captured on 14 September, 1862.
Baron Fon Fri was ordered todepart Mexico and eventually
returned to New York.
Where on one November, 1862, heenlisted as a first lieutenant
in Company I 68th, New York,also known as the second German
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rifle regiment, as the majorityof the ranks were German
immigrants.
The 68th New York saw serviceduring Jackson's Valley
campaign, second Bull Run, andChancellorville in late May,
1863, Baron Fon Fritch receiveda promotion to Captain and took
command of the 68th New York'scompany a.
(04:22):
George Washington Nichols wasborn in Statesboro, Georgia on
22 January, 1843, but little isknown about his early life.
On 10 May, 1862, he enlisted incompany D 61st Georgia and was
sent up to Virginia, where itfought in the army of Northern
Virginia from the Battle ofGaines Mill through
(04:45):
Chancellorville.
Neil.
William Ray was born on fourAugust, 1839 in Cumberland
County, North Carolina.
Prior to the war, Neil Rayattended the North Carolina
Military Institute in Charlotte,but he soon departed after the
firing on Fort Sumpter.
(05:05):
I.
As regiments began to form, heenlisted as a second lieutenant
in Company D, sixth NorthCarolina on 16 May, 1861.
The sixth North Carolina sawservice from the first Battle of
Bull run through the Battle ofChancellorsville and Neil Ray,
promoted to the rink of Captainand commanded company D from
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January, 1863.
Onward.
Following the Confederatevictory at the Battle of
Chancellorville 30, April tosixth May, 1863.
General Robert E.
Lee decided to invade the Northwith his army of Northern
Virginia for a second time andbegan the long march toward
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Pennsylvania.
In early June, 1863, the army ofthe Potomac began its pursuit
shortly thereafter, and marchedparallel to the Confederates,
ensuring the safety ofWashington DC while it marched
north.
In the leading core on the marchwere both private Nichols and
Captain Ray Private Nichols inthe 61st, Georgia marched in
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Brigadier General John bGordon's brigade while Captain
Ray in the sixth North Carolina.
Marched in Hoax Brigadecommanded by Colonel Isaac e
Avery.
Both brigades were in majorGeneral Jule, a Leys division of
the Second Corps, commanded byLieutenant General Richard s
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ell.
As the army of Northern Virginiacontinued its March, private
Nichols encountered the localpopulace.
Our regiment was the firstinfantry to march into the town
of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
I saw a little girl probablyabout eight years of age
standing on the stoop in frontof her house.
(06:54):
And heard her say, mama, arethose men rebels?
Yes.
My daughter.
Why mama?
They haven't got horns.
They just look like our people.
The army of the Potomac by lateJune had only begun to enter
into Pennsylvania with theweight of its forces.
Still on the march throughMaryland.
(07:16):
While Union Cavalry operatedaround the small crossroad town
of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,captain Fr and the 68th New
York, were still in Maryland andmarched in the First Brigade.
I.
Commanded by Colonel Leopold vonGisa of the first division,
commanded by Brigadier GeneralFrancis c Barlow and Major
(07:39):
General Oliver o Howard's 11thCorps in the army of the
Potomac, commanded by majorGeneral George g Mead, who had
just taken command of the Armyon 28 June.
By 30 June.
Captain Fr.
In the 68th New York camped atEmmitsburg Maryland,
(08:00):
approximately 12 miles to theNorth.
Brigadier General John Buford'scavalry division, scouted around
Gettysburg and identified thearmy of Northern Virginia,
concentrated to the north andwest of his position, and sent
couriers to the first and 11thCorps, the closest infantry to
march to his aid the nextmorning lead elements of major
(08:23):
General Henry Heath's divisionAdvanced East toward Brigadier
General Buford's Cavalry, whohad posted on the north and west
side of the town.
The Battle of Gettysburg hadbegun a.
As the opening shots rang out inGettysburg, captain Fr and the
68th New York began their finalday of marching northward.
(08:48):
On July 1st, at dawn, we wereawakened and at once began
preparations to march, but notuntil eight that morning did our
division follow closely.
The first core towardGettysburg, about 11, we were
ordered to proceed on the doublequick, and we heard the roaring
(09:08):
of cannons at a distance.
As the 11th Corps approachedGettysburg.
The First Corps was already inposition on the western side of
the town, but there were alsoreports that Lieutenant General
ELLs Corps was massing to thenorth of the town.
The first division of the 11thcore was ordered north and
(09:30):
established a line of battlealong Rock Creek and an adjacent
hill known as Blocher's Knoll.
And in doing so, formed asalient in the union line now
situated on the right flank ofthe division, captain Fri and
the 68th New York prepared forthe arrival of the Confederates.
(09:51):
Our men were ordered to sit downand we mounted.
Officers gathered around GeneralBarlow, the division commander
outside the woods, take askirmish line out in front of
us, barren, he said to me andstretched the men to the right.
I deployed a company, and by twoo'clock the Confederate skirmish
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line faced us.
Firing began at once.
I rode up and down encouragingthe men to keep cool and name
well, and soon we drove theConfederate Skirmishers back.
But now I noticed heavy columnsapproaching in front and from
the right we fired.
(10:34):
Then I ordered the commandingofficer of the skirmishers to
fall slowly back into the woodsand fire from tree to tree.
Then I rode to the brigade inthe woods and sang out.
Look sharp, boys.
Don't fire too soon, nor toohigh.
Wait until they get to thecreek.
This Confederate line was thatof Brigadier General Gordon's
(10:57):
brigade and advancing uponCaptain Fritch was private
Nichols in the 61st Georgia.
Our brigade and the rest ofBerkeley's division formed in
line of battle and advanced.
We met the enemy at Rock Creek.
We attacked them immediately,but we had a hard time in moving
(11:17):
them.
We advanced with our customedyell, but they stood firm until
we got near them.
They then began to retreat infine order shooting at us as
they retreated.
Though Captain Fr.
And the 68th New York rejoinedtheir brigade upon the knoll.
They were still facing anumerically superior confederate
(11:38):
brigade.
the Confederates approach slowlyand in magnificent order, and
after the first volley of ourmen, they sent a strong volume
return.
Our men now standing fired twicemore than the Confederates
(11:58):
charged through the creekscreaming savagely.
As the 61st Georgia charged uponCaptain Fri and the 68th New
York Private Nichols commendedthe fighting spirit of the men
they faced.
They were harder to drive thanwe had ever known them before.
(12:24):
Men were being moaned down ingreat numbers on both sides.
We drove them across a fencewhere they stopped and fought us
for a while.
The weight of Brigadier GeneralGordon's Georgia Brigade was too
much for the Union First BrigadeCaptain Fri and the 68th New
York broke and retreated Southwhere they reformed behind
(12:48):
Brigadier General Bert AmesSecond Brigade.
Someone shouted.
Run for your lives boys.
In fact, our small regimentswere attacked by a force
apparently a hundred timeslarger, not alone in front.
But also from the right side ofour position.
(13:08):
This was a Louisiana brigade.
They came on running to surroundus.
Our men fell back through thelight woods.
Just when Brave General Ames onfoot.
But in front of his brigademarched into the woods.
He found them full of screamingSoutherners and after a volley,
(13:29):
his men, of course, had to runout.
Also, having successfully pushedCaptain fr.
In the 68th New York backprivate Nichols in the 61st,
Georgia met this fresh Unionbrigade and bested them as well.
We advanced and drove them intoand out of a deep road cut onto
(13:53):
the alms house where the Yankeesstopped and made a desperate
stand.
Their officers were cheeringlike men and behaving like
heroes and commanders of thefirst water.
The 11th chorus position aroundthe knoll was at a critical
point.
On the afternoon of one July,captain Fr and the 68th New York
(14:16):
were unable to rally their menbefore brigadier General Amess
Brigade began to break under thepressure of the Georgians
charge.
Confederate numbers were toogreat all along the line.
And finally, the order for the11th and first corps to retreat
through Gettysburg was issuedprivate Nichols, continued with
(14:36):
the 61st Georgia through thetown, and summarized the
retreat.
Here, the Gallant Barlow, theenemy's commander fell into our
hands, severely wounded.
He was treated kindly.
We drove them on throughGettysburg and had them greatly
confused.
General Rhodes of Yu's coreseemed to drive in the enemy
(15:00):
about the same time, badly tornup.
We pursued.
And when the enemy got intoGettysburg, they became one
confused mass.
Their officers seemed to losecontrol of them, and we captured
some 5,000 prisoners.
This is unconfirmed, and wedrove the enemy through and out
(15:20):
of the town and we occupied thetown.
Later in the afternoon, captainRay in the sixth North Carolina
took the field to pursue the11th Core through Gettysburg,
but they did not directly engagethe 68th New York joining in the
retreat and attempting to staywith his regiment as best he
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could was Captain Fr.
I rode behind our men into thetown and saw many captured by
gray coats everywhere.
He passed the regimental surgeonand instructed him to tend to
the wounded before continuing.
This delayed me and some 20Confederates came rushing on
(16:02):
Halling to me to surrender.
One excited fellow got hold ofCaesar's Bridal with his left
hand and was ready to plunge hisbayonet into me with his right
screaming.
Surrender, get down.
You damned yank.
You be damned.
I answered.
Cut off his hand with my Saxonsword.
(16:24):
Then I started off, gave spursto my horse, but to my horror,
found myself and a yardsurrounded by high fence rails.
They shot at me from behind anddemanded surrender.
And Caesar with an enormouseffort, jumped the fence and
made off towards Cemetery Hill.
(16:45):
South of the town of Gettysburg,where a series of hills, which
included Cemetery Hill, it washere that major General Winfield
s Hancock commander of theSecond Corps, rallied the first
and 11th Corps with theConfederates in possession of
Gettysburg and the Union Armyfortifying the hills to the
south.
The first day of the Battle ofGettysburg was over.
(17:08):
It is estimated that the UnionArmy suffered approximately
9,000 casualties compared to theConfederacy, approximately
6,000.
While Captain Fr was rallyingthe remnant of the 68th New York
and other regiments in thecemetery, he was tasked by
Brigadier General Alpert Amesnow commander of the first
(17:31):
division as a temporary memberof his staff.
When Colonel Fond Gisa finallymade it into the division's
lines.
That evening, captain Fr broughthim to the stone wall where the
brigade formed.
You can now command your brigadeeasily with the voice.
My dear Colonel, I said, this isall that's left pointing to a
(17:54):
few flags each surrounded by ahandful of sleeping dusty men.
I.
Like many places on thebattlefields of the Civil War,
Blocher Knoll would be renamedafter the battle.
This Knoll where Captain Fri andthe first division of the 11th
Corps fought upon was renamedBarlow's Knoll in honor of the
(18:16):
division commander who wasultimately wounded and captured
there.
It would not be the last pieceof geography renamed around the
town of Gettysburg.
Through the night of the firstinto the second, most of the
corps of the Army of the Potomacarrived and took positions upon
the hills south of Gettysburg.
(18:36):
The 11th core remained onCemetery Hill with the depleted
first division holding a wall onthe eastern face while at the
summit was not only theartillery of the 11th core, but
also elements of the first coreand the artillery reserve.
Approximately 15 batteries intotal with six facing east the
(18:59):
remainder of the Confederatearmy also arrived in the
vicinity of Gettysburg withLieutenant General ELLs Corps
occupying most of the town andpositions to the East, which
were opposite the Union Corpsthat occupied Culp's Hill and
Cemetery Hill General Robert eLee's plan of attack for two
July was for Yu's Core toassault these two hills.
(19:22):
After hearing the attack of LongStreet's Core upon the Union,
left flank further to the south.
While this assault was intendedfor the afternoon, Lee did not
send his orders untilapproximately 11:00 AM.
Lieutenant General LongstreetCourt did not begin its attack
until 4:00 PM this meant thatYu's Advance came even later in
(19:46):
the day while a generalengagement did not coalesce
until the evening, sharpshooters and artillery on, both
were active throughout the dayas witnessed by Captain fr.
One of the sharp shooters seemedto be, especially after me, for
whenever I rose a bulletwhistled close by me.
(20:07):
I found General Howard in thecemetery and soon 12 men with
the finest rifles lay behind thewall near us.
And bang went their bulletsthrough the small openings of
the church tower.
After some 20 shots, we saw thefellows run out of the church
and one drop down from a lastwell-directed shot of our,
(20:29):
please pardon the pronunciation,but this is a French term that
means rifleman while another wascarried away wounded.
In preparation for the advance,the Confederates brought several
batteries to bear upon CemeteryHill, which sparked an artillery
duel for a few hours.
(20:50):
Captain Ray and the sixth NorthCarolina witnessed the barrage
from relative safety.
There was a terrific canon aidbetween the enemy's guns and
ours, which were posted on thenorth and east of the town.
This was not very destructive toour infantry line because being
in the valley, the shots passedover us.
(21:14):
From his vantage point uponCemetery Hill, captain Fr was
able to see the effectiveness ofthe Union Artillery 12 batteries
opened on us every shot beingdirected at Cemetery Hill.
Our batteries replied with greatrapidity and accuracy as I could
(21:35):
see through my spy glass.
Cassons exploded.
And horses were thrown down innumbers.
After several hours, LieutenantGeneral Ell finally began his
assault upon Cemetery Hill withCaptain Ray in the sixth North
Carolina advancing directly uponthe 68th New York.
(21:58):
By late in the afternoon afterthe artillery had about ceased
firing couriers and aides wereseen riding rapidly from one
commanding officer to another.
We knew what that meant.
The orders were given.
Forward Guide Wright HayesBrigade of Louisianans was on
our right.
Ours, the sixth regiment wasnext to Hayes.
(22:21):
Never can that time beforgotten.
Every man in line knew what wasbefore him.
We had seen the enemy gatheringon Cemetery Hill.
We had laid under the fire ofhis numerous guns.
We knew the preparations he hadmade for us yet promptly at the
command.
The line moved forward and in afew minutes we were in full view
(22:43):
of the enemy's batteries and hislines of infantry.
The fire was terrific, but ourmen moved forward very rapidly.
Bearing to the right, having thebatteries of Cemetery Hill as
their objective point.
Though a temporary member of thedivision staff, captain Fri was
(23:05):
now in line with his brigadeready to meet the Louisianans.
And whether he knew it or not,the North Carolinians charge.
In splendid order.
They came marching through thecornfield and impetuously.
They charged Colonel fund, Gil'sbrigade screaming.
We are the Louisiana Tigers.
(23:27):
Our men fired in good time andtheir bullets told, but on came
the enemy.
More and more of them climbingthe wall and forcing the brigade
up the hill behind thebatteries.
Captain Ray in the sixth NorthCarolina, after braving the fire
of the New Yorkers to theirfront, continued their advance.
(23:51):
As we approach the hill.
The guns on battery hill overtowards Culp's Hill had an
inflating fire on us.
Still, our men rushed forward,crawled over the stone wall near
the base of the hill, drove frombehind it, a strong line of
infantry and went still forwardto the top of the hill and
silenced.
(24:12):
The numerous pieces of artillerythat have been so advantageously
posted.
We had full possession of EastCemetery Hill, the key to
General Mead's position.
We held it for several minutes.
Lieutenant Colonel Dele F EinCedal, commander of the 41st New
York.
(24:32):
A regiment within Colonel fGil's Brigade states that the
brigade was arrayed from left toright, the 153rd Pennsylvania,
the 68th New York, the 54th NewYork, and finally his own 41st
New York.
It was to his left where thebreach in the line began
(24:53):
directly at the point of thesixth North Carolina's Advance.
An attack was made by the enemyat 6:30 PM this attack was
repulsed without the assistanceof the 33rd Massachusetts, which
was a regiment sent to reinforceFon Gisa.
On the left wing, the enemy cameso far as to break through the
(25:16):
line, which was kept either bythe 68th New York or the 54th
New York, and moved on to thebatteries.
Reforming at the top of the hillwas Captain Fr.
And the 68th New York, amongseveral other regiments.
Now our batteries began to fire,grape and canister, but some
(25:39):
brave fellows came up to one ofthe batteries and demanded
surrender the battery menassisted by General Ames, two
officers and myself, cut themdown with hand spikes and rams.
The cannonier struck at theirheads and my good sword behaved
well Again, all who had reachedthe battery were killed.
(26:02):
Then the guns were reloaded andrapidly fired, and we stood
surrounded by dense smoke.
Of the numerous batteries on theEastern face of Cemetery Hill,
there was only one commander whoreported Confederates reaching
their guns and fighting hand tohand.
Captain r Bryce Ricketts,commander of batteries f and g
(26:24):
of the first Pennsylvania LightArtillery who was posted behind
Colonel Fonda's Brigade.
At about 8:00 PM a heavy columnof the enemy charged on my
battery and succeeded incapturing and spiking my left
piece.
The caners fought them hand tohand with hand spikes, rams and
(26:45):
pistols, and succeeded inchecking them for a moment when
part of the second Army Corpscharged in and drove them back
during the charge, I expendedevery round of canister in the
battery and then fired caseshot.
Without the fuses, the enemysuffered severely.
I.
(27:06):
Captain Ray in the sixth NorthCarolina.
Unable to take the artilleryprepared to defend their newly
won ground.
It was after daylight had gonedown, the smoke was very dense,
and although the moon wasrising, we could not see what
the enemy was doing, but wecould hear him attempting to
(27:27):
rally his men.
And more than once, he ralliedup close to us.
Our men had formed behind a rockwall, and as he approached, we
fired a volley into him, whichdrove him back.
This occurred at least twice.
No one who has ever been in asimilar position can understand
how anxiously we looked forreinforcements.
(27:50):
None came, however, and beforelong orders came for us to fall
back to our original position.
The Confederate attack uponCemetery Hill only saw success
against the first division ofthe 11th Corps.
Not only was the Second Corpsable to reinforce the first
division, but Captain Fr alsoidentified other brigades now
(28:13):
able to come to the firstdivision's aid.
General Shirtz had sent abrigade to reinforce us.
This being from the 11th coreand hearing them advance, I
joined and charged with themdown the hill.
They drove the Confederates backover the wall.
(28:34):
And then we laid down as ourcannons were firing very close
over our heads.
When the last stopped firing, wesaw the enemy flying over the
fields and noticed the brigadeof the First Corps, which had
assisted us in the charge.
The Confederate attacks on theflanks of the Union Army on two
(28:54):
July were seen to some of theheaviest fighting of the war
with an estimated 20,000 killed,wounded, and missing when added
to the figures of one July.
Both Union and Confederatearmies had sustained an
estimated 35,000 casualties,which made the Battle of
Gettysburg, the bloodiest of thewar.
(29:16):
By the end of two July, stillconfident in his army General.
Lee ordered a renewed attack onthree July, which began upon the
flanks and culminated inPickett's charge toward the
Union Center.
Captain fr Captain Ray andPrivate Nichols who saw only
(29:37):
Skirmishing on two July.
Did not participate in thefighting on three July with such
a high concentration of Unionartillery still in place upon
Cemetery Hill.
Captain Fri did witness some ofthe devastation of the
Confederate bombardment inpreparation for Pickett's charge
after the failure of Pickett'scharge, the Battle of Gettysburg
(29:59):
was over and the army ofNorthern Virginia began to
depart the battlefield on theafternoon of four July.
I.
In his history of the sixthNorth Carolina, published in
1901 within history of theseveral regiments and battalions
from North Carolina in the GreatWar 1861 to 1865, volume one,
(30:24):
Neil w Ray was convinced thatthe Confederate army was on the
verge of victory on two July.
By not supporting Hoax Brigadeof North Carolina and Hay's
Brigade of Louisiana in thestorming and capturing of
Cemetery Hill.
The Battle of Gettysburg waslost.
I do not know whose fault itwas, but I feel assured in
(30:47):
saying that it is not the faultof the storming column.
It did its whole duty and fellback only when orders came to
do.
So much has been written aboutthe Battle of Gettysburg and
what was accomplished by thedifferent commands and the
troops from the differentstates, but at the risk of being
charged with Im modesty, Iventured a claim that the
(31:09):
storming and capturing ofCemetery Hill on the evening of
the second day was not surpassedby anything that was done during
the three days fight.
Captain Frederick Otto Baron.
Fun.
Fri though of German nobility,remained in the United States
and became a citizen.
He kept the diary during theCivil War, but did not attempt
(31:32):
to publish it after his death in1900, his oldest son
commissioned a book based on thediary entitled, A Gallant
Captain of The Civil War Beingthe Record of the Extraordinary
Adventures of Frederick OttoBaron Fon Fri, which published
in 1902.
(31:53):
Following the war, GeorgeWashington Nichols wrote a brief
history of his experienceswithin the 61st Georgia in 1887
for several publications withinthe state, but it was
incomplete.
Surviving members of his companyas well as his family,
encouraged him to write a morecomplete book.
(32:13):
And in 1898, he published aSoldier's Story of his regiment,
61st Georgia and incidentally ofthe Lawton Gordon Evans Brigade.
Thank you for listening to the49th episode.
Links to Captain Fritz's PrivateNichols and Captain Ray's books
(32:34):
are now available on the podcastwebsite.
First person Civil warpodcast.com.
If you enjoyed this episode,please consider supporting the
podcast financially.
Link at the top left of thehomepage on Facebook, Instagram,
X and LinkedIn.
This week you'll find picturesof all three men.
(32:58):
For this next battle.
I have made several attempts ata special episode, but haven't
found the appropriate number ofsources until now making this
episode will again take time andas one other factor.
I will also be on vacation inearly July given this, I will
release my next episode on 13August to provide enough time
(33:22):
for completion.
On 13 August to celebrate the50th episode of the podcast, I
have decided to mark theoccasion with a special episode,
(33:47):
Lieutenant Colonel Judson wBishop of the Second, Minnesota
on 19 September.
Face.
Corporal Thomas C.
Carter of the 27th, Mississippiaround Reed's Bridge Road and on
20 September in the afternoonagainst Lieutenant Colonel James
(34:13):
M.
Ray of the 60th North Carolina.
And in the evening againstCaptain Isaac h Bailey and the
58th North Carolina on theLafayette Road and then
Horseshoe Ridge at the Battle ofChick Maga.
(34:35):
My name is Bill Coghlan.
And thank you for listening toFirst Person Civil War Podcast.
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