American military intervention in Korea at the end of June 1950 began with a clearly defined and just goal in response to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRK) invasion of their sovereign rival below the 38th Parallel. U.S. President Harry S. Truman’s foreign policy goals in Southeast Asia, the defense of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and containment of communism in the region, were threatened by the invasion. The United States and the ROK Army found themselves assailed by the rapid advance of the North Korean People’s Army (NKPA). Pushed back to the Pusan Perimeter where the threat of total military defeat loomed over the heads of the defenders, the combined American and South Korean forces held and successfully executed a counteroffensive which drove the NKPA back across the 38th Parallel and stood as a resounding victory for the United States, South Korea, and democracy. For the moment, communism had not spread in Southeast Asia and had been contained. However, foreign policy changed and so, too, did America’s war aims.
Bloody Ridge signaled the United States’ shift from the pursuit of total victory to limited objective engagements intended to influence and strengthen its political position at the negotiation table.
Sources:
Alexander, Bevin. Korea: The First War We Lost. New York, NY: Hippocrene Books, 2004.
Blair, Clay. The Forgotten War. London: Times Books, 1987.
Fehrenbach, T. R. This Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History. Dulles, VA: Potomac Books, 2008.
Gugeler, Russell A. Combat Actions in Korea. Center of Military History. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army, 1987. https://history.army.mil/books/korea/30-2/30-2_con.htm.
Hermes, Walter G. Truce Tent and Fighting Front. Center of Military History. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 2005. https://history.army.mil/books/korea/truce/ch5.htm.
Lynch, John M. “Korean War 9th Infantry Regiment - Command Report - August 1951.” College Park: Korean War Project, n.d.
Patterson, Michael Robert. “Clark Louis Ruffner General, United States Army.” Clark Louis Ruffner, General, United States Army, December 24, 2006. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/clruffner.htm.
Patterson, Michael Robert. “James Alward Van Fleet General, United States Army.” James Alward Van Fleet, general, United States Army, October 17, 2007. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/vanfleet.htm.
Woong-ki, Song. “Get Away from It All in Yanggu.” The Korea Herald. The Korea Herald, August 6, 2010. http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20100806000681.
Young, Robert N. “Korean War 2nd Infantry Division - Command Report - August 1951.” Dallas: Korean War Project, n.d.
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