September 17, 2025 • 34 mins
At the Battle of Antietam, beginning at approximately 5:30a.m. on 17 September 1862, a Cornfield owned by the Miller Family became the scene of intense fighting. By about 9a.m., after a series of attacks and counterattacks the mangled Cornfield was in possession of the Union and greatly contributed to the single bloodiest day in United States History.
Elements of the Union I and XII Corps which advanced from the north:
MAJ Rufus R. Dawes, 6th Wisconsin
CPT John B. Callis, 7th Wisconsin
BG Marsena R. Patrick, Commander of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, I Corps
CPL Edmund R. Brown, Co. C, 27th Indiana
Vied for possession of the Cornfield against elements of Jackson’s and Longstreet’s Wings:
LTC Phillip A. Work, 1st Texas
LTC Hamilton A Brown, 1st North Carolina
COL Alfred H. Colquit, Commander of Rains’ Brigade
Dawes, Rufus R. Service with the 6th Wisconsin Volunteers. E. R. Alderman & Sons, 1890. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/fk87h1f59q&seq=11.
Work, Phillip A. “No. 253. Report of Lieut. Col. P. A. Work, First Texas Infantry, of the battle of Sharpsburg.” In The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. ser. 1, vol. 19, pt. 1: Reports, edited by Rover N. Scott and Henry M. Lazelle. Government Printing Office, 1887. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924079609610&view=1up&seq=3.
Callis, John A. “No. 26. Reports of Capt. John B. Callis, Seventh Wisconsin Infantry, of the battles of South Mountain and Antietam.” In The War of the Rebellion.
Patrick, Marsena R. “No. 19. Reports of Brig. Gen. Marsena R. Patrick, U.S. Army, commanding Third Brigade, of the battles of South Mountain and Antietam.” In The War of the Rebellion.
Brown, Hamilton A. “First Regiment.” In Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina, In the Great War 1861-’65. E. M. Uzzell, Printer And Binder, 1901. https://digital.ncdcr.gov/Documents/Detail/histories-of-the-several-regiments-and-battalions-from-north-carolina-in-the-great-war-1861-65-v.1/3931258?item=3931271.
Colquit, Alfred H. “No. 304. Reports of Col. A. H. Colquit, Sixth Georgia Infantry, commanding brigade, of the battles of Boonsborough and Sharpsburg.” In The War of the Rebellion.
Brown, Edmund R. The Twenty-Seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry in the War of the Rebellion, 1861 – 1865. First Division 12th and 20th Corps. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t57d33f2n&seq=7.
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The troops obeyed with alacrity,manifesting more than their
usual determination andefficiency.
Cross the formidable fence andmove through a skirt of woods in
which General Mansfieldcommanding, a core of the enemy
was killed.
After an irresistible effort onour part, the federals were
driving from and we gainedpossession of the celebrated
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cornfield.
There.
Now being alone.
The firing three distinct linesof the enemy could be plainly
seen approaching.
As they advanced.
They were reviewed by a federalofficer with hat and hand riding
rapidly in front of each line.
We were near enough to hear theangry and determined cheers of
his men.
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On, on this vast army approachedour thin ranks.
Word was passed.
Fix bayonets, boys.
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Hi, my name is Bill Coghlan andhost the first person Civil War
podcast.
While the generals of both sidesget most of the recognition, the
Civil War was fought by the menin the ranks, and they told
their stories during and afterthe war.
Follow me as I reveal what thesemen witnessed in the battles of
the Civil War.
(01:40):
To mark the 163rd anniversary, Ihave decided to make another
special episode using personalaccounts and official reports.
Major rufuss are Daws of thesixth Wisconsin Lieutenant
Colonel Philip, a work of thefirst Texas captain, John b
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Callus of the seventh,Wisconsin.
Brigadier General Marcina rPatrick's third Brigade, Colonel
Hamilton, a Brown of the firstNorth Carolina, Colonel Alfred h
Cole, quit of Re's Brigade andCorporal Edmund R.
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Brown of the 27th, Indiana.
All vi for possession of thecornfield at Battle of Antietam.
To highlight the attacks andcounter attacks.
That was the fighting at thecornfield.
I have decided to use acombination of three personal
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accounts and official reportsfirst Service with the sixth
Wisconsin.
Volunteers by Bret Brigadier,general Rufuss R das, and
published in 1890.
Next is first Regiment byColonel Hamilton, a Brown found
within histories of the severalregiments and battalions from
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North Carolina in the Great War1861 to 65 volume one.
The final personal account isfrom Corporal Edmund R.
Brown, who wrote.
The 27th Indiana VolunteerInfantry in the War of the
Rebellion, 1861 to 1865, firstDivision, 12th and 20th.
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Course the.
Which he published in 1899.
All other accounts come fromreports following the battle and
are found within the War of theRebellion, a compilation of the
official records of the Unionand Confederate armies.
Series one Volume 19 part one.
Reports.
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If you would like a mapreference for the cornfield, I
recommend Antietam on the web.
This website has a wealth ofinformation such as an order of
battle from Army down toregiment.
Burial locations, reports, asearch by name or regiment.
And so much more.
For this episode, the battlemaps one, two, and three from
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5:00 AM to 9:00 AM providedetail of the regiments and
brigades who made the cornfieldsuch a hotly contested piece of
terrain.
Rufuss.
Dawes was born in Malta, Ohio,on for July, 1838, and had by
1860 moved to Juno County,Wisconsin.
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Where he worked on the familyfarm.
At the outbreak of the war, hetook it upon himself to raise a
company of men from his county.
And by 13 April, 1861, theLemonweir Minute men mustered
into service and on three Maythey ref flagged as company K of
the sixth, Wisconsin with Rufussr Daws as their captain.
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Just as a side note, rufuss hadno middle name, but he signed
official documents with R.
The sixth Wisconsin was assignedto one of the most famous units
of the Civil War.
Alongside the second and seventhWisconsins, as well as the 19th
Indiana.
The brigade fought its secondBull run and at South Mountain
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where it earned the moniker ofthe Iron Brigade.
By this time, rufuss R das wasnow a major and the fourth or
Iron Brigade marched under thecommand of General John Gibbon
in Brigadier General Abnerdouble day's first division.
Of Major General JosephHooker's, first core of the army
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of the Potomac, commanded byMajor General George b
McClellan.
Philip Alexander work was bornon 17 February, 1832 in Clover
Port, Kentucky, and six yearslater moved to Texas and
eventually became a lawyer inTyler County.
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By 1861 Philip Work was adelegate to the Texas Secession
Convention, and afterward raisedthe company of infantry, which
eventually became company F ofthe first Texas.
The first Texas saw serviceduring the Peninsula campaign,
the seven days battles where hepromoted to Lieutenant Colonel
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and commanded the regiment atSecond Bowl run and South
Mountain.
By mid-September the first,Texas marched in Hoods brigade
commanded by Colonel William two in Brigadier General John b
Hood's division of Major GeneralJames Long Street's right wing.
Of the army of NorthernVirginia, commanded by General
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Robert E.
Lee.
John Benton Callas was born inFayetteville, North Carolina on
three January, 1828, and movedwith his family first to
Tennessee, but eventually toGrant County, Wisconsin by 1850.
Where he worked as a plasterer.
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On 10.
June, 1861, John enlisted as acaptain in Company F of the
seventh Wisconsin, whicheventually was assigned to the
Iron Brigade.
Wounded, its second bull run.
He was by mid-September incommand of the regiment.
Marcina Rudolph Patrick was bornon 11 March 18, 11 in Jefferson
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County, New York.
He attended West Point andgraduated in 1835, commissioned
in the infantry and served inthe Seminole Wars as well as the
Mexican American war.
By 1850 Marcina was back inJefferson County and lived on a
farm with his family and sawsuccess outside of the army.
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At the beginning of the war,Marcina Patrick was appointed as
staff and Inspector General ofNew York militia with the rank
of Brigadier General.
He eventually served on majorGeneral McClellan's staff in
early 1862 and given command ofa brigade that may.
And saw service in theShenandoah Valley as well as
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Second Bull Run.
By September, he commanded theall New York Third Brigade of
the first division, first core.
Hamilton Allen Brown was born inWilkes County, North Carolina on
25 September, 1837.
He attended the Naval Academybefore the war, but did not
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graduate and returned home.
In the spring of 1861, Hamiltonenlisted in the company forming
in Wilkes County, whicheventually became company B of
the first North Carolina.
By July of that year, hepromoted to captain and took
command of the company.
The regiment eventually shippedto Virginia and fought in the
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seven days battles where hepromoted to Lieutenant Colonel
took command of the regiment andled the men through Second Bull
run.
As the regiment crossed intoMaryland.
The first North Carolina marchedin Brigadier General Roswell s
Ripley's Brigade.
In Major General Daniel hHill's, division, of Major
General Thomas j Jackson's Leftwing.
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Alfred Holt.
Colquitt was born in WaltonCounty, Georgia on 24.
April, 1824.
Alfred attended Princeton andbecame a lawyer before serving
in the Army as a staff officerduring the Mexican American war.
Following his return, he servedin Georgia politics in the state
legislature as well as the USHouse of Representatives.
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He also served as a delegate tothe Georgia Secession
Convention, and following that,he volunteered to fight and
quickly became Colonel of thesixth Georgia.
By the seven Days Battles,Colonel Cole quit was in Command
of Rain's Brigade, which he ledinto Maryland within major
general DH Hill's Division.
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Edmund Randolph Brown was bornon nine August, 1845 in Pulaski
County, Indiana, and lived onthe family farm.
At 17 years of age, Edmondenlisted as a private in company
C of the 27th Indiana.
By late 1861, the regiment ENCcamped around Washington DC, and
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in the spring of 1862, sawservice in the Shenandoah
Valley.
By September, Edmund Brown wasa.
And the 27th Indiana marched inBrigadier General George h
Gordon's third Brigade ofBrigadier General Alpheus s
Williams's, first division ofMajor General Joseph k
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Mansfield's 12th core.
By early September, 1862, theConfederacy had seen a series of
victories across the state ofVirginia.
From Major General Jackson'scampaign in the Shenandoah to
Robert E.
Lee, pushing the army of thePotomac away from Richmond and
smashing the army of Virginia.
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At Second Bull Run, theConfederacy saw an opportunity
for an offensive.
In conjunction with an advanceinto Kentucky, Robert E.
Lee marched his army of NorthernVirginia into Maryland, and if
he could gain a victory onNorthern soil.
The Confederacy anticipatedrecognition by European powers.
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As two union armies coalescedaround Washington DC much wrote
on what would happen in the wakeof these defeats for the union.
President Lincoln having alreadydrafted the Emancipation
Proclamation, desired a victoryto coincide with its
publication.
With Lee's army crossing intoMaryland, Lincoln reinstated
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major general McClellan tocommand of the Army and ordered
him to intercept theConfederates.
By 13 September, corporal Brownand the 27th, Indiana had
already been on the march forseveral days.
After Forting, the Mono River,the regiment found a place to
rest and stumbled upon acritical piece of intelligence
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concerning Lee's army.
When we emerged from the timbereast of the mono, we saw smoke
rising from several pieces ofartillery engaged in the open
country west of Frederick.
It was now clear that no enemywould be encountered short of
that point.
But with Skirmishers stilldeployed in our front.
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We moved on and finally haltedin a clover field adjoining the
city on the south.
The weather was very beautiful.
As we laid down upon the cleangrass, we did so with a sense of
relaxation and enjoyment.
Soldiers do not always have whentaking a short rest.
Still something of very greatimportance was about to
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transpire.
This was nothing less than thefinding by a member of the 27th
of the now Famous and historicLost Dispatch or Order number 1
91.
The order wrapped around threecigars and issued by General Lee
around nine September gaveMcClellan something any
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commander would dream of themovement orders of the enemy.
McClellan now knew where Lee wasgoing and that his army was
divided for several criticalhours.
However, he did nothing.
Eventually the army of thePotomac received new marching
orders.
The two sides met at the battlesof South Mountain and Crampons
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gap, and afterward, Lee placedhis men in a defensive line just
outside of the town ofSharpsburg Maryland, along the
Antietam Creek On 15 September.
The army of the Potomac began toarrive that same day and through
the 16th.
On the next morning, the Battleof Antietam began.
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Around 5:30 AM On 17 September.
Major general hookers first corebegan marching down the
Hagerstown turnpike towardConfederate positions leading
the march down the turnpike aspart of their brigade was major
Dawes in command of the leftwing of the sixth Wisconsin, who
reached a farm owned by theMiller family.
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The men scrambled over briarsand flower beds in the garden
beyond the garden.
We entered a peach orchard.
I hurried forward to a railfence skirting the front edge of
the orchard where we overlookedthe right wing.
Before us was a strip of openfield, beyond which on the left
hand side of the turnpike wasriding ground covered by a large
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cornfield.
The stalks standing thick andhigh.
The rebel skirmishers ran intothe corn as we appeared at the
fence.
He talks about the regimentbeing ahead of the brigade at
this point.
Keep this in mind.
We climbed the fence, movedacross the open space and pushed
on into the cornfield.
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The pickets most likely fromLawton's.
All Georgia Brigade now rejoinedand formed a line of battle to
the south of the cornfield.
Just as these two lines met,Colonel Bragg, commander of the
sixth Wisconsin was wounded andhanded command of the regiment
to major dos who led his menforward.
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As we appeared at the edge ofthe corn, a long line of men in
butternut and gray rose up fromthe ground Simultaneously the
hostile battle lines opened atremendous fire upon each other.
Men, I cannot say fell.
They were knocked out of theranks by dozens, but we jumped
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over the fence and pushed onloading, firing, and shouting as
we advanced.
The sixth and second Wisconsinregiments were eventually forced
back to the edge of thecornfield before a second line
joined them.
Forward is the word the men areloading and firing with demon
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fury and shouting and laughinghysterically, and the whole
field before us is covered withrebels.
Fleeing for life into the woods.
Great numbers of them are shotwhile climbing over the high
post and rail fences along theturnpike.
We push on over the open fieldshalfway to the little church.
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A long steady line of Rebel Grayunbroken by the fugitives who
fly before us come sweeping downthrough the woods around the
church.
They raise the yell and fire.
It's like a sthe running throughour line now save who can.
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It is a race for life that eachman runs for the cornfield.
This was Hood's Brigade, whichcontained a regiment from
Georgia and South Carolina, aswell as three from Texas.
Joining in this counter attackwas Lieutenant Colonel work, and
the first Texas.
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Advancing.
Now by the right flank, Ientered a cornfield and soon
became engaged with a force ofthe enemy driving them before me
to the farther side of thecornfield.
As soon as the regiment becameengaged with the enemy in the
cornfield, it became impossibleto restrain the men, and they
rushed forward pressing theenemy close until we advanced
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the considerable distance aheadof both the right and left wings
of the brigade.
Rather than falling back to therest of the brigade, Lieutenant
Colonel work sent messengers toColonel wo to bring the rest of
the men in line with him.
It was not until we reached thefarther side of the cornfield
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that I could check the regiment.
By this time, we had broken thefirst line of Battle of the
Enemy and had advanced withinsome 30 steps of his second line
secreted behind a breast work offence rails thrown up in heaps
upon the ground when a batteryof artillery, some 150 or 200
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yards in our front was openedupon us.
The first Texas held theirground by concentrating their
fire on the artiller and horsesuntil they were forced to
retire.
However, the rest of the brigadewas not marching to Lieutenant
Colonel's position.
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Just at the farther side of thecornfield was the point where I
was in great doubt as to theproper move to be made by me.
I was aware my regimen hadadvanced 150 or 200 yards
farther than the regiment uponmy left, so diverging as to
leave a wide interval betweenthe right flank of the 18th,
Georgia and my left, thusexposing both regiments to
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attack.
I was aware at the same timethat a heavy force of the enemy
was masked upon my left and feltconfident that in case I moved
farther to the front, I would beattacked upon my left and rear
and be annihilated.
Seeing more massed.
Union infantry.
Lieutenant Colonel work sentanother courier to ask for
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support and he continues.
Before the return of the couriersch rapture, a fire of musketry
was opened upon me from my leftand rear, which determined me at
once to withdraw as I had, but ahandful of men left, all of whom
must have been slain or capturedhad I remained longer.
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It is a source of mortificationto the state that upon retiring
from the engagement, our colorswere not brought off.
The union lines coming down fromthe north belonged to Brigadier,
general meets division, butanother union line advancing
from the Westwood into thecornfield was the remainder of
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the separated Iron Brigade,which included Captain Callas
and the seventh Wisconsin.
I then saw heavy columnsadvancing on the sixth and
second Wisconsin regiments,which lay on our left.
I immediately changed front soas to get a raking fire on the
left flank of the enemy's columnas they advanced in front of the
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sixth and second Wisconsin.
As soon as this was done.
We opened a fire on their flankthat broke them up badly,
scattering them in greatconfusion.
They however, soon rallied andreturned our fire, making sad
havoc in our ranks.
General Patrick came up in ourrear with support and ordered
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his men to advance through ourline to the front, which they
did, but not without sufferingseverely.
With four New York regimens,Brigadier General, Patrick began
its attack into the cornfield.
The troops on the opposite sideof the road and fields and along
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the edge of the woods were nowbeing rapidly driven back and to
check this advance of the enemyas well as to protect battery B.
On my left, I threw my wholecommand, including the seventh
Wisconsin and the 19th Indiana,across the open space and under
the rocky ledge, perpendicularto my former position and
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parallel to the road when I wasjoined by the 23rd New York.
Now relieved on the right byGeneral Mead.
We remained put a few minuteshere before we had checked the
enemies advance sufficiently topush our lines up to the road,
which we held firmly for sometime.
The 35th regiment, capturing thecolors of the rebel regiment,
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advancing on our battery.
Rallying once more.
The enemy drove us back to therocky ledge, which we held until
our ammunition being almostexhausted and the line attacked
in flank and rear on the right.
I directed my command to fallback to a line of rock at right
angles to the road, and about 15rods from the woods.
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While this formation was indeedanother Confederate counter
attack into the cornfield, itwas not made by Hood's brigade,
but Lieutenant Colonel Brown andthe first North Carolina
alongside their entire brigade.
The troops obeyed with alacrity,manifesting more than their
usual determination andefficiency.
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Cross the formidable fence andmove through a skirt of woods in
which General Mansfieldcommanding, a core of the enemy
was killed.
After an irresistible effort onour part, the federals were
driving from and we gainedpossession of the celebrated
cornfield.
There.
Now being alone.
The firing three distinct linesof the enemy could be plainly
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seen approaching.
As they advanced.
They were reviewed by a federalofficer with hat and hand riding
rapidly in front of each line.
We were near enough to hear theangry and determined cheers of
his men.
On, on this vast army approachedour thin ranks.
Word was passed.
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Fix bayonets, boys.
The first core was by this timespent, and what Lieutenant
Colonel Brown witnessed lookingnorth out of the cornfield was
the fresh 12th core.
Preparing to advance under thedirect supervision of major
General Mansfield.
Forming in line of battle Intothe northeast of the cornfield
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was Corporal Brown and the 27thIndiana.
Before the order fall in isgiven.
The boys run to their placesready at the word to seize their
muskets as they stand.
Thus in ranks, they greet theOld General with cheers.
He removes his hat inacknowledgement and shouts.
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that's right boys.
You may well cheer.
We are going to whip them today.
These statements are receivedwith still more cheering,
especially the illusion ofvictory.
Lieutenant Colonel Brownestimated that the first North
Carolina fought in the cornfieldfor about an hour and a half.
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Their brigades line, beingextended on the right by Colonel
Colquitt and his brigade, andtogether pushed what remained of
the first core out of the cornfield.
My brigade was moved to thefront and formed on the right of
General Ripley's Brigade.
Which was then engaged after afew rounds had been discharged.
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I ordered in advance and at thesame time sent words to the
regiments on my left to advance.
Simultaneously, the order wasresponded with Spirit by my men
and with a shout.
They moved through the cornfieldin front 200 yards wide and
formed on the line of fence.
The enemy was near and in fullview.
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In a moment or two, his ranksbegan to break before our fire.
And the line soon disappearedunder the crest of the hill,
upon which it had beenestablished.
That being the first core, itwas soon replaced by another,
and the fire opened with renewedvigor.
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This new line of troops wasCorporal Brown and the 27th
Indiana marching in line withtheir brigade.
Though we have not fired amusket while advancing to this
position, when we reach it andthe colonel passes to the rear,
we open an irregular fire.
The difficulty is to see theenemy.
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He is lying down among the corn.
Another difficulty is that ourown men have not entirely
withdrawn from the front.
But the men of the 27th Cooleystand with their muskets at a
ready.
And when they clearly recognizea soldier in gray, they take
deliberate aim and fire.
Taking the greatest care thatthey do not hurt any who wear
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blue.
At this point in the advance,there was some confusion within
the 27th Indiana as to whatexactly was in front of them.
As officers of the regimentbelieved, no Confederates to
their front, but eventually theregiment continued its attack
upon Quis Brigade.
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Even before the question hasbeen settled in all quarters,
the voice of the colonel ringsout like a clarion battalion.
Make ready! Instantly a hushfalls upon the line from one end
of it to the other.
Can be heard the click of thelocks, as the hammers are pulled
back before giving the rest ofthe command.
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The colonel says, now, aim goodand low.
Boys aIM low.
Boys.
Aim low is repeated by the lineofficers.
Then the colonel, take aim.
Fire with instant desperation,we all spring to the work of
loading and firing at will.
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The weight of the 12th corebegan to tell upon the
Confederates holding thecornfield and Colonel Cole quit,
realized the dire situation, hismemoir in.
In the meantime, Garland'sBrigade, who had been ordered to
my right, had given way and theenemy was advancing, unchecked,
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the regiments upon my left,having also failed to advance,
were exposed to a fire from allsides and nearly surrounded.
I sent in haste to the rear forreinforcements and communicated
to General Hill the exposedcondition of my men.
With steady supports upon theright, we could yet maintain our
position.
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As the two lines continue toengage each other.
Corporal Brown attributes, theappalling casualties of his
regiment to the fact that theywere standing in an open field
while the confederates remainedin the cornfield behind a fence.
As it is, those who are thinningour ranks so rapidly are not
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left to accomplish their workunmolested.
The attention of more and moreof our men is directed to those
behind the fence and our fire isconcentrated upon that point.
They doubtless think it israining lead where they are.
We observe increasing signs ofunease among all the men in our
front.
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There has been a steady streamof them passing to the rear.
The, the situation in thecornfield for the confederates
had now become untenable, andColonel Colquitt had no choice
but to retreat under the weightof superior numbers.
The support was not at hand andcould not reach us.
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In time.
The enemy closed in upon ourrights, so near that our ranks
were scarcely, distinguishableat the same time, his line in
front advanced.
My men stood firm until everyfield officer, but one had
fallen and then made the best oftheir way out.
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Corporal Brown and the 27th,Indiana still holding their
exposed position in the openfield.
Joined in the advance.
At length.
The piercing tones of ColonelCole Grove's voice are heard.
Again, the command is fixbayonets.
As we are in the act of doingthis, we see our antagonists
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rise up and move briskly awaywithout regard to order.
We of course go wild with joyand begin to cheer with all our
might at the command.
Our line moves forward down themodest slope to the tragic fence
over that, and on between thebloody corn rows with their cut
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and hacked corn stalks.
Advancing our left as we go.
We do not halt until near thestrong post and rail fence
bordering the turnpike.
The enemy have leapt this fenceand escaped into the timber
beyond.
The securing of the cornfieldwould prove to be the end of the
day's fighting, at least forCorporal Brown and the 27th
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Indiana.
But the Battle of Antietam wasfar from over.
The 12th and second course nowconcentrated on the Westwood,
the Dunker Church, and furtherpositions to the South with even
more fighting to the southeastof Sharpsburg.
The Battle of Antietam remainsthe bloodiest day in American
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history with approximately22,800 casualties, and the back
and forth struggle in thecornfield was a key contributing
factor to this appalling number.
Though both armies remained inplace on 18 September.
The fighting did not resume, butthey did call a truce to tend to
the wounded still strewn aboutthe battlefield.
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That evening, Lee decided towithdraw back to Virginia.
Though a tactical draw, theBattle of Antietam was a
strategic victory for the UnionArmy as it thwarted Lee's
invasion of the North.
On 22 September, 1862, presidentLincoln published the
Emancipation Proclamation, whichtook effect on one January,
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1863, and stated all personsheld as slaves within any state
or designated part of a statethe people aware of shall then
be in rebellion against theUnited States, shall be then,
then forth and forever free.
Thank you for listening to the51st episode.
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Links to all personal accountsand reports are now available on
the podcast website.
First person Civil Warpodcast.com.
Thanks again to anam on the web.
For the map references, go checkout their
website@antietam.aotw.org foreven more information on the
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battle.
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This week you will find picturesof all seven men.
A special thanks to those whosupported the podcast in the
last month.
Your generosity is greatlyappreciated and it will help
Keep the podcast going.
(33:15):
Follow the support podcast linkat the top of the homepage.
Thanks again for your support.
In two weeks time.
Sergeant William j McMurray ofCompany B 20th Tennessee
provides next episode's firstperson account at the battle.
(33:36):
Of Mill Springs.
My name is Bill Coghlan, andthank you for listening to First
Person Civil War Podcast.
The troops obeyed with alacrity,manifesting more than their
usual determination andefficiency.
Cross the formidable fence andmove through a skirt of woods in
which General Mansfieldcommanding, a core of the enemy
was killed.
After an irresistible effort onour part, the federals were
driving from and we gainedpossession of the celebrated
(00:24):
cornfield.
There.
Now being alone.
The firing three distinct linesof the enemy could be plainly
seen approaching.
As they advanced.
They were reviewed by a federalofficer with hat and hand riding
rapidly in front of each line.
We were near enough to hear theangry and determined cheers of
his men.
(00:45):
On, on this vast army approachedour thin ranks.
Word was passed.
Fix bayonets, boys.
(01:17):
Hi, my name is Bill Coghlan andhost the first person Civil War
podcast.
While the generals of both sidesget most of the recognition, the
Civil War was fought by the menin the ranks, and they told
their stories during and afterthe war.
Follow me as I reveal what thesemen witnessed in the battles of
the Civil War.
(01:40):
To mark the 163rd anniversary, Ihave decided to make another
special episode using personalaccounts and official reports.
Major rufuss are Daws of thesixth Wisconsin Lieutenant
Colonel Philip, a work of thefirst Texas captain, John b
(02:06):
Callus of the seventh,Wisconsin.
Brigadier General Marcina rPatrick's third Brigade, Colonel
Hamilton, a Brown of the firstNorth Carolina, Colonel Alfred h
Cole, quit of Re's Brigade andCorporal Edmund R.
(02:32):
Brown of the 27th, Indiana.
All vi for possession of thecornfield at Battle of Antietam.
To highlight the attacks andcounter attacks.
That was the fighting at thecornfield.
I have decided to use acombination of three personal
(02:53):
accounts and official reportsfirst Service with the sixth
Wisconsin.
Volunteers by Bret Brigadier,general Rufuss R das, and
published in 1890.
Next is first Regiment byColonel Hamilton, a Brown found
within histories of the severalregiments and battalions from
(03:17):
North Carolina in the Great War1861 to 65 volume one.
The final personal account isfrom Corporal Edmund R.
Brown, who wrote.
The 27th Indiana VolunteerInfantry in the War of the
Rebellion, 1861 to 1865, firstDivision, 12th and 20th.
(03:39):
Course the.
Which he published in 1899.
All other accounts come fromreports following the battle and
are found within the War of theRebellion, a compilation of the
official records of the Unionand Confederate armies.
Series one Volume 19 part one.
Reports.
(04:02):
If you would like a mapreference for the cornfield, I
recommend Antietam on the web.
This website has a wealth ofinformation such as an order of
battle from Army down toregiment.
Burial locations, reports, asearch by name or regiment.
And so much more.
For this episode, the battlemaps one, two, and three from
(04:26):
5:00 AM to 9:00 AM providedetail of the regiments and
brigades who made the cornfieldsuch a hotly contested piece of
terrain.
Rufuss.
Dawes was born in Malta, Ohio,on for July, 1838, and had by
1860 moved to Juno County,Wisconsin.
(04:47):
Where he worked on the familyfarm.
At the outbreak of the war, hetook it upon himself to raise a
company of men from his county.
And by 13 April, 1861, theLemonweir Minute men mustered
into service and on three Maythey ref flagged as company K of
the sixth, Wisconsin with Rufussr Daws as their captain.
(05:10):
Just as a side note, rufuss hadno middle name, but he signed
official documents with R.
The sixth Wisconsin was assignedto one of the most famous units
of the Civil War.
Alongside the second and seventhWisconsins, as well as the 19th
Indiana.
The brigade fought its secondBull run and at South Mountain
(05:31):
where it earned the moniker ofthe Iron Brigade.
By this time, rufuss R das wasnow a major and the fourth or
Iron Brigade marched under thecommand of General John Gibbon
in Brigadier General Abnerdouble day's first division.
Of Major General JosephHooker's, first core of the army
(05:51):
of the Potomac, commanded byMajor General George b
McClellan.
Philip Alexander work was bornon 17 February, 1832 in Clover
Port, Kentucky, and six yearslater moved to Texas and
eventually became a lawyer inTyler County.
(06:11):
By 1861 Philip Work was adelegate to the Texas Secession
Convention, and afterward raisedthe company of infantry, which
eventually became company F ofthe first Texas.
The first Texas saw serviceduring the Peninsula campaign,
the seven days battles where hepromoted to Lieutenant Colonel
(06:32):
and commanded the regiment atSecond Bowl run and South
Mountain.
By mid-September the first,Texas marched in Hoods brigade
commanded by Colonel William two in Brigadier General John b
Hood's division of Major GeneralJames Long Street's right wing.
Of the army of NorthernVirginia, commanded by General
(06:55):
Robert E.
Lee.
John Benton Callas was born inFayetteville, North Carolina on
three January, 1828, and movedwith his family first to
Tennessee, but eventually toGrant County, Wisconsin by 1850.
Where he worked as a plasterer.
(07:15):
On 10.
June, 1861, John enlisted as acaptain in Company F of the
seventh Wisconsin, whicheventually was assigned to the
Iron Brigade.
Wounded, its second bull run.
He was by mid-September incommand of the regiment.
Marcina Rudolph Patrick was bornon 11 March 18, 11 in Jefferson
(07:39):
County, New York.
He attended West Point andgraduated in 1835, commissioned
in the infantry and served inthe Seminole Wars as well as the
Mexican American war.
By 1850 Marcina was back inJefferson County and lived on a
farm with his family and sawsuccess outside of the army.
(08:00):
At the beginning of the war,Marcina Patrick was appointed as
staff and Inspector General ofNew York militia with the rank
of Brigadier General.
He eventually served on majorGeneral McClellan's staff in
early 1862 and given command ofa brigade that may.
And saw service in theShenandoah Valley as well as
(08:21):
Second Bull Run.
By September, he commanded theall New York Third Brigade of
the first division, first core.
Hamilton Allen Brown was born inWilkes County, North Carolina on
25 September, 1837.
He attended the Naval Academybefore the war, but did not
(08:43):
graduate and returned home.
In the spring of 1861, Hamiltonenlisted in the company forming
in Wilkes County, whicheventually became company B of
the first North Carolina.
By July of that year, hepromoted to captain and took
command of the company.
The regiment eventually shippedto Virginia and fought in the
(09:05):
seven days battles where hepromoted to Lieutenant Colonel
took command of the regiment andled the men through Second Bull
run.
As the regiment crossed intoMaryland.
The first North Carolina marchedin Brigadier General Roswell s
Ripley's Brigade.
In Major General Daniel hHill's, division, of Major
General Thomas j Jackson's Leftwing.
(09:30):
Alfred Holt.
Colquitt was born in WaltonCounty, Georgia on 24.
April, 1824.
Alfred attended Princeton andbecame a lawyer before serving
in the Army as a staff officerduring the Mexican American war.
Following his return, he servedin Georgia politics in the state
legislature as well as the USHouse of Representatives.
(09:54):
He also served as a delegate tothe Georgia Secession
Convention, and following that,he volunteered to fight and
quickly became Colonel of thesixth Georgia.
By the seven Days Battles,Colonel Cole quit was in Command
of Rain's Brigade, which he ledinto Maryland within major
general DH Hill's Division.
(10:16):
Edmund Randolph Brown was bornon nine August, 1845 in Pulaski
County, Indiana, and lived onthe family farm.
At 17 years of age, Edmondenlisted as a private in company
C of the 27th Indiana.
By late 1861, the regiment ENCcamped around Washington DC, and
(10:37):
in the spring of 1862, sawservice in the Shenandoah
Valley.
By September, Edmund Brown wasa.
And the 27th Indiana marched inBrigadier General George h
Gordon's third Brigade ofBrigadier General Alpheus s
Williams's, first division ofMajor General Joseph k
(10:58):
Mansfield's 12th core.
By early September, 1862, theConfederacy had seen a series of
victories across the state ofVirginia.
From Major General Jackson'scampaign in the Shenandoah to
Robert E.
Lee, pushing the army of thePotomac away from Richmond and
smashing the army of Virginia.
(11:18):
At Second Bull Run, theConfederacy saw an opportunity
for an offensive.
In conjunction with an advanceinto Kentucky, Robert E.
Lee marched his army of NorthernVirginia into Maryland, and if
he could gain a victory onNorthern soil.
The Confederacy anticipatedrecognition by European powers.
(11:40):
As two union armies coalescedaround Washington DC much wrote
on what would happen in the wakeof these defeats for the union.
President Lincoln having alreadydrafted the Emancipation
Proclamation, desired a victoryto coincide with its
publication.
With Lee's army crossing intoMaryland, Lincoln reinstated
(12:00):
major general McClellan tocommand of the Army and ordered
him to intercept theConfederates.
By 13 September, corporal Brownand the 27th, Indiana had
already been on the march forseveral days.
After Forting, the Mono River,the regiment found a place to
rest and stumbled upon acritical piece of intelligence
(12:22):
concerning Lee's army.
When we emerged from the timbereast of the mono, we saw smoke
rising from several pieces ofartillery engaged in the open
country west of Frederick.
It was now clear that no enemywould be encountered short of
that point.
But with Skirmishers stilldeployed in our front.
(12:43):
We moved on and finally haltedin a clover field adjoining the
city on the south.
The weather was very beautiful.
As we laid down upon the cleangrass, we did so with a sense of
relaxation and enjoyment.
Soldiers do not always have whentaking a short rest.
Still something of very greatimportance was about to
(13:04):
transpire.
This was nothing less than thefinding by a member of the 27th
of the now Famous and historicLost Dispatch or Order number 1
91.
The order wrapped around threecigars and issued by General Lee
around nine September gaveMcClellan something any
(13:27):
commander would dream of themovement orders of the enemy.
McClellan now knew where Lee wasgoing and that his army was
divided for several criticalhours.
However, he did nothing.
Eventually the army of thePotomac received new marching
orders.
The two sides met at the battlesof South Mountain and Crampons
(13:48):
gap, and afterward, Lee placedhis men in a defensive line just
outside of the town ofSharpsburg Maryland, along the
Antietam Creek On 15 September.
The army of the Potomac began toarrive that same day and through
the 16th.
On the next morning, the Battleof Antietam began.
(14:11):
Around 5:30 AM On 17 September.
Major general hookers first corebegan marching down the
Hagerstown turnpike towardConfederate positions leading
the march down the turnpike aspart of their brigade was major
Dawes in command of the leftwing of the sixth Wisconsin, who
reached a farm owned by theMiller family.
(14:36):
The men scrambled over briarsand flower beds in the garden
beyond the garden.
We entered a peach orchard.
I hurried forward to a railfence skirting the front edge of
the orchard where we overlookedthe right wing.
Before us was a strip of openfield, beyond which on the left
hand side of the turnpike wasriding ground covered by a large
(14:58):
cornfield.
The stalks standing thick andhigh.
The rebel skirmishers ran intothe corn as we appeared at the
fence.
He talks about the regimentbeing ahead of the brigade at
this point.
Keep this in mind.
We climbed the fence, movedacross the open space and pushed
on into the cornfield.
(15:22):
The pickets most likely fromLawton's.
All Georgia Brigade now rejoinedand formed a line of battle to
the south of the cornfield.
Just as these two lines met,Colonel Bragg, commander of the
sixth Wisconsin was wounded andhanded command of the regiment
to major dos who led his menforward.
(15:44):
As we appeared at the edge ofthe corn, a long line of men in
butternut and gray rose up fromthe ground Simultaneously the
hostile battle lines opened atremendous fire upon each other.
Men, I cannot say fell.
They were knocked out of theranks by dozens, but we jumped
(16:07):
over the fence and pushed onloading, firing, and shouting as
we advanced.
The sixth and second Wisconsinregiments were eventually forced
back to the edge of thecornfield before a second line
joined them.
Forward is the word the men areloading and firing with demon
(16:32):
fury and shouting and laughinghysterically, and the whole
field before us is covered withrebels.
Fleeing for life into the woods.
Great numbers of them are shotwhile climbing over the high
post and rail fences along theturnpike.
We push on over the open fieldshalfway to the little church.
(16:53):
A long steady line of Rebel Grayunbroken by the fugitives who
fly before us come sweeping downthrough the woods around the
church.
They raise the yell and fire.
It's like a sthe running throughour line now save who can.
(17:13):
It is a race for life that eachman runs for the cornfield.
This was Hood's Brigade, whichcontained a regiment from
Georgia and South Carolina, aswell as three from Texas.
Joining in this counter attackwas Lieutenant Colonel work, and
the first Texas.
(17:35):
Advancing.
Now by the right flank, Ientered a cornfield and soon
became engaged with a force ofthe enemy driving them before me
to the farther side of thecornfield.
As soon as the regiment becameengaged with the enemy in the
cornfield, it became impossibleto restrain the men, and they
rushed forward pressing theenemy close until we advanced
(17:57):
the considerable distance aheadof both the right and left wings
of the brigade.
Rather than falling back to therest of the brigade, Lieutenant
Colonel work sent messengers toColonel wo to bring the rest of
the men in line with him.
It was not until we reached thefarther side of the cornfield
(18:19):
that I could check the regiment.
By this time, we had broken thefirst line of Battle of the
Enemy and had advanced withinsome 30 steps of his second line
secreted behind a breast work offence rails thrown up in heaps
upon the ground when a batteryof artillery, some 150 or 200
(18:42):
yards in our front was openedupon us.
The first Texas held theirground by concentrating their
fire on the artiller and horsesuntil they were forced to
retire.
However, the rest of the brigadewas not marching to Lieutenant
Colonel's position.
(19:03):
Just at the farther side of thecornfield was the point where I
was in great doubt as to theproper move to be made by me.
I was aware my regimen hadadvanced 150 or 200 yards
farther than the regiment uponmy left, so diverging as to
leave a wide interval betweenthe right flank of the 18th,
Georgia and my left, thusexposing both regiments to
(19:26):
attack.
I was aware at the same timethat a heavy force of the enemy
was masked upon my left and feltconfident that in case I moved
farther to the front, I would beattacked upon my left and rear
and be annihilated.
Seeing more massed.
Union infantry.
Lieutenant Colonel work sentanother courier to ask for
(19:47):
support and he continues.
Before the return of the couriersch rapture, a fire of musketry
was opened upon me from my leftand rear, which determined me at
once to withdraw as I had, but ahandful of men left, all of whom
must have been slain or capturedhad I remained longer.
(20:12):
It is a source of mortificationto the state that upon retiring
from the engagement, our colorswere not brought off.
The union lines coming down fromthe north belonged to Brigadier,
general meets division, butanother union line advancing
from the Westwood into thecornfield was the remainder of
(20:34):
the separated Iron Brigade,which included Captain Callas
and the seventh Wisconsin.
I then saw heavy columnsadvancing on the sixth and
second Wisconsin regiments,which lay on our left.
I immediately changed front soas to get a raking fire on the
left flank of the enemy's columnas they advanced in front of the
(20:56):
sixth and second Wisconsin.
As soon as this was done.
We opened a fire on their flankthat broke them up badly,
scattering them in greatconfusion.
They however, soon rallied andreturned our fire, making sad
havoc in our ranks.
General Patrick came up in ourrear with support and ordered
(21:19):
his men to advance through ourline to the front, which they
did, but not without sufferingseverely.
With four New York regimens,Brigadier General, Patrick began
its attack into the cornfield.
The troops on the opposite sideof the road and fields and along
(21:39):
the edge of the woods were nowbeing rapidly driven back and to
check this advance of the enemyas well as to protect battery B.
On my left, I threw my wholecommand, including the seventh
Wisconsin and the 19th Indiana,across the open space and under
the rocky ledge, perpendicularto my former position and
(22:00):
parallel to the road when I wasjoined by the 23rd New York.
Now relieved on the right byGeneral Mead.
We remained put a few minuteshere before we had checked the
enemies advance sufficiently topush our lines up to the road,
which we held firmly for sometime.
The 35th regiment, capturing thecolors of the rebel regiment,
(22:24):
advancing on our battery.
Rallying once more.
The enemy drove us back to therocky ledge, which we held until
our ammunition being almostexhausted and the line attacked
in flank and rear on the right.
I directed my command to fallback to a line of rock at right
angles to the road, and about 15rods from the woods.
(22:48):
While this formation was indeedanother Confederate counter
attack into the cornfield, itwas not made by Hood's brigade,
but Lieutenant Colonel Brown andthe first North Carolina
alongside their entire brigade.
The troops obeyed with alacrity,manifesting more than their
usual determination andefficiency.
(23:10):
Cross the formidable fence andmove through a skirt of woods in
which General Mansfieldcommanding, a core of the enemy
was killed.
After an irresistible effort onour part, the federals were
driving from and we gainedpossession of the celebrated
cornfield.
There.
Now being alone.
The firing three distinct linesof the enemy could be plainly
(23:33):
seen approaching.
As they advanced.
They were reviewed by a federalofficer with hat and hand riding
rapidly in front of each line.
We were near enough to hear theangry and determined cheers of
his men.
On, on this vast army approachedour thin ranks.
Word was passed.
(23:53):
Fix bayonets, boys.
The first core was by this timespent, and what Lieutenant
Colonel Brown witnessed lookingnorth out of the cornfield was
the fresh 12th core.
Preparing to advance under thedirect supervision of major
General Mansfield.
Forming in line of battle Intothe northeast of the cornfield
(24:16):
was Corporal Brown and the 27thIndiana.
Before the order fall in isgiven.
The boys run to their placesready at the word to seize their
muskets as they stand.
Thus in ranks, they greet theOld General with cheers.
He removes his hat inacknowledgement and shouts.
(24:37):
that's right boys.
You may well cheer.
We are going to whip them today.
These statements are receivedwith still more cheering,
especially the illusion ofvictory.
Lieutenant Colonel Brownestimated that the first North
Carolina fought in the cornfieldfor about an hour and a half.
(24:58):
Their brigades line, beingextended on the right by Colonel
Colquitt and his brigade, andtogether pushed what remained of
the first core out of the cornfield.
My brigade was moved to thefront and formed on the right of
General Ripley's Brigade.
Which was then engaged after afew rounds had been discharged.
(25:19):
I ordered in advance and at thesame time sent words to the
regiments on my left to advance.
Simultaneously, the order wasresponded with Spirit by my men
and with a shout.
They moved through the cornfieldin front 200 yards wide and
formed on the line of fence.
The enemy was near and in fullview.
(25:42):
In a moment or two, his ranksbegan to break before our fire.
And the line soon disappearedunder the crest of the hill,
upon which it had beenestablished.
That being the first core, itwas soon replaced by another,
and the fire opened with renewedvigor.
(26:03):
This new line of troops wasCorporal Brown and the 27th
Indiana marching in line withtheir brigade.
Though we have not fired amusket while advancing to this
position, when we reach it andthe colonel passes to the rear,
we open an irregular fire.
The difficulty is to see theenemy.
(26:24):
He is lying down among the corn.
Another difficulty is that ourown men have not entirely
withdrawn from the front.
But the men of the 27th Cooleystand with their muskets at a
ready.
And when they clearly recognizea soldier in gray, they take
deliberate aim and fire.
Taking the greatest care thatthey do not hurt any who wear
(26:47):
blue.
At this point in the advance,there was some confusion within
the 27th Indiana as to whatexactly was in front of them.
As officers of the regimentbelieved, no Confederates to
their front, but eventually theregiment continued its attack
upon Quis Brigade.
(27:09):
Even before the question hasbeen settled in all quarters,
the voice of the colonel ringsout like a clarion battalion.
Make ready! Instantly a hushfalls upon the line from one end
of it to the other.
Can be heard the click of thelocks, as the hammers are pulled
back before giving the rest ofthe command.
(27:30):
The colonel says, now, aim goodand low.
Boys aIM low.
Boys.
Aim low is repeated by the lineofficers.
Then the colonel, take aim.
Fire with instant desperation,we all spring to the work of
loading and firing at will.
(27:52):
The weight of the 12th corebegan to tell upon the
Confederates holding thecornfield and Colonel Cole quit,
realized the dire situation, hismemoir in.
In the meantime, Garland'sBrigade, who had been ordered to
my right, had given way and theenemy was advancing, unchecked,
(28:13):
the regiments upon my left,having also failed to advance,
were exposed to a fire from allsides and nearly surrounded.
I sent in haste to the rear forreinforcements and communicated
to General Hill the exposedcondition of my men.
With steady supports upon theright, we could yet maintain our
position.
(28:35):
As the two lines continue toengage each other.
Corporal Brown attributes, theappalling casualties of his
regiment to the fact that theywere standing in an open field
while the confederates remainedin the cornfield behind a fence.
As it is, those who are thinningour ranks so rapidly are not
(28:55):
left to accomplish their workunmolested.
The attention of more and moreof our men is directed to those
behind the fence and our fire isconcentrated upon that point.
They doubtless think it israining lead where they are.
We observe increasing signs ofunease among all the men in our
front.
(29:15):
There has been a steady streamof them passing to the rear.
The, the situation in thecornfield for the confederates
had now become untenable, andColonel Colquitt had no choice
but to retreat under the weightof superior numbers.
The support was not at hand andcould not reach us.
(29:36):
In time.
The enemy closed in upon ourrights, so near that our ranks
were scarcely, distinguishableat the same time, his line in
front advanced.
My men stood firm until everyfield officer, but one had
fallen and then made the best oftheir way out.
(29:56):
Corporal Brown and the 27th,Indiana still holding their
exposed position in the openfield.
Joined in the advance.
At length.
The piercing tones of ColonelCole Grove's voice are heard.
Again, the command is fixbayonets.
As we are in the act of doingthis, we see our antagonists
(30:18):
rise up and move briskly awaywithout regard to order.
We of course go wild with joyand begin to cheer with all our
might at the command.
Our line moves forward down themodest slope to the tragic fence
over that, and on between thebloody corn rows with their cut
(30:39):
and hacked corn stalks.
Advancing our left as we go.
We do not halt until near thestrong post and rail fence
bordering the turnpike.
The enemy have leapt this fenceand escaped into the timber
beyond.
The securing of the cornfieldwould prove to be the end of the
day's fighting, at least forCorporal Brown and the 27th
(31:02):
Indiana.
But the Battle of Antietam wasfar from over.
The 12th and second course nowconcentrated on the Westwood,
the Dunker Church, and furtherpositions to the South with even
more fighting to the southeastof Sharpsburg.
The Battle of Antietam remainsthe bloodiest day in American
(31:23):
history with approximately22,800 casualties, and the back
and forth struggle in thecornfield was a key contributing
factor to this appalling number.
Though both armies remained inplace on 18 September.
The fighting did not resume, butthey did call a truce to tend to
the wounded still strewn aboutthe battlefield.
(31:45):
That evening, Lee decided towithdraw back to Virginia.
Though a tactical draw, theBattle of Antietam was a
strategic victory for the UnionArmy as it thwarted Lee's
invasion of the North.
On 22 September, 1862, presidentLincoln published the
Emancipation Proclamation, whichtook effect on one January,
(32:09):
1863, and stated all personsheld as slaves within any state
or designated part of a statethe people aware of shall then
be in rebellion against theUnited States, shall be then,
then forth and forever free.
Thank you for listening to the51st episode.
(32:30):
Links to all personal accountsand reports are now available on
the podcast website.
First person Civil Warpodcast.com.
Thanks again to anam on the web.
For the map references, go checkout their
website@antietam.aotw.org foreven more information on the
(32:54):
battle.
On Facebook, Instagram, X andLinkedIn.
This week you will find picturesof all seven men.
A special thanks to those whosupported the podcast in the
last month.
Your generosity is greatlyappreciated and it will help
Keep the podcast going.
(33:15):
Follow the support podcast linkat the top of the homepage.
Thanks again for your support.
In two weeks time.
Sergeant William j McMurray ofCompany B 20th Tennessee
provides next episode's firstperson account at the battle.
(33:36):
Of Mill Springs.
My name is Bill Coghlan, andthank you for listening to First
Person Civil War Podcast.
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